KHOA HOC CONG NGHE
AIMH HUOIMG CUA LIEU LUQIXIG CHLORATE KALI LEIXI S U RA HOA IXIHAIM E-DOR [Dimocarpus longan L.) O
CAC DO T U d i CAY KHAC IVHAU TAI HUYEIV CHAU THAIMH, TilVH DOIVG THAP
Nguygn Thanh DuyS T r ^ Sy Hieu^ T r ^ Van Hau^
TOMTAT
De tai duoc thuc hien nham xac djnh lieu lirgng chlorate kali cd hieu qua len su ra hoa nhan E-Dor 8 va 11 nam tuoi trong vu nghich, Itr thang 02/2018 den fliang 02/2019 lai huy^n Chau Thanh, tinh Ddng Thap. Thi nghiem thira so hai nhan to duoc bd tri theo the thiic khSi hoan toan ng&u nhien, ba lan lap lai, m6i l^p lai 40 cay. Nhan td thti nhat la lieu luong chlorate kali (KCIO,) gom nam lieu luong la: 50, 100, 150, 200 g / m duong kinh tan (dkt) va ddi cbtrng xu ly theo lieu luong cua nong dan (130 va 170 g / m dkt ddi vol cjly 8 va 11 nam tudi, theo thtr tu). Nhan td thtr hai la do tudi cay gdm 2 do tudi: cay 8 va 11 nam tudi. Chlorate kali dugc ap dung b i n g each tudi vao dat, xung quanh tan cay. Ket qua cho thay ty le chop r^ cay nhan ch6t d giai doan 3 ngay sau khi xtr ly tang dan ciing voi su tang lieu luong xu ly chlorate kah va dat ty le cao nhat (47,7%) b lieu lugng 200 g / m dkt. Cay 8 nam tudi c6 ty le chop r^ chet cao hon so vot cay 11 nam tudi. Co s u tuong tac giua heu luong chlorate kah va tudi cay len ty le ra hoa. Cay 8 nam tudi xii ly 50 g / m dkt co ty le ra hoa (87,9%) tuong duong voi xii ly 150 g / m dkt tren cay 11 nam tudi. Xu ly chlorate kali voi lieu lugng 100 g / m dkt CO ty le ra hoa tren 90% va dat nang suat cao hon nghiem thuc xii ly 50 g / m dkt nhung ty le ra hoa va nang suat khong tang khi tang liSu lugng xu ly chlorate kali len 150 hay 200 g / m d k t Cay 8 nam tuoi co ty le ra hoa cao hon cay 11 nam tudi nhrnig nang suat thi ngugc lai. Xu ly chlorate kali b cac lieu luong khac nhau tren cay nhan E-Dor 8 va 11 nam tudi khdng anh hudng len "Bnx, TA va ham luong duong tdng sd cua thit trai.
Tir khda: Chlorate kali, diet cliop re. nhan E-Dor (Diniocaropus longan L), tu6i cay, ty le ra hoa.
1.M0BAU ^^'^^ *^^y trdng khac. Theo Borges et al (2004), hd thdng khu nttrat dong mot vai trd quan trong trong doc tinh cua chlorate ti'ong thuc vat, trong do chlorate bi khtr bdi mtrat reductase thanh chloric hoac hypochlorite doc hai cao va sau do tlianh chlorua khdng doc. Ben canh do, hda chat nay con duoc su dung de diet cd hoac lam rung la. Tuy nhien, cay nhan E-Dor khdng ra hoa trong di^u kien tu nhien cung nhu khi xu ly bang bien phap khoanh canh ma chi ra hoa khi dugc xit ly bang chlorate kali (Tran Van Hau, 2009). Vi vay de tai ^Anh hudng ciia lieu luong chlorate kali len su ra hoa nhan E-Dor (Dimocarpus longan Lour.) o cac do tuoi cay khac nhau tai huyen Chau Thanh, tinh Dong Tha[l' dugc thuc hien nham xac dinh lidu lugng chlorat kali cd hieu qua ra hoa dhai do tuoiSva 11 nam.
