BilBffSBWII
PHONG CHOiNG TINH TRANG Bd HOC CUA HOC SINH TRUNG HOC C0 s d HUYEN AN PHU, TINH AN GIANG THUC TRANG VA GIAI P H A P
Dodn Blnli Lam Phong Gido d^c & Bdo tgo huyfn An Phu, An Giang SUMMARY
In order to enhance the quality of the prevention against the dropouts' situation of junior high school students of An Phu district, An Giang province, the education sector must coordinate the entire society to continue to raise awareness, build action plans, detect and prevent the causes leading to the dropout
Nh&n bii ngiy 22/11/2013, nffiy duySt ding 25/12/2013 1. V.L Lenin da timg ndi "Hgc, hgc ntta, hgc mdi". Bdc Ho timg khdng dinh "mdt ddn tgc dit la dan tgc yeu", hgc tip Id nhu ciu, trdch nhigm thudng xuydn va su6t ddi cua moi ngudi, mSi cdng ddn Vigt Nam, khdng phan biet thdnh phan, Ida tuoi, tdn gido, dan tgc nhdm xdy dyng m0t quIc gia hung mgnh. Hgc suit ddi trd thanh mgt nguyen 1;^ gido dye (GD) cda Dang vd Nhd nude dl lam nen tang eho vigc ndng cao dan tri, ddo tgo nhdn lyc, bdi dudng nhan tai, dam bdo quyen dugc GD vd hgc tgp cda moi eon ngudi.
Trong tdng ndm hgc, BO GD& DT dd ban hdnh nhilu vdn bdn chi dgo, hudng dan nganh GD tilp tyc duy tri sT s6 hgc sinh (HS) dang hgc, hgn che din mdc thip nhit ty Ig phdi hgc lgi ldp vd b6 hgc; nhin mgnh nhi^m vy gidm ti Ig HS bd hgc; chd trgng phy dgo HS ylu; ndm chdc tinh hinh, khdc phyc nguyen nhan HS bd hgc; van dOng nhieu lyc lugng tham gia nhdm duy tri si s6, khdc phyc tinh hrgng bd hoc Tuy nhien, myc tieu do dang g§p nhilu khd khdn bit cap, trong dd cd vi^c HS bd hgc, nhit la d cdc vung sdu, vung xa, dilu kign kinh te - xd hgi (KT- XH) cdn khd khdn, phdc tgp. Huygn An Phd (tinh An Giang) la mgt vdng sdng nude, gidp bien vdi Cdmpuchia, KT-XH chua phdt triln, dang phdi duong diu vdi nhQng thu thdch do.
Tgi An Giang, ndm hgc 2 0 1 2 - 2 0 1 3 , toan tinh cd 6.057 HS bd hgc (cd 2.490 HS trung hgc ca sd (THCS), ti Ig hon 40%) thi huygn An Phu cd 712 HS bd hgc d hai cip tieu hgc va THCS (cd
489 HS THCS, ti Ig han 68%).
Bd hgc dugc xem Id mgt hanh dgng cda ngudi hge khdng thye hi$n chuong trinh hgc tgp theo mgt tieu chuin dd duge xdc djnh. Bd hgc hilu mgt cdch dan gidn la "khdng di hgc"
ntta. Ddy Id mgt van de lien quan den nhieu yeu to KT-XH, vdn hda, loi song, cd nguyen nhdn khdch quan vd chd quan, nguyen nhdn trong va ngodi nhd trudng, Phin Idn HS bd hgc do gia dinh chua ho^c khdng quan tdm dung mdc, chua tao dieu kign ho^c cdn trd vigc hgc tap cda con em. Bdn thdn HS chua th|lt sy cd nhgn thdc dung trong vigc hgc tap vd ren luyen, ehua du kinh nghigm de nhdn thay nhiing hdu qua ciia vigc bd hge doi vdi sy phdt triln cda minh sau nay.
