i. Sa 2016. Vol 14. No 6. 852-859 Tgp chi KH Ndng nghigp Vigt Nam 2016. tap 14. so 6:852-859 www vnua.edu. vn
NGHIEN CUU MOT SO CHI TIEU SINH LY CUA MOT SO BIONG LAC NANG SUAT CAO VA THAP TRONG TAI THANH HOA
Le Van Trong'*, Nguyen Nhu Khanh^ Vu Thi Thu Hien'
^Trir&ngB^i hpc Hdng Due, ^Trirdfng Dai hpc Sir phgm Ha Npi Email': tronghongduc@,gmaH.com
Ngayguibai: 11.11.2015 Ngdy chdp nhan: 28.07.2016
l6U T A T
Phan tich chi tieu sinh ly cua mgt s6 giong lgc de tim ra s u khac biet gitia chiing ta mgt trong nhi>ng phuong phap gop phan vao cong tac so tuyen gidng nang suit cao, pham chat tdt. co kha nang chong t^ju tdt vdi dieu kien bit loi cua moi tnjdng. Bai bdo trinh bay k i t qua nghien ctiu mpt s6 chi tieu sinh ly cua nhom gidng lgc nang suit cao va Oiap trong vu xuan nam 2013, 2014 va 2015 trdng tai huyen Tneu Son, t'nh Thanh Hoa. Ket qua thf nghiem da phan nhom gidng lac theo nang suat thirc thu thanh 3 nhom, nhom nang suat cao: L26 (3,67 tan/ha, giong TB25:
3,50 tIn/ha), nhdm nang suat thdp: lac ly (ndng sudt thap nhat dat 2,31 tln/ha) va nhdm nang sudt tmng binh" L18, LOS, L14, L19, L23. Cac gidng lac nang suat cao t h i hien mgt s6 c^i tieu sinh ly tdt hon so vdi cac gidng iac nang suat thdp. Diln hinh la gidng L26 cho nang sudt cao nhit cd mot so chi s6 smh ly a giai dogn ra hoa - dam tia hop ly nhat: cudng do quang hop 26,8 nmol/m^/s, kha nang tich luy chit kho 24,26 g, cudng dp thoat hoi nude 11,85 mmot/mVs, do dan khf khdng 0,64 mol/m^/s, dien tich la 16.22 dmVcay, ham luong diep luc 1,76 mg/g la tucri, trong khi do giong lgc ly nang suat thap nhat co cac chi s6 tu'ong ting la: 19,8 nmol/m^/s, 20,37g, 8,75 mmol/m^/s, 0,47 mol/m^/s, 12,76 dm%ay, 0,81 mg/g ia tuoi.
Tti khoa: Chi tieu sinh ly, lgc, nang suat
Study on Physiological Characteristics of Some Peanut Varieties with High and Low Yield Grown in Thanh Hoa Province
ABSTRACT
Analysis of physiological charactenstics of peannut vaneties with high and low yield was done to identify criteria that contribute yield, quality, and tolerance to unfavourable environmental conditions. The experiment was ccMiducted in 2013, 2014 and 2015 spring seasons in Trieu Son, Thanh Hoa province. According to the yield, 10 peannut varieties were divided into 3 groups: high yielding varieties: L26 and TB25. low yielding vaneties: lac ly and L12, sen lai; and the medium yielding varieties. L18, L08, L14, L19 and L23. The high-yielding vaneties exhibit higher photosynthetc intensity (26,8 ^mol/m^/s). dry matter accumulation (24,26g), transpiration rate (11,85 mmol/m^/s), stomatal cdnductance (0,64 mmol/m^/s), leaf area {16,22dm^), and chlorophyll content (1,76 mg/g) atflowenng stage.
Keywords: Peanuts, physiological charactenstics, yield.
1 DAT VAN DF chdng chiu khac nhau deu the hien b cac ddc diem sinh ly, hoa sinh. Do dd, chung ta co the Nang suS^t la mgt trong nhflng chi tieu quan dua vao sfl khac biet trong cac chi tieu sinh ly trong de danh gia chd't Iflgng cua cay trdng. Mdi cua cac gid'ng de sd tuyen cac gid'ng nang sua't gidng cay trong cd nang sua't hay kha nang cao, pham cha't hat tdt, thich nghi dfldc vdi cac
Le V a n Trgng, N g u y i n N h u Khanh, V u Thj Thu H i l n
dieu kien tfl nhien cua nhflng vung, mien cu thd, giup giam thieu thdi gian, cdng sflc va chi phi trong san xug^t.
