Tran Trung Kien Tap chi KHOA HQC & CONG NGHE
ANH H i r O N G CUA PHAN BON DEN NANG SUAT VA C H A T LL^ONG CilA G I O N G N G O NEP LAI HN88 TAI THAI NGUYEN
Tran Trung Kien Trudng Dai hoc Nong Ldm - DH Thai Nguyen TOM T A T
Thi nghiem ve phan bon doi v6i giong ngo nep lai HN88 tai phuong Gia Sang, TP. Thai Nguyen, linh Thai Nguyen. Thi nghiem gom 6 cong thiic bon phan, 3 lan nhac lai, dugc bo tri theo kieu khoi ngau nhien hoan chinh Ket qua thi nghiem cho thay cac cong thiic co thoi gian sinh truang bien dong tir 95 - 100 ngay. Cac cong thirc co dac diem hinh thai chieu cao cay trung binh, ty le dong bap tren cay thap, giiip cay co kha nSng chong do tot, Ty le nhiem sau benh co xu hucmg tang theo lugng phan bon, tuy nhien mirc dp nhilm sau benh a miic dp nhe va khong anh huang nhieu lai nang suat va chal lugng ciia giong, NSng suat thuc Ehu bien dpng tir 25.0 - 40,0 Ia^a, Cong Ihijc 4 (HON + SOPiOj + 90 K^O) dat nSng suit cao nhSt (40,0 laiha).
Tir khoa: Chdt lugng. HN8S, ndng sudl. phdn bon. Thdi Nguyen.
DAT VAN DE
() Viet Nam hien nay, nhu cau su dung cac giong ngo thuc pham, dac biel la giong ngo nep (Zea mays L.subsp. Ceralina Kuk'sh) dang tang Ien rat nhanh. O nuac ta, ngo nep uac tinh chiem khoang 12% dien tich ngo ciia ca nuac, Chii yeu van la cac giong thu phan tu do (TPTD), cac giong ngo nep lai dugc san xuat chua nhieu, san lugng ngo nep lai cung dang a mirc rat khiein ton.
Uu the noi bat ciia cac giong ngo nep lai la gia ban cao, co the tan dung than la cho chan nuoi giiip nguoi san xuat tang them thu nhap.
Tuy nhien, de dat nang suat ngo cao, can tac dgng theo hai hudng chinh la chgn tao giong va cac bien phap canh tae. Trong cac bien phap canh tac thi phan bon co anh hudng rat Idn tdi nang suat va chat lugng ngo. nhal la vdi cac giong lai thi viec bon phan day dii va can doi la yeu to quyet dinh nang suat.
Doi vdi tirng giong ngo khac nhau, trong tren tirng chan dat khac nhau Ihi nhu cau ve dinh dudng la khac nhau. Viec nghien ciru quy Irinh bon phan thich hgp doi vdi I giong ngo cu the nh^m dat nang suat va hi^u qua kinh le la h^l sire c^n thi6t Tren co sd do. chiing toi ti6n hanh thirc hien &h tai "Nghien ciru anh hudng ciia phan hdn den ndng suat vd chat
Tel-imi 360276
lugng cua gidng ngo nep lai HN88 tai Thanh pho Thdi Nguyen" nham xac dinh dugc anh hudng cua mot so to hgp phan bon den sinh trudng, phat trien, nang suat va chat luong giong ngo nep lai HN88, chgn ra cong thuc phan bon thich hgp vdi giong nep lai HN88 lai Thanh pho Thai Nguyen, VAT LIEU NQl DUNG vA PIIU'ONG PHAP NGHIEN CU"U
Vat lieu nghien ciru
- Giong ngo nep lai HN88: Do Cong ty giong cay trong TW I nhap noi va tuyen chgn - Phan dam: Phan Ure (46% N) - Phan lan Phan Ian Supe (16% PjO?).