Z. PHUONG TIEN VA PHUDNG PHAP Cay n h a n {Dimocarpus longan Lour.) la c a y a n
trai CO gia tri k i n h t e cao, d u o c t r d n g k h a p h o b i e n b d d n g b a n g s o n g C u u L o n g CTran V a n H a u va D o Minh H u a n , 2011). T h e o T o n g c u e T h d n g k e (2019), t o n g dien tich c a y a n trai c a n u o c n a m 2017 t a n g len 923,9 n g h i n h a , t r o n g d o , dien tich n h a n c h i e m 73,3 n g h i n ha. R i e n g h u y e n C h a u T h a n h , tinh D o n g T h a p dien tich t r o n g c a y a n trai t r e n 6.533 h a , t r o n g d o dien tich n h a n la t r e n 3.488 h a ( n h a n E-Dor t r e n 1.610 h a ) . T u y n h i e n , t r o n g van d e xdfly ra h o a , n o n g dan t r o n g n h a n h i e n n a y k h o n g c h u y d e n c a c b i e n p h a p k y t h u a t c a n h tac m a chii y e u l a m d u n g h d a c h a t c h l o r a t e kali n e n s u d u n g vdi li^u l u g n g h d a c h a t rjit Idn, x u h u d n g n g a y c a n g t a n g t h e o d o tudi cay v a dd la m o t n g u y e n n h a n l a m t a n g c h i p h i x u ly r a hoa. H o a c h a t c h l o r a t e k a b cd t a c d u n g q u a n t r o n g
t r o n g viec x u ly r a h o a tuy n h i e n n o c u n g d o c ddi vdi T h i n g h i e m d u o c t h u c hien tai vuon n h a n E-Dor t h t r c v a t ( H u a n g etal., 2006, Lu etal, 2006) va n h t e u 8 va 11 n a m tudi c u a n d n g d a n tai h u y e n C h a u
^ T h a n h , tinh D o n g T h a p , t r o n g vu n g h i c h n a m 2018- ' Hoc vien Cao hoc Khoa hgc cay irdng khoa 24, Trudng 2019. T h i n g h i e m thira SO hai n h a n to d u o c b o tri Dai hoc Can Tho t h e o t h e t h u c k h d i h o a n t o a n n g a u n h i e n
" Khoa Nong nghiep, Trudng Dai hgc Can Tha
NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - KY 1 - THANG 8/2019 23
KHOA HOC CdNG NGHE (Randomized complete block design - RCBD). Nhan
to thti nhat la li^u lugng KCIO3 (A) gdm nam lieu luong: 50, 100, 150, 200 g/m duong kinh tan va doi chung xu ly theo b^u lugng cua ndng dan 0 cay 8 va 11 nam tiioi theo thu tu lan lugt la 130 g/m va 170 g/m duong kinh tan, nhan to thu hai la tudi cay (B) gdm 2 dd tuoi: cay 8 va 11 nam tudi. Cay 8 nam co chigu cao va duong kinh tan trung binh theo thii tu lan luot la 3,04 m va 5,09 m; cay 11 nam tuoi cd chidu cao va duong kinh trung binh tuong ung la 4,20 m va 6,70 m. Thi nghiem co ba lap lai dugc bd tri d- ba xa An Nhon, Phti Huu va An Phu Thuan thudc huyen Chau Thanh, tinh Dong Thap, mdi lap lat co 40 cay, tong cong thi nghiem co 120 cay.
