TAP CHl KHOA HOC BHSP TPHCM Phan Minh Phumg ThUy vUgk
' T H i C H U N G X A H Q I C U A S I N H V I E N N O l T R U TRU-OTNG D A I H Q C S t f P H A M T H A N H P H O H O C H I M I N H
PHAN MINH PHl/aNG THUY", Kl6u TH| THANH TRA"
, , , T O M T A T
Bai Viet di cgp kit qua khao sat thvrc u-gng iMch ting xa hdi (TiXXH) cua 126 sinh vien (SV) not mi Truang Bgi hoc Suphgm Thanh phd Hd CM Minh (DHSP TPHCM) tren ba 'f:nhgn thuc. thai dd va hanh vt Kit qud nghien dm cho thdy da sd SV ndi Ini Trt^gBHSPTPHCMTU^dmircthdp. Bencgnhdd. baiviitca^dxud,md,sd^al phap giup SV ndi tri TUXH tdt han.
n khoa: thieh tag xa hpi, sinh viin npi tni, ki tuc x i ABSTRACT
Social adaptation of boarders in Ho Chi Minh City University of Education The am of this arlicle introduces Ihe findings ofa suuty on 126 boarders in HCMC Unrversuy af Education about their social adaptation based an three parts- awareness attitude and behaviours. The findings shav, that boarders in HCMC University af Educauan have low level of social adaptatlan. Besides, this article also makes some suggestions to help them lo have belter social adaptation.
Keywords: social adaptation, boaidere, doimitoiy.
1. DSt van Ah • . '
TK -. - ^^.. cua cupc song v i cfi su trutog thinh v l nml ngu "thich tag" dupc bit nhin cich. [I] [2]
ngufin tCr Jhujt ngO 'Hhich nghi", n i u nhu Dfii voi SV npi tni, vile thieh tag thieh nghi chu ylu dupc dtog trong voi mfii h u t o g sfing la mflt ttong nhtog smh hpe, dung chung eho mpi sinh vit tiii y l u ciu b t o flult TU5CH ciia SV nfii t r i
^ c h ung dupc dtog d l nfli len sv thay dupc hiiu la su biin dfli tam li mpt'cich dfi. cuacon ngufii sao cho phu hpp voi Ueh cue, chii dflng ciia SV hi|n dang sinh dieu kipn mm cua mfli ttutog va ho^it sflng trong cac khu npi tti ciia ttutog, d i dpng Tmng tan li hpc, thich tag dupc hfia nhap voi mfli tnrtog nfli trt, i S i m c h ^ ' d ^ . d'' ^ " ""^1 ' ' ' • ' * ' ' T - ^ ^V " « ' « " « 'hung ctog nhu SV chu dpng de dap mig ylu cau v i diiu npi ttii Trutog DHSP TPHCM hipn nay k ^ mm cua ho,t dpng, mfii ttutog nhu tiil nio? Cac ylu tfi n i o cfl t S i n ^ nhim d,t dupc mpc « c h da de r a Thich h u t o g din su TUXH ciia SV n«i ttiir tt6 to lon doi vfi, con nguoi, giup con nghien c t o .
ngufli dip tog dupc nhtog ylu cau mfli
- ^ • / ^ ° n ' ^ ^ ^ ' * " " ^ " ' = " ' ^™"' l^='"miuytm^mB,.com ms, Tnrtog Oai hpc Su pham TPHCM
TAP CHi KHOA HOC DHSP TPHCM S6 8(86) ndm 2016
2. Muc dich nghien cihi - t h l thih:
nghien cihi
2.1. Muc dich nghiin cuu
Nghien ciiu nay dugc thuc hidn nham khao sat thuc trang TLTXH ciia SV ndi tni Trudng DHSP TPHCM.
Z2. The thAc nghien cuu 2.2.1. Mdu nghien ciru
Mau nghien ciiu gdm 126 SV ndi tni dugc chon ngiu nhidn t?i Ki tiic xa Trudng DHSP TPHCM nam hgc 2014 - 2015.
2.2.2. Phuang phdp nghien cuu Phu-ong phap nghien cuu li IuSn:
Tham khao va phan tich cac tai lieu, cac cdng trinh nghidn ciiu cd Hdn quan d l xay dung ca sd Ii luan cho d l tai.