• Phan kali: Phan Kaliclorua (60% K.O), Dja diem va thoi gian nghien ciru Bia diem tien hanh de tdi : Thi nghiem phan bon dugc thuc hien tai Phuong Gia Sang, TP Thai Nguyen, tinh Thai Nguyen T/idi gian tien hanh de tdi: Vu Xuan 2013 Tien hanh gieo ngay 24/02/2013.
Noi dung nghien ciru
- Nghien ciru thdi gian sinh trudng qua cac giai doan phat due ciia giong ngo nep lai HN88 qua cac to hop phan bon khac nhau.
- Nghien ciru dac diem hinh thai \a smh K ciia giong ngo nep lai HN88 qua cac lii hop phan bon khac nhau.
Tran Trung Kien Tap chi KHOA HOC & CONG NGHE 119(05): 29-34 - Nghien ciru kha nang chong chiu sau, benh
hai va chong do ciia giong ngo nep lai HN88 qua cac to hgp phan bon khac nhau.
- Danh gia nang suit bip tuoi va than la tuai cua gifing ngo nep lai HN88 qua cac to hgp phan bon khac nhau.
- Nghien ciru chat lugng ngo nep luge chin qua thu nem.
- Danh gia nang suat va yeu to cau thanh nang suat ciia giong ngo nep lai HN88 cac to hgp phan bon khac nhau.
Phu-ffng phap nghien cihi
Thi nghiem dugc b6 tri theo khoi ngau nhien hoan chinh (RCB) g6m 6 cong thiic (CT 1:
HON + 5OP3O. + 6OK2O; CT 2: I20N + 6OP.O5 + 7OK2O; CT 3- 130N + 7OP2O5 + 80K,O; CT 4: HON + 8OP2O5 + 9OK2O; CT 5: I SON + 9OP2OS + 100K?O; CT 6: 160N + IOOP2O; + 1IOK,0 - Nen: 3 tin phan vi sinh/ha) vdi 3 lan nhac lai. Dien tich I 6 la 21 m^ (5 m X 4,2 m). Khoang each giua cac lan nhac lai la I m, khoang each giiia cac 6 la
0,3m. Gieo 6 hang/6, hang each hang 70 cm, cay each cay 25 cm (mat do 5,7 van cay/ha), gieo 2 hat tren h6c va tia dl mot cay tren hoc.
Cac chi tieu theo doi dugc tien hanh theo Quy chuin ky thuat qudc gia vl khao nghiem gia trj canh tac va sii dung ciia giong ngo QCVN oi-56 : 20II/BNNPTNT; Quy pham khao nghiem tren dong rugng hieu lire ciia cac loai phan bon doi vdi nang suat cay trong, pham ch§t nong san s6 10 TCN 216 - 2003.
KET QUA NGHIEN CUU VA THAO LUAN Anh hirdng ciia lirffng phan bon den cac giai doan sinh trirffng va phat trien cua cay ngo n€p lai HN88
K6t qua d bang 1 cho thiy: Thdi gian sinh trudng gi6ng ngo HN88 bien dgng khoang 95-100 ngay. Trong dd, cong thiic 6 co then gian sinh truong dai hon cong thuc ddi chirng 5 ngay, Cac cong thuc 2, 3, 4, 5 co thdi gian sinh trudng dai han cong thiic doi chirng tir I - 3 ngay.
