TAP CHi CONG THlTlfNG
BO CHI TIEU HIEU QUA QUAN LY KHO HANG TAI CAC DOANH NGHIEP
d VIET NAM:
NGHIEN ClfU, SO SANH GlCfA DOANH NGHIEP FDI VA DOANH NGHIEP TRONG Nl/6C
• TRUdNG HUY HOANG - Dl/dNG TRUNG KIEN - N G U Y I N DAT MINH
T 6 M TAT:
Kho hang la mgt trong nhffng mat xich quan trong trong chuoi cung ifng sdn xuat doi vdi bat ky doanh nghiep hoac to chifc nao. He thong kho hang giiip doanh nghi?p dim b^o di/dc hoat dong san xuS^t diTcfc lien tuc, dong thcfi thoa man nhu cau cua khach hang thong qua cung iJng hang hda dung ban.
Mac du v$y, hi6n nay, hi$u qud quan ly kho hang dang la thach thifc d^t ra cho doanh nghi$p Vi6t Nam trong b6'i cdnh phat tri^n nhanh chdng cua c6ng nghe va qua trinh logistics toan cau.
Hien nay, chi phi cho quan ly Idio hang chie'm m6t ty trong khdng nhd trong t6ng chi phi san xuat cua doanh nghiep. Trong khi do, nhieu doanh nghiSp FDI tai Vi$t Nam da cho thay kho hang la mpt trong nhffng khu vffc can qudn ly hang dau trong cd chuoi san xuift.
Bai viet de xuat cac chi so danh gia hieu qua quan ly kho hang tai cac doanh nghi?p cd kho hang phdn phoi tai Viet Nam thong qua nghidn cffu tinh hud^ng. Ket qua nghien cffu cho thify, chi sd' hieu qud qudn ly kho tai cac doanh nghiep ciia Vidt Nam la khdng day du vi can dffdc ddn gian hda. Bdn canh do, tdc gid cung chi ra rang dang cd sff khdc bidt ddng ke ve triet 1^ qudn l;y kho h&ng giffa cac nhdm doanh nghiep.
Tiif khoa: Quan 1^ kho hang, doanh nghiep trong nffdc, doanh nghidp FDI.
1. DQt v3'n d^ quan ly sdn xuat va he thong qudn ly kho tich hdp Kho hang ngay nay giff mpt vai tro het sffe quan hieu qua trong nhffng nam trd lai day. Day Id hieu trpng trong hoat dpng sdn xua't kinh doanh cua ffng tff viec nhan thffc dffdc vai trd quye't dinh cua doanh nghiep, tham chi nd quyd't dinh de'n sff thdnh kho hdng trong he thong logistics, lffu trff trong b^i cdng hodc that bai cua doanh nghiep dd (Frazelle, canh he th^ng cung ffng ngay cang ddi hdi dung 2002). Khdng nhffng vay, kho hang cdn la mpt mat thdi di^m d he thd'ng logistics ngdy cdng phffc lap xich quan trpng trong chuoi cung ffng hang hda, no (Association & Kearney, 2004).
ldc dpng d^n ca chi phi cung ffng vd chi phi sdn xua't Qudn 1^ mdt he thd'ng kho hdng hi?u qud vd loi (Faber, De Koster, & Smidts, 2013). Trong chie'n ffu da va dang trd thdnh nhiem vu day thdch ihffc Iffdc quan m san xua't va chudi cung ffng hieu qua. dd'i vdi doanh nghiep (DN), dSc biet la irong bd'i nhi^u doanh nghidp da xay dffng cde tning tam cdnh canh tranh gay gj£lvd chuoi cung ffng loan clu
298 So 17-Thang 7/2020
QUANTRI-QUANLY
ngay cang hoan thien vdi chi phi van hang giam.
Do vdy, cdu hdi quan trpng c^n dffdc cac DN tra ldi Id lam the' nao de quan ly kho hang hieu qud trong chudi cung ffng, sdn xud't, qudn ly, ke' hoach vd sff bid'n ddng day thdch thffc nhff hidn nay (Hompel &
Schmidt, 2006). Trong pham vi qudn ly san xua't tac nghiep, mffc dp phffc tap va sff 6n dinh trong quan ly kho hang cdn phu thupc nhilu vao qua tnnh san xuat vd mffc dp da dang cua sdn pham sdn xud't cua DN. Theo do, mpt doanh nghiep san xua't cang da dang Chung loai sdn pham vdi mffc dd dao ddng san Iffdng cang Idn thi cang ddi hoi he thd'ng quan ly kho hang va cde chffdng trinh ke hoach cao va phffc tap(Faberetal., 2013; Wascher, 2004).
