CHAN NliOl DONG VAT VA CAC VAN DE KHAC
cattle; therefore, the economic cITcctivencss is till low. To develop steadily and Improve economic effectiveness of raising cattle In Kien Lao, the natural meadows need exploiting suitably. In addition, the area of grass should be widened. The best kinds of grass for the soil in Kien Lao are VA06, Pennlsetum purpureum, Zea mays L. I3rachiaria muticji. Saccharum arundlnaceum Retz. Saccharum arundinaceuin Retz is a kind of weed that has high productivity and good quantity, but it Is hard and contains a lot of Hber so Saccharum arundlnaceum Retz seems lo lake away cattle's appetite. Il can be used to produce fermentation grass and grass powder.
Key words: Luc Ngan. cattle, cattle food, grass
TAI L i t u THAM KHAO
1 NguySn Ti^n Bdn - Nguyin Khllc Khfli - VQ XuSn Pliuoiig (2003. 2005). Danh hic cdc hdi ilivc v^l I 'n'' Nam. t(lp 1,2..1 Nxb NOng nghi$p. I iii NOi.
2 HoAng Chung (2004), i'>diig co vims: nui phia tide I let Nam. Nxb Ndng nghidp. I \k N^i
3. Ho&ng Chung (2006). Cdc phuang phdp nghiSn ciiv qudn xa thirc vgl, NxbGISodvc.
4 Plijm Hoing HQ (1991. 1992. 1993/ Cdy co Vi^t Nam. 6 l§p, An Illustrated I'iora of Viet Nam - Montreal
Lc Khri Ke (chu biSn) - Vu VAn Chi - VQ Vin Chuyfin - Phan Nuujcn Hong - Do Tat L ^ -Thii Vlin Trirng (1969. iy7&). Cdy co thirang Ihdy a Vifl ' Nam, Nxb khoa hpe k5> Ihu^l. I Id N$i.
La Thj Thu>, (2010), Ddnh gid ndng sudt. chdt luvng vd khci nang khai Ihdc hai lodi co cd nguon goc l\r nhiin igi huyfn Yen San linh Tuyen Quang, Lu$n van thflc si - Tru&ng Oji hpe Su p h ^ - D^i hpe Thii NguyOn,
Vi|n Clifln nudi (1995). Thdnh phdn va gid Iri dinh dudmg ihiic dn gia siic. gia cdm Cipf \am, NXB N6ng nghiOp-
DANH GIA THlTC TRANG NGUON THlTC AN GIA SUC CUA XA TAN HU^ONG, HUYEN PHO YEN, TINH THAI NGUYEN
1. MO DAU
Ph6 Yen la mpt huy?n nong nghi?p trgng diem ciia linh Thai Nguyen, hifn dang rlt can s^r dau lu cho phdt triln nguon thuc Sn (TA) xanh dl cung c5p cho chan nuoi d^i gia sue. Cung da co mpt so dy an dua mpt vai giong co v^o trong yk cung d3 thu dugc nhilu ket quS. Tuy nhien vln c6n CO nhung h^n che do thoi quen hay do y thtic chua thgt diJng ciia dan dja phuong, d6ng thoi cung thieu mo hlnh c6 stjc thuyet phyc cao dl ngudl dan hpe t|p nen thgrc tr^ng khai thdc TA
' Tru&ng Vfln H<Sa I - B$ Cflng An (xa Luang Son - Tliinh phd Thjii NguySn)
^ Trudng D^i hpe Sir ph?m. D(ii hpe Thai Nguyfen
• Tic gia d^ lien hg: Nguyen Thj Nhu Quynh - Giio vifin Bp m6n Khoa hpe Tv nhien - Tnrimg Vfln H6a I - Bp Cong An (Luong Son - Thii Nguyfin). Difin tho(ii: 0974541363, Email:
quangquynhqq@gmail com
Ngiiven Thi ^hu Quynh'*. Hodng Chung van con nhilu diem ylu. Xuat phat tir nhu cau thyc lien do, chung toi tien hanh nghien ciru detii CO len nhu tren. nhSm; (/) D ^ h gia cac yeu lo moi tru&ng cua cdc Iham co ly nhien t^l dja phuong;
(ii) Thyc Ir^ng khai lhac cac ngudn Ihirc Sn (cfi ty nhien va cay lr6ng); vd {Hi) Dl xudt cac mo hinh khai thae TA cho dja phucmg.
2. NOI DUNG VA PHU'ONG PHAP NGHIEN OTU 2.1. f)ti tuvng nghien curu
- Nghien cuu 16 hprp cdc dilu kien ty nhien.
- Nghien ciiu tgp doan cay TA gia sue.
2.2. Dja dilm v^ thM gian nghien cuu Nghien ciJru dugc tiln hanh Igl xa T^
Hucmg, huy?n Ph6 Y^n, tinh Thdi Nguyfin tir Ihang 5/2011 den thdng 4/2012.
54
CHAN NUOI D Q N G VAT VA CAC VAN BE K H A C 2.3. Npi dung nghien cmi
Dilu tra dilu ki$n tu nhifin, kinh tl xa hpi cua x5 Tan Huong
Dieu tra khi hau, thuy vSn, ddt dai.
Dieu tra thanh phin loai, dang song, ndng suat (NS), chat lupmg ciia mOt so loai co chinh,
Dilu tra ddnh gid cac ngufln TA bo sung khdc, hlnh thiirc vd miic dp sir dyng.