I I. Anh huang ciia hrang phdn bon den cdc giat doan sinh trudng phdl Irien cua giong ngd nip lai HNSS vu Xuan 2013 tai Thdi Nguyen
Dan vi linh: Ngdy
2
\
3 4 5 6
IVI9C 7 7 7 7 7 7
T r o CO' 63 64 65 65 65 67
Th 6 i g i a n g i e o d e n , . T u n g p h a n
64 66 67 67 67 68
P h u n r S u 66 67 68 68 68 69
Chi in s i n h 1^
95 96 98 98 98 100 Anh hu-dng cua Ivcrng phan bon den chieu cao cay, chieu cao dong bap cua giong ngo nep lai HNSS vu Xuan 2013
Bang 2. Anh huang cda phdn bdn den chteu cao cdy vd chieu cao ddng bdp cua gidng ngd HN88 Cong thiic
] 2 3 4 5 6 P
cn%i i-sn.,
Chieu cao cay {cm) 162,0 163,0 164,7 168,5 164,0 171.7
<0.0i 2,2 6,61
Chieu cao dong bSp (cm) 70,2 69,5 69,0 74,5 65,0 75,0
>0,05 6.S S,78
Ty le chieu cao d6ng b^p/chieu cao c3y (%)
43,0 42,6 41,9 44,8 39,6 43,7
Tran Trung Kien Tap chi KHOA HQC & CONG NGHE li9(05) 29-34 Chieu cao cdy
Qua bang so lieu 2 cho thay: Chieu cao cay ciia cac cong thirc bi^n dgng tir 162,0 - 171,7 cm. Cong thirc 6 co chieu cao cay cao nhit, cao hoTi cong thirc doi chiing chac chan d mirc do tin cay 95%. Cac cong thiic con lai co chieu cao cay tuong duang vdi cong thuc doi chiing.
Chieu cao dong bap
Qua bang 2 cho thay: Chieu cao dong bap d cac cong thiic thi nghiem bien dgng tir 65 - 75 cm. Cac cong thirc co chieu caa dong bap tuong duong vdi doi chiing (70,2 cm).
Ty le chieu cao ddng bdp/chiiu cao cdy Ty le chieu cao dong bap cua cac cong thiic thi nghiem dao dgng tir 39,6 - 44,8% chieu cao cay. Nhin chung cac cong thiic deu co ty le dong bap tren cay thap, thuan Igi cho cay co kha nang chong do tot khi gap dieu kien mua bao.
Anh hirdng cua phan bon den nang suat va chat lirtrng giong ngo nep lai HNSS So Id tren cdy
Qua bang 3 cho thay: Tong so la tren cay d cac cong thuc thi nghiem bien dgng lu 15,6 - 17,2 la. Cac cong thiic ed so la tren cay tuong Bang 3. Anh huang ciia phdn bon den so Id vd
duang so vdi cong thirc doi chiing vdi do tin cay 95%.
Chisd dien tich Id
So lieu bang 3 cho thay: Cac cong thiic thi nghiem co chi sd dien tich la bien dgng tir 2,8 - 3,1 m' la/m^ dit Cac cong thirc thi nghiem deu CO chi so dien tich la tuong duong vdi cong thuc doi chung (2,9 m^ la/ m" dal) vdi do tin cay 95%.
Anh hu-dng cua Ivang phan bon den trang thai cay, trang thai bap, do bao bap giong ngo HNSS
Trang thdi cdy
Qua bang so lieu 4: Trang thai cay ciia giong ngo HN88 dat tir 2 - 3 diem, Cong thiic 2 va 4 CO trang thai cay dat diem 3 tuong duong vdi doi chiing. Cac cong thiic con lai c6 trang thai cay tot ban danh gia d diem 2, cao hem doi chiing.
Trgng thdi hdp
Qua danh gia chiing toi thay: cong thirc doi chiing khong bon dam vao trudc tro bap nho khong dong deu, hat it va nho (diem 3). Cac cong thiic 2, 3, 4, 5 co trang thai bap tot (diem 2) va deu cao hon cong thiic doi chting.
