T 6 CH0C HOAT D O N O Vi HOC CHO OOl HCO GIAO UIEN
Q ThS. P H ^ M Q U A N G H U A N - ThS. T I ^ A N T H | HAI V ^ N '
1 . V nghXc cOo vl^c td chO^c hopt ddng h/
hpc (HDTH) cOa gido vidn (GV) d td chuyftn mdn(TCM)
1) Bdn chdt cOa YI$C hgc Id h/ hgc, Id vl|c ngudi hpc gldnh 1 ^ tri thOe bdng eon dudng H/
khdm phd, tim tdt. O V l | t N a m , h> xua, dng cha ta dd d l coo vl|c h/ hpc d l thdnh Idl. t^4gdy nay, vide t\f hpc vd nhOng ldm guong h/ hpc d l phdt h-lln ndng Iyc ed nhdn vfin ludn ^ / p c cot trpng vd d l coo. Bde Hd da dgy: « V l cdch hpc phdi Idy h/ hpc Idm c d r ( 1 ; 37). Ddng to cOng ludn col h/ hpc Id mdt hifyn phdp ndng coo chdt lupng gido dye.
V I khdi nl$m h/ hpc, N.A.Rubakh[n v l l t : « Ty dl tim Idy klin thue ed nghTa Id tt/ hgcT (2; 8).
Q u o quon n l | m ndy cd t h i thdy rdng: V I bdn chdt, t\f hpc Id mdt hopt ddng (HD) cd tlnh ddi h/png vd tinh chO t h i , trong dd Hnh chu t h i ndi Idn thdnh ndt dde trung. Vi m^t edu true, ty hpe Id qud trinh boo gdm chuSl cdc hdnh ddng, thao tdc dupe thOe dd'y hd\ nhQng myc dfch, ddng CO hpc tdp tucmg Ong cOo mdt cd nhdn vd d i l n ro trong nhung d i l u k l | n , nhffng hodn cdnh cy t h i .
2) HDTH rit cd f nghia ddi vdl GV. Qud h-lnh h/ hpc cOa ngudi G V Id qud trinh chO thi nd It/c cdp nh0t klin Hide vd nhOng Iff ndng su phgm (SP) cdn ^liu, cdn kfc h0u nhdm ndng cao Mnh dd ed nhdn, ddp ^rig nhOng ydu cdu mdi cOa dp hgc, bde hgc. O ddy quon nl|m
«h/ hpe' ddng nghia vdl «tif bdi dudng (BD)*, mdt cdch djnh danh thudng t h ^ h-ong thyc tlin gido dye.
Vdl GV, h/ hgc rdt quan hgng bdi: - Nhd trudng SP mdi chl cung cdp nhOng h-i thOc khoa hpc cdn bdn vd nhOng kr ndng SP co sd Idm n l n tdng ban ddu. Dd td nhitng ydu td cdn nhung chtAi cfe d l G V hod nhdp ddi s&ig thyc Hin phong phu cuo nhd hvdng, ddp Ong nhiJng ydu cdu do dgng cOo nghi nghi$p; - Ddi tupng cOa loo ddng
SP Id con ngudi, rdt phOe tgp, ludn vdn ddng vd blln ddi theo h>ng thdi kl phdt triln xd hdi. Khdng h/hpc d l «ndng minh Idn', ngudi thdy d l hd ndn Ipc hdu trude hpc trd; • Ngudi thdy, vdt vol h-d id chOc, hudng dfin qud hinh SP, rdt cdn Id tdm guong tif hpc, ddng thdi, phdi td «chuydn glo' lu vdn cho HS v l cdc kr ndng h/hpc; - Dd) ngO GV phd thdng rdt da dpng v l ngudn ddo tgo, dO vl|c chudn hod dd dpt tl 1$ coo song h-dn thyc d , ndng lye SP cOa G V cdn nhilu bdt cdp; - Sy bOng nd thdng Hn, sy phdt triln vu L}do cOa khoa hpc edng n g n | dfin Idl sy glo tdng tri thuc ngdy odng nhonh. Xu t h i ntd ci>a, hdi nhdp, *odn cdu hod dang ddt ra nhOng thdeh thuc Idn. Chuong hinh, sdeh gido khoa cOng thay ddi thudng xuydn mdi cd I h l thfch Ong vdl sy phdt h i l n cOa KT-XH. Ndng Iyc h/ hpc, t\/ BD giup G V chO ddng tntdc nhOng thay ddi dy.