Lac (Arachis hypogaea L.) la loai cay trong cd gia tri kinh te cao va co y nghla 16n ddi vdi ngdnh cdng nghiep che bien va chan nuoi. 0 Vidt Nam ndi chung va tai Thanh Hoa noi rieng, cdy lac da va dang dUdc dua vao san xuat vdi quy md Idn nhflng nang sua't dem lai vdn chfla cao, do vdy viec nghien cflu tuyen chgn nhflng gidng lac nang sua't cao, pham cha't hat td't dang la chu de dUdc nhieu nha khoa hgc quan tam. Nghien ctiu cua Nguyin Thi Thanh Hai va cong sfl (2011) vl dac diem ndng sinh hoc cua mgt so' ddng, gio'ng lac trong dieu Men vu xuan va vu thu tren dat Gia Lam, Ha Ngi cho thay, mgt sd ddng, gio'ng cd chi sd SPAD, sd Ifldng bo mach trong than va ty le khdi Ifldng re/khdi Ifldng toan cay cao, the hien kha nang quang hdp va van chuyen dinh dudng tdt tao tien de cho nang suat cao; cac dong, gid'ng cd tdng sd qua tren cay, khoi lUdng 100 qua Idn, ty le nhan cao, sinh truSng, phat trien tot cho nang sua't cao d ca vu xuan va vu thu. Vo Thi Mai Hudng va cs. (2012) khi nghien cflu anh hudng ciia chitosan oligosaccharide len sinh trudng va nang suat cua gid'ng lac Ll4 cho tha'y hdp chat nay cd tac dung kich thich sinh trudng cua cay lac, tang kha nang hinh thanh not san, kich thich sfl ra hoa va tang nang sua't cua lac.
Tren cd sd nay, chung toi tien hanh nghien cflu mgt sd chi tieu sinh ly cua gidng lac co nang sud't cao va thap trdng tai Thanh Hda nhdm tim ra nhiing khac biet trong cac dac trUng sinh ly cua chung, gdp phan vao cdng tac sd tuyen gid'ng lac nang suat cao, pham chat tdt.
2. VAT LIEU VA PHUONG PHAP 2.1. Vat lieu nghien ciiu
10 gid'ng lac khac nhau trdng tren dia ban huyen Trieu Sdn, tinh Thanh Hoa: Lac ly, Sen lai, LOS, L12, L14, L18, L19, L23, TB25, L26.
2.2. Phfldng p h a p nghien cdfu 2.2.1. Thdi gian
V u xuan n a m 2013, 2014, 2015 (tfl thang 02 den thang 05).
2.2.2. Dia diem
Thf nghiem ddng rugng dfldc bd' tri tai xa Dan Lflc, huyen Trieu Sdn, tinh Thanh Hda.
Thi nghiem phan tich mgt so' chi tieu sinh ly dfldc tien hanh tai phdng thi nghiem Bg mon Thflc vat - TrUdng Dai hgc Hdng Dflc, phdng thi nghiem Bg mon Sinh ly thflc vat va Ung dung, TrUdng Dai hgc Sfl pham Ha Ngi.
2.2.3. Phiidngphap nghien cthi
* Thi nghiem dong ruong: Chgn khu dd't bdng phang tai ndi dang trdng lac dai tra (da't cat pha thit) cua xa Dan Lflc, huy§n Tneu Sdn, tinh Thanh Hoa va tien hanh bo' tri thi nghiem.
Thi nghiem dfldc bo' tri theo khd'i ngdu nhien day du (Randomized complete Blocks Design - RCBD) vdi 3 lan nh&c lai, 10 gidng lac nghien cflu dfldc gieo tren 10 d thi nghiem, moi d cd dien tich lOm^ (Molotov, 1966). Thi nghi§m ddng rugng dfldc thflc hien trong 3 vu xuan:
nam 2013, 2014, 2015 va sau do tinh ket qua trung binh.