Cac hoat dpng quan ly kho hang thffdng hdn quan den vide lffu trff hang hda vai chat va cde quy Innhquan ly thong tin can thid'l lien quan de'n hang hda. Theo dd, viec quan ly nay phai dap ffng dffdc ydu cau lffu trff hieu qua vd qudn ly thdng tin td't lien quan de'n tinh trang cua hang hda trong kho hang (Gunasekaran, Marri, & Menci, 1999). Ben canh dd, vide quan ly kho hang can ddm bdo quan ly hieu qud ehung loai, so' Iffdng, vi tri hang hda, mffc dd sfn sang lffu trff hang hda va td'i ffu khdng gian kho hdng (Faber et al., 2013; Gunasekaran et al„ 1999).
Mac dii vay, hien nay khdng phai doanh nghiep nao cung dat dffdc muc lieu qudn ly kho hang hidu qua nhff mong mud'n, dac bidt la cde doanh nghidp nhd va vffa (SMEs) vd doanh
nghidp tai cde quoc gia dang phai tri^n (De Boer &
Voordijk, 2014;
Muchaendepi, Mbohwa, Hamandishe, & Kanyepe, 2019). Theo dd, cde va'n d l chinh md cac DN SMEs vd DN tai edc nffdc dang phat trien gap phdi trong quan ly kho hang gom: (1) Cd sd ha ting han che', (2) Ndng Iffc qudn I^ van hanh, (3) Kha ndng cdi tie'n va lap ke hoach (De Boer & Voordijk, 2014).
Ngffde lai, tai cac tdp dodn da qud'c gia (MNCs) thi he Ihd'ng kho hang Iai td ra hidu qud cao hdn vdi ty le chi phi d mffc thd'p hdn (Assis &
Sagawa, 2018; Dong, 2011).
Do dd, viec danh gid dffdc thffc trang l6n tai trong quan ly kho hang tai cac doanh nghiep SMEs vd tai cac qud'c gia dang phdt trien Id dieu can thid't de dffa ra dffdc cac chid'n Iffdc ndng cao nang Iffc canh tranh cua DN vd qud'c gia dd. Ngodi ra, cd di/dc sff so sdnh trong qudn ly kho hang cua DN tai qud'c gia dang phat trien vdi cac MNCs cd the giup cac nha quan ly DN rut ra dffdc nhffng bai hpc, kinh nghiem de ndng cao hidu qua quan ly kho hang.
Bai vie't trien khai danh gia ihffc trang qudn ly kho hang dd'i vdi DN truyen thd'ng cua Viet Nam trong bo'i cdnh so sanh vdi hd thd'ng quan ly kho hang cua DN MNCs tai Viet Nam thdng qua 2 tinh hudng nghien cffu de cd dffdc bffc tranh ddnh gia tong thd sff khdc biet, tff do nit ra nhffng ban luan vd dd xua't cho cac nha quan ly DN va cho cac ddn vi quan ly phdt trien cdng nghidp tai Viet Nam.
2. Cd softy thuye't 2.1. Qudn ly kho hdng
Quan ly kho hang dffdc hieu Id vide qudn ly va kiem soat ta't ca cac boat dpng lidn quan dd'n lap ke' hoach va kie'm soat cac quy tnnh lac nghiep irong kho hang (Slack, Chambers, & Johnston, 2010).
Muc dich chinh cua quan ly kho hang la dam bao qua tnnh san xua't tdc nghiep dffdc thffc hien Hen tuc, cd hidu qua va cung cap hang hda/ dich vu dd'n khdch hang dung thdi die'm (Faber et al., 2013;
Slack etal., 2010).