Thong ke so Iupng cdc logi gia siic, TA va
• quy mo ch3n thd.
Dilu tra mpt sfl mo hlnh chan nufli gia dinh:
s6 Iupng gia siic, thyc trgng khai thdc cac nguon TA, day tu vk hi?u qud dem Igl.
2.4. Phinmg phap nghien cuu
* Dieu tra ca bdn vimg nghien ciru qua so lifu thu cdp lgi dia phuang
* Dieu ira trong ddn: Com dieu Ira cac quan xa CO va dieu tra tlnh hlnh kinh te gia dinh
* Cdc fAuang phdp nghien ciru ngodi ihien nhien
- Lap luyen dieu Ira: Lap 2 luyen dl cdt qua cac sinh canh do la:
Tuyen I: Bo de hudng Tay Bac: Xom Dong - Xom Thanh L^p
Tuyen 2: Bo de huong Dflng Nam: Xom Nam - Xom Thanh Lap
- Dilu tra nghien cOru theo fl lieu chudn 6 tifiu chuan dupc bo tri theo cac dja hinh khae nhau va hl?n trgng thdm thyc vgt vdi difin tich moi 6 lieu chudn ta Im^ Tgi moi fl lieu chudn, tiln hdnh thflng ke thdnh phSn Ioai, dang sflng va sinh khfli tham thyc vat theo phuang phdp Hodng Chung (2008).
* Cdc phuang phdp nghien ciru lrong phong iH nghifm
- Xac djnh ten khoa hgc ciia cac mlu thyc v^t: sii dyng khod phdn Iogi hi^n hanh (Phgm Hoang HO, 1993); Danh Iyc cdc Ioai thyc vgt Vifit Nam (2001, 2003, 2005) ciia Trung tam nghifin Cliu Tai Nguyen va Moi tru&ng - Dai hpe Quflc gia Ha Npi vd Trung tam Khoa hpe Ty nhifin va
Cflng ngh? Quflc gia.
- Xdc dmh dgng sflng: theo bdng phan logi dgng sflng tirng lodi (Hoang Chung, 1980).
- Nghifin ciru NS cfl (Hoang Chung, 2008):
cat mau sdt ddt lay cd phan sflng va phdn chfit, rieng phdn song dupc chia Iheo cdc nhom: hod thdo, hp coi, cdy hp dau, cdy byi, cay thuOc Ihdo... Phan song Id todn bp phdn cfln xanh, dupc cdn khi tuoi vd ca khl de khfl khflng khi. Phdn chet gflm toan bp phdn canh va la dd chit (kl cd nhQng phdn con tren cay va phan dd rung xuong dat).
- Phdn tich mau dat: Cac mlu dat dupc phdn tich tgi phong Phdn tich va kiem tra chat lupng nflng sdn va vgt tu nong nghifip - Vifin khoa hpe sy song - Dai hpe Thdi Nguyen.
3. KET QUA VA BAN LUAN
3.1. Dieu kien ty nhien, kinh le xa hpi ciia xa Tan Huong, huy^n Pho Yen
Dieu ki^n ty nhien
Pho Yen la huyen doi thdp va dong bang cua Thdi Nguyen. Ddy Id cua ngo ciia thu do Ha Npi di cac tinh phia Bdc, gan cac khu cflng nghiep 1cm ciia linh va Ha Npi nen hpi lu nhieu dieu kien thudn lpi de phdt trien mpt nen kinh te theo huong cflng nghiep hod vd dfl thj hoa.
Vf tri dia ly xd Tdn Huang: Tan Huong nSm a phia Dong Nam Pho Yen, phia dong giap xd Tien Phong, phia nam giap xa Trung Thanh va Dong Cao, phia Bdc gidp xa Dflng Tien, phia Tay giap xd Nam Tien.
X3 CO 23 xom, Iflng difin tich ty nhien 890.45 ha. Tan'Huang thupc xd viing II ciia huyfin Phfl Yen, vimg ven song Cdu, vimg trpng diem liia ciia huy?n,
Dja hinh dia mgo: Tan Huong mang dac diem ciia dja hlnh vimg dflng bang Bac Bp, cd dja hinh tuang doi bang phang. dja hlnh thdp ddn tir Tdy Bac xuong D6ng Nam ven sflng Cau. Xa co ducmg qu6c Ip 3 vd ducmg sdt Hd Thai chay qua, rdt thuan Igi cho vific luu thflng hdng hod, phdt trifin kinh tl xa hpi va dy an cdc khu cflng nghidp phia nam cua huy§n Phfl Yen.
KHKT Chan nuoi S6 10 - 2012
55
CHAN NUOI DONG V^j^T VA cAC VAN Pfe KHAC
Khl hHu: xa cfl nin nhifit r^t phong phii, lupmg mua cao, dO Jim tirang doi klid cho phiSp phdt Irien l§p dodn cdy nflng nghidp ngSn ng^y, cfl the bo tri nhieu miia vy lrong nam vdi nhieu chiing Ipai cay trong phong phii.
Tdi nguydn nhdn vdn: theo s6 llfu lh6ng kfi, den 31/12/2009 ddn s6 \a T5n huang Id 7.350 ngu&i (nam gifli 48,05%. nQ gioi 51,95%) vd 1.767 hO, sinh song tgi 23 xom.
