Tap chi Khoa hoc va Cong nghe biin TS (2008). S6 2. Tr 76 - 84
THANH PHAN LOAI HAI SAN DOC HAI CO THE GAY CHET NGLJCfl 6' VUNG BIEN NAM TRUNG BO (VIET NAM)
NGUYfiN HtfU PHIJNG, TRAN THI HONG HOA, TRAN THI LE VAN DAO TAN H 5 , P H A M THI DI/, CAO VAN NGUYEN
Tom tdt: Nghien cicu duge thuc hien tic thdng 6 nam 2003 de'n thdng 10 nam 2004 d vung hien ven bd Nam Trung ho (tic Dd Ndng de'n Vung Tdu), cd tdt cd 39 loai hdi sdn doc hai cd the gdy chet ngudi. Chung thu(}c 3 nganh: Dc'mg vdt thdn mem cd 3 loai: ldp chdn dau cd (Cephalophodu) co Hodi (Hapalochaena lunulata Q. & C, IH32), ldp chdn bung (Gastropoda) cd hai loai deu Id dc cdi: Cfc cCn dia Ty (Ccmus geogi-aphus L, 1758) vd dc cCn hoa ludi (Conns textile L.,I758) , Ngdnh chdn dot (Arthropoda) cd 4 loai, ldp giap .xuc (Crustacea) cd 3 loai cua (Zosimus aeneus L., 1958); (Alergustis floridus L., 1758);
(Platypodia granulo.w Ruppell, 1830), ldp dudi kiem (Meroslomatu) cd I loai so (Curcinoscorpius rotiindicauda Latreille, 1826) vd ngdnh dc'mg vdt cd xico'ng song cd 32 loai, 23 k)di ihimc ldp cd xuong: melt loai cd hSng chain bgc (Lutjanus bohar Forskal, 1775); mcjt loai cd hdng vdn may (Yongeichthys ne bulosus Forskal, 1775), 21 loai cd ndc chii yeu thiwc hg Tetraodontidae vd bd sal cd 9 loai deu thugc phdn hg run hien Hydrophinae.
LMODAU
Bie'n ca ddi vdi con ngUdi vdn cd sij" gan bd khang khit, bien cung cap cho con ngQdi mot iQdng ldn protid trong btta an hang ngay, difdc lieu, nguyen heu cho cdng nghiep, do chdi my nghe va cdn la ndi du lich nghi mat day hap din.
Tren The gidi hien nay cd hang tram trieu ngUdi dang sinh sdng bang nghe bien, Cd nhieu huyen thoai ve bien, da tQng ca ngdi ve dep tuyet vdi cua bien, nhQng trong ve dep cua The' gidi sau kin do cdn cbQa dQng bie't bao dieu bi an va nguy hiem, da tQng gay nhieu tai hoa cho con ngQdi, mdt phan cua nhffng tai hga dd la cac sinh vat mang doc td.
Chi tinh tQ nam 1999 den thang 4 nam 2003 d Viet Nam da cd 552 ngudi ngg doc do an phai ca ndc, lam che't 104 ngQdi (Bao cao cua Bg Y te' ngay 29/ 4/ 2003) pham vi
ngg ddc khdng chi ban che d cac vQng ven bien la ndi khai thac ca ndc ma cdn lan ra ca 35/64 tinh thanh trong ca nQdc. Trong dd cd ca nan nhan d nhQng mien nui xa xdi each bien hang tram km.
d vQng bien Viet Nam cd khoang 250 loai sinh vat cd mang doc td, nhQng nguy hiem va cd the gay che't ngQdi chi khoang 40 - 50 loai. Phan ldn thQdng gap chQng 6 vung ven bd, cac vung vinh dam pha, hai dao, ran san hd va cac cQa sdng.
Trong bai bao nay, ehung tdi tap trung nghien cQu nhffng loai mang ddc td' cd the gay che't ngQdi da xuat hien d ven bien Nam Trung bg nham cung cap tai hep tham khao cho nhffng can bg nghien cQu va quan ly, cho ngff dan va nhffng ngQdi lam nghe bien, cho cac cbie'n sT hai quan, nhffng khach du lich, ngQdi ndi trd, dau bep che bien thffc an...bie't rd de de phdng, canh giac, than trgng.