3) Ti chde HDTH cho d^l ngQ GV Id m^t ndi dung quan trgng cua qudn If (QL) TCM.
QL nhd hvdng cOng nhu CA. TCM, suy eho cung, dd Id nhifng tdc ddng cd j ^ thdc, cd kihogd* vd hudng dfch cOa diO thi CH. lin tit cd cdc m^
cOa ddi sd'ng cOa nhd trudr^, cOa TCM diddm bdo SI/ vdn hdnh til uu qud trinh dgy hgc v6 gido dvc (3). Treng nhihig ndi dung QL TCM, BD ndng eao ndng Tyc chuydn mdn cua d$i ngO G V Id vdn d l then chdt, bdi « G V Id nhdn l l quylt djnh chdt lupng gido dye* (4). Trong HD BD thi td chtjc vd ihOc idy HD h^ BD cd ^ nghTa quylt djnh vl nd phdt huy ndi Iyc chO quon cOa ddi ngO G V . Tuy nhidn, trong thyc H i n , HD BD 6 TCM, nhdt Id v l l c i d c h i k HDTH cOaGV - nhdn Idl eho mpi HD BD khdc - h l | u qud cdn r^t thdp.
Mdt h-ong nhOng nguydn nhdn quon trpng 16 khdu td chOc, QL HD ndy chua dupc chO ^ dOng mOc vd edn bdt cdp-
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Tap chi Blao dye s6 2 8 6 ik> a - g/aoiM
2 . Ddi mdi vi$c td chOc HDTH cho G V d TCM 1} Hudng dSn, hud'n luy$n GV ndm chde cdc kr ndng ti/ hgc
a) Hudng dSn GV ti/ xdy di/ng ki hogch hge Idp, BD: Tfnh myc dtch vd Hnh chO t h i Id nhiJng d ^ frung CO bdn cOo mcrf HD cOa eon ngudi. Trong HDTH eOa GV, vigc ed nhdn h/ xdc djnh myc Hdu vd hogch djnh k l hogch hpc ^ p nhdm thyc hl$n myc Hdu dy Id dilu Hdn quylt ddm bdo h i ^ qud cuo vl|c ty hpc. Do dd, td hvdng TCM cdn cd bl#n phdp d l cung cdp cho ddi ngO G V nhung hi thOc vd W" ndng v l phuong phdp, kr thudt xdc ^ n h myc Hdu - thyc chdt td ch<^ lya, fim ra dupc nhOng vdn d l djnh hudng cho aud Wnh ty hgc cOo bdn thdn.
Theo chung Idl, d l tnyc h i ^ v l ^ ndy, ngudi QL TCM cdn thyc hi$n cdc taudc sou:
Bude 7; HudngdSn GVktndngpbdn tfch thi/c Hin cdc HD gidng dgy, gido difc qua tOng don vf bdi hgc vd rihCfng Wid ndng, dflu kl$n cy lhihl$n cd cda bdn ihdn. Ddy td co sd thyc Hin rdt cd gtd h-j ldm cdn cd cho vl$c It/a ehgn cdc vin di ty hpc pho hgp vdi khd ndng, dilu ki^n vd hodn cdnh cuo mol GV. Tu sy glOp do cuo CBQL nhd Irudng vd TCM, G V ddn h/ gidc xdy dyng thdi quen phdn Hch cdc HD SP, Hm ra dupe nhiJng vdn d l edn phdi gldl quylt (h-ong hvdng hpc Nhdt Bdn, HD ndy dupc goi Id «phdn tIcTt bdi hpc* vd rdt dupc d l coo, col trpng, dupc xem nhu mpt phuong Hdn rdt ddc Iyc nhdm ndng coo ndng Iyc dwydn mdn cOo G V vd trd thdnh HD thudng xuydn cOa GV).