Hinh 1: Cac hoat dgng chinh cua kho hang
ntF NHAN DON HANG . Lich tmh van c b ^ e n . Thiel b| xep da . Kiem tra h ^ h o ^ .Sasanhhoadcmdlthaog
:z:
L U t J T R f r HANG HOA . Xac nli4n sanph^iii . Xae nh^Q v) oi km tril -Dl chuyen san pbam
C^p nl^I be thong
Q I A N L Y L t r U T O f T Tlii^ibi V] tri hni tril
So hi^ng. Kich cd. thf dch Tbaihiin
CHUAN BJ VAN C H I T O N .Dannh£n . Xep haog
CHl"AN BI DON HANG
iz:
Xac nhin diODg Im Lenta l i ^ ' h ^ g Xac nhjl l|cb tmh nta|t bang
A_
\-XS C H I T £ N D O N HANG L |C h tiinh vvn chiA en X e c b a h a i ^ Hoa dun van chiR en C^p nbiit thot^ lii
Nguon: Kusrini, Novendri. & Helia. 2018 So 17-Thdng 7/2020 299
T^PCHJCONGTHirOlNB
Hoat ddng cd ban trong quan ly kho hang bao gom tie'p nhan hdng hda, lffu trff hang hda, lffa ehpn ddn hdng, van chuyen ddn hang (Hompel &
Schmidt, 2006). Theo do, de qudn ly kho hang hieu qua, doanh nghiep buoc phdi quan tdm dd'n viec to'i ffu hda mpi boat ddng cua kho hdng iff khi tiep nhan hang hda den khi van chuyen hang hda tdi khu vifc sdn xua'thoac de'n tay khach hang.
2.2. Cac chi sdddnh gid hi$u qud kho hdng Vide do Iffdng hieu qua quan ly kho hang ma mpt ydu cau can thid't de' doanh nghiep tha'y diidc viec .sff dung kho hang dang dat mffc dd the' nao so vdi muc tieu mong mud'n vd so vdi cac he ihd'ng kho hdng khac (Kusrini et al., 2018). Theo dd, chi so' do lu'dng hieu qua quan ly kho hang bao gom mpt he thd'ng cde chi tidu do Iffdng dinh Iffdng dffdc sff dung d^ danh gia nhff thdi gian lffu trff, he sd' sff dung, chi phi kho hang (Neely, Gregory, & Platts, 1995). Ngodi ra, mffc do hai Idng cua khdch hdng (bao gom khach hang cud'i ciing va khach hang ndi bp) cung dffdc sff dung nhff mdt chi tidu ddnh gid dinh tinh hidu qua qudn ly kho hdng (Standi, Alpan, Di Mascolo, & Rodriguez, 2015).
Frazelle va cdng su^ (2005) da dufa ra ma tran danh gia hidu qua quan ly kho hang vdi 25 chi dan ddnh gia Hdn quan dd'n cac thdng so' ve nang sua't.
chat lffdng, thdi gian dd'i vdi tffng boat ddng tff tie'p nhan ddn hang, lffu trff ddn hang, lffa chon ddn hdng cho dd'n vdn chuyd'n ddn hang (Frazelle, 2002).
Bdng 2 dinh bay ve cde chi tidu ddnh gia hidu qua quan ly kho hang.
3. PhiTifng phap nghien ci}u
Nghien cffu nay sff dung phffdng phdp nghidn cffu dinh tinh de thu thap vd phan tich dff lidu.
Nghidn cffu dinh tinh giup cung ca'p mdt cdi nhin vd sff am hieu sau sac ve mdt sff vat, hien tffdng (Perry, 1988). Ben canh dd, nd lai the hien khd td't trong viec giup ngffdi nghien cffu hieu sau van dl va giup trd ldi cde cdu hdi "tai sao" va "nhff the' nao" de gidi thich cho mdt sff vdt, hien tffdng (Easterby-Smith, Thorpe, & Jackson, 2012;
Parkhe, 1993).