Dieu kign KT-XH, mdi trudng song, nh&ng m§t trai cua cugc sing hudng thy,... dang Id tdc dgng Idn ddi vdi HS va gia dinh, lam cho cdc em bd hgc. Ket qua hgc tap, ren luy^n, hogt dgng cda nha trudng, dieu kign gidng day va hgc tgp chua thyc sy ldm cho HS thiy "moi ngdy den trudng Id mgt ngdy vui, hgc tap de ngay mai ldp nghigp", nhat la vdi nhQng em hgc yeu, hodn cdnh khd khdn. Phdng chong tinh trgng HS bo hgc la qud trinh sd dung tong hgp cde giai phdp, bign phdp higu qua nhit dugc cdc co sd GD, nhd trudng, cdn bg qudn ly GD, giao vien (GV), gia dinh va cac lyc lugng khac trong vigc t l chdc, giup dd nhQng HS cd dau higu, nguy ca bo hgc ho$c bd hgc trd lgi trudng tiep tyc hgc t§p. Vi vgy, cdng tdc nay cin thuc hign mgt each cd he
T4P CHt THI^BIGlAO DVC-sd 101-1/2014 • 51
thong, khoa hoc, hgp ly vd khd thi, tu vigc xdc dinh myc ti6u, xay dung ke hoach, sdp xep cd to chdc thyc hign, xdy dyng cac giai phdp hoat dgng, kiem tra ddnh gid,...
2. Ndng cao chit lugng, higu qud cdng tdc phdng chong tinh trang HS bd hge d huygn An Phu, cin phdi thyc hi^n h^ thing giai phdp cd tinh dong bg, kha thi, phu hgp vdi diyc tiln cda dia phuang cila cd hg thong chinh tri vdi vai trd ndng e l t la cac trudng THCS.
2.1. Nang cao nhan thdc ve vi tri, vai tro cda tri thdc, cda vigc hgc dii vdi viec ndng cao ddi song cda moi ca nhan, gia dinh, xa hgi. "Dau tu cho GD Id diu tu cho phdt triln", "Vi lgi ich trdm nam phdi trong ngudi", "Du khd khdn gian kho den ddu cimg phdi thi dua dgy tdt, hgc tdt",...
phdi trd thdnh nhgn thdc vd hanh dgng cda tat cd mgi ngudi. Qudn tri$t trach nhigm cda m5i tgp the, cd nhdn vl vigc phdng chong tinh trgng bd hgc cda HS THCS, nhgn thdc dugc tdc hgi cua vigc khdng di hgc, hgc van thap, bd hge se dnh hudng den cudc song hign tai vd tuong lai cda HS, ciia gia dinh, ciia xd hOi. HS bo hgc de sa vdo vi phgm phap lu^t t§ ngn xd hgi do thilu hilu biet.
Qudn trigt cho cdn bg quan ly^, GV, nhdn vien v l vi tri quan trgng cda vigc ndng cao nhdn thdc, y thuc trdch nhigm ve vigc phdng ching trinh trgng bd hgc cda HS THCS. Phoi hgp chat chS vdi cdc cip chinh quyin, td chuc xa hgi, cae edng ty, nhd may va gia dinh dk uon nin nhttng quan nigm sai ring khdng cin hgc den nai den chon van cd vigc ldm, hgn chl vigc tuyIn dung lao ddng chua den tuli lao dOng vdo ldm viec d cac CO sd sdn xuat.
2.2. Trien khai tot vi|c xdy dyng ke hogch, ehuang trinh cdng tac phdng ching tinh trgng HS bd hgc. Hodn thign, bo sung, ndng cao chit lugng, higu qud cdc gidi phap quan ly, ldm tot vigc thu thdp thong tin ve thyc trgng HS bd hoc;
phdn tich, dy bao, xdc dinh dung nguyfin nhan nhttng HS cd nguy co bd hgc. Phdt huy vai trd cdng tac chu nhigm ldp, tim hieu dja phuong, hoan cdnh gia dinh eda tiing HS. Phoi hgp to chdc trien khai phdng chong HS bd hgc d tren cdc ITnh vyc hoat dgng cda cdc xd, phudng, ap,
ll « TAP CHt THlfFBIGlAO DVC-sd 101-1/2014
cdc td chdc dodn thi, cdc ton gido, d cdc dia bdn kenh rgch, m}et vudn, vdng bien gidi. Ndng eao ndng lyc, boi dudng kiln thdc, phuang phdp, ky ndng hoat dgng cho cdn bd, GV kiem nhiem, cgng tdc vien v l cdng tdc phdng ching tinh trgng HS bd hgc. Phdt huy vai trd cua can bg nghi huu, hdi cuu chien binh, nha su, cdn b6 phy ntt, thdnh vien cda to chuc khuyen hgc,... de lam rit t i t GD, phong trao khuyin hgc vd viec phdng chong HS bd hgc.
