BAO TON VA PHAT TRI^N THU DO H M iH\jl
Ths.KTS La Kim Ngdn
ViOn trudng ViOn Quy hogch Xdy dyng Hd NOi va cOng sy - Ths.KTS Vu Modi Due
THU DO H A N O I T R O N G T U Q N G LAI SE P H A T T R I ^ N H I ^ N DAI M A V A N B A O T O N DU'P'C NHCTNG DAC TRU'NG
V O N C O , Tiep N O I D U ' O C Q U A T R I N H H I N H T H A N H V A P H A T TRlfN C U A T H A N G LONG - H A NOI- TU'NG BLfOC XO'NG
T A M L A T H U D O C U A D A T NU'O'C TRONG THO'I KY D A Y MANH C O N G NGHIEP H O A , H I ^ N DAI H O A , L A "TRUNG TAM DAU NAO CHINH TRI - HANH CHINH QU6C GIA, TRUNG TAM LON V^ VAN HdA. KHOA HOC GlAO DtJC, KINH T^ VA GIAO DICH QU6C Tt CUA CA NUtiC"
B A O T 6 N C A C G I A TR! V A N H O A V A T T H t VA PHI VAT TH^:
Thu dd ngdn nam vdn hien. Thu dd thanh Ijch. Thu dd hda binh. Thu dd anh hung... Tat cd nhung cym tu ndy deu hdm chua net dep vdn hda, dac trung van hoa cua Hd NOi, Theo dau an cua thdi gian md ddng chay Ijch su da de Igi trong dja gidi hdnh chfnh Thu dd ngdy nay, nhieu dja danh noi tilng ... gdn lien vdi Ijch su dyng nude, giu nude va md rOng dja gidi nhu:
Thdnh C l Loa, Thanh d San Tdy, Khu Hodng Thdnh Thang Long vd di tfch 18 Hoang DiOu;
- Khu vyc pho c l (thuOc qudn Hodn Kilm) Id khu vyc bao gom nhung 10 p h i kiln triJc nho, chu y l u Id nhd d hinh Ing, gan lien vdi phuang thuc kinh doanh theo kilu p h i chpr, mat dO dan cu ddy dgc, tgo nen sy sIm uat cua dd thj, vdi mOt khu vyc di sdn d l y ddc, cd gid tri vdn hda, dgc trung cho Thu dd Hd Ndi.
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LBi trung tSm phi cA
B^ xuit phuc dung mjl dimg theo hinh thi/c truyin thing
Tuy^ ph6 Sk xuit bio tin, phvc di/ng, cii t90 theo hinh thi>c nhi 6 phi c4 truyin th6ng
liqin pho dnult efl tvo, dMi trang.
Q 83i di xe di xuit m<)ri
xay di/ng cac bji d6 xe giai quyit vin di giao thfing linh, phuc vg du l|Ch, tham quan.
- Khu phi cu la khu vyc dd thj chu y l u phdt trien vdo nua dau t h i ky XIV (thuOc qudn Hodn Kiem, mOt phIn qudn Hai Ba Trung vd quan Ba Dinh) vdi cdc cOng trinh mang phong each kiln true c l dien Phap: Nha Hat Ldn, d u Long Bien, Ga Hd NOi, Phu Chu tjch... trong do da cd pha trOn phIn ndo ban sac kiln true rieng cua Viet Nam, diln hinh Id Bdo tdng Ijch su, Bdo tdng My thudt... Ddy Id khu d cd d u true do thj dgc biet, hodn chinh vdi mat dO xdy dyng thIp, cdc khoang khdng gian xanh, vudn hoa, cdc cdng trinh kiln true cOng sd vd dgc bipt Id hO thong biOt thy da dang dupe cdng nhdn cd gid trj v l kiln true tgo nOn tong the hdi hoa vdi dgc trung kiln true cu thdi Phdp thuOc.
- Ldng vd Idng nghl truyen thong cd d u tnjc dgc trung cua Idng que Bac BO, dan xen vdi cdc cdng trinh kiln trde tOn giao, tin ngudng da dgng: dlnh, chua, ldng tam, din milu, bia mO van chl... vdi nhu'ng dang thuc kiln true tieu bilu riOng cho cac thdi dgi: Ly, Tran, Le, Nguyen. Dac biet cd nhilu Idng d cd gid tri v l van hda nhu: Dudng Ldm, Bat Trdng, Vgn Phuc...