Cac chi tieu theo dot bao gdm: chat dam dugc do bang phuong phap Kjeldahl; carbon do bang phuong phap cua AOAC, 1984; duong do bang phuong phap tro hda cua Dubois et al., 1956; tinh hot do bang phuong phap Coomb et al (1987); ty le ra hoa dugc uoc lugng bang each dem sd choi ra hoa tren tong so chdi trong bdn khung (1 x 1 m) xung quanh tan cay;
tren mdi cay danh dau ng^u nhien 5 phat hoa co kich thudc tuong ddi dong deu nhau de quan sat va ghi nhan ngay no hoa tap trung khi cd hon 50% sd hoa tren phat hoa da no; ngay ket thuc no hoa khi cd hon 90% phat hoa c6 toan bo hoa da rung canh; ty le chop r^ chet 3 ngay sau khi xu ly dugc ghi nhan bang each dem ty le chop re bi nau hay den (ren tong sd chop r^ trong ring cd duong kinh 5 cm. Dung nng lay mhi dat o do sau 0-5 cm, mdi cay lay ba mau xung quanh tan cay. Mau dat duoc ngam va rua sach dat sau dd dem ty le chop r^ bi chet tren tdng so chop re trong dng ring. Nang suat dugc thu thap bang each can tong so trai thu dugc tren cay; khdi luong trung binh trai, pham chat trai ("Brtx, tong acid (TA) duoc ghi nhan bang each thu nam trai/chiim/cay, mot cay thu 5 chum tuong ung vdi 5 phat hoa da danh dau ttr trudc, tdng cong 25 trai/cay.
Quy trinh canh tac, thai diem va phuong phap xu ly KClO-j dugc thuc hien theo quy trinh cua Trdn Van Hau vactv. (2012).
3 . KET QUA VA THAO LOAN
3.1. Dac diem sinh hda trong la dirdc khi xu ly KCIO3
Ham luong dam tong so trong la khac biet khdng y nghia thdng ke giiia cac li^u lugng KCIO3 va
tudi cay nhung lai cd su tuong tac giua hai nhan td nay (Bang 1). Ham luong dam trong la trung binh cua cac nghiem thuc la 1,13%, day la dieu kien thuan lgi de cay nhan E-Dor ra hoa tdt vi neu ham luong dam > 2% vao gtai doan tiirdc khi ra hoa se lam cay ra hoa rat it hoac khong ra hoa (DiczbaUs and Drinnan, 2007).
Ham lugng carbon va ty sd C/N b thdi diem trudc khi xir ly ra hoa khac biet khdng cd y nghia vd mat thong ke giiia cac U&u luong KClOs xir ly va do tuoi cay, ddng thoi su tuong tac giiia hai nhan td cung khdng co y nghia thong ke (Bang 1). Ham lugng cac chat carbohydrate dir trii duoc cot nhu la y^u to gidi ban cua sir ra hoa va phat trien trai tren cay than gd (Monselise and Goldshmidt. 1982). Tren cay nhan va vai, ham lugng carbohydrate khdng cau true dugc tich luy tnroc khi hinh thanh hoa (Thunyarpar, 1998). Ham lugng carbon trung binh cua nhan E-Dor trudc khi xii ly ra hoa la 38,1%.
Nghien cuu tren cay nhan E-Dor, Tran Van Hau va civ. (2012) thay rang ham luong carbon tong sd trong la nhan 41 ngay tuoi la 53% b thdi diem trudc khi xii ly ra hoa vdi ty le ra hoa 97,6%. Theo Corbesier etal. (2002), ti sd C/N la mgty^u td quan trgng trong ra hoa. Ham luong carbohydrate cao va dam thap dan den C/N cao giup cho cay ra hoa, dam cao dan d^n C/N thap kich thich ra la.
Ham luong duong tdng sd va tmh hot trong la khac biet khdng cd y nghia thong ke giiia cac li^u luong chlorate kali va tuoi cay nhung khac biet cd y nghia thdng ke d mtic y nghia 1% d nhan to tudi cay.
Cay 8 nam tuoi cd ham lugng duong va tmh hot trong la cao hon cay 11 nam tuoi (Bang 1). Tren nhan Xudng Com Vang, ham luong duong tdng so trung binh trong la la 0,8% (Tran Van Hau va ctv., 2012).
Theo Chen va Gang (2004) vao luc bat dau phan hda mam hoa ham lugng duong fructose tang ro ret, ham luong duong sucrose luc dau tang nhung sau do giam lai. Lieu luong KC10-,i khong tuong tac vdi miic do tuoi cay b cac chi tieu ham luong carbon, tl sd C/N, ham luong duong tdng sd va tinh bdt trong la.