2.3. Phong chong tinh trgng HS bd hgc co higu qua ben vung chinh la dy bdo, phat hign, ngdn ngda dugc nguyen nhdn din din tinh trang tren. Dd la nhiing nguySn nhan td xd hgi, td nha trudng, tu gia dinh va td HS.
a) Nguyen nhdn xa hgi la nhihig thay ddi vl KT-XH, ddc bigt td khi chuyin sang nln kinh t l thj trudng, nhihig quan hg xa hdi HSn quan den tri thdc - kinh te - thu n h | p - ddi song, nhihig quan niem v l cuOc song, v l hudng thy, nhimg eo hgi kiem tiln d l ddng (tre em cung cd thi kilm song bdng viec di nhdt phi lieu, ban ve so, lam thue, khai thdc thdy sdn tren kSnh rgch, mdt nh§t Ida,...). Khdng cd ddi song kinh t l tit, gia dinh vd HS cdn ngheo ddi thi khdng the ddm bdo cho vigc hgc tap dugc tot. Vi v|y, cde x3, thi trin, cdc cyn dan cu cua huygn An Phd phdi phdt trien ddi sing KT- XH, xda ddi giam ngheo, ndng cao chit lugng hg ting giao thdng tgo thu§n lgi cho HS den trudng. Md rgng, phdt trien cdc trudng dgy nghe, cdc trudng trung hge p h i thdng, trung tdm giao dye thudng xuyen d l thu hdt mdt bO phgn Idn HS THCS tilp tuc dugc hgc tap. Ddy mgnh xd hgi hda phdng ching tinh trgng HS bd hgc, xem ddy Id nhi^m vy de phdt triln KT- XH. Tuyfin truyin, vdn dgng cgng ding, cdc cip chinh quyin, to chdc dodn the xd hgi, tdn gido, hgi khuyin hgc, phy huynh, ede nhd hao tam,...
ho trg, giup dd HS ngheo, dng hO nhd trudng ve tinh thin, vdt chat, tham gia cdng tdc phong ching HS bd hgc.
b) Han che nhttng nguyen nhdn liSn quan den nha trudng bdng vigc ndng cao vai trd, trach nhigm cua higu trudng, GV, eac t l chuc dodn thi trong vigc xay dyng trudng hgc thdn thi^n, HS
tich eye dk thu hdt cac em den Idp. Ldm tot cdng tdc khdo sdt chit lugng diu vdo, cd cdc bign phdp phu hgp vdi nhttng HS ylu kem,^hoi hgp vdi gia dinh t l chdc boi dudng, khdng d l HS ylu k ^ thdi gian dai, din din chdn nan rli bd hgc.
Cong khai hda thyc trgng GD, chit lugng hgc tgp cua HS d l xd hgi ndm dugc thdng tin chinh xdc, tham gia ndng cao chit lucmg GD toan dien cua nhd trudng. Thuc hien tot phong trao "Hai khfing", "Xdy dyng trudng hge thdn thign, HS tich eye", phong trao "gidp bgn hgc tap", tgo dyng mdi trudng su phgm, ky cuang nen nep cua hirdng, "m§i ngay den trudng la mgt ngdy vui". Ddm bdo e a sd vgt chat, tdi chinh cho cdng tdc dieu tra, khdo sdt, kiem tra, ddnh gid higu qud, ndm tinh hinh HS bd hgc cQng nhu vi^c v$n dgng, tuySn truyen, GD, Thanh l§p vd qudn l^ tot cdc qup ho trg HS ngheo, gdp khd khdn, T I chdc ho|c long gh^p tong ket, ddnh gid, rdt bdi hgc kinh nghigm qudn ly phdng chong HS b6 hgc,
c) Hgn chl nguySn nhdn td gia dinh, phii hgp nhd trudng, gia dinh vd xa hdi gidp dd HS ngheo dugc din ldp, tuyen truyen dgng vien gia dinh tilp tyc cho con den trudng, dgng vien giup dd HS vugt khd, say me hgc t | p . Phdt triln kinh tl gia dinh, xda ddi gidm ngheo, xdy dyng gia dinh hieu hgc Id mdt trong nhQng d$ng lyc quan trgng dl phdng chong cd higu qud tinh trgng HS bo hge. Nlu gia dinh HS g§p khd khdn trong cu§c song (cha mg ngheo, that bgi trong Idm dn kinh te; ngudi thdn sa vdo tg ngn xd hgi, phgm phdp, gia dinh ly hon, ly tdn,...) sS la tdc nhdn Idm HS bd hgc. Neu guang nhttng gia dinh vugt khd cho con em hgc tap thdnh dgt; co vQ phong trdo xdy dyng gia dinh vdn hda d khu dan cu;
gia dinh hilu hgc, cdu Igc bO ngudi Idn guong miu, tre em chdm ngoan; ddng hg hieu hgc, to chdc khuyin hge,....; phe phan, xd ly, gido dye nhttng ngudi co tinh, diilu trdch nhigm, can trd thyc hign quyen vd nghTa vu hge tap cda tre em, bit tre em di lao dgng trudc tuli. Cdi tien hogt dgng Ban dgi di^n Cha mg HS, tgo moi quan hg ch$t chS gitta gia dinh vd nhd trudng, thyc hign yeu cau "3 biit": biit tinh hinh hgc tap, dao due
eua con em minh d l phoi hgp GD; biet tinh hinh hogt d0ng vd khd khdn cua nhd trudng de tham gia ho trg; biet nhihig chu truong, chinh sdch ve cdng tdc GD d l cung thyc hign.