Chat doc cua cac sinh vat bien la cd hai, nhQng cung da cd mot so' cdng trinh nghien cQu d trong va ngoai nQdc chffng minh chat ddc Tetrodotoxin cua ca ndc dQdc sQ dung de dieu che thudc gay te va thudc kich thich boat dgng cua he tuan hoan, dieu tri mdt so'benh hiem ngheo nhff cac benh ve tim mach, ung thQ, phong huL..hoac sff dung chQng trong khoa bgc de nghien cQu sQ van chuyen cac ion Na"^ qua mang te' bao (Le Xuan Tu, Vu Van Hanh, 2003)*^'. De'n mdt IQc nao dd, ehung ta can phai khai thac ddc to tQ cac sinh vat gay che't ngQdi nay, bie'n cac ddc hai thanh san pham quy gia ma thien nhien ban tang. Gia tri dinh dffdng cua phan cd thit ca ndc lai rat cao, cd kha nang xuat khau di cac nQdc Nhat Ban, My, Han Qudc, Dai Loan va Trung Qudc. Mat bang nay rat dQdc ffa chuong.
Dd la nhffng thdng tin ma ehung ta can biet va phd bie'n cho mgi ngffdi deu biet de de phdng, de khdng phai che't oan udng, biet each khai thac va su" dung chQng mot each bdp li, khoa hgc, phuc vu cho ddi sdng con ngQdi.
II. TAI LIEU VA PHlJCfNG PHAP
1. Nguon trf lieu va thong tin
De cd dQdc nhffng thdng tin phuc vu cho viec tdng quan, phan ticb, nhffng tai heu lien quan da dQdc thu nhap tQ cac thff vien trong nQdc nhQ: Vien Hai dffdng hgc, Trffdng DH Nha Trang, Vien Nghien cffu Thuy san III va thdng qua trao ddi tai lieu vdi cac
chuyen gia nQdc ngoai (chu yen la Nhat Ban). Ngoai ra ehung tdi cdn tim hieu nhieu thdng tin tff cac trung tam Y te' Dff phdng, nhffng ngffdi ngff dan chuyen khai thac ve ca
ndc va ca canh. . ,.:.:;':
2. Dia diem va thdi gian thu mau "
ChQng tdi tap trung thu mau vao ta't ca thdi diem trong nam, chu ye'u tQ thang 6 nam 2003 de'n thang 10 nam 2004, cd tham khao cac miu dQdc thu tQ nhieu nam trffdc day dffdc iQu giff d Bao tang Hai dffdng bgc va phdng thi nghiem Dgng vat cd xffdng sdng (Vien Hai dffdng hgc).
Cac mau thu chu ye'u d Khanh Hoa, Binh Thuan, Binh Dinh, Phu Yen tff cac chuyen di bien cung vdi ghe danh bat hai san cua ngff dan hoac thue cac ngff dan lan va danh bat. Mau cdn tffdi va biet rd vung danh bat. Bg mau dffdc bao quan theo phQdng phap phu bdp vdi miic tieu nghien cffu. Cac mau iQu trff cho bg mau sinh vat nguy hiem dudc ngam trong dung dich formol 10% va Iffu trff tai Bao tang Hai dffdng hgc sau khi dinh loai. Mau vat cua mot so loai dffdc lifa chgn de phan tich ddc to. Viec phan tich ddc to do phdng Hda sinh (Vien Hai dffdng hgc) dam nhiem va chi tien hanh vdi nhffng loai chQa cd day dii thdng tin tff cac tai heu tham khao hoac cdn nhffng dieu nghi van.
Ngoai ra, mot so dd'i tffdng mdi dffdc ghi nhan la gay che't ngffdi 6 Viet Nam do cac phffdng tien thdng tin dai ehung dffa tin cung dffdc phan tich de kiem chffng.
Miu dung de phan loai gdm co :
- Mau Tudc ddm xanh: 13 mau thu d eang ca CQa Be (Nha Trang). Phan tich theo Norman (1998)"-^'va Nguyin Hffu Phung (2003)''^'.