Tom lai, ham lugng cac chat ddng hoa trong la nhan E-Dor d thdi diem trudc khi xtr ly hda chat khac biet khdng cd y nghia giiia cac nghiem thtic h^u luong xu ly chlorate kab nhung ham lugng duong va tinh hot b cay 8 nam cao hon so vdi cay 11 nam tuoi.
NONG NGHtEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - KY 1 - THANG 8/2019
KHOA HOC CONG NGHl
Bang 1. Hjlm lupng carbon, ti so C/N, h ^ lugng duong, tinh bot trong Id nhan E-Dor 8 v4 11 nSm tudi m6t ngiy trudc khi m 1^ KCIO, tai huytn Chau Thanh, tinh B6ng Thap, nam 2019
Nghiem thiic lieulugrngKClO, (A) Doi chiing 50 g/m dkt 100 g/m dkt 150 g/m dkt 200 g/m dkt
Trung binh A Tudi cay (B) 8 nam tudi 11 nam tudi
Trung binh B F(A) F(B) F(AxB)
CVOS)
Ham luong N
(%)
1,1 1,2 1,1 1,2 1,1 1,1 1,1 1,1 1,1 ns ns 7,4
'
Ham luong C(%)
38,2 38,1 38,0 38,2 38,1 38,1 38,0 38,2 38,1 ns ns ns 1,4
Ty sd C/N 33,8 33,5 34,6 33,3 34,4 33,9 33,9 34,0 34,0 ns ns ns 7,8
Ham luong duong (%)
2,2 1,9 2,1 1,9 1,9 2,0 2,2"
1,8' ns ns
»»
35,4
Ham luong tinh bdt (%)
2,3 2,2 2,2 2,1 2,3 2,2 2,4"
2,1'' ns
» •
ns 16 Trong Cling mot cot, cac sd co chd so theo sau gidng nhau thi khac biet khong co y nghia thong ke theo phep thu Duncan ISD d muc y nghia 5%; ns: khac biet khong co y nghia thdng k&, **: khac biet co y nghia thdngke omucy nghia 1%.
3.2. Ty 16 ch6p r^ bi ch^t
Quan sat tneu chiing thiet hai cua r§ do tac dong ctia chlorate kali cho thay chi cd rh non bi hai, tren r6 gia khdng thay trieu chung bi thiet hai. Trieu chiing thiet hai cua re non dugc ghi nhan vao thdi diem 3 ngay sau khi xu ly (Hinh 1). Tren rd non, phan non nhat cua rh dac biet phan chop rk bi nau den.
!6jc I '
-Jf-Q
, - s ; •• ) C * -
K
0 0
1 iini
Hinh 1. Tlu6t hai cua chdp r l sau 3 ng^y dudi anh hudng ciia Mu lirpng xii ly chlorate kali trgn cay nhan &Dor 8 v^ 11 nSm tudi tai huy^n ChSu Th^nh,
tinh D6ng Tliap, nam 2019
Hinh 2. Ty le (%) chop r^ bi ch^t b thdi Mm 3 ngjty sau khi xu ly chlorate kali a nhung li^u lugng khac nhau tren cSy nhan E-Dor 8 va 11 nam tu6i tai huyen
Chau Thanh, tinh Dong Thdp, nam 2019 Chii thich: Cac so co chu sd theo sau gidng nhau thi khac biet khong co y nghia thong ke theo phep thu Duncan d muc y nghia 5%
Qua hinh 2 cho thay ty le chop xk hi chet sau 3 ngay xii ly khac biet co y nghia thong ke d cac U^u lugng KC10:J va tuoi cay nhung khong cd su tuong tac giiia 2 nhan td nay. Xii ly KCIO:, vdi li^u lugng 50 g/m dkt cd ty le chop r l chet 31,2% va cao nhat la 47,7% khi xu ly vdi li^u lugng 200 g/m dkt. Li^u lugng xu ly KClOj cd tuong quan thuan voi ty le chop NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - KY 1 - THANG 8/2019 25
KHOA HOC CONG NGHE
Ti chet (r=0,49**). Trong khi dd, cay 8 nam tudi (46,5%) cd ty le chop r j chet cao hon so vdi cay U nam tudi (32,3%). Xu ly ra hoa nhan Xudng Com Vang, Trin Van Hau va ctv. (2012) nhan thSy khi xu ly chlorate kah vdi lieu luong 36 g/m duong kinh tan thi ty le chop r i bi chet tuong ling la 17,1%. Lu etaj.