Nghidn cffu tinh hud'ng Id mdt cdch thffc rd't gid tri d^ ki^m nghidm ly thuyd't hidn hffU, dong thdi cung cap mdt nguon cau hoi nghien cffu mdi. Hdn nffa, nghidn cffu dnh huo'ng cung cap sff linh hoat trong vide tham dd y kid'n ngffdi trong cudc trong qua trinh phong van ngffdi tham gia vd thu thap cac minh chffng tai chd (Eng, 2009). Cde ky thual thu thap dff lieu ke't hdp giffa nghien cffu tdi lidu, thu thap dff heu thff cap, phdng vd'n cd nhdn,., dffdc tien hdnh nghidn cffu trong bai vid't ndy de khdm phd ra
Bdng 2. Cac chitieu danh gia hieu qud qudn ly kho hang
Tiep nhan hang hoa
Kiem tra hang hda
Lffu trO ddn hang
Lffa chon ddn hang
Van chuyen ddn hang
Tai chinh Chi phf tiep nhdn cho moi dan hang
Chi phi kiem tra cho mdi ddn hang
Chi chi Iffu trQ cho mm mat hang
Chi phi lffa ehpn cho mdi ddn hang
Chi phi van chuyen cho mdl don hang cua khach hang
Nang sudit Sd ddn hang tiep nhan tren mot gid cdng lao dpng So hang kiem tra dupc tren mpt gid cdng lao dpng
So luu trO tren mpt m^
Sd hang dffpc lay tren mpt gid cdng lao dong So hang dapc chuan h\ van chuyen tren mdt gid cdng lao ddng
lOiong gian Ty I& % cong nhdp duoc SLf dung Ty Id % khu viJc va thiet bj ki^m tra dupc SLi dung Ty le % cac d hang va % the tich duac lffu trff Ty Ip % cac khu vffc va thiet bj chon dupe sii dyng
Ty le % cdng xuat dupe sLi dgng
Chft lffdng Ty Id % hang nhap duac thffc hien dung quy trinh Ty le % kiem tra dat chat Iffpng Ty le % cac d hang dy trO dong nhat Chung loai Ty 1^ % cac dOn hang duac chon khdng cd thi^u sdt
Ty le % cac chuyen hang khdng cd thieu sdt
Chu ky Iffu trff
Thdi gian tlSp nhdn cho mdi don hang
Thdi gian kiem tra cho moi ddn hang |
So ngay luu trQ hang hoa
Thdi gian Iffa ehpn mdi dan hang
Lead time ddt hang bao lau
Nguon Frazelle. 2002 300 So 17 Thdng 7/2020
QUANTRI-QUANLV
nhflng dac did'm vd thffc trang qudn ly kho hang tai doanh nghidp d Viet Nam. Thdng qua nghien cffu sau lai cde tinh hud'ng, tdc gid chi ra dffpc thffe trang quan 1]? kho hdng dffa trdn cac chi sd'ddnh gia hieu qua dffdc hinh bay d phan trffdc, dong thdi ed dffdc sff so sdnh giffa cae tinh hud'ng.
Hai he thd'ng kho hang san ph£m cua hai doanh nghidp san xuat tai Viet Nam gom doanh nghidp cd' phan nha nffde vd doanh nghiep FDI dUdc lffa chon d^ nghidn cffu. Mot so' dieu kien de lffa ehpn tinh hud'ng nghien cffu la doanh nghidp phai cd he thd'ng kho hang qudn ly trdn 300 ehung loai san pham.
Hoat ddng qudn ly hang hda xua't nhap trong kho dffdc thffe Men hang ngdy. Bang 3 long hdp lai mdt sd Ihdng tin cd ban cua cde tinh hud'ng nghidn citu:
ly lien quan de'n Logistics va quan Iy chudi cung ffng ve cde chi tidu ddnh gid hieu qua qudn ly kho hang theo de xuat cua Frazella (2002) trong Bang 2. Tac gia da tie'n hanh phdng va'n cac chuyen gia vd nha quan ly theo ciing mdt each nhu nhau, thdng qua phong va'n trffe tid'p hoac qua dien thoai.
Ke'l qua phdng va'n cho thay, mdt sd' chi lieu danh gia dffde xac dinh la phu hdp, tuy nhidn mdt sd' chi lieu khdc cdn nhieu quan diem ehifa ddng nha't, dac biet la cac ehi tidu lien quan dd'n tai chinh va he sd' sff dung khdng gian. Theo dd, mdt sd'chuyen gia cho rang, ra't khd de xac dinh cy the mffc dp hidu qud tai chinh ehinh xac cho iffng ddn hdng hoac he so' sff dung khdng gian kho vi mdi doanh nghiep, kho hdng lai ed dac diem thid'l kd'rieng vd hang hoa
Bang 3. Thong tin cac tinh huong nghiin ciiu STT
1
2
Doanh nghidp
NTP
TMV
Lo^l hinh DN
CPcdvdn Nha nffdc
FDI
Quymd
1.400 lao dpng
1.800 lao ddng
€}$c dilm kho hang dii^ic ehpn - 450 chijng loai
- Thao tac nhap - xuat hang ngay thii cdng - Quan ly ket hpp may tinh va thu cdng -Tren 2000 ehung loai
- Thao tac nhap - xuat hang ngay thij cdng - Quan ly ket hpp may tinh va thu cong
Ngodi ra, d^ danh gid hidu qud quan ly he thd'ng kho hang trong doanh nghiep tai Viet Nam, bai vie't cung thffc hidn phdng va'n cac chuyen gia va nhd qudn ly kho hang de tai khang dinh vd dieu chinh mpt so'chi tieu tren cd sd nghien cu^ cua Frazelle, 2002. Theo dd, ihdng tin ngffdi dffdc phdng van va npi dung phdng va'n dffde the' hidn nhff Bang 4.