Bang 1. Nguon goc va ndi cung cap 10 giong lac nghien ciiu
Nguon goc Nci cung cap gi6ng
Sen lai TB25
Tay Nguyen Nhap ng] tif Tmng Quoc Vien KHNN Vi6t Nam Nhap ngi ti> Tmng Qu6c Nhap ngi tu" Tmng Quoc Vien KHNN Viet Nam Nhap ngi tO Tmng Quoc Vien KHNN Viet Nam Vien KHNN Viet Nam Cong ty gi6ng cay trong Thai E
Cong ty giong cay trong Thanh H6a C6ng ly giong cay trong Thanh Hoa Cong ty giong cay frong Thanh Hoa Trung tam NGPT Dau 66 - Vien KHNNVN Tmng tam NGPT Dau dO - Vien KHNNVN Tmng tam NGPT Dau do - Vien KHNNVN Tmng tam NGPT Dau d6 - Vien KHNNVN Tmng tam NGPT Dau d5 - Vien KHNNVN C6ng ty giong cay trong Thanh Hoa Cong ty giong cay trflng Thai Binh
853
Nghien ctiu mgt so chi tieu sinh ly cua mgt sd giong lgc nang suat cao va thap trdng tgi Thanh Hda
* Thu mAu: Mdu dung de phan tich cac chi tieu sinh ly dfldc lay theo sd do dfldng cheo, la'y mdu tai 5 diem: tam ciia d thi nghiem va 4 diem chinh gifla cua cac doan thang ndi tam den bd'n goc cua d thi nghiem. Tai cac thdi die'm nghien cflu tUdng flng, mdu dflgc thu dfla vao tui nilon de han che mat nfldc, dua ve phdng thi nghiem, bao quan va tien hanh phan tich cac chi tieu. De nghien cflu cac chi tieu sinh ly, boa sinh cua mgt sd gidng lac, chung toi tien hanh thu mdu va phan tich tai cac thdi diem: trUdc ra hoa (7 la), ra hoa rg - dam tia, qua vao chac.
* Phan tich cac chi tieu sinh ly - Xac dinh ham liiOng diep lac tong so: Ham lUdng diep luc tdng sd dfldc xac dinh theo phfldng phap cua Wintermans, De Mots (Nguyin Duy Minh, Nguyin Nhu Khanh, 1982)
CV va dUdc tinh theo cong thflc: A =
P.1000 Trong do: A: ham IflOng diep luc trong mdu tfldi (mg/g cha't tfldi);
V: the tich dich chiet; P: trgng Ifldng mdu;
C: ndng do diep luc c6 trong dich chiet;
C, (mg/1) ^ 12,7.E663 - 2,69.Es,g;
Cb (mg/1) = 22,9.Ee,5 - 4,68.E663;
C„,i,)(mg/1) = 8,02.Es62+ 20,2.E645;
- Cudng dp quang hdp, ciidng do thoat hai nixdc, do din khi khdng: CUdng do quang hdp, cfldng do thoat hdi nfldc, do ddn khi khdng dUdc xac dinh bdng may do cfldng do quang hdp CI- 340 dd My san xuat. Khi do cUdng do quang hdp tren la cay, gia tri cUdng do thoat hdi nfldc E (mmol/mVs), d6 ddn khi khdng C (mol/mVs) se dflgc hien thi tren man hinh.
- Dien tich la cay: NhiJng cay do cfldng do quang hdp lay toan bg la de do diln tich la cua cay (sti dung may do di§n tich la CI - 202 cua My).
- Khd'i liipng chat kho cua cay. M6i gid'ng lay 10 cay (lap lai 3 lan) dfla ve phong thf nghilm can dUdc khd'i lUdng B, do la khdi Ifldng tucJi ban dau. Dfla cac cay da can vao tu sa'y va sd'y 6 105°C, tien hanh can cho de'n khi kho'i lUdng khong doi dflgc khra Ifldng b. Khdi Ifldng
chat kho cua cay dUdc tinh theo cdng thflc:
b X% = - . 1 0 0
B
Trong do: X: khdi Ifldng chat kho cua cay (%);
B: khdi Ifldng tfldi ban d^u (g); b: khdi Ifldng sau khi sa'y khd (g).
* Xac dinh mpt so cin tieu cau thanh nang suat va nang suat: De xac dinh mgt sd cM tieu ca'u thanh nang sua't va nang sud't cua mgt sd gidng lac nghien cflu, chung tdi da tien hanh thu hoach lac tren cac 6 thi nghiem, xac dinh nang sua't thflc thu/d thi nghiem (lOm^ sau do quy ddi thanh tan/ha, ddng thdi tien hanh xac dinh khdi Ifldng 100 qua, khd'i Ifldng 100 hat, ^ le lac nhan cua cac gidng nghien cflu bang can dien tti vdi do ehinh xac 10"*.