- Phu-ffng phap nghidn curu thurc tiSn:
Phuong phap dilu tra bang bang cau hdi la phuong phdp chinh. Dua trdn CO sd Ii luan, ^ kidn cua cac chuydn gia, cac tai lieu tham khao co lien quan, chiing tdi xdy dimg bang hdi dl tim hilu TlXXH cua SV ngi tni Trudng DHSP
TPHCM va cac y l u to anh hudng. Bang hdi gdm 71 cau dugc bidn so^n nham khao sat thuc trang TU*XH cua SV n^i tni dira tren su biln ddi d ba m^t bieu hien chinh la nhan thiic (15 cau), thai dO (20 cau) va hanh vi (36 cSu) t£ii thdi diem khao sat so vdi thang dau tien sdng d khu ndi tni; trdn ca sd dd, chiing tdi dua ra mgt sd kiln nghj nham giiip nSng cao TU*XH cua SV ngi tni Trudng DHSP TPHCM. Ngoai ra, chiing tdi cdn sii dyng cac phuang phap thdng kd toan hgc de xu II so lieu.
3. K i t qua nghidn cdn T U X H cua SV npi trii T r u d n g DHSP T P H C M 3,1. Biiu hiin TlfXH cda SV ngi trii trin ba mgt nh^n thuc, ihdi dd va hdnh vi
3.1.1. Mat nhgn thuc (xem Bdng 1) Bilu hien thich iing tren m§t nhan thiic dugc danh gia dua trdn su biln dli nh|in thiic ciia SV ndi tni v l cac vln de cd lidn quan ddn quyln Igi va nghTa vu cua ban thdn d khu ngi tni.
Bdng 1. Bieu hien Tl/XH cua SV npi tru tren mat nhdn thirc Str biln doi nhgn thuc (a')
a < 0 a = 0 0 < a < 8.2 8,2 < a < 15,4 15,4 < a < 22,6 22,6 < a < 29,8 29,8 < a
t9i khu
Xep loai Cfi khuynh h u t o g biln dfii tieu cue Khfing CO su bien dfli
Ritfliap Tiiap Trung bmh K h i Cao
T i n s 0,79 4,76 28,57 46,03 13,49
nsi tti°' " " " " J ^ ' " * " " '^' * ^ ' ' " ° " ' ^^ ^ " ^ '""^ '"^"' "''''"^^^^'MiirdaJ tien slug
TAP CHi KHOA HOC DHSP TPHCM Phan Minh Phmmg Thuy va tgk
Bang I Cho thiy c6 119 SV (chilm 94,44%), cfl biiu hiln T U X H ttin m|t nh}n flifc sau mflt Uiod gian sflng t£ii khu npi ttii, cu till: da sfl SV npi hii (46,03%) cfi su biln dfii nhin thto fl ratic"thdp";
36 SV npi ttii (28,57%) biln dfii nhaii tiito 4 mto "rdt thdp" (chilm 28,57%);
17 SV npi ttu (13,49%) cfl su biln dfli nhin thto fl mto "trung binh"; mto dp khi va cao chi chilm mpt ti II nhfi (3,97% a mto khi vi 2,38% o mto cao).
Kit qui niy cho phep nhin dinh rang sau mpt thoi gian sfing tai khu npi tiii, da sfl SV da cfi bilu hien TLTXH 6 mat nhan thto. Tuy nhiin, su thich tog nay da phin chi dtog lai o mto thip.
3.1.2. Mgt thdi do (xem Bdng 2) Bilu hiln thich tog ttin mat fliii dp dupc danh gii dua ttin su biln dfli fliii dp bao gfim fliii dp tt'ch cue va thai dfi hai Iflng cua SV npi ttni.
BingZ Biiuhien Tl/XH cua SV not trii tren mg, thdi dd
khunJ^T^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^*^*^^^^^
Bing 2 cho ttiiy 104 SV cfi bilu hien TLTXH ttin mit fliai dO sau m0t ttioi gim sfing t?i khu npi ttu (chilm 82,54%).