Bdng 4. Thdng tin ngudi dUctc phdng vdn
sn
1 2 3 4 6
Hpttn L A T H A T N.T.C LN.K NH.S
Ma hoa CG.01 NQL01 NQL02 CG.02 NQL.03
LTnh vuc Logistics va chuoi cung LJng Quan ly SX cap cao Quanly san xul't Tuvgn quan tn tinh gon Quan ly Logistics n6i bp
Kinh nghi$m Tren 20 nam Tren 20 nam Tren 20 nam 6 nam Tren 20 nSm
4. Bp chi so' danh gia hi^u qua quan ly kho hang
Kd't qud phdng va'n cde chuydn gia va nhd qudn
Nguon: Nhom ldc gid thu thdp cung khde nhau. Do do, chuyen gia gpi y cd the sff dung mdt so chi lieu ddn gian hdn de' ddm bao tinh khathikhidanhgid.(Hdp 1)
Cu the, cac nhan xet ve cac chi tidu danh gid hieu qud qudn ly kho hang tff phdng van cde chuydn gia va nhaqudnly dffpc trinh bdy nhff trong Bdng 5.
Sau khi lo'ng hpp cae y kie'n nhan xet vd de xud'l cde chi tieu danh gia hidu qua qudn ly kho tai Viel Nam, tac gid ddnh gia va so sanh vdi ly thuyd't va long hdp ra bd chi tieu danh gia ddn gian hda theo dieu kien hien tai eua cae DN Viel Nam, trinh bay trong Bang 6.
Bd chi tidu ndy dffde sff dung de' danh gid lai cac tinh hudng nghien effu. Cde tieu chi dffdc Iffa chon tren ed sd ddn gidn hda dffa trdn gdi y tff ke't qua phong van cung nhff de phu hpp vdi thffc trang quan Iy kho tai Viet Nam.
Nguon: Nhdm tdc gid tong hap
So 17-Thang 7/2020 301
TAP CHi CONG THIfdNG
Hop 1. Tom t a t k e t q u d p h o n g v d n c d e c h u y e n g i a v d n h a q u d n ly Tac gia: Khi danh gia hieu qua quan ly kho hang, chi tieu nao can dUdc quan tam?
Tra ldi: Tn/dc tien, can xem do la loai kho hang gi vi ma loai kho hang thi co cac chi tieu khac nhau v6i (rong socijng khac nhau. 6 day. quan ly kho hang mdi chi xem xet den hoat dpng quan ly thdi chff neu de cap den quan ly dU trijf Igi la bai toan khac. Tuy nhien, mp( kho hang phan phoi thong thudng thi nen danh gia theo quy trinh quan ly va d moi quy trinh do co cac chi^eu lien quan den hieu qua sddung khong gian, mat bang, leadtime luu ^rO(CG.0^). NQL01). Hg sordtdong la m0t chi tieu quan trong (CG,02). Khong chi la viec luu duac bao nhieu hang ma van de la kho hang dupe quan ly the nao, khi co don hang thi viec tim kiem, nhat hang dugc t6t nhat {NQL,02). Ben canh do, ty Id dat chat lupng til liic nhdp den luc xult hang cung rat quan trpng vi no the hien mdc dd kiem soat tot ciia kho (NQL.03).
Tac gia: Vay cac ch! sd ve tai chfnh nhu chi phi tiep nhan dan hang, chi phi quan ly, chi phi luu kho thi sao?
Tra lei: Thffc ra, tat ca nhdng cht sd 6 tren deu cd the quy hieu qua ve tien nhffng neu ndi chinh xac bao nhieu tien cho mpt lan nhap ddn hay mpt lan nhdt hang thi khd co cdng ty nao tinh den (CG 01). Ngoai ra, moi dan hang nhieu it khac nhau, gia tri cac mdt hang luu tri3 khong phai liic nao cling gidng nhau, neu quy ehung vd chi phi cho ma dan hang cd the l?i khdng thuc sff phii hpp (NQL.03). Neu cd thi ndn dua chi phi lidn quan den quan ly va nhan cdng (NQL.02., CG.02).