(2017) cho rang khi xii ly KCIO, qua cao se lam cho cay bi ngo ddc, rung la va khong ra hoa. Do dd, cjn xu ly chorale kali vdi lidu luong thich hop de cay ra hoa nhung it anh hudng den rd (Trjn Van Hau, 2009).
3.3, Qua trinh no hoa va ty le ra hoa 3.3.1. Qua trinh n&hoa
liipii;
Hinh 3. Thdi gian tir khi xu ly hoa d^n khi no hoa tap trung dudi anh huong cua heu luong xu ly chlorate kali tr^n cay nhan E-Dor 8 va 11 nSm tuoi tai huy^n
Chau Tlianh, tinh Ddng Thap, nam 2019 Chu thich: Cac sd CO chu' sd theo sau gidng nhau thi khac biet khong co y nghia thdng ke theo phep thu Duncan o muc y nghia 5%
Quan sat thdi gian tir khi xii ly chlorate kali den khi hoa nd tap trung giua cac heu luong KC10-. va tuoi cay cho thay cd su khac biet cd y nghia thdng ke d miic y nghia 1% nhung su tuong tac giiia hat nhan td khdng cd y nghia thong ke (Hinh 3). Thoi gian no
xu ly tii 50 g/m duong kinh tan den 200 g/m dkt Cay 11 nam tuoi cd thdi gian no hoa tap trung trung binh la 53 ngay sdm hon so vdi cay 8 nam tudi (Hmh 3). Thoi gian nd hoa ciia nhan chiu su chi phdi cua nhiet do tai cho. Nhiet do no hoa cao, thoi gian no- hoa ngan va tap trung, nguoc lai nhiet do thap thdi gian nd hoa keo dai (Tran Th^ Tuc, 2000). Manochai et al (2010) cho rang thdi gian tii khi xu ly den khi nhu hoa trong miia lanh gap doi so vdi mua he va mua mua theo thti tu lan luot la 45,4, 23,0 va 22,5 ngay. Ket qua tren cho thay, b^u lugng chlorate kali va tuoi cay c6 anh hudng den thoi gian no hoa tap trung ciia nhan E-Dor.
3.3.2. Tylerahoa
Kfet qua b bang 2 cho thay ty le ra hoa giiia cac nghiem thtic heu lugng chlorate kab xii ly va tudi cay khac biet co y nghia thdng ke 6- miic y nghia 1%. Ty le ra hoa cua nghiem thtic xu ly 100 g/m dkt khac biet cd y nghia so vdi nghiem thiic xii ly 50 g/m dkt nhung khac biet khong cd y nghia vdi nghiem thtic 150 va 200 g/m dkt va doi chiing cua nong dan. Cay 8 nam tudi cd ty le ra hoa cao hon cay 11 nam tuoi.
Tuy nhien, co su tuong tac giiia lieu lugng KClGj va tudi cay d miic y nghia 5%. Ty le ra hoa cay 8 nam tuoi khi xir ly chlorate kab vdi lugng tir 50 den 150 g/m dkt khac biet khong co y nghia thdng ke nhimg khac biet khi tang b^u lugng len 200 g/m dkt. Trong khi do, tren cay 11 nam tuoi xii ly 150 g/m dkt c6 ty le ra hoa khac biet co y nghia so vdi nghiem thiic 50 g/m dkt. K6t qua nay cho thay rang tren cay 8 nam tudi chi can xii ly KCIO3 voi li^u luong 50 g/m dkt nhung tren cay 11 nam tuoi phai xu ly 150 g/m dkt mdi dat ty le ra hoa tuong tu.
