P H A T T R I E N H I N A N G G I A O T I E P C H O H O C S I N H T I E U H O C
T H O N G Q U A H O A T D O N G N H O M
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^ V f t i e u hoc (TH), hinh thdnh va phat trien kT I I nang giao tiep (KNGT) cho hoc sinh (HS)
\ J TH ctuoc coi Id myc tieu trong tdm trong qud trinh day hoc (DH) Tieng Viet. Viec ren KNGT cho HS khdng chi dung trong khudn khd' mdn Tieng Viet md cdn dYrgc day trong tdt cd cdc mdn hoc khdc, cdc hoqt ddng khdc, trong gid hoc vd ngodi gid hoc. Cd nhieu hinh thuc de phdt trien KNGT cho HS dd duoc su dunq trong qud trinh DH. Giao tiep Id qud trinh trao ddi thdng tin tu ngudi ndy sang ngudi khdc bdng ngdn ngu vd vi the, dieu kien tdt nhdt de KNGT cua HS phdt trien Id can tqo cho cdc em mdi trudng giao tiep, chu ddng kich thich nhu cdu ndi viet cung nhu giup cdc em ndm duqc nhung ndi dung can ndi hoqc viet. Mot trong nhung hinh thuc DH giup phdt trien KNGT cho HS Id Idm viec theo nhdm.
1. Td* chi/c DH theo nhdm - dieu kien cho KNGT phdt trien. Trong hoqt ddng nhdm (HDN), nhung thdnh vien tham gia HDN cung can tudn thu nhung quy tdc Idm viec nhdm. Trong cdc quy tdc Idm viec nhdm, KNGT duqc coi Id mot trong nhung nguyen tdc quan trqng. Bdi vi KN su dyng tieng Viet nhu: nghe, ndi, dqc, viet lien quan true tiep tdi hieu qud cua HDN.
Chung ta dd quen vdi khai niem Idm viec nhdm trong qud trinh DH. Tuy nhien, xung quanh each td chuc DH theo nhdm, Idm viec nhdm cung cd nhieu dieu can trao ddi. Bdi viec xdc djnh rd myc dich cua Idm viec nhdm rat quan trqng. HDN phdt huy nhieu uu the neu duqc thyc hien mot each khoa hoc, dung vdi ban chat vd chuc ndng cua nhdm. Nguqc Iqi, neu Idm viec nhdm chi mang tinh hinh thuc thi khd cd the ludng het hieu qud md «nhdm" gay ra (vi khdng it trudng hqp, ket qud Idm viec cua cd nhdm cd khi chi Id ket qud cua 1 hoqc 2 thdnh vien, cdn cdc thdnh vien khdc khdng ddng gdp gi).
Hoc tap theo nhdm d day duqc hieu Id mot hinh thuc td chuc Idp hoc thdnh cdc nhdm de
O TS. CHU TH| PHUONG*
thyc hien nhiem vy hoc tap. Cdc nhdm hoc tap ndy cd nhiem vy cung nhau gidi quyet cdc vdn de lien quan den ndi dung hoc tap dudi sy hudng dan cua GV. Cd nhieu hinh thuc td chuc each Idm viec nhdm. Cd nhdm duqc thdnh lap de thyc hien mot dy an hoc tap (theo PPDH dya tren dy an nhdm tich eye hod hoqt ddng hoc tap chu ddng cua HS); cd hinh thuc Idm viec nhdm de gidi quyet mot van de nhd ngay trong tiet hoc...