Tac gia: Neu tac gia dua ra mdt ma tran danh gia thi the nao (ma Iran in tiJ Bang 2)
Tra teii; Ban dmh hdi doanh nghiep nao, vi nhieu doanh nghiep khdng phan dinh rd rang thanh cac cdng dogn ttie nay dau. Cdng ty cua tdi tiii cd nhung chua chac cdng ty khac cd? (NQL.01)
Tac gia: Tac gia dmh sii dyng bang nay de khao sat 2 nhdm doanh nghiep la DN Nha nudc va DN FDI
Tra let: Neu sii dung de so sanh thi co the dupe (NOL 01), tuy nhien, can phai lam ro mdt sd chi tidu vi da phdn tach chi tiet the nay thi can phai rat cu the (CG.01., NQL.01, NQL.03).
(long hdp cacy kid'n cu the tdng chi tieu se duoc trinh bay rieng).
Nguon: Nhom tdc gid long hap tif cde cugc phong vdn Bdng 5. Ket q u d p h d n g vd'n c d o chT tj§u d a n h g i d hieu q u d q u d n ly k h o h d n g
Tiep nhan hang hoa
Kidm tra hang hda
lai chfnh Nang suat | Khong gian | Chat Iffpng | Oiu kyrlffu bO Dexual
Chi phi tiep nhan cho mdi ddn hang
So don hang tiep nhan tren mdt gid cdng lao ddng
Ty le % cdng nhap duac SLi dung
Ty 1$ % hang nhdp dupc thyc hien diing quy trinh
Thdi gian tiSp nhdn cho mdl dan hang Ykien
Khdng tinh dUdc chi phi nay. Neu cd thi chi tinh dupe chi phi nhan cdng va chi phi vdn tai
Nen danh gia theo thdi gian tiep nhan mdi chuyen hang (cd the la 1 container)
Khdng nen dua chi tieu nay. Da sd DN chi cd 1 hoac 2 cdng nhap
Khdng nen dua tieu chi nay. Phan Idn don hang nhap da duoc thyc hien theo quy trinh d may tinh
Trting vdi chi tidu nang sudt
Qexuat Chi phi kiem tra cho mdi ddn hang
Sdhang kiem tra duoc trdn mdt gid cdng lao ddng
Tyle%khuvycva thigtbiki^mtra dupe sff dyng
Tyld%kiemtrad9t chatlff^g
Thdi gian ki^m tra cho mdi don hang
Ykien ,
Khdng tinh duoc.
Ndn ndu ro chi phi nhan cdng
Khdng can thiet dua chi tieu nay
Khdng clnthi^t dua c^i tidu ndy
Chua rd the nao la dgt chat lupng. Ndn dua ty Id ldi b! bo sot cho cdng d o ^ sau
Ndn neu rd don vi CM the cua don hang. Vf dy: 1 container ho$c1 pallet
302 So 17-Thdng 7/2020
QUAN TRj-qUANLV
NdngsuSt Khdng gian Chai luong Oiulq'Iffu tiff Oexuat
LUutrO ddn hang
Khdng gian luu trff cho mdi mat hang
Sd luu trff tren mdl m^
Ty le % cac d hang va% the lich dupc luutrti
Ty le% cac d hang dytEii ddng nhat ehung loai
So ngay luu trff hang hda
Todn bd cac chi tieu ciia cdng dogn luu trO dan hang ch! nen bao gom' (1) He sd sd dyng khdng gian kho vd (2) lead time Iffu ^ '
Dexuift
Lua ehpn dan hang
Chi phi lffa chon cho mdi ddn hang
So hang dffpc lay trdn mdt gid cdng
Ty Id % cac khu vyc va thiet bi chia chon dUdc sii dung
Tyle%cacdPn hang dupc chon khdng CO thieu sdt
Thdi gian lya ehpn mdi ddn hang
Khdng tinh dudcvl mdl ddn hang Idn, nhdkhacnhau.