hoa tap trung tang theo heu luong chlorate kab dugc
Bang 2. Ty I^ ra hoa (90 dudi anh hudng cua h^u lugng xii \^ chlorate kali trto cay nhan E-Dor 8 va 11 nSm tudi tai huy6n Chau Thanh, tinh Dong Thap, nam 2019
Tudi cay (B) 8 nam 11 nam Trung binh (A) F(A) F(B) F(AxB) CV(%)
Lidu luong KCIO, (g/m duong kinh tan) (A) DC
95,3"
76,9''"
86,1' 50 87,9"
63,6' 75,7'
100 gi,?"' 78,6'"
85,2' 150 91,9"' 82,7"' 87,3"
200 95,2' 85,6'' 90,4"
** **
10,8
*
Trung binh (B) 92,4' 77,5'
Trong cung mot hang, cac sd co chu sd theo sau gidng nhau thi khac biet khong co y nghia thdng ke theo phep thu Duncan 0miic y nghia 5%; * * *• khac biet co y nghia thdng ke omucy nghia 5% va 1%.
KHOA HOC CdNG NGHE Ty \& ra hoa tuong quan thuan vdi ty le chop r^
chet (r = 0,673**) nhung tuong quan nghich voi tudi cay (r = -0,581**). Tren cay nhan E-Dor 5 nam tudi, Tran Van Hau va ctv. (2012) nhan thdy ty le ra hoa dat cao nhat vdi 98,6% o lieu lugng chlorate kali dugc xtc ly la 60 g/m duong kinh tan. Diczbalis va Dnnnan (2007) cho rang cac gidng nhdn nhu Kohala, Homestead, Biew Kiew va See-Chompoo d^u nhay cam vdi chlorate kalt khi xii ly lln dau tien va dap img rat tdt trong mita thuan. Tuy nhien, cung vdi lieu lugng chlorate kali g iSn xir ly ra hoa vu thii hai, ty le ra hoa dat thap hgn. Tren gidng nhan Xudng Com Vang g lan xir ly hda chat thii 3 cho ty le ra hoa thap hon so vdt lan xii ly dau o ciing li4u luong xu ly 24 g/m dkt nhung ty le ra hoa dat tuong duong khi tang lieu luong KCIO3 len 36 g/m dkt CTran Van Hdu va ctv., 2012). Nhu vay, Mu lugng chlorate kali va tuoi cay anh huong den ty 16 ra hoa nhan E-Dor. Nhan E- Dor 8 nam tuoi co th^ xti ly ra hoa vdi luong hda chat la 50 g/m dkt cho ty le ra hoa la 87.9% nhung de dat ty le tuong duong do thi cay nhan E-Dor 11 nam tudi can tang lugng hda chat len la 150 g/m dkt.
3.4. Nang su^t vi thjlnh phdn nang su&
Nang suat trai tren cay cua nhan E-Dor giira cac lieu luong xii ly chlorate kali va tuoi cay khac biet cd y nghia thdng ke nhimg khong co su tuong tac giira hai nhan td (Bang 3). Xu ly vol heu luong 100 g/m dkt cho nang suat khac biet so vdi xir ly voi lieu luong 50 g va ddi chiing nhung khac biet khong cd y nghia so voi nghidm thtic xti ly 150 va 200 g/m dkt.
cay 11 nam tuoi cho nang suat trung binh vdi 105 kg/cay cao hon so vdi cay 8 nam tuoi (74 kg/cay).
Xu ly ra hoa tren cay nhan E-Dor 5 nam tuoi trong miia nang va mita mua voi lieu lugng 60 g/m dkt, Tran Van Hau va ctv. (2012) nhan thay cay nhan cho nang suat lan luot la 93,2 kg/cay va 62,8 kg/cay.
Khdi luong chiim trai trung binh dat 326,3 g, khac biet khdng cd y nghia thdng ke giira lieu lugng xir ly chlorate kali va tuoi cay ciing nhu su tuong tac giiia hai nhan td. Tuong tu, Tran Van Hau va ctv.
