Thiet ke hoat dpng \\i hpc theo day hpc diT an trong day hpc Hoa dai cifdng vo cd nham phat trien nang Idc td hpc cho sinh vien d trddng cao dang y te
Huynh Gia Bao', Ngo Thi Kim La^^
Nguyen Ttii Thiiy Lan^
' TrJfIng Cao dltig Y t6 Ti6n Giang Stf B3Jtiai Sanh Hanh, thSnli ph6 My Tho, linti Tien Giang, Viet Nam Email: [email protected] ' TnJflng Tnjng hoc phd thong Chfl Gao, Tifin Giang Th| tran Chd Ggo, huyen Chd Gao, tinh Tien Giang, V i ^ Nam Emaii' [email protected]
^ TnJ8ng Tmng hoc ph6 thSng Gd Ccing, Tien Giang Thj xa Go Cong, tinh Tien Giang, Vigt Nam Emaii [email protected]
TOM TAT: TU hoc la mdt trong nhOngyiu to quyil dinh chit luang giao dgc va chit luang dio tao tai trudng cao dang y ti. Day hgc theo du in dUdi gdc do tu hgc thdng qua qua trinh to chdc day hgc theo 3 bUde: (1) Lap ki hoach hoc tap du an; (2) ThUc hien du in; (3) Dinh gii dU in. Thdng qua dgy hgc theo du an giup giio vien dinh hudng vai trd to chUc, hi trg, dinh gii va khuyin khich sinh vien phat huy tinh chd dgng va sang tao trong hgc tap. TU dd. hinh thanh vi phat triin n^ng lUc tuhoc cho sinh vien.
lii KHOA: Nang li/c tti hoc; day hoc theo (fir an; lap ke hoach; thUc hien; ff^nh gia.
^ Ntian bSi 20/5/2019 -> Nhan ket qua ph^n bien va chinh sifa 25/6/2019 -> Duyet dang 25/7/2019
1. D$t van dg
Hoa hpc dai cuang vo ca (DCVC) la hpc phan co sir ket hgrp thtrc nghi?m v6i li thuyet tren co sa lap luan logic.
Chuang trinh DCVC trong trucmg cao dSng y tk (CDYT) CO nhieu npi dung lien quan den thuc tien nen rat thich hgp de ap dung phuang phap day hpc (PPDH) du an trong day hpc. Day hpc d^r an (DHDA) la mot PPDH tich cue, trong do giang vi^n huong dan sinh vien (SV) thuc hien mot nhiem vu hpc tap phuc hop, gan v6i thuc tien, ket hpp li thuyet va thuc hanh. SV tu lira chpn du an, I^p ke hoach, thuc hien va danh gia ket qua du an. Nhu vay, DHDA la mpt mo hinh day hpc lay SV lam trung tam, giup SV phat triSn kifin thuc va cac kT nang lien quan thong qua nhiing nhiem vy mang tinh ma; Khuyen Ichich SV tim toi, hien thyc hoa nhung kign thiic da hpc trong qua trinh thyc hien vk tao ra nhiJng san pham cua chinh minh. Co the nhSn dinh, DHDA la mpt PPDH da chuyen xu huang lap trung vdo kiin thue sang tdp trung vdo nang lire (NL) ciia SV.
DHDA Ik mot trong nhung PPDH hien dai gop phan phat tridn NL tu hgc (NLTH) cho SV va thuc t6 da dupe phat trign chinh thiic thanh mpt chien luge day hgc. Bai viet nay dk c^p dSn DETDA duai goc dg ty hgc (TH) thong qua quy trinh td chire hoat dgng qua 3 bu&c v&i nhung noi dung CO thi tiln hanh trong mon Hoa DCVC tai truang cao ddng y tk, tit do phdt triSn NLTH cho SV.