He thing cum cdc di tfch vd cdc di tich dan le khdc ton tgi thdnh
nhung danh lam co ty vao bac nhat trong ca nude nhu: Van Milu, Chua Mpt cot, dlnh Kim Lien, den Quan Thanh, Vol Phuc, Chua Thay, chua Tay Phuong, dlnh Thuy Phieu, dlnh Tay Ddng, Chu Quyen...
Cung ton tgi vdi cac gia tri van hda vat the Id nhung gia trj van hda phi vat the. Dd la cdc le hOi truyen thong, tdn vinh cac anh hung dan tOc, cac vj to nghe cd cdng khai sang, giO gin phong tuc tap quan cua cOng dong ddn cu, thuc hanh cac nghi thuc tin ngudng tdn gido, cdc phong tuc, tgp quan, loi song ngudi Ha NOi... Chfnh nhOng gia trj van hda phi vat the nay da trd thanh net thanh Ijch hao hoa, trong khdng gian thanh p h i , trong moi via he, goc pho, mdi cdng trinh di tich, tdn giao tin nguong, nha d, da tao thanh dau I n van hien ngudi Ha NOi trai ddi s u i t ngan nam Ijch su.
Quy hogch Chung xay dung Thu dO Ha NOi din nam 2030, tam nhin d i n nam 2050 da dupe Thu tudng Chfnh phu phe duyet tgi quylt djnh sd 1259/
QD-TTg. Theo dd, Thu dd Ha nOi se dupe phdt trien tren nguyen tac xuyen su6t la hdi hda can bang giua nhu d u bao ton va phat trien, khdng chi l<hac hpa hinh anh Ha Npi trong tuang lai vdi cdc giai phap djnh hudng ve quy hoach, tgo lap cac ca hOi phat triln vd sue hap ddn cho Thu dO, md con de xuat cac giai phdp nham bao ton va phat huy cdc gid tri van hda - ljch su von cd, dua di san trd thdnh dOng lye phdt trien kinh te - xa hOi cua ThiJ do. Tong quan Id: bao tdn va phat huy cac khdng gian canh quan sinh thai tu nhien (hinh thanh cac khdng gian hanh lang xanh, vanh dai xanh, nem xanh chiim ty le khoang 70% dien tich dat tu nhien) va cac khdng gian van hda, lich st> dac trung.
CAC NHOM GlAl PHAP C a B A N :
• Duy tri vd dam bao sy hoat dOng cua cdc d u triJc do thj dgc trung trong khu pho CO va khu pho Phap.
• Bao ton vd phat huy he thong gid tri van hda, Ijch su, canh quan.
• Khoanh vung di tfch, di sdn do thj, tgo lap cac khdng gian dem bao vO, hinh thdnh hO thong giao thdng, canh quan d l dam bao sy tilp can dupe thudn Ipi vd canh quan hap din.
• Xay dyng ca chl, chfnh sach tgo nguon lye ddu tu cho cdc khdng gian/
cdng trinh d n bdo ton vd phat huy gid tri.
• Cdc giai phdp nham giam tai, khac phyc sy mat can doi giua mat dO dan cu vd ndng lye cua he thong hg tang trong khu vyc nOi do lich su tgo dilu kien bdo ve cac di sdn dd thj, qua dd phdt huy gid tri di san:
Tiep tyc kien djnh vdi muc tieu giam quy md ddn so xuong 80 van dan tgi khu vyc nOi do Ijch su; tang ty le dd thj hda, xdy dyng mang ludi dO thj dong bO vdi dd thj trung tdm, dd thj ve tinh vd cdc thj tran nham dap ung nhu d u djch cu, gian cu; dong thdi vdi viec phdt triln mO hinh nOng thOn mdi nham han c h l di dan ty do vdo thdnh thj vd bdo vO he thong lang xdm dgc trung.
- Di ddi cdc ca sd cdng nghiep, try sd ca quan, trudng dgi hpc, ca sd y t l gdy d nhiOm hiOn huu ra khoi nOi dO, thay the bang cdc chuc nang khdc tren ca sd uu tien cho cdc myc dich tang cay xanh, chl tieu ha tang xa hOi
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vd chl tieu hg tang ky thudt cua khu vyc hoge su dung cho cdc chuc nang dgc biet cua dO thj (nhu cOng vien, vudn hoa, cdy xanh, hg ting xa hOi cOng ich nhu nhd tre, trudng hpc, trgm y t l , bdi do xe, hg tang ky thugt, djch vy...)
Cdi tgo, xdy dyng Igi cdc khu tgp the, cdc Idng xdm theo hudng gidm mgt dO xdy dyng, tang cudng cdc tiOn ich xa hOi vd hp thing hg tang ky thugt, cdi thipn mdi trudng.