chi sd dien tich la ciia giong ngd nep lai HNSS Cong thirc So [^ tren cay (Ja) Chi so dien tich la (m l^/m dat)
2 3 4 5 6 P CV(%) LSD,,,
17,1 16.1 15,6 17,2 16,7 17,2
> 0.05 1.5 0.5
2,9
3.1 2.9 3,1
>0.05 10.6 0.6
Bang 4. Anh htrang cua phdn hon den [rang thdi cdy. trang thdi bdp. do bao bdp ciia gidng ngd nep lai HN8S Dan VI tinh Diem I - 5 lg Ihuc
1 2 3 4 5 6
Trang th^i 3 3 2 3 2 2
cay Trai ig th^i bap 3 3 3 2 2 2
Do bao bap
Tran Trung Kien Tap chi KHOA HOC & CONG NGHE 119(05): 29-34 Do bao bdp
Ket qua thi nghiem cho tha;: O cac cong thiic thi nghiem deu c6 do bao bap tot, dat di^m 2. Vay bdn phan trong thi nghiem khong anh hudng tdi do bao bap ciia gidng ngo n^p lai HN88.
Anh hirdng cua phan bon den tinh hinh sau benh hai va kha nang chong do cua giong ngo HNSS
Qua bang 5 cho thay: Tat ca cac cong thiic thi nghiem deu bi sau due than va sau can rau gay hai. danh gia d 2 - 3 diem. Cong thiic 2, 3 nhiem sau due than va can rau tuong duong vdi cong thiic doi chiing. danh gia dat diem 2.
Cac cong thirc con lai nhiem sau due than, sau can rau nang hon so vdi cong thiic doi chimg, danh gia ddiem 3, Nhu vay, bon phan nhieu se lam tang t)' le ngo bj nhiem sau due than.
Benh kho van cac cong thiic thi nghiem bi nhiem benh bien dgng trong khoang 0,72 - 2.32%. Cac cong thirc phan bon deu bi nhiem kho van cao ban cong thiic doi chiing, Cong thirc 6 hi nhiem kho van nang nhat la 2,32.
Bang 5. Anh hirong ciia phdn bdn den tinh
Tu> nhien, ty le nhiem benh kho vSn cua cac cong thiic thi nghiem d miic do nhe nen khong anh hudng nhieu tdi nang suat ciia ngo.
Anh httdng cua lu-ffng phan bon den cac yen t6 c5u thanh nang suat ciia giong ngo HNSS
Qua sd lieu bang 6 cho thiy: sd bap tren cay daa dgng tir 0,96 - 0,98 bap. Tit ca cac cong thiic thi nghiem deu co so bap tren cay (sai khac khong co y nghTa) tuong duang so vdi giong doi chimg.
Chieu dai bip ciia cac cong thirc thi nghiem bi^n dgngtir 14,3 - 16,5 cm. Chieu dai bapco .\u hudng lang Ien theo chieu tang cua lugng phan bdn. Qua xir ly thdng ke cho thiy cac cong thiic co chieu dai bap tuong duang vdi cong thirc doi chirng (sai khac khdng cd y nghTa).
Cong thiic 4 cd dudng kinh bap (4,7 cm) Idn hon chac chan so vdi cong Ihirc doi chirng.
Cac cong thirc con lai cd dudng kinh bip luong duong vdi cong thirc doi chimg d mirc do tin cay 95%i.