2. N $ i d u n g n g h i § n cuTu 2.1. Tir hoc vd n§ng lire tir hoc
TH la tu minh dgng nao, suy nghT sii dung cac NL tri me (quan sat, so sanh, phan tich, t6ng hpp...) ciing cac phdm chat, dpng ca, ca nhan sinh quan, the giai quan de chiem ITnh mpt linh vyc hilu bilt nao do thanh sa hiiu ciia minh va "Hpc, c6t 15i la TH, la qua trinh phdt trien npi t^i. trong
do chu the tu the hien va bien doi minh, tu lam phong phii gia tri cua minh bang each thu nhan, xir li va bien doi thong tin ben ngoai thanh tri thuc ben trong con nguai minh" [ 1;
tr.64]. Theo Bemd Meier - Nguyin V5n Cuong, "NL la kha nang thuc hien thanh cong va co trach nhiem cac nhiem vu, giai quylt vSn de trong cac tinh huong xac dinh ciang nhu cac tinh huong thay doi tren ca so huy dpng tong hgp cac kiln thiic, kl nang va cac thupc tinh tam li khic nhu dpng ca, y chi, quan niem, gia tri..., suy nghT thau dao va su san sang hanh dong" [2; tr.68]. Nhu vay, NL la kha nang ciia m6i ca nhan duoc the hien o su huy dpng tong hgp cac kien thiic, kT nang va cac thuoc tinh tam nhu hiing thii, niem tin, y chi,... dl thyc hien thanh cong mpt loai cong vi?c trong mgt boi canh nhat dinh.
Tir cac dmh nghia tren, "NLTH" co thi dupe hilu la kha huy dong t6ng hpp cac kien thiic, ki n3ng va cac thupc tmh tam li ca nhan khac nhu hung thii, mem tin, y chi,... de thyc hien thanh cong viec chilm ITnh tn thirc khoa hoc ciing nhu thuc hi?n thanh cong viec van dyng tri thiic da hgc da giai quylt dugc cac vkn de thyc tien co lien quan trong mpt boi canh nhit dinh. N61 each khac, NLTH la mpt kha nSng, trong do ngucri hgc la chu the ty gide, tich eye, chii dpng, dpc lap (hoac hgp tac) chilm ITnh tri thiic o mgt ITnh vuc nao do trong hgc tap, trong cupe s6ng nham dat dugc muc dich nhit dinh. Bilu hien NLTH ciia nguoi hpc noi chung do la su hiing thii, mirc dp tich cue, chu dpng tham gia hoat dpng TH va kha nang thyc hi?n hi?u qua cac hoat dgng hpc tap do.
2.2. Cau true cua ndng lire tiT hoc [3]. [4]
NLTH CO c5u Uiic phiic tap. no dugc hpp thanh tir hai
nhom thanh tl NL do Id nhdm ,VZ. tri tui vd nhdm NL hdnh
So 19 thing 7/2019 ]9NGHieNCOrULfLUAN
ddng. Trong do, NL tri tue thupc yeu to ben trong, no dugc bgc Ig qua NL hanh dpng. Dong thai, cung lai la yiu tl nln tang, CO SCf cua NL hanh dpng. Tuy nhien, NL hanh dpng lai CO vai tro then chot, quyet dinh din ket qua TH (xem So do 1 va 2).
Sa do 1: Cdu true chung NLTH
2.3. Day hoc dir anDHDA la PPDH phiic hgp trong do duoi su hucmg din cua giang vien, ngucri hpc tiep thu kien thiic va hinh thanh kT nang thong qua viec giai quyet mpt bai tap tinh huong (du an) CO that trong doi song, theo sat chuong trinh hpc, CO sy ket hgp giua li thuyet vai thuc hanh va tao ra cac san pham cu the [3}. Du an dat SV vao vai tro tich eye nham phat trien NLTH nhu: Tu giai quygt van de, tu ra quyet dinh, dieu tra vien hay ty viSt bao cao. Thong thuong, SV se lam viec theo nhom dong thai hgp tac vai cac chuyen gia ben ngoai va cgng dong de tra lai cac cau hoi nham hieu sau hon npi dung, y nghia cua bai hpc. Hgc theo dy an doi hoi SV phai tu nghien ciiu va the hien ket qua hpc tap ciia minh thong qua ca san pham lan phuang thiic thuc hien.