Dieu ki9n kinh lc x3 hpi
- Ngdnh tr6ng tr^t: Dd cfl sy chuyln djch co cau miia vy vd ndng hfi so sir dyng ddt Ifin 2,7 \kn (nam 2000 la 2 Ian) hinh Ihdnh mfl hlnh Ihdm canh dgt 50 tri?u d^ng/lia, binh quan luong thyc d4u ngu&i khodng 500kg/ngu&i/nam.
Ngdnh chan nuoi: Chdn nufli ciia Tan Huang tuong dfli phdt Irien, mfl hinh VAC ngdy cdng dupc phdt trien mgnh.
Tflm Igl: Tdn Huong Id xS dflng bdng va trung du, cfl khi h§u thich hpp cho nhieu logi cdy trong, tdl nguyen phong phii. Trong nhifng ndm qua sdn xuat nong nghifip co bdn dd co nhtl'ng buoc chuyen bien rfl rfit tren cd 3 phuang di?n:
di?n tich, NS vd sdn lugng. Mirc thu tir cay Iiia, cay hoa mdu deu dgt tucmg doi cao cho cdc hp gia dinh, gop phdn xod doi giam ngheo. Tuy nhien, de dgt myc tifiu phdt trien ve kinh te cua ng^nh nong nghifip trong ca cdu kinh te ciia xd, can phdi thay Bang 1. Thdnh phan lo&i it cAc
doi ca cdu cay tr6ng hdng nSm, phdt trien manh cdy hoa mdu mang linh hdng hod, phdt trien chdn nufli, d^im bdo on djnh vd an ninh luang thyc.
Th{rc trgng chdn nudi cua ngu&i dan xi TOn Htrang
Theo so li?u thong ke nSm 2011: ddn trau cfl 525 con, ddn bfl cfl 1.251 con Irong do cfl ca bfl sQ'a, ddn Igm cfl 9.057 con, dan gia cam cfl khodng 68.921 con.
Tgp dodn cSy IhCrc an cfl gid trj chdn nuoi d*
day bao g6m cd cdy ty nhien vd cdy trong. Cay ty nhien dupc sti dyng mpl cdch thy dpng vd qud tdi, chiing phdn b6 lrong cdc bai chdn, dong co hay ven du&ng dl (1,83 ha). Tgi day cflng dd trflng m^l so gi6ng CO cfl NS cao nhung voi dl?n tich con nhfl vd trong rai rdc nen khflng cung cap dii TA cho gia sue.
Trong todn xS hifin cfl 4 nhflm tieu vimg sinh Ihdi dupc sii dyng Idm bdi chdn thd. Nhom I Idgfl dfli ly nhien (diem nghien ciiu so 1 vd 2), nhom 2 la b& de (diem nghien ciiu sfl 3 va 4), nhom 3 bdi bang ven de (diem nghien ciru so 5; 6 vd 7), nhflm 4 Id rupng Idy bfl hoang (diem nghien cuu s6 8 vd 9). Khi nghien cuu ve ihdnh phan Ioai trong cac tuyen vd fl lieu chuan thi cfl loi 44 lodi hifin dang dupc khai lhac lam TA cho gia sue, da sfl deu Id cdy cfl thap, mpc bo sat m$l dal, co thdn nit ngdn, NS Ihap vi bj khai thdc qud mirc.
diem nghien ciru mi gia sue Sn TT Ten khoa hgc
POLYPODIOPHYTA 1 Glcichcniaccac
ANOIOSPERMAE DICOTYLEDONEAE 2 Amaninthaceae 3 Apiaceae 4 Asleraceae 5 Fabaceae 6 Malvaceae 7 Mimosaceae
MO^^OCOTYLEDONEAE S Cyperaceae 9 Poaceae
Tfing s6lo4i
TSn dja phuxrng • Ng^h Duong \ i Ho Gu0t Ngiinh Hal kfn Ldp 2 \i m^m Hp Rau d^n Ho Hoa l&n Ho Ciic HODQU Ho Bong HO Trinh n&
Ldp 1 \i m&m Ho Cdi HoLl^a
1 I
1 7 1 2
2 9 23
2 1
7 2 1 2 12 25
3 1
1 7 2 2
4 7 24
Di^m 4 1
1
2 2
2 7 22
nghi£n cihi sfi 5 6
1 1 1 7 7 1 2 2 1
5 9 15 20 31
7
1 1 7 1 2
5 14 31
8
1 1 6 1 2
5 13 29
9
1 1 6 2
4 12 26
CHAN NUOI DONG V A T VA CAC VAN DE KHAC
Qua kfit qud dilu tra (Bdng I), ch6ng tfli thdy to hpp Ihdnh phdn lodi ciia tgp dodn cdy ty nhien tgi Tan Huong khd phong phu. Nhieu cdy gia siic rdt thich dn nhu: cfl Id Ire, co m§t, cfl gd, cfl mdn trau, CO gimg... So lodi cay Irong ldm TA gia siic fl day rdt nghfio ndn. Chu ylu dfin dja phuang v§n Id tr^tlg Ilia, ngo vd mOt di?n tich nhfl tr6ng lgc, MOl vdi hp gia dinh tr6ng cfl voi nh^p npi cfl NS cao nhung dien lich khflng ddng ke, chua ddp irng dupc nhu cau, chu yeu trong cfl ik Idm TA bfl sung ciing vflri phy pham cfiy trflng khdc nhu thdn vd Id cay ngfl, Igc, rcmi.