Du phdn chia nhdm nhu the ndo thi HDN phdi duqc hieu Id mot hinh thuc hoc tap md trong dd, cdc thdnh vien cua nhdm chu ddng Idm viec tich cue de hodn thdnh nhiem vy chung cua cd nhdm. Vi dy, vdi nhdm thyc hien dy an hoc tap, trong qud trinh td chuc Idm viec nhdm, GV cdn lya chqn van de (chu de) trqng tdm lien quan den ndi dung mot bdi hoc, mot chuong hoc hoqc mot ki hoc. Cdc nhdm se chu ddng lap ke hoqch, phdn cdng cdc thdnh vien trong nhdm thyc hien nhiem vy tuy vdo ndng lyc cua tung ngudi. Dya tren bdng ke hoqch, tung thdnh vien trong nhdm se tich cue hodn thdnh nhiem vy duqc giao vd ndi dung dd se duqc bdo cdo trong nhdm theo thdi gian quy djnh. De tim hieu ndi dung duqc phdn cdng, cdc thdnh vien can chu ddng tim kiem tu lieu d nhieu nguon khdc nhau: trong sdeh vd, tap chi, Internet, ngodi cudc sdng, qua ban be... Nhung thdng tin thu thdp duqc can ghi chep de xu li, phdn tich vd tap hqp rdi bdo cdo trudc nhdm. Khi cdc thdnh vien dd hodn thdnh phdn viec duqc giao, cd nhdm se tap trung Iqi vd trao ddi thdo ludn ve nhung ndi dung can tim hieu. Trong qud trinh Idm viec nhdm, cdc thdnh vien se chu ddng trinh bay y kien, phdn hdi y kien de di den thdng nhdt. HDN nhu vqy chinh Id dieu kien de cho cdc thdnh vien trong nhdm cd ca hdi ren luyen vd phdt trien nhieu KN nhu:
KN lap ke hoqch Idm viec, KN ghi chep (viet), KN trinh bay van de (ndi), KN tim kiem tu lieu (dqc bdng nhieu hinh thuc khdc nhau: dqc ludt,
* Truong Cao dang sir pham Ha Noi
Tap chi Giao due so 2 5 2 cu 2 -12/2010
doc kT...), KN nghe, KN ty hoc vd nhieu KN song khdc. HDN ddi hdi cd thdi gian (khodng 1 tudn hoqc ddi hon tuy thudc vdo ndi dung van de cdn tin hieu vd gidi quyet rdng hay hep). Hoqc Idm viec nhdm duqc thyc hien ngay trong tiet hoc. GV giao cho HS he thdng cdu hdi chudn bj bdi. HS se tim hieu vd ghi chep nhung ndi dung lien quan. Trong tiet hoc, GV td chuc cho cdc nhdm trong Idp trao ddi. Cdc thdnh vien trong nhdm se Idn luqt ty minh viet ra y kien cua minh bdng nhung cdu khai qudt xung quanh van de can trao ddi. Ket qud hoqt ddng cua cd nhdm chinh Id ket qud cua tung thdnh vien trong nhdm vd duqc the hien tren bdng nhdm.
Sau khi cdc nhdm hodn thdnh ndi dung trao ddi, GV td chuc cho HS trong cdc nhdm tham khdo cheo nhau sau dd mdi td chuc trao ddi chung trong cd Idp. HS trong Idp cd the hdi de trao ddi phdn hdi vdi nhau ve nhung y kien dd duqc ghi tren bdng nhdm neu thd'y chua rd. Y kien dd cua thdnh vien trong nhdm ndo thi thdnh vien dd se cd trdch nhiem gidi thich rd han de cdc ban trong Idp hieu. Cdch td chuc Idm viec nhdm nhu vqy vua kich thich nhu cdu tim hieu, vua tqo ca hdi duqc ndi, viet, dqc, ren tinh ty tin, tinh than cdng tdc tich cue trong hoc tap vd trong cdng viec cho HS.
2. De tudn thu quy tdc Idm viec nhdm, mdi thdnh vien can biet lang nghe, nghe mot cdch chdm chu y tudng cua ngudi khdc, biet ddnh thdi gian suy nghT sau khi dqt cdu hdi hoqc trd Idi, biet dien dqt Iqi trong tdm tri minh nhung dieu ngudi khdc dang ndi de hieu hq han, biet giu thdi dd Ijch sy khi trao ddi (chd cho ngudi khdc ndi xong mdi trao ddi). Trong qud trinh trao ddi, mdi HS (ngudi tham gia giao tiep ndi chung) can biet su dung hinh thuc dien gidi de tdm tdt vd to chuc Iqi thdng tin, biet su dung cu chi de dien gidi, biet dqt cdu hdi de Idm ndi bat nhung y kien minh dang tim hieu, biet lya chqn ngdn tu cho phu hqp vdi cudc trao ddi, biet tqo ca hdi binh ddng cho nhung ngudi tham gia trao ddi. HS can biet cdch ghi chep trong qud trinh tim kiem tu lieu. Khdng chep Iqi td't cd nguyen vdn ndi dung md can ghi chep nhung y chinh ngay trong qud trinh dqc. Trinh bay van de can ngdn gqn theo nhung y dd vqch sdn de djnh hudng vdo nhung ndi dung chinh, trdnh Ian man, tan man.
