Cac yeu to rui ro
thudng gap trong du" an PPP
ITnh vyc ket cau ha tang tai Viet Nam
NGaY^N THE VINH*
MAI V A N SAG"
NGGYEN VIET HCfNG*"
Tom tat
Bdi viet nhdm xdc dinh rui ro cho sU phdt trien ciia cdc dU dn ddu tU theo hinh thdc ddi tdc cong - tu (PPP) trong linh vuc ki't cau hg tdng tgi Viet Nam. Ket qua nghien edu cho thdy, khu vUc tunhdnphdi chiu cdc riii ro, tii: tunhien; tdi chinh; chi sdkinh tevimo; xdy dung; vd RHi ro hogt dong. Trong khi do, khu vUc cong phdi ganh chiu Rui ro xd hgi, Rui ro du dn lua chon vd Rui ro chinh tri. Nghien edu ciing cho thdy, Riii ro phdp ly vd phdp lugt, Rui ro moi quan he nen dU0c chia se bdi cdkhu vUc cong vd khu vUc tunhdn. Ngodi ra, nghiin eiiu cdng cung cap thdng tin quan trong ve xdc dinh ruirovd fao ccJ sd cho viec phdn bo rui rochocdcdudn ket cau hg tdng xd hgi xdy dung thong qua hinh thdc PPP d Viet Nam.
Tuf khoa: hap tdc cong tu, xdc dinh rui ro, ddnh gid rdi ro, ddi tdc tunhdn, khu vUc cong, ki't cau hg tdng
Summary
This paper aims to identify the risks to the development of PPP projects in infrastructure in Vietnam. The output indicates that private sector faces multiple risks such as Nature; Finance;
Macroeconomic indicators; Construction; and Operational risk. Meanwhile, public sector encounters Social risk. Project risk, and Polilical risk. The study also shows that Legal risk, Relationship risk should be shared by both public and private sectors. In addition, it provides important information on risk identification and creates a basis for risk allocation for social infrastructure projects in the form of PPP in Vietnam.
Keywords: public-private partnership, risk identification, risk assessment, private partners, public sector, infrastructure
GlOfI THIEU dich xac dinh phan bd rui ro cho cac dU an PPP ket cau ha tang d ViSt Nam. Nhu'ng ket qua cua nghiSn Thuc tiln trien khai cac dU i n PPP cUu ky vong giup ca khu vUc cong va tunhSn hieu rd tai Viet Nam cho thS'y, hau he't cac dU hdn cac ye'u to' rui ro cd the xay ra dd'i vdi cac du an an PPP deu cd tdng mUc dau tU Idn va PPP, cung nhU sU ph3n bd cua chiing; dong thdi, cung thdi gian thuc hien du" an (bao gdm ca cap thong tin cd gia tri cho cac td chiJc cd y dinh tham thdi gian thi cong va thdi gian van h&nh, gia cic dU an PPP tai Viet Nam.
khai thac dU an) k6o dai, mdt so' dif an , v , , , cd vdng ddi 25-30 nam. Dieu nay an CO SO LY THUYET VE QUAN LY RUI RO PPP chiJa rat nhieu rui ro, nhU: nha dau tU cd
the rdi bo dU dn, thS't thoat doanh thu, Ccf sot ly thuyS't du an gap khd khan ve tai chinh... Tuy Xdc dinh rui ro
nhien, hien nay, tai Viet Nam chUa cd Dua tren cac nghien ct?u cua Abednego va cong sU nghien cu'u cu the nao nham xac dinh (2006), Li va cdng sU (2005), Shen va cong sU (2006)..., cac yeu to rui ro cua dU an PPP ndi cac yeu tdrui ro dUdc tac gia tap hdp thanh 10 nhdm, chung, du an PPP lmh vUc ket ciu ha cu the la: chinh tri, xay dUng, phap ly, kinh te, van tang ndi rieng. Chinh vi vay, nhdm tac hanh, thi trUdng, tai chinh dU an, lUa chgn dU an, mdi gia thUc hidn nghien cUu nay vdi muc quan he va yeu tdtU nhien (Bang 1).