Tong difin tich co dang khai thdc trong x& Id 366,49 ha, gbm ddt trong Iiia, dat cfl cfl diing vdo
Bdng 2. Thdnh ph^n lodi
chdn nufli, dal trflng cay hang ndm khdc. Sfl gia siic hifin cfl dang vupt qua khd ning cung cdp TA ciia thdm cfl ly nhifin. Vi vay nguiri dfin Irong xa da vd dang thay doi cdch tu duy trong sdn xufit, tgo thfli quen chdn nufli gia siic theo khoa hpe kJ thu^t de cfl thl lfim gifiu tir chdn nufli.
3.2. To hpp thdnh phan lodi vd dang song Thdnh ph^n loai: Trong qud trinh dieu tra chiing tfli thu dupc 51 lodi thupc 31 hp, ddy chua phdi la day du vfi cac loai va cac hp nhung do cung Id nhting Ioai pho bien thuong gdp trong cdc tham cfl ty nhien.
0' c^c diem nghien ctru
Ten khoa h^c Tin dja phuvng Diem nghien cuu 5i
I 2 3 4 5 6
7 8 9 10 11 1?
n u 1^
lfi 17 i « 19 20 21 22 23
LYCOPODIOPHYTA Lycopodiaceae POLYPODIOPHYTA Dryopteridaceae Marsiliaceae Gleicheniaceae Schizaeaceae Woodsiaceae ANGIOSPERMAE DICOTYLEDONEAE Amaranthaceae Apiaceae Asclepiadaceae Asteraceae Boraginaceac Caesalpiniaceae Convolvulaceae Euphorbiaceae Fabaceae Hypericaceae Lauraceae Malvaceae Melastomataceae Meliaceae Mimosaceae Myrtaceae Onagrace
Nginh Thdng dk Hp Thong Ak N g ^ h Duong X!
Ho Duong xi H9 Rau bgi Hg Gugl Hg B6ng bong Hg Ring go nh6 N g ^ h H?it kin Ldp 2 Id mam Hg Rau den Hg Hoa i&n Hg ThiSn ly HgCuc Hg V6i voi Hg Vang Hg Khoai lang Hg Th^u dAu HgD$u HgBan Hg Long nSo Hg Bflng HgMua Hgxoan Hg Trinh nO HgSim Hg Rau dCra
I I 1 2
I 10 I 3 I 1 2 2
3
KHKT Chan nuoi S6 10 - 2012 57
CHAN NDOI DpNG VAT VA CAC VAN BE KHAC
Di4m nghien ciiu so
24 RosQCcau I \Q I Ion IiAng 25 Rutaceac I Ig Cam 26 Solaniiccuc l-IgCA 27 Vcrbenaccac iigCd roi ngya
MONOCOTYLEDONEAE LiVp I ]& m(im 28 Cyperaceae I Ig CAi 29 Commelinaceae llg Thill }&\
30 Poaceae Hg I.iia 31 Smiluciieeiic Mg Kim cung
T^ng so loiki 42 45 45 49 34 62 49 52 37
Qua Bfing 2, chiing toi nh^n Ih^y;
- So luting lodi 6 dilm nghien ciru so 6 (Bdi bang ven dfi xflm Thdnh Lfip hu6ng Dflng Nam) Id cao nhat cfl toi 62 Ioai, liep theo Id dilm nghien ciru so 8 (rupng lay bfl hoang xflm Dflng) cfl 52 lodi. Thap nhat Id diem nghien ciru so 5 (bdi bdng ven dfi xom Thanh Lap hu6ng Tay Bdc noi cfl ngfli nuoc chdy qua) cfl 34 loai vd diem nghifin cu^ sfl 9 (ruOng lay bo hoang xflm Thdnh Lgp) cfl 37 lodi. Nhu vfiy, trong cac Ihfim cfl chdn thd cang nhilu thi thdnh phan loai cdng phirc lgp, sfl lupng lodi tfing nhung sfl lupng cfi Ihl trong mpt Ioai thi Igl giam. Mirc dp chdn thd it Ihi sfl lodi gidm vd s6 lupmg cd the Irong lofil cao. Thuo-ng ggp cfic lodi cfl tucmg dol cao nhu: Cfl chan nhfin (Digilaria abludens), Cfl mfli (Leesia hexandra). Cfl chi fEriachne pallescens), Cfl ldn (Microstegium sarmenlosa). Cfl girng (Panicium repens). Cfl Iflng (Ischaemum indicum)... chiing co dp phii Ifln vd chlem uu thl sinh thdi.
- So Iupng Ioai cfl tang Ien nhung chieu cao thdm cfl Igl gidm, chu yeu Id do chdn thfi qud miic, gia sue dd dn vfi dam dgp thutmg xuyen lfim cho chieu cao cdc Ioai do gidm nhu is cdc tilu vimg sinh thai gfl dfli, b^ dfi, bfii bSng chdn dfi chilu cao cOa cfl chi 3-5cm. Nhung 6 rupng lay bfl hoang chifiu cao cOa cfl gimg d dilm nghien cuu so 8 Id 30cm, d diem nghien ciiu so 9 dfit thdp hon dilm nghien ciru so 8, chieu cao ciia co gCmg la 65cm, cfl mfli cao 80 cm vd cfl Ifin cao 100 cm. (S6 Ii?u thdng 9/2011). Dfl lfi do rupng lliy nggp nuac sau nfin trau bfl khfl xuong 5n dupc. Thdng 2/2012
ru$ng \h.y bfl hoang dd cgn nuoc, gia siic xuong dn, chilu cao ciia cfic lofil c6 Iiic ndy chi 5 - 7cm.