Phan Ito SV n|i ttii (26,98%) cfi su biln dfii tiiii dp fl mto ttung bmh. Ti 1| SV cfi sjr bien doi ttiii dp fl mto tiiip vi rit fliip lin lupt li 19,84% vi 17,46%. 19 sV (15,08%) CO su biln dfli fliii dfi fi mto khi vi chi CO 4 SV (3,17%) biin dfii fliii dp o mto cao. Nhu vjy, tiiai dp ciia phin Ito SV da cfl nhtog chuyin biln tich cue
hon dfli voi nhtog khia canh khic nhau ttT)ng khu npi ttii sau mpt tiioi gian sinh sfing. Su biln dfii nay cho fliiy cac SV niy di din quen vi chip nhan duoc nhtog khic bilt, nhtog net mfli ciia moi Irutag npi ttii so vfii mfii ttirtag sfing ttiroc day.
3.1.3. Mgt hanh vi (xem Bang 3) Bieu hiln fliich tog tt^n m^ hanh VI dupc dinh gii dua ttin su biln dfii hinh vi cua SV nfli ttii.
TAP CHl KHOA HQC DHSP TPHCM So 8(86) nim 2016
3. Biiu hien TUXH cua SVndt tru h-en mat hanh vi S y Men doi hanh vi (cr)
31,2 < c < 54,4 54,4 < c < 77,6 77,6 < c < 100,8 100,8 < c < 124
xlng
Xep loji Ritfliip Thap Trung binh
K h i
126
T i l | % 38,10 38,89 3,97 0,79 100 '"c = T6ng diem hanh vi tai thai diem khao sat trii t6ng diem hanh vi ti khu npi tni.
diu tien song tfii
^k thirc su hoa nliip vflri mfii trutog nfli tni, SV khong nhtog phai bien dfii nhin thto va thai dp ma can cfi su bien dfli c i v i m§t lianh vi. K i t qua fl Bang 3 cho fliiy tit ca 126 SV (100%) diu cfl bilu h i | n TUXH tren mit.hanh vi sau mpt thai gian sfing tai khu nfli tni.
Nhin chung, phin I t o SV npi tni cfi su biln dfii hinh vi o m t o thip (38,1%) va tiling binh (38,89%). 18,25% SV cfl su biln dfii hinh vi a m t o r i t thip. Ti 1| SV npi tni cfi su bien doi hinh vi fl m t o k h i
v i cao chilm ti 11 nhfi, lin lupt l i 3,97%
v i 0,79%.
Hanh vi duac xem la tilu chi khach quan d l danh gia su TlfXH cua SV npi tni n l n khi bilu hiln v l m^t hanh vi co su biin dfli tich cue, phii hpp cho phep khing dinh qua trinh TU*XH d i diin ra a SV nfii ttll T r u t o g DHSP TPHCM.
3.1.4. Tucmg quan giira ba mgi nhgn thirc. thai do, hanh vi trong TUXH ciia SV ndi tni Tnrcmg DHSP TPHCM (xem Bdng 4)
Bang 4. Mdi lien he he giira ba mgt biiu hien Tl/XH ciia SVndi trU Cac m^t tinrag quan
Nhan thto Thai dp Hanh vi
Nh^n thuc 1 0,334* • 0,274*»
Thii d$
0,334**
i 0,494**
Hanh vi 0,274"
0,494**
1
•* Co y nghia vflri a = 0,01
Bang 4 cho fliiy he sfl tiiong quan g i t o ba m i t tir 0,2 d i n 0,5, dfl d i u Ii ttiong quan thuan o m t o trung binh v i thip.
Nhu vay, c i ba m i t nhjn flito, tiiii d0 v i hanh vi TUXH ciia SV nOi till Truimg DHSP TPHCM d i u cfl ttrong quan fliu|ln vfli nhau. Trong dfi, m t o dO tirang quan giOa mjt tiiai dp v i hanh vi la cao nhit (0,494) v i thip nhit l i tiiong quan g i t o mit nMn flito y i hanh vi (0,274). Nhin chung, d l TUXH t i t voi moi tiiitog npi tiTi, SV cin c6 su bien dfii toan diln trln c i ba mit nhan thto, thii dp v i hinh vi.