Cdn phy thudc vao v| tri d^ hang, kich thudc, trpng lUtjng hang hda
CdnphyBiudcvao kehogchvdn chuydn don hang va mile do huy ddng ngudn Iffc ciia kho
Ddngy
Ndnquyvecuthe' ddn vj so sanh nhu mdt chuyen xe hay mdt container DSxual
Vdn chuyen don hdng
Chi phi van chuydn cho mdi ddn hang cua khach hang
So hang dupc chuHnbidevan chuyen tren mdt gid cdng lao ddng
Ty le % cdng xuat dupc SLI dgng
Ty le % cac chuyen hang khdng cd thieu sdt
Lead time ddt hang bao lau
Ykien
Ddngy Khdng ndn dua chi tieu nay
Khdng SLI dung chi tieu nay vi phan Idn DNchicd1hoac2 cong xud't
Ddngy Ddngy
Nguon: Nhdm ldc gid tdng hap ticket qud phong van
Bdng 6. Tong hdp c d e chi tieu danh gid hidu qud qudn ly kho hdng tgi Vi^t N a m T1€pnh$n
1. Thdi gian liep nhdn xong mdt ddn hang 2. Chi phi nhdn cdng tiep nhdn mdt don hdng
Kiem tra 1. Thdi gian kiem tra mdt ddn hang 2 Ty le hang ldi bi bo sdt
Lffu trO 1. He SO sLl dyng khdng gian 2. Lead time luu trff hang hda
Chuan b| >^nchuySr) L T y l e d a n | 1. Chi phi van chuyen moi hang chuan bi ddn hang
khdng thieu sdt
2. Ty le van chuyen ddn hang khdng thieu sdt 3. Leadtime dat hang
5. Ban lu$n ke't qua nghien crfu
Bdi vid't tnnh bay td'ng quan ly thuye't ve quan Iy kho hdng vd cde chi so' danh gia hieu qua quan
\S tai mpt kho hang trong doanh nghiep. Thdng qua nghien cffu tinh hud'ng tai mot doanh nghiep FDI va mpt doanh nghiep CP Nha nffdc tai Viet
NguSn: Nhom tdc gid phdt trien Nam, nhdm tdc gia da dffa ra mdt bp cac chi so' danh gia hieu qua sd bd cho cac he ihd'ng kho hdng phan phd'i trong cac doanh nghiep Viet. Bd chi so' nay dffdc dffa ra trdn ed sd nghien cffu ly thuye't, tff do tham va'n y kie'n edc chuyen gia vd nhd quan Iy trong doanh nghiep eung nhff dieu
So 17-Thang 7/2020 3 0 3
TAP CHi CONG THlTKNG
k i d n h e thd'ng q u a n ly k h o h d n g tai c a c d o a n h ly giffa D N FDI vd D N trong nffdc trong h e thd'ng n g h i e p tinh hud'ng. q u a n ly sdn xua'l ndi e h u n g vd q u a n ky k h o hdng ndi
Bai vid't cDng cho tha'y sff khac biet giffa h e thdng n d n g (Nguydn D a t M i n h , 2018).
q u a n ly kho h a n g tai doanh n g h i e p F D I va doanh Tff nhffng d e xua't c a c chi sd' ddnh gid cua bai n g h i e p trong nffdc. T h e o d d , da so eae ehi tieu h i e u vie't, c a c nghidn cfflj tiep t h e o cd the tie'n hanh q u d q u a n l y kho h a n g d e u dffdc theo ddi ddnh gid tai nghidn cffu sau h d n trdn quy md Idn c a c doanh c d n g ty T M V . T r o n g khi do, p h a n Idn e a e ehi tieu dd n g h i e p tai Viet N a m d e dffa ra mpt bp ehi sd' danh lai khdng dffdc t h e o ddi d a y du tai c d n g ty N T P . Ke't gid hieu q u a qudn ly k h o phu h d p hdn trong dieu q u a n a y p h a n a n h dffde sff khdc bidt v e trinh dp q u a n kien c a c d o a n h n g h i e p Viet •
T A I L I ? U T R I C H D A N :
'Leaddme lUu trff: La thdi gian tff khi hang dUdc dUa vao luM triJ dd'n khi hang dUdc nhat de xuat di
T A I L i e u T H A M K H A O :
1 Assis, R d., & Sagawa, J. K. (2018). Assessment of the implementation of a Warehouse Management System in a multinational company of industrial gears and drives. Gestao & Produ^do, 25(2), 370-383.
2. Association, E. L., & Kearney, A. (2004). Differentiation for performance excellence in logistics 2004. Deutscher Verkehrs-Verlag, Hamburg.
3. De Boer, S. J., & Voordijk, H. (2014). The changing strategic roles for warehousing in an emerging economy:
case study in Ukraine. International Journal of Logistics Economics and Globalisation, 6( 1), 1-21.