*TS., "ThS., *"ThS., Hpc vien Chinh sach va Phat trien - Bo Ke ho^ch va Dau tU Ngay nhan bai- 24/02/2020; Ngay phan bien: 12/03/2020; Ngay duy?i ddng: 19/03/2020
STT I N h 6 i i ^
BANG I: CAC LOAI RUI RO THCfdlSG GAP TAI DCT AN PPP Thay doi luat Loai rui r Ch^in tre tron^ viec pile duy^tva can phep dif ^n Tai san cii the bi sung cong hoac quoc hiJu h,Q^
Stf tnau tliuan giOa cac chinh sach cua chinh phti Sif dot lap chinh tri manh tne
Chinh pht] khong on dinh Stf can thiep cua chinh phii Bo tin cay, chac ch5n cua chinh phu Khong^nlian difJc sy uU diii. nhu'dng bo Sif sfn CO cua nhan sif hoac v^t heu thich hdp Sif san CO cua tai chinh
Chi^phi xay^dung jihat sinh Thiet ke khong day dfl Thcli g]
Thay doi thiet ke muon
S J that hai cua nha thau/kha nang cua SPY
Rtii ro phap ly
Riji ro ve kinh i
difng bi tre H(Jp dong CO riii ro cao Bieu kien Jia ky ihuat dac biet
Rdt ro trong qua trinh hoan thanh Nang ItTc yen kem cua lien danh Si^ dung ky thuat chu'a difHc chiing n Rut ro ve chat lUdng
Mat kha nang thanh todn cho thau phu
Tay nghe chat lu'ong thap a nha cung cap Stf thav doi pham vt
Sif thay doi ve guy dinh thue thieti ton trong lu3t phap 1 iiaiii iiiiuii^ Vd m i e u luii i n m ^ m a i p i m p Stf thay doi hoac thieu rihat quan cua phap luat Thay doi qyy dinh vc coiig nghiep Sijhan ch§ xuaL^nhap khau Han che ty le hoan tra Bien dong 1;
Bien dgng ve lam phat _ Ngoai hot va chuyen doi Thi tnfftng tai chinh kem phdt trien Chi phi bao tri cao hdn dif kien quiing ihiJi gian nhifdng quyen RUI ro hoat dong tai chinh
Nang suat van hanh tha
pili ro hen quan den gia ca cua hang hoa/dich vu Van hanh khong lign luc
Chat lygng cua viec ygn hanh Thav doi trong vigc van hanh Rui ro ve ha tang can Ihiel Lang phi
Thav dot thue Nhu cau ciia thi trtfring
Bien dong chi phi nguyen vat heu (do tUnhanl Riii ro trong viS'
lu'a chon dtf an
•Sif phan doi cua c6np chung doi vfii du" dn Cn it nha dau tif tham gia dau thau Nhu cau doi vtii dif an Rui rocanh tranh Sif khac biet ve. phu-dng phap
Rui ro quan he
Rui ro tai chinh dif an
nghe.
tien dong c.h\ phi nguyen vat heu fdo chinhphiil
Khong du kmh nphiem ve PPP
n viec. bt quyet giuli cdc ben doi tac ...long CO sif cam ket chat che itf phia doi tac nha nu'dc/Cif nhan . Rni rn Irons viec phoi hdp cong viec giiJa cac dPl tdc Trdch nhiejn cna hen thiiba
.Sir phan ho ihieu hdp Iv gii'fa trdch nhiem v^ ru.ij:Q_
'nam phdn chifa dav dii inffic khi hat dau .'>if khiing bndnf^ nhan su"
'Khdc hiSt v ^ hod t^iga ydr Ue-n hen Quan KhAng r^ stf tb^m gi;i cua conP donp dia phlfftllE f;,f hap d3n tai ^hinh fiia dif an doi vdi cac nh^ da» tif r|ii phi da'u thau
\ .III l l l l l " 1 " <-iiav >-^^ ; ^^ —
Tri hnan tropp vi^c chot phifdnP an tat chititL.
i/i.A.,r, ,.A Vhi n n n o VMV n d Y;\if>ri^, CO kha nang vav nd Tbi^u b4o l^nb chinh phu f^l-ijjmtretron'"^'^'- fhanh
j i a l M n j
thprih todn nien kim
Phdn bdruiro
^ Phan b6 rui ro la mdt trong nhffng yeu to' quan trong de qudn 1^ rui ro trong cac du ^n PPP. Viec phan b6 rui ro se giup cac khu vuc cdng va tU nhSn dat dUdc su"
phSn bo can bang cac trach nhiSm.