-Thay t h i cdc khu o chuOt - khu ddn cu phdt triln ty phdt bang cdc khu nhd d hiOn dgi, ding bO ve hg tang.
- Xdc Igp hO thing mgt nude gdn vdi khdng gian cdy xanh, canh quan ty nhien, nhdm tdng chi tiOu dipn tich cdy xanh cho ngudi ddn Thu dd, cdi tgo vd Idm sing lai cac dong sdng cung nhu sy liOn thdng giua cdc ho vd ddng sdng d (Ho Tdy - TO Ljch...)
Xdc Igp de bdo ve cdc khdng gian xanh cd gid tri canh quan ty nhien dgc biOt nhu Ba VI, Huang Tich, Sdc San vd vung ndng nghipp nam giua sOng Day vd sdng Tich.
- Xdc Idp KhOng gian xanh xung quanh DO thj trung tdm (duac gidi hgn bdi sdng Ddy d phia Tdy vd sdng Cd Lo d phia Bdc). Trong dd thi trung tam Igi xdc lap vdnh dai xanh dya theo sdng Nhue, nham kiem sodt ngudng phdt triln ve dan so, phu hap vdi ndng lye dam nhgn dupe cua he thong hg ting trong dd thj loi Ijch SLF.
Cac nhdm giai phdp tren se dam bdo khdng gian loi Ijch su cua Hd NOi vdi nhung gia trj di san dd thj dupe bao ton vd phdt huy, tgo nen ddc trung rieng cua Thu dd, theo dd tgo ra dOng lye mdi cho sy phdt triln kinh t l xa hOi dya tren nen tang gia trj van hoa va tri thCrc.
P H A T T R I ^ N G A N L I ^ N vCri B A O TdN
KhOng gian dd thj dupe xdc lap tren md hinh dd thj trung tdm kit nli vdi cac dd thj vO tinh, cdc dd thj giQ" vai trd hgt nhdn trong vung ndng nghiOp - nOng thOn (cdc thj trIn huyen ly, cdc dO thj mdi), thdng qua mgng ludi cac tnjc hudng tdm vd vdnh dai, cdc phuang tien giao thOng cOng cOng tie dO nhanh.
Do thj trung tam
Tren ca sd khung phat triln chung, ddc dilm vd hinh thai tu nhien, tgo lap cdc phdn khu dO thj cd ddc trung v l d u true, khdng gian vd tfnh chit
chiJ'c ndng nli trOi. Nhdm phdt huy dupe Ipi t h i , tgo ra cdc nguIn lye vd mO hinh phdt triln hpp If cho tung khu vyc. Dd thj trung tdm dupe xdc lOp bdi ede phdn khu dd thj nhu sau:
• Khu vi/c phia Nam sdng Hdng:
Khu vyc nOi dO Ijch sCi' dup'c gidi hgn tu bd Nam sdng Hing din vdnh dai 2. Myc tiOu chu y l u Id tdp trung bdo tin tOn tgo, phdt huy cdc gid trj kiln true, ljch su, cdnh quan cua khu vyc nOi thdnh vd dupe kilm sodt qua cdc phdn khu dO thj nhu khu phi C l , khu phi Phdp, khu Hodng Thdnh Thdng Long trung tdm Ba Dlnh Ijch su, khu h i Guam vd phy cdn, khu h i Tdy vd phy cdn; Ting cao phdi
I -' ii^n.^s-nn o,'A«iit! (T^h^ii «^ha k\hfwTsn v s w t n » n n c a o natiig.
Hinh thdnh hO thing cdc hO trye khOng gian chu dgo, cdc trye khdng gian cdnh quan, vdn hda ljch si>: Trye khOng gian sOng Hing (gIm hO thing cOng viOn, cOng trinh mang tfnh bilu lup'ng mang tfnh thdi dgi cua Thu dO), Trye vdn hda Ijch s u ( C l L o a - H l T d y ) . . .
Xdc Idp hO thing cdc trung tdm d p quIc gia vd khu vyc g i n vdi cdc d n g trinh bilu tupng nhu: Trung tdm chinh trj hdnh chfnh QuIc gia tgi Ba Dinh vd Tdy H i Tdy; Trung tdm chinh trj, hdnh chfnh Thu dd: qudn Hodn Kilm hiOn nay; Trung tdm vdn hda: H i Tdy, H i Hodn kilm; Trung tdm
KlHieU
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thuang mgi, tdi chinh Tdy Ho Tdy; trung tdm bdo ton Ljch su: Hodng thdnh, Phi cd...