4. Dong, Q. (2011). Research on MNCs' Supply Chain Implementation in China. Contents, problems and Recommendations.
5. Easterby-Smith, M., Thorpe, R., & Jackson, P. R. (2012). Management research: Sage.
6. Eng, T. (2009). Manufacture upgrading and inter-firm relationship development: The case of electronics fimis in the Pearl River Delta. Asia Pacific Business Review. 15(4), 507-525.
7. Faber, N., De Koster, M., & Smidts, A. (2013). Organizing warehouse management. International journal of operations & production management, 33(9), 1230-1256.
8. Frazelle, E. (2002). World-class warehousing and material handling (Vol. 1): McGraw-Hill New YoA.
9. Gunasekaran, A., Marri, H., & Menci, F. (1999). Improving the effectiveness of warehousing operations. A case study. Industrial Management and Data Systems, 99(8), 328-339.
10. Hompel, M., & Schmidt, T. (2006). Warehouse management: Automation and organisation of warehouse and order picking systems: Springer Science and Business Media.
11. Kusrini, E., Novendri, F . & Helia, V. N. (2018). Determining key performance indicators for warelwuse performance measurement-a i use study in construction materials warehouse. Paper presented at the MATEC Web of Conferences.
12. Muchaendepi, W., Mbohwa, C , Hamandishe, T., & Kanyepe, J. (2019). Inventory Management and Performance of SMEs in the Manufacturing Sector of Harare. Procedia Manufacturing. 33,454-461.
13. Neely, A., Gregory. M., & Platts, K. (1995). Performance measurement system design- a literature re\ iew and research agenda. International Joumal of Operations and Production Management, 15(4). 80-116.
14. Nguven Bdt Minh. (2018). Ddnh gid nhitjig nhdn id tdc dgng din viec dp dung thdnh cong phuang phdp sdn xudt LEAN tgi cde doanh nghiep sdn xud't d Viet Nam Luan an tien sT kinh te. Tru'dng Dai hoc Bdch khoa Ha Npi.
304 So 17-Thang 7/2020
QUAN IRI-qUAHIlV
15. Parkhe, A. (1993). "Messy" research, methodological predisposiuons, and theory development in intemational jomt ventures. Academy of Management review. 18(2), 227-268.
16. Slack, N , Chambers, S., & Johnston, R. (2010). Operations management: Pearson education.
17. Standi, F. H., Alpan, G.. Di Mascolo, M., & Rodriguez, C. M. T (2015). Warehouse performance measuremenl: A literature review. InlernalionalJoumal of Production Research, 53(18), 5524-5544.
18. Wascher, G. (2004). Order picking: A survey of planning problems and methods Supply chain management and reverse logistics (pp, 323-347): Springer.
Ngay nh^n bai: 9/6/2020
Ngay phan bi?n danh gia va sufa chffa: 19/6/2020 Ngay cha'p nh$n dang bai: 29/6/2020
Thong tin tdc gid:
1. TS. TRUCflNG HUY HOANG 2. TS. DUONG TRUNG KIEN 3. TS. N G U Y I N DAT MINH Trtfdng D^i hQc Dien Ii^c
INDICATORS OF THE WAREHOUSE MANAGEMENT EFFICIENCY OF ENTERPRISES OPERATING IN VIETNAM:
A STUDY ON FDI ENTERPRISES AND DOMESTIC ENTERPRISES
• Ph.D TRUONG HUY HOANG
• Ph.D DUONG TRUNG KIEN
• Ph.D NGUYEN DAT MINH Electric Power University
ABSTRACT:
Warehouses play a key role in supply chams of any business and organization. The warehouse system helps an enterprise ensure its continuous production and satisfy its customers' needs by timely supplying goods. However, the warehouse management efficiency is a current challenge for Viemamese businesses in the context of rapid development of global logistics and technology. The cost of warehouse management accounts for a significant proportion of the total production cost of businesses. Meanwhile, the experience of many FDI enterprises operating in Vietnam hss shown that the warehouse management would be prioritized in the whole production chain. This paper proposes indicators to evaluate the warehouse management efficiency of enterprises which have distribution warehouses in Viemam by analyzing cases.
This paper's findings show that the warehouse management efficiency indicator of Vietnamese enterprises is mcomplete and it should be simplified. In addition, the findings show that there are significant differences in warehouse management approaches among business groups.
Keywords: Warehouse management, domestic enterprises, FDI enterprises.
So 17-Thang 7/2020 3 0 5