- So: 4 mau thu d Vung Tau
- Cua Mat Qui:4 miu thu d Lffdng Sdn (Nha Trang). Phan tich theo Hashimoto (1979)'^'''.
- Ca Bong Van May: 65 miu thu d Pha Tam Giang (Hue'), Dai Lanh, Van Gia, Ninh Hda, Nha Trang, Cam Ranh va Binh Thuan (mdi ndi 12-14 mau). Phan loai theo Nguyin Nhat Thi (2000)" ".
- Ca Ndc: 600 miu thu d Dai Lanh, Nha Trang, Cam Ranh, Phan Thie't, Mui Ne, Binh Dinh, Tuy Hda. Phan loai theo Chu Nguyen Dinh (1962, 1963)'^-^', Tham The Kiet (1993)"^'va Nguyin Khac Hudng (1992)""'.
- Ran bien: 40 miu thu dffdc d Vung Tau va Binh Thuan. Phan loai theo Bui Van Dffdng (1978)"', Rasmussen (2001)"'".
Rieng d'c cd'i, chQng tdi khdng thu dQdc miu mdi ma chi dffa vao miu cua Bao tang Hai dffdng bgc. Phan tich theo D. Rockel, W. Korn & A.J. Korn (1995)"^', cac tai lieu cua I. Flashimoto (1979)'^'^' va A. Tu (1998)'"^'
HI. KET QUA NGHIEN CLfU
Qua phan tich cac mau thu nhap dffdc va cac mau htu trff d Vien Hai dffdng hgc cd tff trffdc day, ehung tdi xae dinh d vung ven bien Nam Trungbg cd 39 loai hai san mang ddc to cd the gay che't ngQdi. Trong dd, nhdm dgng vat khdng xffdng sd'ng cd 7 loai (nganh than mem: 3 loai, nganh chan khdp: 4 loai), nhdm dgng vat cd xQdng sdng cd 32 loai (ca bien: 23 loai, ran bien:9 loai) (bang 1).
Bang 1
DANH SACH CAC LOAI HAI SAN MANG DOC TO CO THE GAY CHET NGl/Ofi d VEN BIEN NAM TRUNG BO (VIET NAM)
Dgng vat khong xtfo'ng song (Invertebrata) Nganh Than mem (Mollusca)
Ld^p Chan dau (Cephalopoda) Bg Mi/c tugc (Octopoda) Hg MQc tugc (Octopodidae)
1. MQC tugc ddm xanh Hapalochlaena lunulata (Quoy & Gaimard, 1832) Ldp chan bung (Gastropoda)
Bg tan phiic tiic (Caenogastropoda) Hg oc coi (Conidae)
2. 6 c cd'i dia ly Conus geograpphus Linnaeus, 1758 3. 6 c cd'i hoa Iffdi Conus textile Linnaeus, 1758
Nganh chan khd'p (Arthropoda) Ldp giap xae (Crustacea) Bg mffo'i chan (Decapoda) Hg cua quat (Xanthidae)
4. Cua mat quy Zosymus aeneus (Linneaus, 1758) 5. Cua bat Platypodia granulosa (Ruppell, 1830)
6. Cua Pbd-lo-ri-daA?e/-gc[5rJ5/?on(iM5 (Linneaus, 1767) Ldp giap co (Merostomata)
Bg mdng ngufa (Xiphosurida) Hg sam (Xiphosuridae)
7. So Carcinoscorpius rotundicauda (LiiireWle, \%26) Dgng vat cd xffo'ng so'ng (Vertebrata)
Ldp ca xiftfng (Osteichthyes) Bg ca vrfdc (Peciformes) Phan bg ca vifg'c (Percoidei) Hg ca hdng (Lutjanidae)
8. Ca hdng cham bac Lutjanus bohar (Forskal, 1775) Phan bg ca bong (Gobioidei)
Hg ca bong trang (Gobiidae)