h'mh sdu benh hai ciia gidng ngo HNSS Cong thuc Sau flue than (them 1 - 5) Sau can rSu (diem 1 - 5) Kho ygn (%)
0,72 1,23 1,85 1,45 2,28 2,32
Bang 6. Anh huong cua phdn bdn den cdc yeu td cdu thanh ndng sudl vd nang sudl cua gidng ngd HNSS Cong So bap/
thiic cay Chieu d^i bap
Buong kinh b^p
(c"i)
So hang/
bap (hang)
So hat/
hang (hat)
PIOOO hat(g)
NSLT (t?/ha)
NSTT (ta/ha) 1
2 3 4 5 6 CI t%l /-.VD.,„
0.96 0,98 0,96 0.97 0,98 0.97 2.6
15.1 14,3 16,2 15,9 14,9 16.5 5.7 1.6
4.5 4,5 4,5 4,7 4,2 4,6 1,7 0,N
12.2 12.5 12,0 12,6 12,6 11,7 3,0 0.67
31,8 30,5 31,5 34,5 27,9 34,4 7,0 4,0
322,3 335 329,3 366,6 400,0 350,0 -1,5 29.64
79,5 77,6 89,0 88,5 77,7 73,1 10.1 I4.S4
30,8 25,0 31,9 40,0 30,2 36,1 12.1 IS.5
Tran Trung Kien Tap chi KHOA HQC & CONG NGHE
Bang 7. Chdl lugng thd nem cua gidng ngd nep lai HNSS qua cdc cdng thiic phdn bdn
Cong thirc Huong thffm Vj dam flo ngot Mau sac hat
bap luQC 3
1 So hang tren bap ciia c o n g thirc thi nghiem
dao dgng tir 1 1 , 7 - 12,6 cm. Tat ca cong thiic thi nghiem deu c o so hang tren bap t u o n g ducrng nhau. N h u vay lieu lugng phan bon khong anh h u d n g den so hang tren bap ciia giong ngo nep H N 8 8 .
So hat tren hang ciia cac c o n g thiic thi nghiem bien dgng tir 27,9 - 34.5 hat. Cac c o n g thirc deu CO so hat tren hang t u o n g d u a n g cong thirc doi chirng.
Khoi lugng nghin hat ciia cac c o n g thirc thi nghi?m biSn d g n g lii' 322.3 - 400,Og. Cong thirc 4 va 5 CO khoi lirgng nghin hat cao hon so vdi doi chirng vdi dg tin cay 9 5 % . Cac cong thirc con lai co khoi krgng nghin hat tuong d u a n g vdi cong thirc doi chirng.
Nang sua! ly ihuyet d cac cong ihirc thi nghigm bien d g n g tir 73.1 - 89,0 la/ ha. Cac cong thiic deu co nang suat ly tliuyet t u o n g d u a n g vdi c o n g thirc doi chirng.
Qua bang 6 cho thay: N a n g suat thuc thu ciia cac cong thirc thi nghiem d a a d g n g tir 25,0 - 40.0 ta/ha C o n g Ihirc 4 (MON + 8 0 P : O . + 90 K : 0 ) dal nang sual cao nhit (40.0 la/ha).
. \ n h h u o n g ciia lirong p h a n b o n d e n c h a t Iwgng c u a g i o n g n g o n e p lai HNSS Qua bang 7 cho lha> C h i t l u g n g ciia giong ngo nep lai H N 8 8 qua cac c o n g thirc phan bon CO su thay doi ro ret. C o n g thiic 5 va 6 co c h i t lugng ncm thir la lot nhat. an rat d e o . huong vj rai t h a m . \ i dam lot va rat nggl d u g c danh gia d diem I C o n g thirc 3 \ a 4 cho lli;i\ gidng ngi) nep H N 8 8 c o d o deo trung binh. ihom, vj dam kha va nggt d u g c danh gia a diem 2. G i o n g ngd nep d c o n g thiic I \ a 2 an hoi deo. dg t h a m trung binh. do dam trung binh va nggt vira N h u \ a \ . phan bon c o anh
h u d n g den chat lugng ngo nep luge, bon nhieu phan \ a can doi tang chat lugng ngo nep theo t> le thuan.
K E T L U A N V A D E N G H I
Thdi gian sinh t r u d n g cua giong ngo HNSS bien dgng khong nhieu va co xu h u d n g tang nhe theo lugng phan bon d cac thdi ky bon thiic. Cong thiic 6 co luong dam bon nhieu nhal nen co thdi gian sinh trudng dai nhal (100 ngay),
Miic do nhiem benh co xu huong lang nhe iheo luong phan bon,
N a n g sual thuc thu ciia giong HN88 qua cac cong thirc bon phan khac nhau bien dong tir 25.0 - 40,0 ta/ha. Dal cao n h i i la cong thirc 4, Uiy nhien sai khac co \' nghTa so vdi cong thirc doi chirng, n h u n g cao hon ban so vdi cong thirc 2.