^ Theo Li va cong sU (2005), viec phan bd rui ro de cSp den mot bien phap phan cdng chinh giffa khu vUc cdng va tU nhSn.
Dieu quan trong la phSn bo rui ro dUdc truyen dat va hilu ro rang giiJa cac ben.
Ket qua nay da dUdc chUng minh bdi Shen va cong sU (2006), ph§n bo rui ro la mot trong nhffng Idi the cua PPP, vi khu vifc cong va tU nhSn cho phep chia se riii ro.
Nghien ciJu cua Wang va cdng st/
(2009) cho thS'y, cd 3 nguyen tac trong cau true cac dU an PPP, gom: Xac dinh cac rui ro chinh; Ddnh gid miJc dp chap nh3n cua tUng rui ro; PhSn bd' rui ro cho ben lien quan. Cho den nay, nhieu cdng trinh nghien cttu d^u cho rang, cac ddi tac khu vUc cdng va tif nhan can chap nhan ke' hoach phan bd riii ro trUdc khi hdp dong dUdc trao de dat dUdc gia tri cho muc tieu tien bac (Jayaseelan v\
cong su, 2006; Grimsey va cdng sU, 2000; Ibrahim va cdng sU, 2006).
PhUtfng phap nghian ciJu
3 dsS an trong nudc dUdc chgn &.%
nghien cUu tU cac dia phifdng khac nhau la: Du an BOT Cat LSy, DU an cao td'c Trung Luong - My Thuan, DU an BOT c^u Viet Tri. Trong dd, dU an BOT Cai Lay va DU an BOT cau Viet Tri la cdc du an da hoan thanh giai doan xay dung va budc sang giai doan tie'n hanh khai thac, nhUng bi dmh tre, tham chi tam dij'ng thu phi gay thidt hai cho nha dau tu va gay biJc xiic dd'i vdi ngUdi su' dung dich vu, budc co quan nha niTdc cd th^m quyen phai can thiep vao viec khai thac du an. Du an cao td'c Trung LUdng - My Thuan hien dang trong qua trinh triS'n khai xay diTng, nhUng da bi cham tien do trong nhieu nam gay thiet hai cho ca Nha nUdc, nha dau tU. Thdng tin cac dif dn nhu Bang 2.
KET QUA NGHIEN CLTU Phan tich cac tai lieu lien quan den 3 du dn ndi tren, cd mot so' rui ro duoc nhS'n manh va thudng xuyen dUdc de cap d6'n, do la: Rui ro chinh tri; Rui ro xay dUng; Rui ro ve nhu c^u cua thi trudng;
Rui ro ve sU dong thuan cua cong d6ng
T6n
Difdng cao toe Trung Lu'dng -My Thuan
Cau Viet Tri mdi
Dif an BOT Cai Lay
BANG 2: THOMG TIN CO BAN CUA CAC D^ AN DCTOC LtfA CHON DE NGHIEN CiSd Quy md
Binh di§n va trac doc dat tieu chu^n difdng cao toe van l6'c thiet ke' lOOktn/h. Giai doan 1, thiJc bien phan ky dau tif vdi b^ rfing nen flu'flng B nin = 17m; gom 04 lan xe rong 3,5m, cd ddi phan each giiTa, bo tri cac vj tri difng xe khan cap edch quang
Cong trinh cau: Be rpng cau Bclu=22,5m - BUdng d§n: Difdng cap III d6ng b^ng, Vtk=80Km/b, Bnen = 24,0m
Phan tuyen tranh. du'tfng cap 111 - Dong bang, Vtk=80km/h. Nen dtfdng Bn= 12,0m bao g6m 2 lan xe cd gidi vh 4 lan xe bon hdp. Ph^n tang cifcfng mat difdng QLl: giff nguyen nen, mat du'dng; bao tri, cai tao, tang cu'clng mat du'dng bio dam Eyc>=l 60Mpa