9. Ca Bd'ng van may Yongeichthys nebulosus (forskal, 1775) Bg ca ndc (Tetraodontiformes)
Hg ca ndc Tetraodontidae
10. Ca Ndc det Valang Canthigaster valentini (Bleeker, 1853).
11. Ca Ndc ba van Canthigaster coronata (Vaillant & Sauvage, 1875)
12. Ca Ndc det van dudi Canthigaster rivulata (Temminck & Sehlegel, 1857) 13. Ca Ndc cham cam Torquigener pallimaculatus Hardy, 1983
14. Ca Ndc van mat Torquigener brevipinnis (Regan, 1903) 15. Ca Ndc gai mem Amblyhynchotes honckenii (Bloch, 1785) 16. Ca Ndc van Takifugu oblongus (Bloch, 1786)
17. Ca Ndc sao Takifugu niphobles (Jordan & Snyder, 1901)
18. Ca Ndc hoa trang Takifugu poecilonotus (Temminck & Sehlegel, 1850) 19. Ca Ndc vay vang Takifugu xanthopterus (Temminck & Sehlegel, 1847) 20. Ca Ndc rang md chim Lagocephalus inermis (Temminck & Sehlegel, 1847) 21. Ca Ndc dau thd cham trdn Lagocephalus sceleratus (Gmehn, 1789)
22. CaNoctvo Lagocephalus lunaris (Bloch & Schneider, ISOl) 23. Ca'Noc vang Lagocephalus spacliceus (Richardson, 1845) 24. Ca'Noc van ven Lagocephalus suezensis (Clark &Gohar, \953) 25. Ca Ndc rang rua Chelonodon patoca (Hamilton, 1822)
26. Ca Ndc chudt van mang Arothron immaculatus (Bloch & Schneider, 1801) 27. Ca Ndc chudt cham son Arothron nigropunctatus (Bloch & Schneider, 1801) 28. Ca Ndc chudt cham sao Arothron stellatus (Bloch & Schneider, 1801) 29. Ca Ndc chudt van bung Arothron hispidus (Linnaeus, 1758)
30. Ca Ndc chudt Map-pa Aro^/zron mappa (Lesson, 1826) Ldp bo sat (Reptilia)
Bg cd vay (Squamata) Phan bg ran (Serpentes) Hg r i n ho (Elapidae)
Phan hg ran bien (Hydrophiinae)
31. Y)enl^amher\\ Hydrophis lamberti Smilh, 1911 32. Den dudi soc Hydrophis ornatus (Gray, 1842)
33. Den Melanocephalus Hydrophis melanocephalus (Gray, IS49) 34. Den khoang dau vang Hydrophis cyanocinctus Daudin, 1803 35. Den cap nong Hydrophis fasciatus (Schneider, 1799)
36. Den khoang dudi den//yc?7'c>p/2/5 ?orq'MafM5 Gunther, 1864 ' 37. Den luc Praescutata viperina (Schmidt, 1852) ' •
38. Den gai L(3;;>6?m/5 cwrZ-M5 (Shaw, 1802) " . ' . '' 39. Den Acalyptophis Aca/y/jfop/jji'pez-onn'(Dumeril, 1853)
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO
1. Bui Van Dffo'ng, 1978. Mdt sdloai ran bien Viet Nam. Tuyen tap Bien, 1(1), trang 289-300
2. Chu, Y.T. et al, 1962. Fishes of The South Chine sea. Scientific Press, p. 1054-1107.
3. Chu, Y.T. et al, 1963. Fishes of The East Chine sea. Scientific Press, p.552-579.
4. Hashimoto, Y., 1979. Marine toxins and other bioactive marine metabolites.
Japan Scientific Societies Press, Tokyo, p.369.
5. Hashimoto, Y.,S. Konosu, T.Yasumoto, A.Inoue and T. Noguchi, 1979. Toxicon 5, 85/1967. In: Marine toxins and other bioactive marine Metabohtes.(ed.)Y.Hashimoto. Japan Scientific Societies press, Tokyo.
6. Hylleberg, J. and R.N. Kilburn, 2003. Marien molluscs of Vietnam.Tropical marien Molluscs Programe (TMMP). Phukt Mar. Biol. Center Special Publ. 28, 300 pp.
