BAG VE "THUONG HIpU " - THIJC TRANG PHAP LUAT VA Nliu CAU HOAN THIEN
T
rong nhftng ndm gan ilay. tliual ngu•"ihuimg hieu" da tur ndn quen thupc \di cdng chiing thdng qua cac plurtmg tidn Iruyen thdng. Khdng nhftng the.
"ihuong hidu" dd trd ihanh tieu dc ciia mot sd ehuong trinh tim liicu phap lugt. ho trg doanh nghiep. xiic tien thuany mai...
Tuy nhien, kliiii nipm "tlurong hipu" khd cd the xac djnh rd rang dudi gdc dg liep can phap ly bdi thudt ngft ndy khdng duge ghi nhan trong ciic vdn bdn luat hien hanh. Chinh vi le dd, \'icc nhin nhdn "thuang hipu" irong pham vi bdi viet dya trdn ca .sd ket hgp su giai ihfch phap ludt ngi ham hen quan va su 5u\ dodn ngi dung thuat ngft dugc su dung thdng qua ngdn ngu truyen thdng, thdng qua cac chuang Uinh "thuong hicu" vdi ngi dung thu hut sy tham gia ddng dao cua cac nha chuyen mdn, cac hiep hgi nghd nghiep, cac doanh nghiep, cac ea nhdn...
Dan chidu ddn ngi ham phap ly tuong duong, cd thd nhan djnh rdng, "thuong hieu" luong img vdi nhdm ehi dan thuang mai (CDTiVl) bao gdm mgt sd ddi tugng ciia quyen sd hfin edng nghidp (SIICN) nhu nhan hidu, chi dan dia Iy, ten thuang mai va mpt sd ddu hicu khdc.
Nhu \ a y . bdn ludn ve Ihyc trgng phap lual va nhu cau hoan thipn nlidm bao ve
"ihuong hieu" can luan ban \ c phap ludt thyc dinh va ea did thyc thi quyen SHCN ddi vdi nhan hipu, ten thuong mgi vd chi dan dja Iy.
Va bdi viet se khdng dimg thudt ngft
TS,, Vifin N h i nufic va Phap luat.
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Le Mai Thanh
"thucmg hipu" md phdi dung thugt ngft phap ly phil Iii,r|i nhu tren dd phdn lich.
I. I hue (rang p h a p ludt bao hp quyen Ml huu cdng nghipp doi vol chi dan t h u o n g mgi
Chinh saeh bdo hp quyen SHCN ddi vdi nhdm CDTM nham muc tieu dam bdo thj trudng lanh mgnh, dam bao co hpi canh Iranh binh ddng eiia cac doanh nghidp tham gia thj Uudng, ddm bdo sy cdng bdng trong vice diu tu cho uy tin san phdm cua cdc chii the quyen, dam bao quyen Igi cua ngudi lieu diing,..
Vipt Nam da xay dung mdi truemg phap lugt tuong ddi phu hgp nhdm bdo hg quyen SHCN ddi vdi CDTM eung nhu tuong thich vdi cde nghTa vu ma Vict Nam da cam ket trong qua trinh hgp tae vu hgi nhdp qudc te.
Phap lugt Viet Nam da bdo hd idt ca cac ddi lugng cua quyen SHCN cd lien quan bao gdm: nhan hidu, chi dan dja ly, ten thuong mai \ d i he ihdng lieu chi bdo hg tuang img; xdc dinh ngi dung vd gidi han quydn cua chu sd hihi quydn SHCN; thiet lap eo chd thyc ihi, ddm bdo quyen SHCN.
Chinb sach bdo hg, bien phdp, co che thyc thi quyen SHCN ndi chung va ddi vdi cdc CDTIVI ndi rieng da dugc thd che hda trong Luat Sd hfin tri tud (SHTT) va nhung vdn ban phdp lugt hien hanh khac.
Ben canh dd, Viet Nam Id thanh vi6n cua cac dieu ude qudc td trgng yeu trong ITnh vye bdo hg quydn SHTT ndi chung va bdo hg quydn SHCN ddi vdi nhdm CDTM ndi ridng nhu Hiep dinh v l ede khia canh
BAO V$ "THUONG HitU"...
thuong mgi cua quyin SHTT (Hipp djnh TRIPs), Cdng ude Paris v l bdo hd sd hftu cdng nghidp vd cdc dilu ude khac.
Bdo hp quyin SHCN doi vdi nhdm CDTM d day ddng nghia vdi bdo hp quyin SHCN ddi vdi nhdn hipu, chi d i n dja ly, tdn thuang mai.