Cong thirc 5 va 6 co chat lugng nem thir la lot nhal. an rat d e o , htrang vi rat t h o m . vi dam lot va rat nggt
De CO kel luan chinh xac ban \c anh hudng cua phan bon den sinh t r u d n g va nang suat ciia giong ngo H N 8 8 de nghi tiep luc nghien ciru trong n h u n g vu khac de danh gia kel qua d u g c chinh xac hon.
TAI LIEU T H A M K H A O 1 Ngu\ln Huu Dong. Phan Due True. Ngu\cn van Cuang \a cs(1997). "K^l qua nghien cuu ga>
lao dot bi^n bang tia gamma ket hap \ui \ u diethylsunphal (des) o nep". Tap chi Di n in en hui.
vd irng dung. So 3, 5- 12
2 Trin Thi Thanh Ha. Nguyen Thi llong Nyai Nguyen Van Ha, Duang Thi Loan. Vii Ihi HKII Hanh. Vu Van Liel (20^3), "Chon loc \ai IKU ^V linh trang vo hat mong phuc \ u lao yiony nyo iii.-|>
Trin Trung Kien Tap chi KHOA HOC & CONG NGHE 119(05): 29 - 34 an tuai chit luong cao". Tap chi Khoa hoc vd Phdi n^p lai d Viet Nam", Tap chi Nong nghiep vd phdl trien 2013,lap 1 1,56 2: 1 3 5 - 144. trien ndng thdn, ky 1 - t h a n g 1/2007.
3. Phan Xuan Hao (1997), "Gi6ng ngo n6p ngan ^ Nguyin Thg Hiing, Nguyin Thien Huyen, Nguyen v a n Loc, Biii Manh Cudng (2010), "Ket ngay VN2", Tap chi Ndng nghiep cong nghiep ^^^ ^^^^ ^^^ ^-^^^ ^^^ ^^p |^j ^^^^ ^^_^
thuc pham. S6]2,522'524 Ceralina Kalesh) giai doan 2005 - 2010 lai 4. Phan Xuan Hao, Nguyen Thj Nhai va CS Trudng Dai hpc Nong nghiep Ha Ngi", Tap chi (2007), "K^t qua nghien ciru chpn tao giong ngo Khoa hgc vd Phdl Iriin, Tap 8, so 6: 890-899,
SUMMARY
E F F E C T S O F F E R T I L I Z E R O N Y I E L D A N D Q U A L I T Y O F S T I C K Y H Y B R I D M A I Z E V A R I E T Y H N S S I N T H A I N G U Y E N
T r a n T r u n g Kien College of Agriculture and Forestry - TNU Experiments studied on the fertilizer rates for sticky hybrid maize variety HNSS in Gia Sang Ward, Thai Nguyen City. Thai Nguyen province. The experiments consisted of 6 treatments, 3 replications which were arranged in randomized complete block design. Experimental results showed that growing time ranged from 95 - 100 days, the plant height was medium, ratio of cobcom-made height and plant height was low, which help maize plants had good falling resistant.
Proportion of pest prevalence tended to increase with Ihe amount of fertilizer, however, the level of pest infestation was low and not impact on the yield and quality of HN88 maize plant. Actual yields ranged from 2.5 - 4 0 tons/ha. Treatment 4 (I40N + 8OP2O5 + 90 K^O) had the highest potential yield (4 0 tons/ha).
Keywords. Fertilizers. HNSS. quality, Thai Nguyen, yield
Nf^ax nhdn hat 02 4/2014. Ngd}-phdn bien: 10.42014. Ngdy duyet ddng: 5/5/2014 Phan hien khoa hoc: PCS. TS Nguyin Hiht Hdng - Trudng Dgi hgc Ndng Ldm - DHTN