7. Le Xuan Tii, Vii Van Hanh, 2003. Nghien cffu tac dung boat huye^t va cai thien tuan hoan cd tim 6 Ddng vat cua Tetrodotoxin. Tap chi Sinh hgc, tap 25, sd 3, trang 53 - 58.
8. Nguyin Hi?u Phung, 1999. Danh muc ca bien Viet Nam. Tap V. NXB Ndng nghiep 1999, p. 203-230.
9. Nguyen Hffu Phung, Dao Tan Hd & D§ Tuyet Nga, 2003. Ve mot loai mffc mdi bd sung cho khu he dgng vat bien Viet Nam. Hdi thao dgng vat Than mem toan qudc lan thff III. DANIDA, Bd Thuy San - Trung tam Nghien cffu Thuy San III, Nha Trang, 11-12/9/2003.
10. Nguyen Khac Hrfdng, 1992. Ca va sinh vat ddc hai d bien. NXB Khoa hgc va Ki thuat, 179 trang.
11. Nguyin Nhat Thi, 2000. Ddng Vat Chi Viet Nam. Ca Bien. Phan Bd Ca Bd'ng Gobioidei. NXB Khoa hgc va KT thuat, 184 trang.
12. Nguydn Van Sang, Ho Thu Ciic, 1996. Danh muc bd sat va e'ch nhai Viet Nam.
NXB Khoa bgc va KT thuat, trang 136 - 146.
13. Norman, M. D., 1998. Octopodidae Benthic octopuses, pp. 800 - 826. In Carpenter, K.E. and V.H. Niem (eds). Fao species identification guide for fishery purposes. The hving marine resources of the Western Central Pacific. Rome, Fao, Vol. II.
14. Rasmussen, A.R., 2001. Sea Snake, p. 3988 -4008. Key to the sea nakes occurring in the sea.
15. Rockel, D.; W. Korn & A. J. Korn, 1995. Manual of the hving Conidae. Vol. 1.
Indo-Pacific Region. Verlag Chtista Hemmen. p. 306 - 3 1 1 .
16. Sekiguchi, K. and K.Nakamura, 1980. Sympatric distribution pattern of three species of Asian of horseshoe crabs. Proc.Jap. Soc. Syst. ZooF, 18, p. 1-4.
17. Shen, S.C., 1993. Fishes of Taiwan. Taiwan University Press, p. 598-609.
18. Tu, A.T., 1988. Handbook of Natural Toxins. Vol. 3. Marine toxins and venoms.
Marcel Dekker, Inc. Printed in the United States of American, p. 587.
THE SPECIES COMPOSITION OF POISONOUS MARINE PRODUCTS THAT CAN CAUSE A NUMBER HUMAN DEATHS IN THE COASTAL WATERS OF
SOUTHERN CENTRAL VIETNAM
NGUYEN HUU PHUNG, TRAN THI HONG HOA, TRAN THI LE VAN, DAO TAN HO, PHAM THI DU, CAO VAN NGUYEN
Summary: The study was carried out during the period from June, 2003 to October, 2004 in the coastal waters of southern central Vietnam (from Danang city to Vungtau city).
There were 39 species of poisonous marine products that can causes a number human deaths. They belonging to three Phyla: Mollusca: 3 species: (Cephalopoda: 1 species:
Greater blue-ringed octopus (Hapalochaena lunulata Q. & G., 1832); Gastropoda: 2 species: Geographus conus snail (Conus geogrupus L., 1758) and Textile conus snail ( emus textile L.,1758), Arthropoda: 4 species; (Crustacea: 3 species: Devil crabs {Zosimus aeneus L., 1958); Floridus crabs (Atergastis floridus L., 1758); (Platypodia granulosa Ruppell, 1830); Merostomata: 1 horseshoe crabs (Curcinoscorpius rotundicuudu Latreille, 1826) and Vertebrata 32 species: Snapper: 1 species: Two-spot red snapper (Lutjanus bohar Forskal, 1775); Goby: 1 species: Shadow goby (Yongeichthys ne Indosus Forskal, 1775), mainly 21 species puffer of family Tetraodontidae. The Reptilia are 9 species sea snake of subfamily Hydrophinae.