Quy trinh to chirc day hpc dir an qua 3 birti'c sau [5], [6]:
Budc 1: LSp ke hoach du an - De de xuat y tuang du an.
- Lap ki hogch thue hign du dm Thai gjan, khong giao, phuang tien. Giang vien hucmg dan SV su dyng ki thuat d^t cau hoi 5 W1H (who, what, when, why, where, how). Trong cac cau hoi nay, cau hoi "Tai sao" va "Nhu the nao" la quan trpng nhat.
Bu&c 2: Thyc hi?n du kn
- Thu thap thong tm va thyc hien dieu ua.
- Thao lu^n voi cac thanh vien khac va tham van giang vien hucmg dan.
- Tong hgp bao cao ket qua.
Bu&e 3: Danh gia du an:
Giang vien, SV thuc hien nham danh gia qua trinh thyc hien va ket qua cung nhu kinh nghiem d^t dugc dinh huong cho cac du an tilp theo. Co nhiing phuong phap danh gia khac nhau nhu: Danh gia toan lap, danh gia ddng dang, ty danh gia, SV neu cau hoi, danh gia cac nhom...
2.4. Sir dung day hoc theo dir ^n de ph^t trien ning luc t^ hpc cho sinh vien nganh Y Diroc trong day hpc Hoa dai ciTdng vo cd Tren ca so li thuyet ciia TH, to chiic ho^t dpng TH, cau tnic ciia NLTH va dac diem tinh chat ciia DHDA, chiing tdi xay dung quy trinh to chiic hoat dgng TH sii dung DHDA Hoa DCVC cho SV nganh Y Dupe tai cdc trucmg CDYT gom 3 giai doan tuang iing vai 3 nhom ki nang va 9 k! ning thanh to cua cau tnic NLTH theo NL hanh dpng (xem Bang 1 va So d6 3);
2.5. DUT an " Cacbon - Nguyen to gSn lien vdi str song"
Buae 1; Lap ke hoach du an hgc tap (xem Bang 2) Buoc 2: Thuc hien du an (xem Bang 3) Buoc 3. Danh gia du an
i u
Laj) ke hoach tu hgc
(Xac dinh muc tieu, ngi dung, nhi&n vy va k l hoach)
Thtic hien k l hoach
tiJ hpc
H
^
Tim kiem tai Ueu va thu tap thong tin Lam
viec vdfi tai lieu
—*• Xdc dinh muc tieu hdi hoc
•- Dgc tim V chinh va khai thdc noi dung •
—•• Xv li ngi dung va xdy dung son phdm Bao cao ket aua CSan ph4m) - Thao luan
Kiem tra - Danh gia
(Tv kifim tra ddnh gid, di^u chinh, dinh huihig hpc t&p tilp theo) Sa do 2: Cdu true NLTH iheo NL hdnh dgng
20 TAP CHl KHOA HOC GIAO DUC VIETNAM
Birdc 1
BU-6-C2
Birdc 3
BirfrcS
Bir*c6
Birdc?
Birdc 8
' ' ' X a c d i n h t e n d i r a n v' Xdc dinh muc tieu ciia du an
•'Xac dinh diing noi dung co ban va bo cau hoi dinh huong
'^Lap ke hoach theo: Kh6ng gian, thoi gian, phuang ti^n
v'Thuc hien cac nhiem vu: Thu
§p tai li£u, dS li^u hen quan,...
v' Xii li thong tin v' Xay san pham (npi dung)
•^ Trao doi, thao lugn v' Bao cao ket qua da xit li
v' Tu danh gia va danh gia lan nhau
•'Dieu chinh ket qua
'^ Lap kfi hoach cho dy an tidp theo
SV chilm linh diny'c kiln thirc, hinh thanh va phat trien NLTH
Sa dd 3: Cdc bu&c ihuc hien TH theo DHDA
Bdng 1: Cdc giai doan td chOc hoat dpng TH suf dung DHDA va cdc bi/dc thUc hien Cic glai doan id diHc lioal f o n g TH sul dung DHDA
Giai doan 1 LAP KE HOACH Dt; A N
Buflc 1. xac dinti chii de va de xuat y tUdng 6\) kn.