- Cfic loai hp hod thfio chiem uu thl vl s6 lupng vfi dp phil 6 cdc diem nghien cuu Iren go doi, bai bang chan de vd rupng lay bd hoang. Tren dong CO chli ylu lfi nhitng cdy hgn sinh, chju su dam dgp cua gia siic nhu c6 may (Chrysopogtm aciculalus). cfl gfi (Cynodon dactylon). cfl man trau (Eleiisine indica). cfl mgt (Paspalum conjugatum). Tuy nhien chimg dang dan bj thay the bdi cac lodi cay ma gia stic khflng dn ho$c it dn, ua sfing vd chju hgn phfit trien mgnh nhu hp Cue (Asteraceae), hp Thfiu dfiu (Euphorbiaceae), hp Sim (Myrtaceae).
- Tru6c cfic difiu ki^n song bat I9I ciia moi Irucmg, cfic lofii thyc vgt xudt hifin cac kilu hinh thfii dl thich nghl nhu: cfiy thupc thao cfl thdn ngdn, Ifi mpc lofi iron Iren mdt dat nhu Ciic chl Ihifin (Elephanlopus scaber), cfl gfi (Cynodon' dactylon), cfl may(Chrysopogon aciculalus). co man trau (Eleusine indica). c6 m|t (Paspalum conjugaium). cay bgi nho nhu Trinh niJ ^inosa pudica), cfiy 1 nfim nhu Rfin gai /Amaranthus splnosus), CO cut Ign (Ageratum conyzoides)...
thfin re phfit triln mgnh. Mpt sfl lodi cfiy leo thdn byi nhfl nhu bong bong (Schizaeaceae) chiing thu£mg viron Ifin tang tren ciia cfiy bui dl nhan dupc nhieu dnh sang vfi gia sue khflng dn nfiii tdng dfin.
- Cfic lofii cfiy than g6 va thfin bui co d^
dilm la re try khd phfit triln, co khfi nfing Ian r^ng vfi dfim sfiu.
58
CHAN NUOl DQNG VAT VA CAC VAN DE KHAC
- Nhieu thyc v^t cfl dde d i l m mpc thdnh khflm hay byi dfiy, it mpc don dpc, dfl lfi cfic lofii trong nhflm Hod thfio, hp Cfli {Cyperacea).
Co t h l nfli, 16 hpfp lofil d$c Irung cho logi hinh d6ng cfl 6 Tfin Huong noi chung lfi cac lofii cfl thap ua sang, chiu hgn thupc hp Liia
Bdng 3. NhQng dgng sSng chinh cu
(Poaceae). Nfiu dflng cfl chan thd nhilu thi thdnh phdn loai, hp se tfing Ifin gflm nhQng cdy byi va cdy byi leo. Mufln hgn c h l Ihdnh phfin loai thyc vfit mfi gia siic khflng dn dupc thi phfii bfio v^
dong cfl khfli thodi hod bfing each chdn Ihd hpp ly, ludn phien, logi bo cfiy byi, cfiy thdn go.
a Ihyc v^l trong cfic diem nghien cuu
Kieu d^ngsong Diem nghien ciiu so
Ki^u I: Cflyg6 ' ' 2 4~
Kilu 2: Cfiy byi 3 4 Kieu 3: Cfiy byi thfin bi) I 1 Kieu 4: Cfiy byi nho 1 2 Kilu 5' Cfiy bgi nh6 than b6 1 i Kilu 6: Cfiy nira bgi g 5 Kilu 7: Cfiy thfio tfiu nfim c6 h$ r l cfii 2 I
Kilu 8. Cfly c6 ch6i mgc tir rO ! Kieu 9: Cfiy thao s6ng lflu nflm c6 h$ r l cfii, c6 thfin re ngfln I I
Kieu 10: Cfiy thflo c6 h$ r l chCim. s6ng lflu nflm 5 5 8 5 3 8 Kilu I I : Cfiy thflo c6 h§ re chiim. song Iflu nflm. c<S Ihfln b6 4 5 3 3 1 5 Kilu 12: Cay thao mgc Ihfinh biji ihira, song lau nfim 1 2 2 2 4 4 Kilu 13: Cfiy thao mgc thfinh bOi dfly. s6ng lflu nflm I I 1 1 Kilu 14: Cfiy thfio s6ng Iflu nfim c6 thfln r l dfli 3 2 3 3 2 2 Kilu 15: Cfly thflo sing lfiu nflm c6 thfln re dfli vfl than b6 3 2 3 2 5 5 Kilu 16: Cfly thao mgi nfim c6 re cfii 7 5 8 9 7 8 Kieu 17: CSy thao mgt nflm c6 h? r l cfli, c6 tlifln bb
Kilu 18: Cfiy thao mpt nflm c6 hg re chfim 2 3 I I I 2
2 I 1 5 3 2 I I I 5 5 3 3 2 1 3 2 2 2 1 1
Torjg so loai Tong so kieu dcfig song
42 16
45
n
45 16
49 16
14 14
62 16
49 15
52 16
37
n
Qua Bfing 3, chiing tfli nhgn thdy;
- Thfinh phan dgng song trong cfic Ihfim cfl tuong doi phong phu vfi dfic trung cho viing. Cfic kieu dgng song nhu: Kieu 6 (cfiy nira byi), kieu 10 (cfiy thao cfl h$ r l chiim, song lau nfim), k i l u 15 (cay thfio song lau ndm cfl than re dfii vfi than bfl) vfi k i l u 16 (ca.y thao mOt nam cfl re cfii) cfl s6 lupng Ion va c h i l m uu t h l d iit cfi cfic lieu viing.