Nhk dSu tif
Lien danh, Cong ty Co phan Dau tif xay difng TUETU LOC; Cong ty TNHH san xua't thifdng mai dich vu Yen Khanh; Cong ty Co ph^n Dau tu" xay diJng BMT; Cong ty TNHH Tap doan Thang Ldi, Cong ty Co phan Hoang An; Cong ty C6 phan Bau tif caudtfcfng CII
Tdng Cong ty Xay du'ng Cong trinh giao thong 1; Cong ty Co phan Phat trien dau tif Thdi Sdn Bo Quoc phong, Cong ty TNHH San xuat Thu'dng mai Djch vu Yen Khanh
Cong ty Co phan Tif van Dau tif xdy dtfng Bac Ai; Cong ty Co ph^n Dau tuT, Tbifdng mai va xay du'ng giao thong 1
M m thi^c hi^n
2009
2014
2014 diu tif
9 668,53 (Ty dong)
1 900,55 (Ty dong)
1.398,18 (Ty dong)
TbUgiaii khaitbac
20 nam
18 nam
7 „ . . ftSng
BOT
BOT
BOT Tinh tr#ng
Dang tnen khai xay du^g
Dang khai Ihac
Dang khai thac
dia phUdng; Rui ro hdp d6ng; Rui ro tai chinh. Mot rui ro cd the den tit mot hoac nhieu nguyen nhan khac nhau va nd cung cd the gSy ra mot hoac nhieu hau qua khac nhau. Viec quan ly rui ro khdng hieu qua cd the din tdi mot loat hau qua, nhU: chS't lUdng kem, dU an bi tri hoan, tang vd'n, tranh chap hdp d6ng... (Shen va cdng sU, 2006). K6't qua cac loai riii ro do'i vdi 3 dU an nay dUdc the hien nhu Bangs.
Ket qua nghien cUu (Bang 3) cho thay, cac rui ro thudng gap do'i vdi cac du ^n dau tu theo hinh thUc PPP tai Viet Nam dUdc sap x6'p theo thU tU dUdi day:
Thii nhdt, Riii ro chinh tri, do nhiJng thay ddi phap ly va chinh sach ciia Chinh phii khdng hd trd. Cdc ye'u to' riii ro dang ke la su" can thiep ciia Chinh phii, thay doi luat phap, tri hoan phe duyet du an va gia'y phep. Riii ro xay ra khi chinh quyen dia phUdng khdng nhat quan ap dung cdc quy dinh va luat mdi.
Su cham tri phe duy6t va ca'p gia'y phep du an la kich ban khi cd su cham tri hoac tir chd'i phe duy6t dif dn ciia chinh quyin dia phUdng. Cd the thd'y, vdi dl/ an HOT Cai Lay va BOT cau Viet Tri, cd quan nha nUdc cd tham quyen da quyet dinh dUng thu phi khi chUa cd phUdng an giai quyet mau thuSn giu'a ngUdi sd dung dich vu va nha dau tu.
Trong khi dd, viec thay ddi phan vd'n
gdp nha nUdc dd'i vdi dU an Trung LUdng - My ThuSn la mot trong nhUng nguyen nhan lam dU an van dang dang dd sau nhieu nam trien khai.
Thd: hai, Riii ro xdy dUng, do ky thuat xay dung cd sai sdt, leo thang chi phi va cham tre trong xay dUng.
Ben canh do, viec thu hoi dat cung la mdt trong nhiJng yeu td' nii ro thUdng gap. Nd thUdng xay ra khi dd't dU an khdng cd sdn hoac khdng thi thu hdi tai thdi diem can thiet. Dd'i vdi dU an Trung LUdng - My Thuan, viec cham tien do xSy dUng lam tdng mUc dau tU tang len dang ke, dieu nay lam dU an khd hoan thanh va dUa vao siJ dung theo nhU muc tieu de ra.