Xdc djnh vdn d l Id bilu hidn ddu tidn cOa ndng Iyc gidl quylt vdn de. Vide h/ hpc chl thyc sy cd ehdt lupng khi chinh GV Id ngudi tim ra vdn d l hpc tdp cho minh. Vol trd nhd QL Id vuo khdi xudng, vua td chuc hudng dan cdch thOc qud trinh phdn tfch SP, lya chpn nhCrng vdn d l thilt thyc cho G V , ddng thdi tham gia ddnh gtd xem vdn d l G V chpn cd vuo sOc khdng, ed f nghia thyc Hin vd cd khd ndng thyc thi khdng. Tu dd, ddn xdy dyng mpt phong h-do tdp t h i kfch thfch Ion nhau eOng h/ hpe vd tgo tdp tJdu khdng khf thi dua hpc tdp h-ong nhd hvdng.
Bude 2: Hudng ddn GV cdch ihuc gldl quyit vd'n di h-dn co sd xdc ^ n h vd lya chpn thO^ h/ cdc bude dl mdt cdch hpp If. Myc Hdu Id G V cdn cd dupe ede Iff ndng: dgc - tdm tdt tdi li^u, thu thdp xO If thdng tin, tdng hpp, khdi qudt hod vd kl ndng sdp x ^ cdc thO' h/ uu Hdn nhdm thyc hl^n k l hopch ty hpc.
Tap ehi Blao due s6 2 8 6 (ki a - s/aoia)
Bude 3: Tdcbuc thdo ludn, gdp;f'vdo kibogeh tl/ hge nhdm hpp If hod, cdng khoi hod k l hopch ty hpc cOo cd nlidn. V l nd' dung: G V bdo cdo k l hopch tif hpc, tdp t h i thdo ludn, gdp ^, dilu chinh.
V I hinh thCrc. hd fi-f d l cdc G V trong td Idm v i ^ toy ddi vdl G V gldl vd CBQL td nhdm hode bdo cdo hv6c tdp t h i chuydn mdn. Thdi gian cd t h i linh hogt. K l hogch h/ hpc cOa ed nhdn chfnh Id CO sd xdy dyng k l hogch ty hgc eOa td - nhdm chuydn mdn vd Id chdt li|u xdy dyng k l hopch nhd trudng.
b) Tdai&e ty hge theo nhdm: DO tfnh chO t h i cOo HDTH cao song nd rdt cdn dupc ddt trong mdi trudng hpp h^c vd hpc hdi vdi nhung HD chuydn mdn chung cOo tdp thi. Do vdy v l ^ xfiv dyng nhdm ty hpc rd't cd -jf nghia. D l hinh thdnh nhdm, cd t h i edn cO vdo sy quy ty cdc vdn d l md G V lyo chpn, vdo ydu cdu nhi|m vif, nhu cdu, hi>ng thO ho<ic khd ndng, dilu kl|n eOa mSl cd nhdn, chdng hpn: nhdm ndng coo tri ihOc h^ mdn, nhdm BD If ludn NVSP vd kr ndng Idn Idp, nhdm td chOc cdc HD ngodi gid, nhdm chu nhi^m...