- Cac thfim cd thupc lieu viing gfl doi, ba dfi, bdi bfing chfin de dupc dimg d l chfin thfi gia siic khflng hpp Iy dan den thodi hofi dong cd, dat nghfio dinh dudng, giil' km kem, tgo d i l u ki^n cho cdy dgi phfit trien. VI vfiy, khi so Iupng dgng song tdng Ien thl gifi trj chfin thfi Igl gifim xuong.
- Cfic thfim cfl khi bj chfin thfi nhilu thi Ihdnh phan lodi vfi dgng s6ng tfing Ifin, nhilu lofii CO khfi nfing hlnh thfinh ch6i riit ngan de thich
nghi truac su dam dap ciia gia sue nhu cfl may, cfl mat, cfl gd.
- Tai cdc diem nghien ciru so 3, 4 thuOc tifiu viing ba de vfi diem nghifin cuu so 6 thupc bfii bfing chan de, dfi xual hien nhieu cac kifiu dgng sflng tir 1 den 6 mpc rfii rac trong dong cfl, cfl ch5 da mpc thanh dfim cdy byi Ifin fit cfic lofii hofi thfio. V i vgy can cfl bifin phap bfio v? dong cfl (nhat la diem nghifin ciiru sfl 3; 4 vfi 6) nhu chfin thfi CO ke hogch, difit t n i cfic lofil cfiy khflng cfl gifi tri chfin thfi, khoanh nuoi nhung khu vyc dfi m^t thfim Ihyc vfil.
3.3. Nang suat chat l u ^ n g ciia cac tham co Sinh khoi cfic thdm cfl t y nhien dupc chiing tdl nghifin ciiu va danh gifi sa bp vfio thfing 9 nfim 2011, k i t qufi thu dupc trtnh bdy a Bang 4.
KHKT Chan nudi Sd 10 - 2012 59
CHAN Nl)6l DONG VAT vA CAC VAN Pfc K H A C
Bfing 4. Sinh klioi cfic thfim cd ty nhifin (g/m^) Dilm nghiSn c
PhSn
Phan chet
• ll«
Thflng ddt
Dirong xy
Hvlloi thdo
111) Cfli
HQ dOu
Thujc thao Cay byi
khic
Sinh khui iiroi Smh kht^i khfl
% khfl/lirrti Sinh khfli liriii Sinli khfli khfl
" n khfl/liroi Smh khoi [III'I Sinh khfli khfl
% khfl/tiroi Sinh khfli tiroi Sinh khfli khfl
% khfl/liroi Sinh khfli tool Smh khfli khfl
% khfl/luoi Sinh khfli lirni Sinh khoi khfl
% khfl/tuoi Sinh khdi tuoi Sinh khoi khfl
% khfl/titoi Tflng sinh l(hdi tuoi Tdng sinh khfli khfl
Sitl
111 50 4S.0S
50 23 46.00
7 -t 57.14
70 40 57.14
238 117 166.6
So 2 4..9 2,9 59. IS
6.5 2.5 38.46
145 62 42.76
40 19 47.50
22 12 54.55 213.5 95.5 76.44
sfl 3
600 225 37.50
6.5 3.5 53.85
1.5 0.7 46.67
608 229,2 182.4
.sfl 4
600 300 50.00
1.3 0.7 53.85
20 7 35.00
10.7 6 56.07
632 313,7 221.2
s4.t
70 10 14.29
1200 300 25.00
20 5 25.00
1290 3IS 129
S66
200 75 37.50
250 145 58.00 70 25 35.71
35 10 28.57
555 255 166.5
sfl?
600 220 36.67
10.8 5.9 610.8 225,9 183.2
sis
70 10 14.29 1300 210 I6.IS
1370 220 68.5
So 9
1580 490 31.01
1580 490 47.4
Nhgn xel:
Hl?n nay, cfic thdm co trfin cfic tieu vimg dang bj khai thdc nfing vfi thuong xuyen nfin chilu cao cua thfim cfl rat thfip, dan din NS Ihap, cfic lodi CO dfiu CO than rut ngfin chju dupe sy dSm dgp cua gia sue. Nhflm cfiy byi vfi cfiy thupc thfio do gia sue khflng an nen co xu huflng tfing d^n.
Tir s6 li^u NS ciia cdc thdm cfl 6 cfic lieu vimg sinh thdi chiing tfli nhgn thay: Khoi lupmg thyc vgt trong tilu viing rupng lay bfl hoang cao hon so vdl kh6i lupng thyc vgt trfin cfic tieu viing go doi, ba dfi, bfii bfing chfin dfi, dao dpng tir 1.370 g/m^ (dilm nghien ciru so 8) den 1.580 g/m^
tuai (dilm nghien ciiu so 9), vfi hod thfio chilm ty I? rat cao (tir 94,89 din 100%). Kh6i lugng thyc v$t thap nh^t is tilu vimg sinh ihfii gfl d6i, dao dpng tir 218,4 g/m^ (dilm nghien cCru so 2) den
238 g/m^ (diem nghifin cuu so 1).