Thd ba, Rdi ro thi trUdng, do nhu c^u hoac gia dich vu thay ddi so vdi mUc dU bdo, tao ra doanh thu it hdn mong ddi cua ngUdi dung. Yeu to' quan trong la thay ddi thuS'quan, nd xay ra khi thid't ke thue quan khdng phti hdp hoac khung dieu chinh khdng linh hoat dan den thu nhSp khdng du. Dd'i vdi cdc du an di vao hoat ddng, nhu: BOT Cai Lay va BOT cau Viet Tri, vi6c dp dung mUc thu phi nhunhau (ke ca dd'i vdi cac dd'i tUdng sinh sd'ng gan tram thu phi) da gay ra tinh trang hdn loan lam doanh thu til dU an khdng du de duy tri hoat dong va tra nd ngan hang.
Thd tu, Rui ro mdi quan he, chu ye'u la do to chUc, phd'i hdp, trdch nhiem va cam ket. Rui ro ddng ke la phUdng phap lam viec khac nhau. Ye'u td'rui ro nay cd the lam tang chi phi giao dich hoac tranh chap do td chUc va phoi hdp khdng phii hdp.
Thd ndm, Rui ro liXa chgn du dn, do nhu cau ciia diJ dn. Yeu to' quan trong la sU phan dd'i ciia cdng chiing do'i vdi du an. Dd la dinh kien va nhu cau tU cdng chiing do miJc sd'ng, gid tri, van hda, he thd'ng xa hdi khdc nhau... Nha dau tU dU dn BOT Cai LSy va BOT
BANG 3: KET QGA NGHIEN Cflo Logi rfii r o g4p phai
- M y
- Rdi ro xay iUng. Thdi gian bi cham tre
ro kinh tfi': Bid'n d6ng gia - lam phat; Thi tru'dng Si chinh kem phSt tn«"
Rui ro thi tnfdng Rui ro till chinh dif ai
an dtftfc khdi cong ISn dau vao nSm 2009 va tdi khdi dong nhieu lan, nhuMg deu "Up chig'u" do khong c6 von.
an cao toe Trung Lifdng - My ThuSn c6 tdng dau tif sau nhieu lan dieu chinh la 12.66S ty dong, Trong 66, nguon vd'n chfi s6 hffu va von \ 10.482 t j dong, von ngan sdch nhh nu'dc h §
> ty dong.
- Phan von khoang 1 200 ty dong ma VPBank v i n chila c6 ngan hilng nilo thay the bd dap
T6ng m a t dau tif tang den 3.000 t j dong chii yeii do UBND dnh Tien Giang chifp nhiin vi6c thay d6i ky thuat thi cong, vat lieu ket caii mSl du&ng tif de xuSt cua nha dau tif, bo sung them cSc c5ng tilnh difdng cau vifot, him dJ&ng b5.. lai cdc nut giao vdi cao toe.
Ngdy 23/07/2019. tju gdi tbau ia dif dn cao toe Tmng LuWng - My Thudn dd xay ra Bnh trang cong nhan ffinh c6ng, cang bdng ron ngan i
de dot n^. Tiep theo do, dau tudeu thong bdo vdi UBND tinh Tien Giang rdng. ho da can von. buoc phii
thi cong vao cuoi thdng 08/2019.
Hguqua
Hien nay, dif dn dang dUdc tiep tuc trien khai, nhung van co nguy cO khong hoan thdnh diing thai han do c6ng tdc giSi I g6p ciia Nhd nifdc c6n chdm, dem life chu dau ttfthap vd sU k&'t Ifing l^o tif phia ngSn hang cap von cho dil Dieu ndy cho thay, dtf dn
;ln c6 sU cam ket va tudn tfaij manh me htfn tu cho vay va Nhd nifdc.
Nbga#lijA
Dudn viei
1 ro xay difng. Sir silng cua nguon lUc tdi chinh - von, Sif yeu k6m
lien danh, ui ro phdp ly, Tham nhung va thieu ton trong luat phdp.
- Rui ro van hdnh' Nang suat van hdnh thJip.