(2012) thay rang khdi luong trung binh chiim trai dat 329,3 g/chiim. Khdi lugng trung binh trai b cay 11 nam tuoi (10,6 g) nhd hon so vdi cay 8 nam tuoi (11,3
g) nhung khac biet khdng cd y nghia giua lieu luong xir ly chlorate kah cung nhu khdng cd sir tuong tac giiia hai nhan td (Bang 3). Dieu nay phii vdi nhan dinh ciia Wong (2000), cho ring khdi lugng trung binh ciia trai nhan 5-20 g. Tom lai, U^u luong xu ly chlorate kali 0 cac tuoi cay khac nhau cd anh hudng den nang suat nhan E-Dor. Xu ly chlorate kali voi lieu lugng 100 g/m dkt cho nang suat cao hon 50 g/m dkt nhung khac biet khong co y nghia so vdi xir ly 150 va 200 g/m dkt. Cay 11 nam tudi cho nang suat cao hon so vdi cay 8 nam tuoi.
Bang 3. Nang suat v^ thanh phan nang suit dudi anh huong ciia lieu lugng xir ly chlorate kali trfin cay nhan E-Dor 8 vd 11 nam tudi tai huyen Chau TTianh,
tinh Dong Thap, nam 2019 Nghiem thtic
Li^u lugng KCIO3 (A) Doi chiing 50 g/m dkt 100 g/m dkt 150 g/m dkt 200 g/m dkt Trung binh (A) Tudi cay (B) 8 nam tudi 11 nam tuoi
Trung binh B F ( « F(B) F(AxB)
CV(%) Nang suat/cay
(kg)
83,8"
80,8=
96,3' 94,6*
94,0''
74,4' 105,4-
*
**
ns 22,0
Khdi luong chiim trai (g)
319,4 337,2 313,0 340,1 322,1 326,3 326,1 326,6 326,3 ns ns ns 35,3
Khdi luong trung binh trai
(g)
11,0 11,0 11,2 10,7 10,7 10,9 11,3' 10,6' ns
*
ns 11,6 Trong cung 1 cot, cac sd co chu sd theo sau gidng nhau thi khac biet khong co y nghia thdng ke theo phep thu Duncan a muc y nghia 5%; ns: khac biet khong co y nghia thdng ke; * * *: khac biet co y nghia thdngke dmucynghia 5% va 1%
3.5. Pham chat trai
NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - KY 1 - THANG 8/2019
KHOA HOC CONG NGHE Qua phan tich thdng ke, cac thanh phan pham
chat d ^ nhu °Brix, duong tdng sd va ham lugng acid tong so khac biet khong co y nghia thdng ke b ca hai nhan to tudi cay va bfeu lugng chlorate kali khac nhau (Bang 4). Duong Minh va ctv. (2001) cho rang trai nhan cd do Brix thay dot 15-25%. Difeu nay phu hop vdi do Brk h*ai trong thi nghiem trung binh tren 19%.
Kanaree va Pankasemsuk (2005) cung nhan thay khi xti ly chlorate kab d cac heu lugng 0, 200, 500 va 800 g/cay khong lam anh hudng den cac chi tieu danh gia pham chat. Van de anh hudng den pham chat trai doi vdi cay nhan la phan bdn (Tran Thuong Tuan va ctv., 1994).
Bang 4. Phfci chat trai dudi anh huong ciia lieu lugng xtr 1;?^ chlorate kali tr^n cay nhan E-Dor 8 va 11
nam tuoi tai huyen Chau Hianh, tinh Dong Thap, nam 2019
Nghiem thiic U^u luong KCIO, (A) Ddi chiing 50 g/m dkt 100 g/m dkt 150 g/m dkt 200 g/m dkt
Trung binh (A) Tudi cay (B) S nam tudi 11 nam tudi
Trang binh B F & « F(B) FCAxB)
CVOS)
"Bnx (%)
18,8 19,1 18,9 19,9 19,1 19,2 19,2 19,0 19,1 ns ns ns 7,1
Duong
(%)
8,7 9,4 9,5 9,3 9,0 9,2 9,2 9,3 9,3 ns ns ns 13,8
TA(%)
2,8 3,0 3,0 3,2 3,0 3,0 3,0 3,0 3,0 ns ns ns 16,3 Cac sd CO chd sd theo sau gidng nhau thi khac biet khong cd y nghia thdng ke theo phep thu Duncan d muc y nghia 5%; ns: khac biet khong cd y nghia thdngke
4 . KET LUAN VA BE NGHI 4.1. K^t luan
Ty le chop r i cay nhan chet d giai doan 3 ngay sau khi xii ly tang dan ciing vdi su tang lieu luong xu ly chlorate kaU va dat ty le cao nhat (47,7%) d Ueu
luong 200 g/m dkt Cay 8 nam tudi cd ty le chop r l chet cao hon so vdi cay 11 nam tiidi.