BU(Jc 2. X^c dinh muc ti§u diJ in.
Buflc 3. U p ki hoach: Thdi gian, khong gian, phUdng ti6n.
Giai do^n 2 THiJCHIENDljAN
Buflc 4. Tim kiem tai li?u va thu tap thflng tin Buflc 5. Xil li thong tin vk xky dUng sSn pham BUflc 6. Bdo cdo vd ti\ko ludn kat qua.
Gial doan 3 DANH GIA D l j AN
BUflc 7. Tl/ kiem tra 6kr\h gid.
BUflc 6. Tl/ dieu chinh.
BUflc 9. Oinh hUdng dU dn hoc t0p tifip theo.
Sfi 19 mang 7/2019 21
NGHIEN COrULfLUAN
B i n g 2: Lap ke hoach dil an hpc tap
Noi dung Hoai long ciia giing Hoat dong ciia SV va y i u cau SV can l a t Thdi gian Bia diem Oieu tiijn ilnK
vien hifn xac dinh
ten dif an
Xdc dmh muc tieu d u a n
Xdy dUng ke hoach thuc hien d i / a n
Kiem tra, xdc nhdn ten dl/
dn lioc tap.
Huflng dan thilc hien (ngufin tdi lieu, cdch tim kiem va xil li thong tin, yen cau can dat ve san pham va Ihdi gian) Phdn chia nh6m va giao nhiem vu
Xac dinh ten dU dn hpc tap'Cacbon - Nguyen to gdn lien vfli SU song"
Phan chia nhom, nhdn nhiem vu.
- Cd de cuang chi tiet hoc phan OCVC.
- Co tai lieu chinh va tai iieu tham khao ciia hpc phan OCVC.
- SLE dung thdnh ttiao vi t'nli va ki ndng truy cdp intemet
Hpc chu de 6 Tren Idp - Oe cUdng chi tiet hpc phSn OCVC.
- Tdi li§u chinh v^ mOt so tdi ii&u tham khao ciia hpc phan OCVC.
- May tinh ket nfii intemet
- Gop y xdc dinh tieu chij de vd muc tieu dif dn, Kien thifc, kinang.
- SV nhdn nhiem vu vd xdc dinh cac tieu chii de cua dif dn -^ thao ludn nhom, xac dinh muc tieu dii an - • trao Soi vdi cdc nhom l<hdc ciing nhiem vg - • thong nhat muc tieu du dn -^ Xin y kien giang vien -^ ket ludn tieu chu de va muc tieu du an.
1 tuan sau khi hoc li thuylt
Ngoai ldp Gido trinh, t ^ li^u hpc huflng dan TH, mdy t'nh
.intemet,...
Gop y, chinh li bo sung vd ket ludn ve ke hoach thuc hi6n dU dn.
Co 3 tieu chu de , nhom tn/clng chia th^nh 3 nhom nhfl hodc 3 cd nhdn - moi cd nhan/
nhom nho xdy dUng ke hoach 1 ^eu chii d§
-*. nhom truclng tdp hdp k i t qua cua tifng ca nhan/nhom nho -^ td chile thao ludn 6i xay di/ng vd tli6ng nhat k l hoach chi t i l t ciia du an thong qua sd do nhiem vu hodc bang liet ke nhiem vu (yeu cau ro rdng, cu the, hdp li, kha thi ve noi dung, cdch t i l n hanh, d i l u kign thilc hien, nguon thu thdp thong tin, ngUfli chiu trdeh n h i l m chinh, phUdng tien, dia d i l m , thdi gian hodn thdnh, san pham.
Nhdm trinh bdy k l hoach dii dn ciia minh -»•
cdc nhflm khac ddng gop bo sung -^ thong nhat ke hoach - > gili ve cho giang vien qua email San pham gidi thieu Id ban ke hoach chl t i l t .