- Rui ro trong viec lUa chon du- dn. Sir phan ddi ci cong Chung doi vdi d u a:
Van hanh fchong lien tuc.
- Mac dii cac dieu kien ve nang life, ho Cong ty Thai S<Jn vk cac thdnh vien trong lien danh chiTa ddp iJng yeu cau mfli thau theo quy dinh. nhulig van diT^c Ban Qudn ly dtf dn Thdng Long cha'p thuan va tiinh 8 0 Giao thong Van td]
tham dinh, phe duySt chi dmh lu'a chpn nha dau thu'c hien dif dn d^u nr xay duiig C^u Viet Trt theo hinh thii'c BOT lai Quyet dinh so 3567/QD- BGTVT. ngay 07/12/2013
Tai Dif dn Cau Vi6t Tri mdi. Ngan hdng BIDV da d i ^ tren ho sd do Cong ty Thai Sdn cung cap de ddnh i nang li/c ve tai chinh "Dat" la khong dung thu'c do. cdc so L?u tren Bdo cdo tdi chinh sai lech v6i iliifC le nhieu lan. Hdn niia. dieu chuyen can i ia cdc chi so ve tdi sdn va nguon von khong Cong ty Yen Khdnh da sil dung gid tri quyen f dung 16 ddt 3 531m' tai s ^ 7 - 9 Tfln Dffc ThSng.
phifdng BS'n Nghe. Qudn 1. TP. H 6 Chi Minh theo Giify chiJng nhan so BA 881193 d^ ldm (di san Aim J cua ben thlTba vd vay von tai mot sS^ngdn hilng thifc hi?n nhieu dif an trong d6 c6 dtf dn Cau Vipt Trt mdi Id khong dung quy dmh trong khi khu dat ndy la dai q u « phong, khong difdc phep the chap quyen sir dung dift Iheo quy dinh tai khoan 3, Dieu 9, Th6ng nr sS' 35/2009/rr-BQP, ngdy 20/07/2009 ciia QuSc phong
- Ngay 19/05/2015, ciu Hac Tti chinh thitc di th&ng xe. Ngay 02A)3/2016, Tong cue Duftng bp cho ph£p dat tm be tong chan tai hai difdng dan len Viet Trt cu. vdi ly do eau yeu kh5ng an todn. Tdt cd xe 6 to phdi qua cau Hac Trt.
- NgUdi dan da dap tru be tong chdn tai hai difdng dSn len cau Vtei Tri cu de xe Itfti th5ng theo tuyen difcfng ndy.
Hau qua la, diT an da khong tra dung cam ket, khong bo tri du von a nd. thieu tai sdn dam b i o an t:
K e tir khi cam xe 6 to chay qua ( Viet Trt cu. tmh hinh mai't UrSt tif im thu phi cau Hac T n hen tiep xdy , c6 chieu hifdng ngdy cdng phtfc tap.
Da nhieu l l n , ngu'di ddn phudng Bach Mac, T P Viet Tri vd ngu'di dan
da tu tap dong ngifdi tai hai cdy cau nay de phdn ilng viSc bi ch?n khong diTdc luU ihong qua eau ViSt Tri.
Sau 66, ngifdi ddn da ddp tru be tong chdn tgi hai dudng ddn ISn cau Vi?t Trt xe luU thong theo tuyfin dUdng - Viec can ViSt Tri duoe luu thong lai doanh thu tram BOT qua can Hae Tri gidm manh.
Ddnh gid ti6u chi ve vor chi5 sd hffu vd ndng lUc idi chinh cua Li€n danh tham gia dif Ihlu thieu chinh - DiT an khSng nhdn du'dc sir iing h6 cua ngifdi siJ dung vd c5ng dong ngiTdi ddn dia phifdng.
Ca hSn dl vay va ben di^m dinh tdi sdn, tdi chinh ctia ben di vay deu
ig trung thifc lam 0 md't von eho bdn phia ngdn hang va
3 phdp ly eho ben th6' chdp tdi sdn.