Ty lfi kho/lucri cao nhfit la o dilm nhifin cihi so 4 (lilu viing sinh thfii b6 de) 50%, tilp theo la diem nghien ciru s6 I (lieu viing sinh thai go d^i) 45,05%, thip nhit Ifi diem nghien ciru s6 8 (tilu vung sinh ihfii rupng Ifiy bfl hoang) 16,15%, lilp theo Ifi diem nghien cuu so 9 (tilu vung sinh thdi ruflng lay bd hoang). Nguyen nhfin la do nhiing loai hofi ihfio song 6 viing nhilu nud'c thi ty l | nirflc trong ihfin cao hon nhiing lofil song ncri kho hgn nhu gfl dol. bdde.
Ty l§ phan chet cao nhat la diem nghifin ciru so I (dinh doi xflm Dong), chifim tai 70% sinh khdl tuai; thap nhfit la dilm nghien ciJru s6 9 (rupng liy bd hoang xdm Thfinh L$p) chlem 3%.
Do Ifi do cfic lofil hofi thfio chit dl hfing nfim, trong mdi tnidng &m cao chung bj phfin hiiy.
CHAN NUOI DQNG V;\T VA CAC VAN DE KHAC
Bfing 5. Gifi trj chdn Ihfi lai cdc diem nghien ciiu (%) 1 Gili trj ChSn thg
Dilm nghifin c DiSm nghifln c Diflm nghifln c Diem nghien c Diem nghien c Diflm nghien c DiSm nghien c Di6m nghifln c Di^m nghien c
m S o l m S 6 2 ruS63 ruSo4 ruSo5 niSfl6 niSfl?
n i S 6 8 n i S o 9
1 T6t 23.81 26.67 24.44 18.37 29,41 29.03 30.61 26.92 29.73
Trong blnh 0 0 0 0 2,94
0 2.04 3.85 5,41
Kfm j 30,95 28,89 28,89 26,53 29,41 25,81 25,81 28,95 37,84
Khflng cfl gig tri ch9n thi { 45,24
44,44 46,67 55,10 38.24 45.16 41.54 40.28 27.02 Qua Bang 5 nh^n thay x^t vl thfinh plian lofii
thi diem nghien ciiu so 5; 6; 7; 9 Ifi cfl nhieu lofii CO gid Irj chfin thd tot, chilm lir 29,03 den 30,61%
tflng so lodi Irong diem. Gid Irj chfin Ihfi tot dgt thdp nhat la difim nghifin ciru sfl 4. Diem nghifin ciru so 6 va 7 cfl ty I^ nhtiTig Ioai khflng cfl gifi trj chdn Ihd tuong dfli cao chilm tir 41,54 din 45,16% tflng sfl lodi trong dilm nghien cuu. Nhu vdy, trong cdc thdm cfl chan thd cfing nhilu thi thanh phan loai cfing phirc lap, loai co gia tri chdn thfi tflt do bj khai thfic ngng va thudng xuyen nen gifim di.
Phuung hirong sir dung dat
De phfit huy tflt tiem ndng ctia ddt, tdng miia vy va tfing vific Ifim, nfing cao binh quan thu nhdp/ha ddt vfi tren ddu ngudl, dflng thdi an todn vl sinh thfii mfli trudng thl ckn cfl sy chuyln dfli, bo tri thich hap cfic logi cfiy lrong tren cdc lllu viing sinh thai vfi timg hO gia dinh.
* Cac thfim cd ly nhien: hifin nay dang dupc sii dyng dfi chfin nufli cdn phan ve cho timg hp de tu bo Igl, diet trir cay byi vfi cfiy dgi, thyc hi?n chfin thfi luan phifin limg vung, chdn thfi vfio Ihdi gian nhdt djnh trong ndm.
* Tham cd hai bfin bd dfi nen dupc khal thfic khi cfl lfic dpng bdng bdn phan vfi di?t trir cd dgi.
* Dfit bfing ven dfi nen tr6ng cd cao sdn ho^c trong them ngd dfiy dl lly than lfi nufli trfiu bd.
* D6I vdl gd doi bd hoang dp d6c khflng Idn nen hi^ng cd. Dat d ddy thuonng bj riia trdi cfic chfit kilm vfi kilm thd, bgc mau, gay chua. Nfiu qufi
trinh nfiy vfin tilp dien hang nfim thi sS din dfin hgu qufi Ifi dal khflng the cdi tgo dupc, tao nen nhOmg khu dat lrong, doi niii trpc gay anh hudng Idn den hfi sinh Ihfii, thfim cd ngay cang gifim NS, chit lupng va sfi din bj bifin mat. De khdc phyc can khdl phyc doi cd, cfin tgo dp phii ciia Iflp cfl cfl dp cao nhat djnh, tir do co Ihl chflng xfli mfln, cdi tao dfit.
Cac bai chfin thd chung nen cfin cir vdo tieu chufin dfit dal mfi chia cho mpl sfl hp nao do phan difin lich Ihfim cfl d cfic bai bang ven de vfi rupng lfiy bfl hoang chuyfin sang trflng cfl voi. Theo sd lieu ciia Nguyfin Thanh Thuy (2005) tgi Ba Van - Thfii Nguyen sfl lifu trung binh 6 lira cfit la 58,55 tan cd tuoi/ha/ Iiia. Vol 1,5 ha bai bfing ven dfi vfi rupng bfl hoang se tgo ra 526,95 tdn TA xanh tuang duang vdi 70,260 Don vj TA (7,5 kg co voi = 1 DVTA).