d) Han chl nhung nguyen nhdn tilm an va cd khd nang cao trong vigc gdy nen tinh trang bd hgc cua HS. Nhttng nguyen nhdn khdc cd the bgc Id ra ngodi, nhung nguyen nhdn td phia HS nhieu khi dugc giiu kin, khdng dugc phdt hign do ngudi Idn, cha mg, nha trudng, xd hgi,... khdng ndm dugc sy diln biln trong quy ludt nhdn thdc, tdm Iy, tinh cdm cda HS Ida tudi THCS. Cin phdi tao dieu kign, mdi trudng vd du lugn cho HS cd nghi lyc vd ^ chi vugt qua nhimg khd khdn de kien tri vdi vigc hgc tap; phdtjiuy tinh chu dgng, ty giac, sdng tgo cua HS trong qud trinh chilm Imh tri thuc, ren tuygn ky ndng, hodn thign nhan cdch, ty minh cd the dng phd vdi nhiing thu thdch, khd khdn cda cugc song. Quan tdm tdi cdc nhdm, cdc tap the HS trong cugc song de cirng chia se, phdt hign, ngdn ngda HS bd hgc.
3. Phdng ching tit tinh trgng HS bd hgc Id mgt trong nhttng bign phdp gdp phin thdc diy phdt diln GD, phdt triln KT-XH cda huygn An Phd.
Ngodi vai tro ehu chit, diu mli cua cdc trudng THCS, doi vcd cdc co quan qudn 1^ GD cip trSn, cin tilp tyc chi dgo v | n dyng n$i dung chuong trinh vd phuang phdp dgy hgc phu hgp voi timg doi tugng, timg dia ban cda huygn An Phu, cd kl hogch t l chuc ldp hgc linh hogt, phu hgp vdi vung cd tgp qudn ldm dn theo miia vy; dp dyng vi^c gidm tdi ehuang trinh, ngi dung sdch gido khoa. Tiep tyc diu tu cd higu qud ca sd vat chat, thiet bi dgy hgc;
xdy dung trudng dgt chuin quoc gia, tgo cdnh quan su pham, mdi trudng thdn thign dl thu hut HS.
Duy tri cdng tdc pho cap GD tilu hgc dung d§ tuli va phd egp THCS tien tdi phi cap trung hgc pho thdng; khdng chgy theo thanh tich, hinh thdc dong GD, thuc hi^n tot cdng tdc hudng nghiep, phdn luong giup HS dinh hudng con dudng hgc tap phu h ^ vdi kha ndng, dieu kign cda bdn didn, gia dinh, dia phuang va xa h^i. Lam tot vai trd tham muu, phii hgp vdi cip ixy, chinh quyen, ban ngdnh, dodn the cac cap de thyc hign cdc bign phap hgn chl tii da tinh trgng HS bd hgc.