Thyc Ugng phdp ludt bdo hp quydn SHCN ddi vdi CDTM duge dd cdp sau ddy chu ydu dua Udn ddnh gid v l nhftng t i n tgi, can Ud hidu qua phdp ludt Uong qud trinli xac lap quydn vd thuc thi quydn doi vdi ede dli tugng CDTM tren e o sd phdp ludt hi^n hanh vd cde cam kdt quoc td ma Viet Nam la thdnh vien.
Nhdn hiiu
Nhdn hidu Id ddu hidu dimg de nhgn biet hang hda/djeh vy cua mdt nhd sdn xuat vd de phdn biet hang hda/djeh vu cung loai eua cac nhd sdn xudt khdc nhau. Trdn thuong tmdng. nhan hidu cd vai Ud ddc biet quan Uong khi nd dugc coi nhu mdt cdng cu tgo sy khdc biet eho sdn pham trdn thi Irudng, lao Igi thd canh Uanh cho doanh nghiep. Vd CO ban, mpt nhan hidu cd nhimg chftc nang chinh bao gdm: chftc ndng phan biel; chuc nang chf dan ngudn gdc hoac xual xft; chuc nang ehdt lugng vd chftc ndng qudng cdo.
Tuong thich vdi lidu chi bdo hg tdi thieu ciia Hiep dinh TRIPs vd Cdng ude Paris vd bao hd sd hihi edng nghidp, Luat SHTT qui djnh: nhdn hipu dugc bdo hg neu dap img cdc dieu kidn "la dau hieu nhin thay dugc" dudi dgng ehft cai, lft ngu, hinh ve. hinh dnh, kd ca hinh ba chieu hodc sy kdt hgp cae ydu Id do, duge the hidn bdng mdt hoac nhieu mdu sac vd CO khd nang phdn biet hang hda, djeh vu cua ehu sd hftu nhan hidu vdi hdng hda, dich vu cua chu thl khac.
- Ngoai nhan hidu thdng thudng, phdp ' lugt Viet Nam bdo hd nhdn hidu tap thl.
nhan hidu chimg nhdn, nhan hidu lien ket, nhdn hidu ndi tieng, Vipe bao hd cdc loai nhdn hieu nliu nhdn hipu chung nhdn (vi du nhu nhdn hidu ISO...), n'ldn hidu tgp thl dd gdp phin thuc day tien ti inh hpi nhap quoc t l cua Viet Nam.
Luat SHTT (Dilu 74) quy dinli: nhan hidu dugc coi Id cd khd ndng phdn bipt ndu dugc tgo thdnh tft mpt ho^c mdt so ydu to de nhdn bilt, d l ghi nhd ho^c tft nhilu yiu td kit hgp thdnh mdl long t h l dd nhdn bilt, dd ghi nhd va khdng thuge mpt trong 13 trudng hgp duge lidt kd tgi khodn 2 Didu 74. Hay ndi cdch kJidc, cae trudng hgp dugc Het kd Id nhflng trudng hgp loai trft bdo hd - khdng bao gdm dau hidu xin ddng ky trftng hodc luang tu vdi cdc tdc phdm my thuat ftng dyng dang dugc bao hd hodc xdm phgm quydn tdc gid dang dugc bdo hd cua ngudi khde. Su liet kd thidu d Didu nay da tgo ra bat cap, lam ndy sinh xung dot quyen cua cac ehft the.
Luat SHTT qui djnh khdng rd rang vd vide ngan cdm dang ky nhung ddu hidu dugc tgo lap tren eo sd khdng tnmg thyc cua ngudi nop don; nhihig ddu hidu tuong ty hodc trimg vdi nhan hidu trong don cd ngdy nop don/ngay uu tien sdm hon khi dang ky cho hdng hda hoge dich vu trung hode tuong ty; nhung ddu hidu tuang ty gay nham ldn vdi tdn midn . Su khdng rd rdng efta phdp Iudt cilng Id nguydn nhdn phat sinh xung dot quydn cua cdc ehft thd.
Bdn canh do, khodn 2.c Didu 74 Ludt SHTT quy djnh, khdng cho phep bdo hp
"ddu hipu ehi thdi gian, dia dilm, phuong phdp san xudt, chung logi, sd lugng, chdt lugng, tinh chit, thdnh phan, edng dyng, gid In hodc cac ddc linh khdc mang tinh md td
' Ten miin khong phii li d6i tirgng ciia quySn SHTT.