2 tuan sau khi hoc li thuyet
Ngoai Idp hpc
sach, t intemet,,
Bang 3: ThiJc liign diT an
1. Siiu tam, lua chpn Hudng dan cdch Thu tiidp thong tin: Vdo google tim k i l m -»•
cdc video v§ Carbon; thu thap thong tin, doviinloads ve mdy tinh.
1.1. Chu trinh Carton xil li thong tin va Xif li thong tin - lUa chpn video clip phti hop:
trong tif nhiln cdch chuan bi bdo Nghien cifu ki li thuyet, tim noi dung chinh, 1.2. Nguon nang cdo lUa chpn video clip phu hdp vfli noi dung, bao lUdng hod thach. Dau Gcp y ve cac gom: Ooi ti/dng, cdch tien hanh, ket qua thi mfl va than da; van de videoclip SV lUa nghiem.
nang iUflng sach. chpn va chinh li bo C h u ^ bi bao cdo: Sau khi lya chon dupe 1 3 . Hieu Ung nhd sung phkn thuylt videoclip theo yeu cau, xem lal ndi dung video kinh minh cac video clip vd nol dung li thuylt d l khdp giUa hinh trgn 2. Thuylt minh cdc dugc li/a chon video clip vdi ldi thuyet mmh. Tdp vd chinh sila video di/dc li/a chpn giOa cdc ca nhan trcng nhflm -*• thflng nhSt
trong nhdm ->• trao doi vfli cdc nhdm khdc - » xin y kiln gidng vien - » t h c n g nhat - » s d n ph^m video duoc lUa chpn d l trinh c h i l u . - c a nhdn trdng nhflm - > thfing nhat trong nhdm - > trao fldi vdi cdc nhdm khdc.
Cii dai dien trinh bay skt\ ph^m - > nhdn x i t , d j t cdu hfli - > SV glai dap thSc mSc - • SV tU bfi sung, hodn thi|n.
1 tii^n sau khi nhdn nhiem vu
Ngoai ldp hoc
- Sdch, mdy tinh, intemet,..
3. Cflng bo sdn ph^m K i t luan ve nhOng video chinh thUc dUQc li/a chon iSi trinh bdy.
30 phut Tren ldp Mdy chilu, mdy tinh Video clip vd b^n thuyet minh.
P h i a j h o c t d p
22 TAP CHl KHOA HOC GIAO DUC VlfT NAM
Bang 4: D a n h gia dtr dn
1, K i l m tra danh Giang vien nhdn gid tieu chi'
2. Tu dieu chinh
3. Dinh hUflng dU dn lipc tdp t i l p
Hoattoog ciia SVva yen cau SV can l a t ddnh gid vd cho diem theo cdc SV tu nhan xet danh gia qua
trinh thuc hien va cham diem Tinh ki ludt (ti/ li/c, hflp tac, khoa hoc, dimg thdi gian, tUng cd nhdn trong nhflm va
dung quy Irinh,...) c a n h d m . -Cdc kinang hoc tap (kinang xdc dinh tieu c h u d i , muc oanh gia lan nhau va cham
t i l u , kinang ldp k l hoach, ki ndng t h U c h i | n k e h o ? c h , k i diem nhom ban.
ndng thu thdp xil li thong tin, ki nang trinh bay bdo cdo.
ki nang ddt va giai quyet van de, ki nang ddnti gid - t u ddnh gia va tU dieu chinh.
- san pham: Ro rang, ngdn gon, xtic tich, dep, hieu qud ve mat sif pham.
- > K i t ludn diem so ma tUng ca nhan trong nhdm nhan dUflc.
Hi/dng dan SV tu dieu chinh vd thilc hien dif dn tiep theo
Tdng ket diem so tilnq cd nhan nhan dUflc.
- Tu dieu chinh, phdt huy fl cac d l / an k l thee si/ hi/dng dan cua giang v i l n .
chi cJanh gia.