- DiT dn khong tien hdnh da'u thau liJa chon nhd diu tif md dp dung hinh thiJc chi dinh (hau cho mot li6n danh c6 nang lu'c kh6ng diit yeu cSu Idm gidm hi§u
" ;iiadLfdn.
. Sir c
DiTdn BOT
- Rui ro chinh thiep cua Chinh phij.
- Rui ro phdp \S Thi nhung vd thieu ton trong ludt phdp.
- Rui ro van hanh: Rui ri lien quan den gid ca cui hang hod/dich vu.
- Rdi ro thi tru'dng Nhi cau cua thi tn/dng - Rui ro Irong vj^c lifa chon dif dn: Sir phdn 66i ci3i cong ehung doi vdi dU an.
- Riii ro quan he, Rui rt irong viec phSi hdp c6n|
- Tram thu phi Cai Lay hoai dpng tir ngdy 01/08/2017 Tuy nhien, tif khi bat ddu viSc thuphi tram BOT nay bi tai x6'phdn doi du'dOi.
- Den ngay 30/11/2017, BOT Cai Lay hoat donj trd iai. nhu'ng tiep tuc bi phdn d6'i - Thieu cong khai. minh bach, Iham vd'n ddy di3 ngu'di dan (nTdc khi dat tram thu phi.
- Dif dn du'dc chi dinh thdu ma khong to ehifc d;
thau rgng rai.
• D6h ngdy 14/08/2017, diT dn phd difng thu phi,
- Tai cupc hop ngdy 04/12/2017, Thii tudng Nguyin Xudn Phiie chi dao dimg thu phi de nghien cihi phifdng dn xu' ly. Den nay, BOT Cai Lay vdn ehUa the hogt d6ng trd lai sau gan 2 am difng
BOT Cai Lay difng hdn 1 ndm khien nhd dau tiT thiet hai 130 tJ 66ng.
Viec ldm d i T d n d d U d n j doc dao khien ngUdi dar khong c6 quyen lUa chpn, 1 tram thu phi sai vi tr dan den mat cong bang, - Gid phi cao khong cudng xilng vdi chi't lirpng. chi phi dau tif, nha"! la vdi nhifng diT dn chi cdi tao, ndng ca'p duflng cQ,
Chat Itfdng dudng kem.
nhanh xudng cd'p, khien dich vu khdng tu'dng xiJng vdi chi phi ngu'di ddn phai trd.
cau Viet Tri dat tram thu phi tai ca dudng mdi va cu hoac cam luu thdng qua cau Viet Tri cu, trong khi ngUdi dan khdng cd nhu cau s^ dung cac cdng tnnh tren lam ngudi sur dung dich vu cd phan Ung manh, nhU: dap tru chdn dudng, tra tien le gay iln tac nghi6m trong...
Thd sdu, Rui ro tdi chinh du dn, do phat sinh ti^ viec phdng ngi^fa rui ro ddng doanh thu va chi phi tai chinh khdng day du. Rui ro ddng ke la thu hut tai chinh cua du an cho cac nha d^u tU. Nd xay ra khi nha d^u tU khdng hai long vdi doanh thu va tai chinh. Khi doanh thu tU dU an khdng dUdc nhuky vgng, phia nha d^u tU BOT Cai Lay da de xua't tra lai du dn cho Nha nUdc va Nha nUdc phai tra lai vd'n dau tu du an cho nhd dau tU.
Thd bay, Rui ro kinh te, do thi trUdng tai chinh kem va lam phat. Yeu td'rui ro dang ke la bien ddng lai suat. Nd xay ra khi lai sua't dia phUdng khdng dU doan dUdc do thi trUdng tai chinh dia phuong chUa hoan thien.
Thd tdm, Rui ro hogt dgng, do chi phi van hiinh va bao tri cao hdn dUkien. Yeu td'quan trgng la chi phi vUdt mUc. Dd la kd't qua cua viec do lUdng khdng phii hdp, lich trinh khdng theo ke hoach hoac hieu qua hoat ddng thap khi van hanh hoac bao tri.