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NHk NUdc vk PHAP LUAT S6 10/2012
hdng hod, djch vy, trft trudng hgp dau hipu do da dgl dugc khd ndng phdn bipt thdng qua qud Irinh sft dyng tru&c thai diHin nPp dan ddng ky nhdn hipu" vdi danh nghTa nhdn hipu. Tuy nhien. thyc Ic cho thiy, "khd ndng phdn bici" cua nhftng dau hipu ndi tren cd thl hinh thdnh sau khi ndp don bdi thdi gian xet nghipm nhdn hipu dii lau dl dat tieu chi "phan bipt"', Vgy. nlu dd chip nh^n cdc diu hipu mang tInh md td dd dugc bdo hg nhu nhdn hipu khi dgl dugc khd ndng "phdn bipt" thi cung ndn lui thdi dilm in djnh cho den khi tien hdnh xet nghipm.
Dc dugc cap Gidy chftng nhan ddng ky nhdn hipu. cin dugc thdm djnh hinh thftc nhdm ddnh gia tfnh hgp Ip cua don vd xel nghiem ndi dung nhdm ddnh gid khd ndng dap img tieu ehi bdo hg. Trong qud trinh xem xet don ddng ky bdo hp nhdn hidu, y kidn phdn doi don dang ky ddng vai trd phdn bipn het sue quan trgng. Tuy nhidn. Luat SHTT eung nhu vdn bdn hudng dan^ khdng quy djnh cu the vd thdi han nop phdn ddi don va thdi hgn phan hoi cua xel nghipm vidn; su khdng minh dinh nay gdy khd khdn trong vipc thyc hien quyen cua bdn thu ba vd xac dinh trach nhidm cua xet nghidm vidn trong qua trinh thyc thi cdng vu.
Ridng ddi vdi nhan hidu ndi tieng.
quydn SHCN ddi vdi nhan hleu ndi tieng duge xac lap trdn eo sd su dung, khdng cdn thdng qua thii tiJc xac lap quydn, Phap luat hien hdnh khdng qui djnh ve thu tye cdng nhdn nhan hieu ndi tieng. Vipc "don gidn hda thu tye hdnh chinh" nay da trd thdnh rdo
^ Theo Luat SHTT, th6i h^n niy l i 9 thing, Tuy nhifin, thi,rc tfi cho thdy, vific xfit nghifim cfi thfi kfio dii hon.
^ Thfing tir s6 OI/2007/TT-BICHCN hu6ng dSn Nghj dinh s6l03/2006/ND-CP quy dinh chi ti^t v i hu6ng din mpt sfi di^u cua Lu$t SHTT ve SHCN dugc sua dli theo Nghj djnh sfi 122/2010/ND-CP.
cdn cho cd chu sd hOxi nhdn hipu ndi tidng vd cdc ca quan thyc Ihi. Thyc tl cho thiy, cdc hdnh vi xdm phgm nhdn hipu thudng nhdm vdo nhdn hipu nli tiing, nhdn hieu duge ngudi tidu dung biet den rpng rdi.
V^y, khi tranh chap xdy ra, chu sd hflu nhdn hipu nli tiing ludn phdi duong ddu vdi viec tim kilm chftng cu minh chimg cho sy "ndi tieng" cua nhdn hipu vd kdt ludn chi cd thl cd dugc thdng qua bdn dn/quyet djnh ciia tda dn.
Theo khodn 5, Dilu 124 Ludt SHTT, vipc sft dyng nhdn hipu Id thye hipn cac hdnh vi sau ddy: "gin nhdn hipu dugc bdo hd len hdng hod, bao bi hdng hod..."; "qudng eao de bdn... hdng hod mang nhdn hipu dugc bao hg"... Vipe khdng su dyng nhdn hieu dugc bdo hg trong mgt thdi gian nhdt djnh ed the dan den khd ndng bj dinh chi hipu lyc van bdng bdo hg. Chfnh vi vdy, mgt sd chu the quydn thuc su khdng sft dung nhdn hieu trong hogt dgng kinh doanh nhung van duy tri "sft dyng" nhdn hipu theo each thftc khdng rd rang ma khoan 5 Dieu 124 Ludt SHTT da
"md" cho hp. Chdng han, chu thd quydn gan nhan hipu duge bao hp cho mgt sdn phim chi ddng vai ud khuydn mgi ho tiq Uong chien djch tilp cgn thj trudng eua nhan hidu khac.