Nhdm tif hgc c6 t h i dupe hinh thdnh theo nguydn tdc t\f n g u y ^ ho^c phdn cdng. O trudng phd thdng thudng tdn tgl nhdm khdng chinh thuc, cdc nhdm chuydn mdn vd HD cOa nd dd trd thdnh n$l dung quan trpng khdng t h i thilu trong co cdu td chuc vd HD cOo TCM. Ddy Id v l u td thudn lpl rdt cdn bdn cho v l ^ xdy dyng nhdm h/ hgc.
Vol trd QL cOa TCM Id 6 khdu td chOe phdn edng theo doi ch! dgo, giup d i v i d e td chOc cdc HD trong nhdm: chl dgo sopn hd\, bdn bpc k l hopch bdi dpy, dy gid troo ddi chuydn mdn theo nhdm, td chOc cdc chuydn d l kiln tdp, thye tdp chuydn mdn, hdi gidng.... Sy h5 t r p v l mdt diuydn mdn chu y l u vd cd tfnh thilt thyc Id dy gid cOa nhdm chuydn mdn, K> dd gdp y, troo ddi kinh nghi$m v l L>di dpy trdn k5p, h; vdn vi phuong phdp vd kr ndng nghldn cOu tdi lidu If ludn ho^e nghldn cOu thyc t l , gldl ddp nhiJng thdc mdc xung quonh kiln thOc chuydn mdn vd NVSP,...
c) Td chde HD bdo cdo kit qud hgc Idp cho GV: Ty hgc mong Knh ddc Idp coo vd cd Hnh chdt ty Hm tdi, sdng tgo ndn ludn cd nhu cdu dupc bdc Id. HDTH, do vdy, rdt edn dupe ddt frong gioo luu tdp t h i gliJa edc G V treng TCM hode gliJa TCM d hvdng ndy vdl TCM hvdng khdc. 6 dd, ngudi hpe cd co hdi bdc Id nhOng kit qud Hm tdi sdng tpo vd dupe hpc hdi h> cdc cd nhdn khdc ddng thdi glOp cd nhdn cd dilu kl$n kilm
sodt, d i l u chtnh vd d$t ra ydu cdu t\f hpc coo hon. Hinh thuc bdo cdo cd t h i h-lnh bdy bdng Idl hodc qua thyc hdnh. N Q I dung rdt da dgng, G V cd t h i hrlnh bdy kit qud nhdn thOc v l chlnTi h-j - xd hdi, thu hogch v l ddi mdi phuong phdp bd mdn, kinh nghiem td chuc HD gido dye HS cd kit qud hodc v | ^ thyc hi^n thdnh edng mdt kr ndng SP, eOng ed t h i G V thye hdnh mdt gid Idn k^...
CBQL nhd Hudng vd TCM hudng dfin G V cdc cdch thuc, kl ndng chudn bj bdo cdo, thyc hdnh vd lya chgn hinh thOe hi^ Id phO hpp nhdt. Cd t h i td chOc dudi hinh thuc HD chuydn mdn nghi|p vy nhu hdi thdo, top ddm, edu Ipc l^d-- trong phpm vl nhdm h/ hpc, nhdm TCM hodc rdng hon, trong cym hvdng.
a) Xdy di/ng nin nfy GV ty kiim ta, h/ ddnh aid vd dliu chfnh. D l ldm tdt vile ndy, TCM cdn luu y nf>dt sd vdn d l sou: - Cdn Idm cho G V hilu rd h; tdlm h-o cd nghia Id bilu hi|n cOo hinh dd ty QL, tif Idm cho bdn thdn, Id hibch nhl|m vdl sy phdt hiln cOo chfnh minh; - Thyc hi|n nghldm h)c n l n n|p kilm ha, thanh ha cOa TCM, cOa trudng d l vOo duy hi y thOc id ehOc kf ludt, sy h; gidc htnh thdnh thdi quen ty kilm hn, vuo BD kr ndng phdn tfch ddnh gid edng vi|c cuo G V ; col trpng khdu kilm hti cuo nhdm ty hpc, nhdm mdn hpc, ddc bi|t Id nhOng nhdm khdng chfnh thuc; - Td <iiOc kilm ha vd h/ kilm tra bdng nhilu hlnli thOe: sinh hopt chuydn mdn d T C M , cdc cudc thi chuydn mdn nghidp vy, xem xdt cdc HD gido dye, gidng dpy, hd so tdi l l ^ vd kit qud edng vl^c; - TCM edn cd quon d i ^ bi$n chOng trong ddnh gid k^ qud tif l>pc, h/ BD, ndn cdn ci/ ed vdo nhOng Hin tsd cOo cd nhdn so vdi thdi dilm trude dd chCr khdng chi don thudn dya vdo nhiJng Hdu chf chung.