TAP CHl KHOA HOC BHSP TPHCM
Phan Minh Phitaag Thuy va Igk3.Z Tl/XH cua SVn^i Iru Trudng BHSP TPHCM (xem Bdng 5) Bangs. Micdg Tl/XH cia SV noi tri B i l m n r X H (TT)
8 < x < 43,2 43,2 < x < 78,4 78,4 < x < 113,6 113,6 < x < l 48,8 148,8 < x < 184
Xep loai Ritfliip
Thip Trung binh
K h i Cao T i n g
Tan so 21 46 56 2 1 126
T i l e % 16,67 36,51 44,44 1,59 0,79 100 diem khao sat so voi thing dau tien sing toi khu n6i tri. i cua SV nli trii tai thai
Bang 5 cho fliiy m t o dp TUXH c t o SV npi ttii khong dflng diu, cy till: phin I t o SV (44,44%) TUXH fl m t o ttung binh; 46 SV (36,51%) TUXH 6 m t o fliip; 21 SV (16,67%) TUXH 6 m t o rit fliip; chi cfl 2 SV (1,59%) TUXH dat m t o kha v i chi co I SV (0,79%) cfl dupc sv TUXH o m t o cao.
Nhu vjy, cfl till ttiiy ring, d l hfla nhjp nhim tin tai v i phit ttiln titing mfii
tnrtog npi tiii, SV cin cfi su biln dfii tam li p h i hpp. Tuy nhiin, phin Ito SV npi ttii chi cfi su T U X H fl m t o dp ttung binh vi rfl rang vile biln dfii toin diln ca vl nhjn ttito, tiiii dp, hinh vi khfing h i don giin dfli voi SV, nhit Ii khi co so vjt chit ciia cic khu npi tnj chua thuc su ti|n nghi va mfli tnitog x i hpi tai khu npi ttti tiii rit phto tjp. Bilu dfi phin bfi diim so TUXH sau diy lim rfi flilm cho kit luin ttin.
Biiu S. Phan bS aim s6 TUXH trin loan ntSu
TAP CHi KHOA HQC DHSP TPHCM Sd 8(86) ndm 2016
Bidu dd cho thAy diem trung binh TUXH cua SV ndi tni Trudng DHSP TPHCM la 72,595 thudc mvic"thdp" va khoang dilm tir 62 - 100 (thudc miic thap - trung binh) vgt Ien cao hem han, didu nay cd nghia la mfic do TUXH ciia da sd SV ngi tni Trudng DHSP TPHCM chi dat miic "trung bmh" va nghieng vd phia dudi trung binh la chii ydu. Nhu vay, SV budc d^u cd su bidn ddi tam li de dap ling nhung ydu cau moi ciia mdi trudng ndi tni, tuy nhidn su bidn ddi tam li nay cdn tuong ddi thap. Kit qua nay cho thdy can cd s\r hd trg tu nhidu phia de giiip nang cao su T U X H ciia SV ngi tni.
4. Ket luSn vk kien nghi 4.1. Kit lugn
TUXH cua da sd SV ndi trii Trudng DHSP TPHCM d miic "thap" (dilm trung binh la 72,595). Nhu vay, SV budc diu cd s^r bien ddi tam H de dap iing nhiing ydu cau mdi ciia mdi trudng ngi tni, tuy nhien sir bien doi tam Ii nay cdn tuong ddi thSp.
CuthI:
Mat nhan thiic: 94,44% SV cd hilu bidt rd r^ng hon vd quyln Igi va nghTa vu Clia minh trong khu ngi tni.
M|it thai do: 82,54% SV cd thai dd tich cue va hai long hon ddi vdi nhung van de trong sinh hoat, hgc tap, giao tilp - ling xu trong cac mdi quan hd d khu ndi tni.
MJit hanh vi: Tit ca SV ndi tni ddu cd su thay ddi hanh vi cho phii hgp hem vdi chu^n muc chung cua tap thd thdng qua qua trinh ren luyen, hgc hdi...
Tuy nhien, sir TUXH bilu hi?n tren ca ba m^t nhan thiic, thai dg va hjknh vi
cua da so SV ndi tni Trudng DHSP TPHCM chi d miic thdp va trung binh.
Cd sg tuemg quan giQa ba mat nhgn thiic, thai dp va hanh vi trong T U X H ciia SV ngi tni Trudng DHSP TPHCM, trong do tuong quan giira thai do va hanh vi la rd ret nhat (0,494).
4.2. Kien nghj Boi vdi nhd truang:
Bdn canh bang ngi quy ro rang, phii hgp vdi quy dinh ciia Bg Giao due va Dao tao, Trudng ndn cd them bang thdng bao vd quyen Igi ciia SV ndi tni.
Chii trgng dau tu co sd vdt chat tifn nghi nham nang cao chSt lugng sdng cho SV ngi tru.