Hodc de duy tri vipc "qudng cdo dd bdn", chii thd quydn cd the ddng tin tren ede phuemg tipn thdng tin dgi chung bat ky ve nhdn hieu dugc bdo hg vd sdn phdm di kem khdng nhdm bdn sdn phdm dd Udn thj trudng...
Chi ddn dia ly
Theo Dilu 4 Luat SHTT, chi ddn dia ly Id dau hidu dung de chi san phdm cd ngudn gdc tft khu vyc, dia phuang, vung lanh tho hay qudc gia eu thd. Chf ddn dja ly dupc bdo hg ndu dap img cae dieu kidn sau day:
"San phdm mang chi ddn dja ly cd ngudn gdc dja ly tu khu vuc, dja phuong, vimg
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BAO V$ "THUONG H1$U"...
ldnh thd hodc nudc luong ung vdi ehi dan dja ly", hoge "sdn pham mang ehi din dia ly cd danh tidng, chit lugng hodc ddc tfnh chu yeu do didu kidn dia ly cua khu vyc, dja phuong, vung lanh tlid hodc nudc tuong ftng vdi chi din dia ly dd quylt djnh" (Didu 79 Ludt SHTT).
Quydn SHCN ddi vdi chi dan dja ly dugc xac ldp trdn co sd Giay chftng nlidn ddng ky chi d ^ dja ly do Cue SHTT cap.
Dan ddng ky ehi dan dja ly se duge thdm dinh hmli tliuc vd ngi dung. Neu ddp img quy djnli ciia phdp lual. ydu cdu bdo hp sd duge chip nhdn vd Giay chimg nh§n ddng ky chi ddn dja ly cd hipu lyc vd thdi han.
cho din khi eae dieu kien bdo hp van dugc dap ftng. Nhd nudc la chu sd hihi quydn ddi vdi chi ddn dja Iy, cac doanh nghipp trong dja bdn se chi dugc quydn su dyng chi dan dia ly theo ddng ky.
Chi din dja ly ddng vai Ud quan trgng Uong qua trinh sdn xuat vd tidp cgn thi trudng cua hang hda. Ngudi tieu dimg ludn dl cao diu hieu lidn quan den ehi ddn dja ly khi lya chpn sdn pham cimg logi trdn thj tmdng. Vay ndn, vide bao hd chi dan dia ly se tgo lgi thl canh Uanh khdng nhd cho cac chu thd lidn quan. Tuy vay, nhilu dja danh la ngudn gdc dja ly eua sdn pham duge cdc chu thl xin ddng ky bdo hg dudi dang nhdn hieu tap thl, nhan hieu chftng nhdn ma khdng dugc bdo hd dudi hinh thuc chi ddn dia ly. Thyc Uang dd xuit phdt tft vipc, cdc quy djnh vd thu tye xdc lap quydn eflng nhu y thftc, nang luc eua cdc ben (cd trdch nhidm, nghia vu xac nhdn vd duy tri vide gidm sdt ehit lugng/dac tinh cua sdn phdm mang chi dan dja ly) chua dap ftng nhu cdu thyc tl'*. Vide bdo hd cde diu hidu ed chfta
dia danh Id nguon gdc dia ly cua sdn pham dudi dgng nhdn hidu tdp thl, nhan hipu chftng nhgn thugn Igi hon cho ngudi nop don trong qud trinh xdc ldp quydn; vd cdc ehft thl chip nhgn bd qua ahOng lgi thl nhil djnh md vi$c sft dung chi dan dja ly mang lgi cho hogt dgng kinh doanh cua hp.
So vdi nhdn hidu, sl lugng chi dan dja
\^ dugc ddng ky khdng nhidu. Cho den ngdy 10/8/2011, cd 27 ehi dan dja ly dugc bdo hg bao gom: nudc mdm Phu Qudc, che Shan tuydt Mgc Chdu, rugu Cognac Cgng hda Phdp, cafe nhdn Budn Ma Thudl, budi Doan Hung, thanh long Binh Thugn, hoa hdi Lgng Son, rugu Pisco Cgng hda Pdru, vdi thieu Thanh Hd, nudc mam Phan Thidt, ggo tam xoan Hai Hdu, cam Vinh, che Tdn Cuong, ggo mdt byi dd Hdng Dan, vdi thidu Luc Ngan, xoai cat Hda Lgc, chudi ngy Dgi Hodng, qui vd Van Yen, mam tdm Hdu Lgc, ndn Id Hud, hdng khdng hat Bac Can, budi Phftc Trach, rugu manh Scdt-len, thudc Ido Tien Lang, gao Ndng Nhen Thom Bdy Nui, hgl de Trirng Khdnh, na Bd Den .