2} Xdy dgng d^ng co vd ddng li/c Ig hgc a) HDTH cOng nhu bit cu mdt hdnh d^ng dfch thgc ndo cOng phdi dugc tgo ra vd thdi thOc bdi d^ng ea. Dd Id nhitng Iyc t6c ddng bdn trong, h l | n hiJu thdnh nhOng nhu cdu vdt ehdt hay Hnh thdn. M d t h-ong nhiJng If thuylt v l ddng CO thuc ddy dupc nhdc d i n nhilu nhdt Id If thuylt phdn cd'p nhu edu eua Abraham Maslow. Trong 5 bdc nhu cdu, ddng chO 'j' Id nhOng nhu edu dugc tdn trgng, nhu cdu Ig khdng dfnh. Trong QL HDTH, m^t mdt ngudi QL TCM edn htlu rd nhUng d i l u G V mong mudn, nhtJng nhu cdu phdt sinh h-ong hp vd edng v i | c hpc tdp eOa hp; mdt khdc, cdn h?o ra mdt mdi tidn h | vd sy thdng nhdt hdi hod gtOo edc nhu cdu.
udc mudn hpc tdp cOa G V vdl mi^e dfch vd mi^c tliu eOa nhd trudng. Khi G V hod nhdp v6 glOp td ehi>c dgt d i n myc dfch ehung, ddng thdi hp thdy nhiJng nhu cdu hpc tdp cua minh dupc ddp O^ng, lOc d'y ddng co h/ hpc sd mgnh mS hon. Thdm niJa, td trudng TCM cdn tpo ro nhiJng cdng vi|c ddy thu thdeh, kfch thfch hOng thO vd sy nfi Iyc vuon Idn d G V ; ddng thdi ed sy nhin nhdn, ddnh gid dOng ngudi, dOng vide...
b) ThOe diy GV nd Igc vuon tdi thgc hl$n nhQng myc tliu tg hgc. Trong vdn d l ndy, nhang tdc d^ng cOa nhd QL TCM dil vdl 6^1 ngO GV cdn da dgng vd phong phO, khd ddy nhCtng tinh cdm vd 'y thOe trdch nhidm nghi n g h i l p , danh d y cd nhdn, danh d y tdp thi;
tpo Idpy Q^O gin, phdt huy ndt d^p truyin thdng cOa nnd trudng; ddnh g i d , thudng phpt edng bdng, chfnh xdc, kjp thdt. M^t khdc rdt cdn cho "jf vd col trgng xdy dgng mdi tn/dng ^ Idnh mgnh, ddn chu hrong cdc mdi quan h | giao ngudi QL vd ngudi bj QL; glDa G V vdl G V . Mdi trudng d y , ngodi tinh dodn kit, thdn dl edn Id khdng khf hpc tdp, rdn luy|n vd f thOe trdn H-png, d l coo nhiJng e d g d n g , nhitng k i t qud hpc tdp cuo mfil ed nhdn. Khdng khf sy phpm Idnh mpnh Id mdi trudng trye Hdp chl phdi tdi phuong hudng cOa mdi cd nhdn; t^ch thich mpi sy tim tdi vd cdc n5 Iyc ed nhdn.