Theo Adreep (1974), vdi bd: 1-2 DVTA cho 1 kg sO-a, 4-8 DVTA cho 1 kg tdng trpng. Nhu vdy vdl 70.260 DVTA Ifing them se cho phep tfing thfim khofing 9-10 tan thjt bo.
fie xuat mo hinh
De thyc hifn dupc mfl hinh chfin nufli, theo chiing toi, mdi gia dinh nfin cfl khodng I.OOOm^
ddt trflng cfl dl cfl ihl nufli 4-5 con bfl. Theo Nguyen Thanh Thuy (2005) tai Bfi Van - Thai Nguyen, vdi difn tich nfiy I nfim thu dupc trfin 35 tan cfl voi. Neu 1 con bd ngfiy fin 30 kg cd tuol, 5 con bfl sfi fin hit 150kg/ngay. Vfiy sfl cfl trflng co the nuoi dupc trong 233 ngfiy (gan 8 thang).
KHKT Chan nuoi So 10 - 2012
CHAN NUOI DONG VAT vA CAC VAN D^ KHAC
Trong quy trinh TA xanh, miia hfi c i n l$n dyng 1 phin cd ly nhifln, s6 d u cd tr^ng trong miia hfi cfl till Ihfinh cd khfl hay kct hpp vdi phy p h i m cdy ir^ng dem u chua d l sir dyng trong miia ddng.
Miia ddng (khofing 90 ngdy). ngodi diing cd khfl hay li chua, cfl ilii- dimg thfim rain ciia vy miia - 1 kh6i lupng ldn dfi bj d6t tgi rudng. Trfin ddl irong liia, vy ngo Ihii 3 d l lay thfin vd Id NS dgt 20-30 tIn/ha sfi du cung d p cho iriiii bd trong nhOng thfing mCia dflng.
Mo hinh 1 hp 5 con bfl lfi: 3 Ihfing cd lr6ng, thdn vd Id ngfl ii chua (nudi nh6t hofin lofin d l ddm bdo gia siic khdng bj c h l l rci trong miia ddng) + 6 thfing cho fin TA xanh Ifi cfl tr6ng vd ngfl lfi dfiy + 3 Ihfing cd ly nhifin va fin b6 sung cfl lrong I5kg/con/ngdy (vdo miia hfi tir thfing 4 den thfing 10 tfin dyng cfic bfii cd t y nhifin vdi vifc sir dyng lufin phifin).'
4. KftT L U A N
- Tdn H u o n g lfi xd viing t h i p cua huy^n Pho Yfin, thfim cd l y nhifin nfim lrong nhilu viing sinh thfii khdc nhau vd dang bj khai lhac n$ng. Thdm cd t h i p , ndng s u i t t h i p , hp hda thdo chlem da so v l s6 lupng lodi vfi cfi t h l .
- Xu the b i l n doi ciJa cac thfim cd xd Tdn I l u a n g Id tfing ihfinh p h i n lofii, d$c bift Id cfiy byi vd nhO'ng lofii khflng cd gifi trj chdn thfi.
- Nhilu cay lrong dong cd cd dgng song thich nghl vdi sy dim dap ciia gia sue nhu than nit ngdn, lfi mpc hoa thj sfit dat vl the nfing suat cdng thip hem.
Evaluating the actual state of fodder resources in T a n H u o n g commune, Pho Ven district, Thai Nguyen province
A,t,'i/ri'/i Thi Nhu Quynh. Hoang Chimg Tan Huong, a commune in the lowland in Pho Yeen district. Thai Nguyen province, has tropical moonson climate with much rainfall but uneven dislribuion In a year. All lawns in this area have short grasses but are heavily being exploited. However, these lawns are changing into main trends: the development of bushes and trees without food values for cattle. Many species in Poaceae family have life forms which adapt to Ihe stampede of cattle such as: becoming shorter, growing nearer on the ground,...
To improve the effectiveness in using land, we should give land lo the households and grow grasses for cattle.
Key words: lawns, cattle, land, species, food
TAI L I ? U T H A M K H A O
1, Adreep L.G (1974). Kinh doanh d^ng c6. Nxb Bdng liia vdng, Maxcova.
2. Hodng Chung (1980). D^ng cd viing niii Dde Vi^
Nam, Cdng trlnh nghien curu khoa hgc - Tnrtog Dfii hpe su ph^m Vi^I Bdc.
3 Hoing Chung (2008). Cdc phuong phdp nghifin cim qu^'xd Ihv'C v^t. Nxb Gifio dye.
4. Ph^m Hoing H$ (1993). Cfiy c6 Ihudng Ihly 6 Vi§t Nam.
Hoing Chung, Nguyin Tlianh Thuy (2003).
Nghifin CLTU cfic bi^n phfip nfing cao ning suit vi chit Iirpng mpt s6 loii co tr6ng tgi Bfi Van. Thii Nguyfin,
"Nhftng vin dl nghien eihi co bin trong khoa hoc sv s6ng". Hi N^i, ihfing 11 /2005.
Trung tfim Khoa hfc T ^ nhien vi C&ng ngh^
Qufic gia. Danh lyc cic loii ihyc v ^ Vifl Nam. (t|p 2: nam 2003. tfip 3: nftm 2005), Nxb N6ng nghifip.
HiN&i.