Tin thuang mgi
Theo Luat SHTT, tdn thuong mgi la tdn ggi cua td chftc, ed nhan dftng Uong hogt ddng kinh doanh dl phdn biet chu thl kinh doanh mang tdn ggi dd vdi cdc ehft thd kinh doanh khac trong eftng ITnh vye vd khu vue kinh doanh. Dilu nay cd nghia la, ten vidt tdl nhu DHL, IBM, AIA... nhung cd khd ndng phdn bidt ehft thd kinh doanh ddu dugc bao hd vdi danh nghTa Id ten thuang mai.
Quydn SHCN ddi vdi ten thuong mgi Ur dgng phdt sinh khi ldn Ihuong mai dap ung
* Xem: U Mai Thanh - Dinh Thi Quynh Trang, Quyfin so hSu cfing nghifip doi vdi chi din dja X-},
T^p chi Nhi nudc vi Phip lu§t, sfi 07/2008.
' Danh sich chi dSn dja \-} dug-c ding ba http://www.noip.gov.vn (trang web chinh thiic cua Cyc SHTT - tmy c?ip ngiy 7/8/2012).
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NHA NUdc \ A PHAP LUA T sd 10/2012 dieu kipn ndu trdn md doanh nghipp khdng phdi ldm Ihu lyc ddng k^ vdi Cyc SHTT.
Thyc tl cho ihdy, cdc dli lugng CDTM nhu nhdn hi§u, chi din dja ly, icn thuong mgi rit de bi xdm hgi. Mgl nguydn nhdn hit sue quan trpng bit nguon tft cde quy djnh khdng tuong ddng/khdng minh bach, rd rdng Uong cdc vdn bdn phdp lu§t chuydn ngdnh khdc nhau eung nhu sy thieu phoi hgp trong qud trinh dp dyng phdp lugt cua cdc CO quan chftc ndng. Ching hgn, nhdn hipu. chi din dja Iy, icn thuang mgi dd dugc bdo hg cd thl bj ddng ky dudi dgng ten mien cip quoc gia "...vn" hodc ten doanh nghipp (CDTM dugc dilu ehinh bdi phdp ludl vd SHTT vd thupc thdm quyen qudn ly cua Bd Khoa hgc vd Cdng nghp; tdn miin qude gia didu ehinh bdi phdp luat ve cdng nghe thdng tin vd thupc thdm quyen efta Bp Thdng tin va Truyen thdng; ten doanh nghiep duge didu chinh bdi phap luat vd doanh nghidp vd thupc thdm quydn eua Bg Kd hogch va Dau lu). Vi Ig dd, ddi khi nhdn hipu/ten thuong mgi dd dugc bdo hg ed the duge chdp nhan ddng ky tuong ftng cho ten doanh nghipp/ten midn cap cao md qudc gia.
De thay ddi tinh trgng dd, cdn sfta ddi, bd sung cac quy djnh hidn hdnh ndm rdi rde trong cdc vdn ban chuydn ngdnh khdc nhau vd cdc ngdrih hihi quan can hgp tdc trong qua trinh dp dyng phap ludl nhdm ngdn ngfta tinh trang xung dgt quyen dli vdi cdc ddi tugng efta quydn SHCN vd ddi tugng khdc nhu ten midn, ten doanh nghipp.
2. Hoan thipn co che thuc thi quyen sd hull tri tup
Khdng mgt doanh nghidp ndo ed the yen tam ddu tu vdo chat lugng, uy tin efta san pham khi hg phdi ddi mdt vdi tinh Ugng xam phgm quyin SHTT - mgt logi quydn tai san vd cftng gid trj trong ndn kinh td thj
trudng. Chfnh vi vay, dl ddm bdo quyin SHTT khdng chi Id logi quyin dugc ghi nhdn "trdn giiy", Vipt Nam can phdi cd cdc bidn phdp vd co ehl bdo ddm quyin thfch hgp cung nhu ddp img nghTa vy cam kit theo Hipp djnh TRIPs.
Hipp djnh TRIPs qui djnh cdc qudc gia thdnh vidn cd nghTa vy dp dyng cdc bi^n phdp che tdi hinh sy, ddn sy, hdnh chinh dli vdi hdnh vi xdm phgm quyin SHTT. Tuong img vdi ydu cdu cua TRIPs, phdp Iudt Vipt Nam hidn hdnh quy djnh cdc bidn phdp ddm bdo thyc thi quyen SHTT bao gom:
Bipn phdp ddn sy;
Bipn phdp hdnh chfnh; bao gdm bipn phdp kidm sodt bien gidi;
Bipn phap hinh sy.