3. Ket ludn
Trong day hpc phat trien NLTH, khi van dung mot PPDH, giang vien phai hieu ro ban chat, net dac thii, tien trinh cua PPDH do, hinh dung dugc mot each cu the cac hoat dpng ciia giang vien va hoat dong tuang ung ciia SV. Tir do, len dugc ke hoach hoat dpng cu the cho mpt so bai hpc va thuc thi ke hoach dat ra vai su quan sat, phan tich, nit kinh nghiem
va bo sung mgt each nghiem tiic. Van dung DHDA vao day hgc Hoa DCVC a cac trucmg CDYT d?t hieu qua thiet thi^c trong viec phat trien NLTH (NL nhan thuc, NL hanh dpng va NL sang tao nang cao hiing thii hpc tap) cho SV. Dong thdi, su van dung PPDH nay ciing giiip giang vi6n dinh hucmg dugc vai tro to chirc, ho trg, tu van hop li, danh gia va dgng vien SV phat huy tinh chu dpng, sang tao trong hgc tap.
T^i l i f u t h a m k h a o
[1] Nguyen Canh Toan, (2002), Hgc va day cdch,hgc, NXB Dgi hoc Su pham. Ha Noi.
Bemd Meier - Nguyin Van Cuong, (2016), Li lugn dgy hgc hien dgi, co sa dot mai muc tieu, ngi dung vd phuang phdp dgy hgc, NXB Dai hgc Su pham. Ha Ngi.
Trjnh Quoc L^p, (2008), Phdl trien ndng luc tu hoc trong hodn cdnh Viet Nam, Tgp chi Khoa hpc, Trucmg Dai hpc CanTho,tr,169-175.
Le Thi Huyin, (2017), T6 chuc hogl dgng tu hgc hgc phdn Di truyen hoc cho sinh vien ngdnh Sir phgm Sinh hgc, Luan an Tiin sT Khoa hoc Giao due, Tmong Dai hoc Su pham HaNoi.
[5] Tnnh VSn Bieu, (2003), Cdc phuang phdp dgy hgc hifu qud, Truang Dai hpc Su pham Thanh pho Ho Chi Minh.
[6] Vu Hong Nam, (20 W), Su dung phuang phdp dgy hqc theo du dn trong day hgc mon Hoa hgc a truang dgi hgc vd cao dang. Tap chi Giao dye so 257
[7] Nguyen Van Cucmg, (1997), Dgy hgc project hay dgy hgc theo dydn. Thong bao Khoa hoc so 3.
[8] Nguyin Thj Di?u Thao, (2009), Vdn dung day hgc du dn vao ddo tgo gido vien mon Cong nghe trung hgc ca sd - phdn kmh te gia dinh, Lugn dn Tien sT Khoa hgc Gido due, Truong Dai hpc Su phgm Ha Npi.
A CONCEPTUAL DESIGN OF PROJECT - BASED LEARNING INSTRUCTION IN INORGANIC CHEMISTRY FOR PHARMACEUTICAL STUDENTS
Huynh Gia Bao', Ngo Thi Kim Lan^
Nguyen Thi Thuy Lan^
' Tien Giang Medical College No. 83, Thai Sanh Hanh, My Tho City.
Tien Giang province, Vietnam Email.baoxuyenspl 111 ©gmail com
^ Cho Gao IHlgh School, Tien Giang CliD Gao town, Cho Gao distnct.
Tien Giang pravmce, Vietnam Email: [email protected]:om
^ Go Cong High School. Tien Gi^g, Vielnam Go Cong town, Tien Giang pravmce Email:ngi)yenlanlhptgQcong@gmailcom
ABSTRACT: Students' self-studying is considered as one of Ihe most influential factors in educational quality. The work focused on self-studying and self-studying competency, self-studying structure, project-based leaning methodology and how to use project-based leaning methodology to guide and encourage pharmaceutical students to promote their initiative and creativity in professional development. A conceptual design in project-based learning for general inorganic chemistry subject is suggested and consisting ot 3 stages corresponding to 3 competency packages: (1) Project planning and development; (2) Project implementation; (3) Project evaluation. A detailed guidance has been proposed and illustrated by an example in carbon course.
KEYWORDS: Self-learning competency; project-based teaching; planning; implementation and evaluation.
S6 19 thSnQ 7/2019