TCM cdn tham muu cho chfnh q u y l n , dodn thi trong trudng ed nhOng khuyin khfch v0t chdi nhdm ddng vidn kjp thdi nhiJng nfi Iyc ty hpc, t\f BD cOo cd nhdn vd cOa tdp t h i td nhdm.
3) Xdy dgng nhOng dliu kl$n di ndng cao chit lugng HDTH. T C M cdn t^p trung BD ddi ngO GVgldl Idm dt cdn - Iyc lupng tham gia td ch(>c, QL, hu6ng dfin HDTH. Hp sd Id nhiJng tdm guong cd tdc dyng khich l | , Idl cudn tdp t h i cOng tg hpe. Q u d trinh BD ndy Idu ddi, cdng phu, ddi hdi cd k l hopch chf dgo vd c6 cdc H D cy t h i nhdm xdy dyng mdt phong trdo thi duo thyc chd't, tpo co hdi d l d^l ngQ GV gldl L}dc Id vd phdt huy vai trd cOa minh. Qud trinh a'y ddi hdi sy ddng bd H-ong cdc HD glita nhd trudng vd cdc dodn t h i (chi hi^, cdng dodn, dodn thanh nidn...).
B ^ cpnh d d , cdn tdng cudnghf ^\ingcasd v^tch&f^i/c vy tghgc. Idl li|u in dn, bdng hinh, cdc phuong H|n nghe nhin, Internet,... Vl$c xdy
(Xem nip trang 24}
TOP chi eiio due s6 2 8 6 tta a - s/aont
v i ^ thyc hi|n cdc ndi dung 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 nhung muc dd ehua nghldm trgng; sou khi dupc nhdc nhd, gido dye dd tllp thu sOo chOa); - TO 5 0 - 5 9 dilm x I p k>pi trung binh (cd mdt sd khuylt d i l m trong v i ^ thyc hi|n cdc ndi dung 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , d nhung mOc d$ chua nghidm trpng; sou khi dupc nhdc nhd, gido dye dd tilp thu siki chOa nhung tiln bd cdn chdm); - TO 4 0 - 4 9 d i l m x I p lopi y l u : a) Cd sol phgm tdn hode Idp k)l nhilu tdn trong v i ^ thyc hl|n ede ndi dung 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , d , dupc gido dye nhung chua si>a chOa; b) V d I I , xOc phgm nhdn phdm, danh dy, xdm phpm thdn t h i cuo G V , nhdn vidn nhd trudng; e) Gian Idn trong hpc tdp, kilm tra, thi ci>; d) XOc phgm danh dy, nhdn phdm cOa bgn hodc eOa ngudi khdc;
ddnh nhau, gdy rdl trdt ty, tr) on trong nhd trudng hode ngodi xd hdi.
- Dudi 4 0 d i l m x I p k>gi kdm: a) Cd sal phpm vdi tfnh chdt nghidm Irpng hodc Idp tpi nhilu Idn trong vi|c thye hl|n cdc ndi dung 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , d , dupc gido dye nhung chua sOa ehOa; b) V d 18, xOc phgm nhdn phdm, danh dy, xdm phpm thdn t h i cOo GV, nhdn vidn nhd trudng; e] Glon tdn trong hpe tdp, kilm tra, thi ci>; d) Xuc phpm danh
d y , nhdn phdm cOo bpn hoQc cOo ngudi khdc;
ddnh nhou, gdy rdi trdt ty, trj an trong nhd trudng hodc ngodi xd hdi-
Sou mdi hpc kl, cha m? HS phdi nhdn dupc 1 bdn nhdn xdt vdl nhOng ndi dung trdn do nhd trudng gi>l tdi. Cdch D G chl Hit vd cy t h i ndy s8 cd tdc dyng nhdc nhd, rdn de HS, ddm bdo chfnh xdc, cdng odng, khdch quan, ddn chO vd minh bpch.Q
(1), (2) D&ng COng sin Viet Nam. Vdo kffn bOi ngh|
Un Uit^ V • Ban chip Unh Trang uong Oiag kboi Vin. NXB Chfnh trf qdc gia, H. 1998.