Trong nhthig nam qua, mdc du da cd nhidu ed gdng song van dd thuc thi quyen SHTT d Vipt Nam edn mgt sd bal cap. Trong ITnh vye SHCN, hanh vi vi phgm phd bien nhdt Id vi phgm nhan hidu. Nhimg hanh vi ndy xdm phgm nghiem Upng lgi ich cua chii thd quydn, gdy tdn hgi ddn qud trinh dau tu ndng cao uy tin nhan hipu ciing nhu xam phgm nghiem Ugng den quyen lgi ngudi tieu dimg khi hg phai sft dyng sdn phim/dich vu khdng dftng nhu hg mong muln.
Theo bao cdo cua co quan thyc thi, cdc vu xdm phgm quydn ddi vdi nhan hieu, chi dan dja ly chiem phan Idn cde vu xdm phgm quydn SHCN ndi ehung.
Trong qua Uinh hgi nhap, nhihig hidn tugng xdm phgm quyen SHTT didn ra dudi nhieu hinh thuc da dang.
Khdng nhung the, vide vi phgm Ud nen phftc tap hon. Chang hgn, hdng hda gia nhdn hidu duge sdn xudt d nudc ngodi vd luu thdng tai thj trudng Viet Nam theo nhidu kdnh khde nhau. Bdn oanh dd, hang gid nhan hipu ed thd sdn xudt tai Viet Nam
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BAO V£ "THUONG HI$U"
va xuat khdu nhdm myc dfch tidu thy d nudc ngoai ho^c nhgp khdu ngugc trd lgi Vidt Nam, hgp phdp hda ngudn gdc xuit xft mpt cdch rat tinh vi.
Vipc xdm phgm quyin SHTT xdy ra trong cac ITnh vuc sdn xudt, luu thdng, phan phdi, cung edp djeh vy tai mpi dja ban trong cd nude.
2.1. Hodn thi^n phdp lugt vd ndng cao nang luc ca che thuc thi
Trong qud Uinh hgi nhdp quoe tl, Vipt Nam phdi ddm bao eo chi thyc thi quyin SHTT thdng qua cdc thu lyc, bidn phdp chd tdi dan sy, hdnh chinh, hinh sy vd cdc bipn phap kiem sodt bidn gidi, trong dd cd nhflng bidn phdp khan cap nhdm ngdn chdn cac hanh vi xam phgm cimg nhu nhihig hdnh vi tai phgm.
Phdp ludt Viet Nam da npi lugl hda cdc chfnh sdch thyc thi quyin SHTT. Tuy nhidn, ttong nhieu trudng hgp, cdc co quan thuc thi gap khd khdn trong qua Uinh tdc nghiep; ranh gidi dp dyng cdc bipn phdp thyc thi cdn chua ro rdng.
- Biin phdp ddn su
Vd bdn chat, cdc ttanh chdp ve quyen SHTT edn phai dugc gidi quydt chu ydu bang cac bidn phdp dan sy. Tuy nhidn, vi nliieu ly do khdc nhau, Uong dd cd thdi quen ne trdnh kien tyng cua cac chu the quydn, thdi gian gidi quyet Uanh chap keo ddi, bipn phap khan cdp tam thdi chua hidu qud, chi phi kien. tyng cao, thi hdnh dn phftc tap. thidu tinh rdn de, viec xft ly bdng kdnh ddn sy khdng mdy dugc ua chudng tgi Viet Nam.
Ben cgnh dd, vide phdn djnh thdm quyin efta tda an eung nhu nang Iyc cua Hpi ding xet xu Uong gidi quylt Uanh chap vl quyin SHTT cdn bit cap cfing la trd nggi nhit djnh cho vipc tang cudng bidn phdp nay Irong tuong lai.
- Biin phdp hdnh chinh
Day la bidn phdp duge cdc chu thl quydn SHTT ydu eiu dp dyng phd bidn nhd uu didm vl thdi gian, hidu qud, ehi phi Uong qud trinh xft ly.
Thim quydn dp dyng bidn phdp hdnh chinh thuge vd 5 loai co quan khde nhau.