TAP CHt THI^BIGlAO DVC-sd 101-1/2014 • 53
TAI LI|:U THAM KHAO dgi hda trong dieu kign kinh te th] tnrdng dinh 1. Dang Cgng sdn Viet Nam , Nghi quylt hudng xd hgi chu nghia vd hOi nh$p quoc te, so 29-NQ/TW ngay 4/11/2013 cda Hgi nghi (2013)
lan thd 8, Ban Chip hdnh Trung uong khda XI 2. Trin Kiem, Khic phye hgc kem gidi phdp ve doi mdi edn ban, toan dien gido dye vd ddo ngdn ngda luu ban bd hgc cda hgc sinh, Tgp chi tgo, ddp ung ySu ciu cdng nghiep hda, hign Nghien cdu gido dye, so 11/1994. (1994)
SUf DUNG KIEN
T H O CLIEN MON... (ruptheotran^m
Mdn hpc N$i dung bdi hpc Thd'i gian Cdc n$i dung triing l$p
Mdn Dja li Bdi 16 E)$c di^m dSn s6 vd phdn b6 ddn cirnifd'cta
L6p12-THPT
Bdi 17; Lao dOng vd vi#c l^m
Ldp 12-THPT
Mdn GDCD Bdi 11:Chinh sdch ddn s i , gidi quyit vl$c Idm L6p11-THPT - Tinh hinh ddn sd miitc ta
- Tinh hinh vi$c Idm cua nudrc ta hi$n nay
- M$t s6 biln phdp gidi quySt sCr dgng hi$u qud ngu6n nhdn l^rc vd gidi quyit vi^c ldm.
Cac n^i dung c6 thi tich hqrp nhir: t\r hoan thi$n minh b ^ than, cac quy iuat Icinh tl, cdc chinh sach vl dSn so va giai quylt vifc 1dm,...
Ho§c dl tdng tinh th^rc tiln cua bai hoc, GV CO thi tich h^p cac phucmg hudng, chinh sdch, vdn kifn, cdc dilu luat vl su d\mg tai nguyen thien nliiSn vd bdo v? m6i trucmg,..a trong bdi 12, GDCDll- THPT vdo bdi 14 ( Su; dyng vd bdo V5 tai nguyen thien nhiSn) va bail 5 (Bdo vf M6i trucmg va Phong chong thien tai), Dja li I2-THPT. Khi to churc cho HS tim hilu vd nh§n thiic sau sdc ca hpi vd thdch thirc cua cong CU0C HOi nhap qu6c te vd khu v^c ( Bdi 1, Dja li 12- Vi^t Nam tren dudng Boi moi vd H§i nh$p), GV cd thi tich hgrp npi dung bdi 15, GDCD 11 (Chinh sdch d6i ngo?i) vd bai 16, GDCD 10 (T\r hoan thif n ban than) de xay dyng bdi todn nhgn thilc cho HS.
Nhu vjy, mon Dja li vd mon GDCD Id nhihig m6n hpc co tinh lien m5n cao, kien thiic ciia mon hgc ndy co the t?o ra tinh khoa hpc, tinh thyc tien cila mon hpc kia. Biet long ghep kiln thuc mon Dja ly vao mon GDCD se gop phin ren luy?n va phdt triln ndng lyc vjn dyng cdc kiln thirc Dja li vdo thyc tien, giup HS hieu va thyc hifn tot cdc ducmg loi, chii trucmg, chinh sdch, phdp lujt cua Ddng vd Nhd nude. Tuy nhien, mpt so npi dung lien m6n giila hai mon
hpc con chua hpp li ve th6i gian, d6i khi con ch6ng ch6o ve nOi dung, dilu ndy gdy nhilu kh6 khdn GV vd tinh himg thii khi hpc tdp cda HS._
m . Ket ludn
Sur dyng kiln thitc lien m5n trong d?y hpc Dja li vd GDCD b nhd tru6ng ph6 thong la mpt trong nhflng bi?n phdp g6p phan thyc hi$n cong cupc doi mi5i phucmg phdp gidng d?y b$ m6n a nhd trucmg ph6 th5ng. Ddc bi^t th6ng qua d6 tdng tinh thyc tien cia cdc mon hpc, g6p phan dSc lyc vdo vi$c giiip nguoi hpc hilu dupe quyen vd trdch nhipm cua moi cSng ddn doi veil vipc xdy dyng vd bdo vj To qu6c.
TAI Lif U THAM KHAO 1. BO Gido dye vd Ddo t?o. Gido dye Cong ddn 10,11,12. NXB Gido dye, ndm 2012
2. BO Giao dye vd Ddo tjio. Chucmg trinh gido dye pho thdng mon Dja li. NXB Gido dye, ndm 2006
3. Bp Gido dye vd Ddo tjio. Dja li 10,11,12.
NXB Gido dye, ndm 2012
4. Dinh Vdn Diic, Duong Thj Thiiy Nga.
Phucmg phdp d^iy hpc mdn Gido dye C6ng dan b trudng trung hpc ph6 thdng, NXB Dji hpc Su phgm, ndm 2011
5. Trin Bd Hodnh. Dgy hpc tieh hpp, www.
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