Cdi tgo vd xdy dyng Igi cdc khu tap the cu: Nguyen Cdng Tru, Kim Lien, Trung Ty, Giang Vd - Hdo Nam, Thanh Cdng, Phuang Mai, Khuang Thup'ng tren nguyen t i e kilm sodt ddn s i , khdng xdy dyng cao tang d l i vdi vung anh hudng d i n cdc khdng gian bdo ton; xay dyng mat dO thIp d l tgo dupe quy dat b l sung cho cdc chuc ndng hg tang xa hOi con thilu trong khu vyc nhu: diOn tich cdy xanh, bai do xe, tien ich cdng cOng, trudng hpc, nhd tre, mau gido, chp...;
- Khu vuc nOi do md rOng; tu vdnh dai 2 d i n sdng NhuO: myc tieu chu ylu Id hdi hda giua phdt trien, tai phdt triln vd d i tgo.
Tilp tyc phdt triln trung tdm d p quIc gia mdi hd trp cho khu vyc nOi dO lich su tgi My Dinh, Me Tri vd Tdy H i Tdy trd thdnh cdc cdng trinh mang tinh bilu tupng mdi cua thdi ky hOi nhdp vd phat triln nhu: trung tdm hdnh chinh, van hda, thuang mgi, tdi chinh, t h i dye the thao Quoc gia...; tilp tyc hodn thiOn cdc khu dd thj mdi hiOn dgi nhu: Ciputra, Trung HOa Nhdn Chinh, Nam Trung Yen, Djnh COng, Linh Ddm, Yen Sd...
Tai phat triln cdc khu vyc phai chuyin doi di ddi nhu cdc ca sd cdng nghiep:
Thupng Dinh, VTnh Tuy, Gidp Bat - Thjnh Lipt; mOt so trudng ddo tgo, ca sd y t l gdy d nhilm...
Cai tgo cdc Idng xdm dd thj hda, xdy dyng Igi cac khu tap the: NghTa Tan, Thanh Xudn, Thupng Dinh, Mai DOng, Quynh Mai...
Trong khu vyc ndy dupe kiem sodt bdi 4 phdn khu dd thj tren ca sd cdc trye hudng tdm hiOn huu: QL 32, QL 6, QL1
Vdnh dai xanh: tgo Idp theo ddng chay sdng NhuO vdi he thing mat nude, cdc khOng gian md gan vdi cac hogt dOng cdng cOng, vui chai giai tri, cdng vien chuyen d l , cdng vien cdy xanh t h i due the thao vd khdng gian cdng cOng Idn khdc cho dd thj trung tdm, bo sung hg t i n g do thj cho khu vyc nOi dd Ijch su; vdnh dai xanh cung hp thong cdc nem xanh, k i t n l i vdi he thing hanh lang xanh ngogi d, tgo thdnh bO khung bao ve thien nhiOn, giQ"
gin cdn bdng sinh thdi thdnh pho"; tgo dilu kipn Idm cho Hd NOi phdt trien b i n vung, bdo vO cdc di sdn Thdng Long co nam trong khu vuc nOi dd Ijch su trude sue ep cua dd thj hda.
- Hinh thdnh cdc khdng gian dd thj mdi phia Ddng dudng vdnh dai 4: thuOc cac huyOn Dan Phuang, Hodi 0(rc, Thanh Tri vd qudn Hd DOng, (tu vdnh dai xanh sdng NhuO d i n vdnh dai 4); tgo lap cac khdng gian dd thj mdi hien dgi - dd thj cd dac trung gan lien vdi khdng gian sinh thdi dam bao k i t noi vdi khdng gian hdnh lang xanh - sOng Ddy, gan lien vdi cdc true phdt triln kinh t l - vdn hoa mdi cua Thu do nhu: Tdy Thdng Long, Ba VI - Ho Tdy, Dgi LO Thdng Long, Le Vdn Luang keo ddi, Trye Nam Hd Ddng; dong thdi phdt triln mgnh he thing cdc cdng trinh ha tang ky thudt dau m l i .
• Khu vuc phia Bdc, Ddng Bdc sdng Hdng:
Cdc ddng chdy theo sdng Thilp vd dim Van Tri, sdng Duong vd sdng Cd Lo da dinh dang cho cdc phdn khu dd thj phfa Bac vdi cdc ddc trung ca ban Id dd thj sinh thdi, mat dO thap.