3. De HDN phdt huy duqc hieu qud (vdi muc tieu phdt trien KNGT), trong qud trinh DH, can
nhdn thuc: 1) HDN, Idm viec nhdm Id mot hinh thuc DH tich cue song can su dung dung muc dich, dung chuc ndng cua nhdm. Phdn nhdm, sd luqng HS trong nhdm (quy md cua nhdm) can dya vdo muc dd khd, de, rdng hay hep cua ndi dung, trdnh phdn nhdm tuy tien, ngdu hung Idm gidm hieu qud nhdm, tieu phi thdi gian hoqt ddng cua HS; 2) HDN cd lien quan den viec phdt trien cdc KN, trong dd cd KNGT. Song cdc KN ndy duqc hinh thdnh vd phdt trien hay khdng tuy thudc vdo cdch td chuc, cdch Idm viec cua nhdm. GV khi chia nhdm vd td chuc HDN can chu ddng lap ke hoqch, lya chqn chu de (van de can tim hieu) cd dd md, tqo dieu kien de HS duqc Idm viec vd sinh hoqt trong mdi trudng giao tiep cu the; 3) Viec DH theo nhdm can duqc GV chu ddng tu qud trinh xdy dyng ke hoqch DH. Ben cqnh cdc gid hoc chinh khod, vdi hoqt ddng ngodi gid len Idp, Idm viec nhdm se Id hinh thuc cd nhieu uu diem de trien khai cdc ndi dung hoc tap; 4) GV chu ddng dua ra chu de de HS tim hieu. Chu de the hien dudi hinh thuc mot van de md lien quan den ndi dung kien thuc cua bdi hoc hoqc tudn hoc... trong mdn hoc hoqc cdc mdn cd lien quan.Q
Tai lieu tham khao
Chirong trinh dao tao Partner in Learning - Microsoft Viet Nam (giai doan 2).
I 1 X 4 t fle tiep tyc trien khai td't phong trdo thi
4 » g ^ c dua "Xoy dung truong hoc thdn hen, hoc sinh tich cue" va "Duo dan ca vao truong IKS", Dy an Phdt trien Gido dye THCS II phdi hap vdi Truong OHSP Nghe thudt Trung uong to chuc gidi thieu MO HINH CUA MOT SO CAU LAC BO (CLB) DAN CA (3 CLB dan ca cua 3 trudng: THCS Von Khe, THCS Khuong Thuong, THCS Td Hodng) vdo ngay 15/12/2010, tqi Hd Noi.
Viec duo ddn ca vdo trudng THCS gdp phdn ndng cao chat luqng, hieu qud gido dye, bdo ton vd phdt huy net dep ddn ca cdc vung mien, phdt trien ndng khieu dm nhqc, djnh hudng thi hieu thudng thuc dm nhqc... cho HS, ddng thdi, hd trq vd tang cudng hieu qud day hoc mdn Am nhqc trong cdc gid chinh khod.
Cd nhieu cdch de dua ddn ca vdo trudng hoc, trong dd, CLB Ddn ca duoc coi Id hinh thuc tdt nhdt, bdi le, d day, HS cd dieu kien den vdi ddn ca bdng niem dam me thyc sy, qua dd nudi dudng tdm hdn, tu tudng vd tinh com cua minh ddi vdi cdng ddng cdc ddn tdc Viet Nam. HONG DIEU
Tap chi Giao due so 2 5 2 cfa j • i a / a o i o )