Thd chin, Rui ro phdp ly, chu yeu la do quy dinh cua Chinh phu. Cac ye'u to rui ro dang ke la thay doi trong quy dinh thue, tham nhung va thieu tdn trong luat phap
va thay doi phdp luat/khdng nhat quan. Tham nhung va thieu tdn trgng luat phap la hanh vi tham nhung cua cac quan chUc chinh phu se lam tang md'i quan he giUa Chinh phu va cdng ty dU dn. Thay dd'i phdp luat se gSy ra sU gia tang chi phi dU an va giam doanh thu.
Thii mudi, Rui ro tU nhien, do tdc dgng xau cua mdi trudng va cac md'i nguy hiem. Ye'u to' rui ro dang ke la bat kha khang. Bat kha khdng la nhffng tinh hud'ng nam ngoai tam kiem sodt cua ca do'i tac tU nhan va dia phUcfng nhU lii lut, hda hoan, bao, dich benh, chien tranh, va ca'm vSn.
KET LUAN VA KHUYEN NGHj
Ket qua nghien cUu cho thay, khu vUc tU nhan phai chiu cac rui ro, tU; tU nhien; tai chinh; chi sd'kinh tS'vT md; xay dUng; va rui ro hoat ddng. Trong khi do, khu vUc cdng phai ganh chiu Rui ro xa hdi, Rui ro du" dn lUa chon va Rui ro chinh trj. Cud'i cUng, Rui ro phap ly va phap luat, Rui ro md'i quan h$ nen dUdc chia s6 bdi ca khu VUc cdng va khu vUc tU nhan.
Trgn cd sd xem xet ky lUdng va cac nhdm rui ro chinh dUdc xdc dinh tU cac sukien rui rothUctS'dd'i vdi 3 du dn PPP ndi tren tai Viet Nam, cung nhU nguon gd'c cua cac yeu to' rui ro, nhdm tac gia de xua't chien lUdc xdc dinh rui ro nhU sau:
- Nen phan bo chinh tri, phdp ly, tin dung chinh phu va hd trd kd't ca'u ha tang cho Chinh phu.
- Rui ro ky thuat phai do khu v\ic tUnhSn ganh chiu.
- Rui ro Iam phat, rui ro gid san pham va rui ro dU bdo thi trUdng khdng chinh xac nen dUdc chia se giffa khu vuc cdng va tu nhan.
- Thay ddi nhu cau thi trUdng, hOp dong va rui ro tai chinh khdng cd chien lUdc phan bd rd rang, vi nhiJng dieu nay phu thudc vao hodn canh dU dn cu th^.Q
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO
1. Chinh phu (2019). Bdo cdo sd25/BC-CP, ngdy 30/01/2019 tdng ket tinh hinh thuc hiin du dnPPP
2. Abednego, M. P., Ogunlana, S. O. (2006). Good project govemance for proper risk allocadon in public-private partnership in Indonesia, International Joumal of Project Management, 24, 622-634 3. Grimsey, D., Lewis, M. K (2000). Evaluating the risk of public private partnership for infrastructure projects, InternationalJoumal of Project Management, 20, 107-118
4. Ibrahim, A. D., Price, A. D. F., Dainty, A. R. J. (2006). The analysis and allocation of risks in public private partnerships in infrastructure projects in Nigeria, Journal of Financial Management of Property and Construction, 11(3), 149-163
5. Jayaseelan, R., & Tan, M. (2006). PFI-curefor all ills. The Egde Malaysia, 72-74 6. Li, B., Akintoye. A. Edwards, P. J. Hardcaslle C. (2005). The allocation of Risk in PPP/PFI Construction Projects in the UK, International Journal of Project Management, 23(1), 25-35
7. Shen, L. Y., Flatten, A., Dang, X. (2006). Role of public private partnership to manage risk in public sector project in Hong Kong, International Journal of Project Management, 24, 587-594
8. S. Zhang, A. P. C. Chan, Y. Feng, H. Duan, and Y. Ke (2016). Critical review on PPP research-a search from the Chinese and international journals, International Journal of Project Management, 34(4), 597-612
9. Wang, W., Dai, D. (2009). Risk Allocation Mechanism for Public-Private Partnership (PPP) Projects, IEEE