Theo dd, cdc phdn khu phdt triln theo cdc tuyIn giai dan xen vdi ddng chdy ty nhien tgo nen nhung "Ic ddo sinh thdi"- hdi hda vdi khdng gian mat nude vd cdnh quan ty nhien. Dong thdi, dupe noi k i t bdi cdc tuyIn lien k i t vdi san bay NOi Bdi vd hdnh lang kinh t l Cdn Minh - Ldo Cai - Hd NOi - Hg Long, tgo nen cac dOng lye phdt trien mdi nhu: true dudng Bac Thang Long - NOi Bdi, true dudng Clu Nhat Tdn - sdn bay NOi Bdi, QL1A mdi... Khdng gian trpng tdm tgo ra hinh dnh dd thj thjnh vupng xdc lap ngay phia bd Bdc sdng Hong tgi Phuang Trach vdi cdng trinh bilu tugng Id trung tdm triln lam Asian. Thap tdi chinh ngan hang, theo true Nhat Tdn nOi bdi Id Idng van hda Asian; to hgp cdc cdng trinh van phong - chung cu - thuang mgi cua mOt dd thi dang d p quoc t l ; quan t h i cdng trinh cua ngo vdo Thu dd; khdng gian vui chai giai tri I n hien trong nhung mdng xanh Idn den sdn bay NOi Bdi. Tu he tmc ndy se k i t n i l theo cac tuyen DOng-Tay tgo lap cdc khOng gian hgt nhan cho cac khu chuc nang dd thj hai ben.
Do thj ve tinh, cac do thj hat nhan cua vung nong nghiep - nong thon Cdc dO thj ndy se duac phdt triln theo cdc chuc nang chu dao vdi cdc dac trung ve d u true vd khdng gian dya tren dac diem ve dieu kien ty nhien vd ca sd hg tang hien h&u. Trong dd, Hoa Lgc duge xem la dO thj doi trpng - cyc phat trien Idn nhIt ve phia Tdy vdi cdc chtpc nang d p Quoc gia nhu: giao due
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ddo tao, cdng nghO cao, y t l chuyen sdu, cdc khu du Ijch vui chai giai tri, vd cdng vien nghTa trang... Ddy cung Id dilm cua ngo cua Hd NOi ve phia Tdy, Tdy Ble, Tdy Nam, n l i k i t vdi cdc dO thj, cdc khu vyc phdt triln kinh t l trOn trye dudng Ho Chf Minh.
Phdt triln khu vyc ndng thdn theo mO hinh bdo ton d u true Idng, d e gia trj van hda vOt t h i vd phi vOt t h i , ddc biOt doi vdi cdc ldng d d nhilu gid trj v l van hda; hgn c h l khOng xdy dyng nhd d Id phi, cao ting; khuyin khich xdy dyng cac logi nhd nong thdn truyen thing; ho trp cdc gidi phdp giam thilu 0 nhilm mOi trudng trong cdc Idng nghl; hgn c h l khOng san lap ao ho, khoet niii; cai tgo, bo sung hp thing hg ting ky thudt; k i t n l i giua dO thj vd ndng thOn, lien kit ve canh quan giua he thong di tich nOng thOn vdi vung cdnh quan lan can.
K^T LUAN:
Thu dO Hd NOi trong tuang lai se phdt triln hiOn dgi md vSn bdo t i n dugc nhung dac trung v i n cd, tilp n l i dugc qud trinh hinh thdnh vd phdt triln cua Thdng Long - Hd Npi.
Tung budc xung t i m Id Thu dO cua dIt nude trong thdi ky d l y mgnh d n g nghiOp hOa, hiOn dgi hda. Id "trung tdm diu nao chinh trj - hdnh chinh qudc gia, trung tdm l&n vi vdn hda, khoa hQc, gido di^c, kinh ti vd giao djch qudc ti cua cd nu6c". Cdc gidi phdp quy hogch dugc d l xult d i u nhlm dgt dugc cdc myc tiOu:
Tgo ra mO hinh phdt triln dO thj d$c trung 'mdt nude - cdy xanh"
- Duy tri vj t h i , hinh dnh Thu dO vdn hiln, Thu dO HOa binh.
Tgo ra khd ndng n l i k i t vdi d c trung tdm cua khu vyc, ca nude vd quoc t l Tgo nen cdc dOng lye tdng trudng mdi
- Khai thdc t l i da d c Igi t h i , tilm nang cua cdc khu vyc xung quanh
Mpi nguIn lye gidi phdp d i u tgp trung hudng tdi hinh dnh Thu dO trong tuang lai:
"XANH - V A N H I ^ N - V A N IWIINH - Hl£N DAI", can bang giua " B A O T 6 N - P H A T
TRieN"
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