Boi vai cdn bg qudn li khu noi tru:
Tidp thu va giai quyet nhiing nguyan vgng chinh dang cua SV npi tni dudi hinh thiic Iinh hogt nhu: giao luu true tilp; sir dung hpp thu gdp -y...
Thudng xuydn giam sat, nhSc nhd vide thgc hien ngi quy cua SV d khu noi tni v^ xii Ii nghidm ddi vdi cac trudng hgp vi phgm, ddng thdi td chiic thi dua, khen thudng cho cac ca nhan, tgp thl t^
khu npi tni.
Phan cdng can bg true va kidm scat vide ra vao khu ndi tni mdt each chgt chd.
Boi VOT cdc td chuc dodn thi trong khu ngi tru:
T6 chirc cac hogt d0ng tgp thl da dgng, phong phu dap iing nhu chi vui choi, giai tri I^nh mgnh ciia SV npi tni, ddng thdi myen truyln, giao due, hudng dSn SV npi tni bao dam an ninh, tr^t tu va phong chdng cac t? nan xa h0i.
T^P CHl KHOA HOC DHSP TPHCM Phan Minh Phuang Thiiy vi tgk
Moi cac chuyen gia giao due nhtog kl ning cin tiiiit v i cfl ich cho su TUXH cua SV npi tiu.
Ddi vai Id hf quan trong khu ngi tru:
Nghiim tiic thuc hien npi quy khu npi ttii, lim tim guong cho cac SV nfli tiii kliic.
Chia se kinh nghiem sflng, giup do nhtog SV npi tni moi.
Thutog xuyen ttieo doi v i phan anh trung ttiuc nhtog diln biln ttBng khu vuc dupc phan cfing quan li din can bp quin li cap cao hon hoac Ianh dao Ban quan li khu npi tni.
Khfing bao che nhtog hanh vi sai p h ^ cua SV npi tni hojc ciy quyln to hiip nhtog SV khic.
Bdi vai SV nQi trii:
Chu dpng t t o hieu ro rang v i nhtog chuin muc, quy dinh chung, gflm:
quyen Ipi, nghia vu va nhtog dilu khfing duac tiiuc hien nfii chung tai khu nfli mi v i n h t o g quy djnh rilng ciia nhom SV 6 ctog phong.
Dilu chinh nhu ciu ciia ban than cho phu hpp vfli khi nang dip tog ciia mfli ttutog npi ttii, tiic la tao su hii hfla giua doi hfli ca nliin va fliuc t i cupc sflng tai khu npi tni.
Hinh Uianh nhtog thoi quen mfli phil hop vod mfli ttirtog npi ti^i thfing qua su tu ren luyen v i hpc hfli kinh nghiim sfing tir nhtog SV khic.
Tham gia nhtog khfla hpc bfli dutog kl nang nhu: quto li cim xto, quin li flioi gian, lam vile nhfim, giii quyit vin dl, giao tiip...
Ohi chi: S6 lilu sir dung Irang bai bao duac nil ra li, dl lai " Thich ing xa hdi cua sinh vien noi n-uThanh pho Hd Chi Minh".
TAI L l f u THAM KHAO Vu Dung (2008), Tu diin Tdm li hoc. Nxb Tu diln Bach khoa.
M ^ ^ - T i ? " ' ^ ' ' ""'"* '^^'^ '"''• ^"" ^"'^ ' ' * ° ' " ^ " *P'>^" "'^ i "ui<: lu hien nay Nxb Tu dien Bach khoa.
Ph?m Minh H?c (1999), Hdnh vl vd hoat ddng. Nxb Giao due Pham Minh Hac (2002), Tuyin tdp Tam lihoc, Nxb Giio due
^rt^^-:^'"^ "^ ^ " " ' • ^ * ' ™- • ^ " ^'•'- Ns^y^'" Th' " y « i Thy (2012), M o (rm* Torn ;, Ape rfdi cirtm^, Nxb Dai hoc Su pham TPHCM
IT^ ™ ™ ' ' ° " ' ' °"° '"''"" '•"'" " *• ' "«"*• ""™« ""*"''• N-" B^ hpc
^' S i l ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ n r ™ ™ ' ' ? ' . " ' " • ^ " - " * " « "^^ "^^ "^^ " ^ > Nguyin Vinh