Co su tuong tac giiia beu lugng chlorate kab va tuoi cay len ty le ra hoa. Cay 8 nam tuoi xu ly 50 g/m dkt cd ty le ra hoa (87,9%) tuong duong voi xir ly 150 g/m dkt ti-en cay 11 nam tuoi. Cay 8 nam tuot co ty le ra hoa cao hon cay 11 nam tuoi nhung nang suat thi ngugc lai.
Xir ly chlorate kali b cac lieu luong khac nhau tren cay nhan E-Dor 8 va 11 nam tuoi khong anh hudng len "Brix, TA va ham luong duong tong sd cua thit trai.
4.2. D^ nghi
Cd the xii ly nhan E-Dor ra hoa vu nghich bang bien phap tuoi chlorate kali vao dat ddi vol cay 8 va 11 nam tudi vdi ham lugng la 50 va 150 g/m dkt, theo thii tu. Can nghidn ciru them anh hudng cua KCIO3 b nhimg do tudi cay va miia vu khac nhau trong nam de cd ket luan ddy dii hon.
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NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - KY 1 - THANG 8/2019 29
KHOA HOC CONG NGHE
EFFECT OF KCIO3 DOSES ON THE FIDWERING OF "E-DOR' LONGAN {Dimocarpus longan L ; AT DIFFERENTTREE AGES IN CHAU THANH DISTRICT, DONG THAP PROVINCE
Nguyen Thanh Duy'- ^ Tran Sy Hieu^ Tran Van Hau^
^Master student of the 24^ course majoring in Crop Science 'Crop Science DeparOnent. CoUege of Agriculture, Can Tho University
Summary
This study was aimed to determme effecUve doses of KClO-i appbed on 'E-Dor" longan trees at the age of 8 and 11-year-old in off-season, from feb. 2018 to feb. 2019, in Chau Thanh district. Dong Thap province.
Factorial experiments were arranged in randomized complete block design with three replications, each of which equaled to forty trees. The first factor included the five doses of KCIO3. viz. 50,100, 150 and 200 g/m canopy diameter (cd.) and control treatments (130 and 170 g/m cd. for 8 and 11-year-old trees, respectively) adopted fi-om the doses used by growers at the place of trial. The second factor comprised the two levels of tree age, ie Sand IL-year-old. KCIO 1 was applied by collar drenchmg at the area surrounding the tree canopy. Results showed that the rate of damaged root tip. observed at the third day after KCIO3 treatment, increased correspond with the raise of KCIO3 doses; accordingly, the tree treated with the highest KCIO3 doses (200 g/m cd.) showed the greatest root tip damage (47.7%) Eight-year-old trees had lower root tip damage rate than that of 11-year-old ones. There were significant correlations between KCIO3 doses and tree ages versus flowering rates. Eight-year-old trees treated with 50 g/m cd. had flowering rate equal to that of 11-year-old trees treated with 150 g/m cd. Treatment usmg 100 g/m cd. resulted in flowermg rate >90% and a yield higher than that of 50 g/m cd. treatment However, flowering rates were not increased when the doses were raised to 150 and 200 g/m cd. Eight-year-old trees had higher flowenng ratio than that of 11-year-old trees; but yield of the latter was higher. The application of different KCIO3 doses on 8 and 10-year-old trees showed no effect on "Brix, TA, and sugar content of anl.
Keywords: Potassium Chlorate, root tip damage, E-Dor longan, Dimocarpus longan, tree age. lowering
Ngudi phan bien: PGS.TS. Nguyen Minh Chau Ngay nhan bai: 13/5/2019
Ngay thdng qua phan bien: 14/6/2019 Ngay duy$t dang: 21/6/2019