Vipc lya chpn co quan thim quydn tuong ftng nham yeu cdu dp dung bidn phdp nay ludn la llidch thftc ddi vdi nhidu ehft thl quydn. Hon nfta, ban ehl khi dugc dp dung bien phdp nay Id khdng thd ydu eiu bdi thudng tuong ximg vdi thidt hai ma chu thl quydn phdi gdnli chju. Ngodi ra, vide xac djnh hdnh vi xam phgm se phu thudc vao ddnh gid cua co quan thyc tlii. Trong irudng hgp can thiet. co quan thye thi se ydu cdu giam djnh SHTT ddc lap. Hidn nay, vide giam djnh SHCN do td chftc giam dinh chuyen nghidp tidn hanb^.
- Bien phdp kiim sodt bien giai Day id bien phdp hanh ehinh lucmg doi phd bidn tai cac nudc phat Uidn. Do nhdn thftc cdn han ehd nen cac chu thd quydn cua Viet Nam chua tan dung tdi da bien phdp nay. Sau nhieu nam Ludt Hdi quan dugc ban hanh va cd hidu Iyc cimg vdi cac van ban hudng ddn chi tiet ve thft tuc tam dimg hdi quan ddi vdi hang hda nghi ngd xdm phgm quyin SHTT, nhidu chu the quydn van khdng bilt den khd nang dang ky tgi hai quan efta khau nlidm ydu cau tgm dimg thu tuc hai quan khi hang hda thdng quan ed diu hidu xdm phgm quydn SHTT. Theo ydu eiu ehft thl quydn, co quan hdi quan cd thim quydn dp dung cae bidn phap: tam dimg thft lye hdi quan hoac kilm Ua, giam sat hai quan de phdt hidn dau hieu xam
* Vifin Khoa h(?c SHTT duac thanh lap vio thing 6/2009 l i to chlic giam dinh SHTT du difiu kiln.
NHA NUdc vA PHAP LUAT sd 10/2012 phgm quyen. Tuy nliicn. hdi quan khdng cd thdm quydn m$c nhicn tgm dirng lam thu luc hdi quan doi vdi hdng hod nghi ngd xiim phgm quydn SHTT.
Mgt so bdt cdp na\' sinh trong qua trinh ap dyng blen phdp ndy lidn quan den quy djnh ve td khai hdi quan khdng cd thdng lin
\'c nhdn hipu; co quan hdi quan khdng ty dung thdng quan; khdng dl nghj gidm sdl hdi quan sau thdng quan vd klidng cd thdng tin vc chu thl quydn khi dp dung bipn phdp kiem sodl hang hda xual nhgp khau. Thyc te hdng hda qud canh va hang tgm nhdp tai xual CO dau hipu nghi ngd xam pham quyen cflng ddt ra mgt sd van de can phdi xem xdt vd mdt phdp ly Hon ihc, cdc chi tdi xu ly hang xdm phgm quydn SHCN ddi vdi CDTM kill dp dung bien phdp kidm sodt bien gidi chua thyc sy rd rang.
- Bien phdp hinh .su
Cho den nay, mdl sd vu viec lien quan ddn hanh vi xdm phgm quydn sd hthi Ui tup dd bi xft K hinh sy. Bg lual Hinh sy sua ddi ndm 2009 quy dinh eae ehe tdi phgt tidn vd phat lu mang linh rdn de hon quy djnh trudc dd. Didu 171 Bg ludt Hinh sy quy djnh, hdnh vi xdm phgm quydn SHCN "... ddi vdi nhan hidu hodc chi dan dia ly dang duge bdo hg tgi Viet Nam vdi quy md thuang mgi..." sd bj xu ly hinh sy. Tuy nhidn, vipe phan dinh ranh gidi hdnh vi xam phgm bi xu ly bdng bidn phdp hdnh chinh vd hinh sy chua rd rdng.
Vide djnh tgi danli theo Bg luat Hinh sy sd dp dung nlu xdc dinh "quy md thuang mgi", ma hidn nay vide danh gid "quy md thuong mgi" chi dya vao gid Uj hdng hda la chua phu hgp vdi yeu edu thyc td.
2.2. Ndng cao y thuc phdp lugt Quyin SHTT ndi chung vd quydn SHCN ndi ridng Id quyin mang tinh chat
"tu"; v$y dl ddm bdo thyc thi quydn phy thudc rit nhidu vdo y thftc tdn trgng phdp lu^l efta cdng chung vd y thuc ty bdo vp ctia chu thl quydn SHTT.
Trong qud trinh hgi nhdp quoe te, quan hd thuang mgi gifta Vipt Nam vdi ede nudc ngdy mdt nhilu vd cdc hinh thftc giao thuong cung hit sftc da dgng. Vipc bdo hd quyen SHTT eua ede chu thd nudc ngodi trong phgm vi ldnh thd Vipt Nam dugc thyc hipn theo phdp lugt Vipt Nam vd cdc dieu ude qudc tl md Vipt Nam Id thanh vien.