(3) Quy dfnh ddnh gU vd xIp lo^ hyc shih tilu bpc (Ban tiMi theo Thdng tusd32/2009/rr-BGDDTngiiy 27/10/2009 cda BO tnidng BO GD-DT).
SUMIMRV
Jt)eassessmenar)dc^aa^flcatlonofpuf:^e1t^is veryinrportant Totmlldasystemofcrtterlafamord evc^uatlwi and gracting students consistent with the mcxe time than necessary. Article provides some cttle- ria ^moreH evaluation orKiclassflcxitlon ofttie tem- porary nature contritHJte to Improving the quoHty of education, ethical tralring for oidshng pupOs.
To cliiiyen mon tnidng plio thong...
(Tidp theo trang 18)
di/ng to sdch, ngudn tu llfu tham khdo h5 trg Iv hgc dr TCM Id rdt cdn thilt d6\ vdl ti>ng GV, ti>ng td, nhdm chuydn mdn. Thdm nOa, cdc trudng n l n cho d$ng khai thdc cd h l ^ qud chuong trtnh gido dye to xa, c6 nhilu bl$n phdp King ngudn Kinh pht vd chl H I f thfch ddng cho HDTH.
Ndng cao vol trd, trdch nhl^ vd tfnh guong mdu cOa chd thSQL TCM vd QL nhd tnidng. Hlfu trudng vd d$l ngO td trudng, nhdm trudng chuyin mdn cdn thdng nhdt coo trong nh$n thuc v l vlfc chr dgo ihvc hlfn k l hogch tv ngc. M$t khdc, cdn dl ddu, n l u gucng vd tv BD tri thuc bd mdn, kiln IhOc vd kr nang NVS(> vd tri Ihuc QL d l do sOc tu vdn, glOp dS GV. CBQL TCM cdn vd phdi ludn Id trung tdm cOa cdc mdi quan h f nhdn dl vd cd sOc cdm hod, Idl cudn ddi ngQ G V trong td, nhdm chuyin mdn khdng ngOr<g hgc Idp, phdn ddu ndng cao phdm chdt vd chuydn mdn nghlfp vy. •
(1) H« Oil Minh. Bin v( gUo difc. NXB Giiio <f|<c, H 1962.
(2) N.A. Rubakliin. Tvlivc nhutMnlo. NXB Tlumli nien. H 1982.
(3) M.I. Kondalcop. Co'sii'U lufn Ola UHM live qnii li giio difc. Trudng CBQLGD -Vl(n KHGD. H1984.
(4) Ding C«ng sin Viet Nam. Vin U(n Ngh) qnyll H«i ngh) BCHTW Un ant2 • KhUi Vm. NXB CMM tri qudc gia, H 1997.
TiillfotlianiUilo
1. P l i ^ Minh Htc (chl bitn). Tim li hfc. NXB GUo dfc, H 199S.
2. R.Roy Singh. Nln gUo dqc cho thi Uiiai muDi mdi nhitag ti4ln vpng cda chin A-Thii Binh Dwmfr APBID -Vlfn KHGD, H1994.
3. Harold Koontz, Cyril O'donnell. Heninz Weihiich - NhOng vin d( d t yIn cda quin U. NXB ASuxl ii<ic vdttrM'. H1994.
sutwiAitr
At general scttoob, speclallzga groups twve the ideotorganliino and rSrectt/directing tecxners! sett- stuay.OntttetxxIsofpiesenllngtheoratlcclcnaprao- Ileal foundation, tt}eaft1cieproix>ses several organiz- ing and managing measures of specialized groups concemlngself-studyofteactwisatschools,contii>- uttng to strengtt^ening ot capacity tor teaching and managing staff at general schools.