Bdn cgnh dd, van dd hdt sftc phftc tgp dugc ddt ra lidn quan ddn vipc bdo vp quyin SHCN ddi vdi CDTM cua Vipt Nam tren thj trudng nudc ngodi.
Trong qud khu, nhdn hidu ndi tidng cua Vipt Nam bj ddng ky tai thj trudng nudc ngoai dd xay ra (nhu nhan hidu VIFON, VINATABA...). Thdi gian qua lgi tdi dien vipc nhdn hieu cd chua chi dan dja ly ciia Viet Nam bj ddng ky tai nude ngodi nhu Cafe Budn Md Thudt...
Theo phdp ludl Viet Nam, quyen ddi vdi nhan hidu la quydn tdi sdn cua chu nhan hipu. Quyin doi vdi chi dan dja ly Id quyen tdi sdn efta Nhd nude. Vdy can ngdn ngira tinh Ugng quydn lgi efta cae chu the vd ciia Nhd nudc Vipt Nam bi chidm dogt, bj canh Uanh khdng ldnh mgnh tai thj trudng nudc ngodi. Vd bdn chat, quyen SHTT mang tfnh lanh thd triet dd vd vide bdo hg quydn SHTT efta Viet Nam tai nudc ngodi phy thudc vdo phdp ludt cua ehinh nude dd eung nhu cac didu ude qudc le ed lien quan. De trdnh viec bj "chidm dogt", ede ehu thd quydn SHTT can cd hidu bidt phap lugt - hidu bidt vd can cu bdo hg quyen ddi vdi CDTM theo phap luat cdc nudc va phap lugt qudc td. Ben (Xem tiip trang 85)
74
COQUANDAUMOIVACOCHM..
vdi du nhdn luc va tdi ehinh dl gidi quydl ede vin dd lidn quan den WTO, thilt lgp mdt CO chd phoi kit hgp gifta cde bd, ngdnh lien quan. Ngodi ra, Chinh phu cin su dyng sy ttg giup ed hidu qud tft cdc td chftc phi ehfnh phft, thidt lap su hgp lac song phuong va da phuang lien quan din chinh sdch thuong mai, tham gia cd hipu qud cdc thill ehl lidn quan den GQTC ttong WTO. Bdn cgnh dd, eae doanh nghidp cdn phdi hgp tdc chat che vdi Chinh phu de ed the bdo vd quydn vd lgi fch hgp phdp eua chfnh minh;
ngugc lgi, Chinh phft ciang phdi tham vin cdng ddng doanh nghiep.
Tdm lgi, ea che GQTC cua WTO van cd the la con dao hai ludi. Ydu ciu ddl ra dli vdi Chfnh phft Vipt Nam trong giai doan tdi Id phdi sdn sdng dl ttc ng trudng hgp cin thill cd thl ehuyin nd thdnh ludi guom nhfim tdn cdng hodc Id chdn nhfim bao vd lgi ich kinh tl chinh ddng cua Vidt Nam trong sdn choi todn ciu. Dl dgt duge mue dich ndy, vipc xdc ldp co quan diu mli vd ca chi phoi kit hgp ddng bg nhdm GQTC trong WTO cd hipu qud Id yeu eiu bftc thidt cua Vipt Nam hipn nay.
(Tiip theo trang 74 - Bdo ve "thuang hiiu"...)
cgnh dd, can sdm tidn hdnh xdc lap quydn SHCN ddi vdi CDTM tgi cdc thi Uudng tidm nang, ttdnh rui ro trong qua Uinh giao thuang qude tl. Ngodi ra, ein duy tri vipc theo ddi thi trudng tidm nang, phdt hidn sdm cdc nguy co Uanh chap tai thj trudng nude ngoai eiing nhu nguy co xam phgm quydn "nguydn gdc" efta ehinh minh sau khi dd bj ehft thl khde ndm gift tgi thi trudng nudc ngoai.
Ket luan
Bdo vd "thuong hidu" can dua ttdn phdp Iudt bdo hd quyin SHCN ddi vdi CDTM;
cin nang cao ndng luc vd sy phdi hgp cua he thong cdc co quan thye thi; ehu ttpng den viec tuydn truydn phd biln phap luat, ndng cao y thuc tdn Ugng quyen SHCN va y thuc ty bdo ve efta cdc ehu thd quydn SHCN ddi vdi CDTM.