2.2.4. Xvtiy so lieu
So' heu dfldc xti ly, thd'ng ke tren phdn mem Microsof Excel. Sii dung phfldng phap phan tich phfldng sai (theo Molotov, 1966) de phan nhom cac gid'ng lac theo ndng suat, tinh do lech chuan bdng each sti dung ham STDEVP trong Microsoft Excel.
3. KET QUA VA THAO LUAN
3.1. Ci^dng do q u a n g hdp va kboi lUOng c h a t kho tich liiy
Quang hdp la qua trinh sinh ly co quan he mat thiet den nang sua't cay trong, kha nang quang hdp phu thugc vao nhieu jdu td nhfl cfldng do va thdi gian chieu sang, ham Ifldng nfldc trong la, ham Ifldng diep luc va cac qua trinh sinh ly khac trong cay (Nguyin Nhfl Khanh va Cao Phi Bdng, 2012). Cfldng do quang hdp bieu thi kha nang boat ddng quang hdp ciia cac quan the cay trdng, chi tieu nay thay doi rat nhieu tuy thugc vao gid'ng, cac cd quan khac nhau, giai doan sinh trfldng, phat trien cua cay, dieu kien ngoai canh va dUdc the hien qua kha nang tich luy chat kho cua cay qua cac giai doan sinh trfldng phat trien.
Bang 2 cho tha'y, cfldng do quang hdp cua cac gio'ng tang d^n tfl giai doan trfldc ra hoa va dat cflc dai b giai doan ra hoa rg - dam tia, sau do giam xudng b giai doan qua vao chdc. Ket
Le Van Trgng, Nguyen Nhu Khanh, VQ Thi Thu Hien
qua nghien cflu nay phu hdp vdi nghien cflu cua Vu Tid'n Binh va cs. (2014). Trong khi dd khoi Ifldng chat khd tdng tfl nhflng giai doan ddu cho ddn khi qua vdo chdc. Cac gidng nang sud't cao nhfl TB25, L26 cd cfldng do quang hdp va kho'i Ifldng chat kho tich luy cao hdn cac gidng nang suat thd'p la L12, lac ly, sen lai, dac Met the hien ro b giai doan ra hoa rd - dam tia. Cfldng do quang hdp va chat kho tich luy cua gid'ng L26 la 26,8 nmol/m^/s va 24,26g, gidng TB25 la 25,6
|imol/m^/s va 23,53g. Cac gidng lac ly, sen lai, Ll2 cd CUdng do quang hgp va khd'i Ifldng chd't kho tha'p b hiiu het cac giai doan phat triln. U giai doan ra hoa - dam tia, chi s6' cfldng dd quang hdp b gidng sen lai dat 20,0 jimol/m^/s, gidng Ll2 dat 20,9 pmol/m^/s va tha'p nha't la gidng lac ly dat 19,8 iimol/mVs. Trong khi do khd'i Ifldng chat khd ciia gidng sen lai thd'p nhat va dat 19,34g, sau dd den gid'ng lac ly dat 20,37g.
Bang 2. Cfldng do q u a n g ha'p va khoi Ifldng c h a t kho cua giong lac
Gi6ng
L ^ c l y L I 2 Sen lai TB25 L26
7 la (truwc ra hoa) CDQH 9.7 + 0,05 1 1 , 7 ± 0 , 1 9 10,2 ± 0 , 2 4 15,1 ± 0 , 1 3 14.7 ± 0,06
KLCK 4,02 ± 0,03 3,95 ± 0 , 1 2 4,21 ± 0,02 5,42 ± 0.01 5.98 + 0,10
Cdc giai dogn smh t r u i n g phat tnen Hoa rO
CDQH 19.8 ± 0 , 0 5 20,9 ± 0,04 20.0 + 0.08 25,6 ± 0 , 0 9 26,8 ± 0,25
dam tia KLCK 20,37 ± 0,09 21,63 ± 0 , 1 3 19,34 ± 0 , 0 5 23,53 ± 0,05 24,26 ± 0,07
Qud vdo c h i c CDQH 18,8 ± 0,09 18,2 ± 0 , 1 0 17.2 ± 0 , 1 4 23.1 ± 0 , 1 6 24.7 ± 0,09
KLCK 22,11 ± 0 , 1 4 24,67 ± 0 . 1 2 21,21 ± 0 , 1 6 24,82 ± 0 , 1 0 25,33 ± 0,08 Gill chii: Cuong do quang hgp (CDQHtimol/mVs), khoi litang chat kho (KLCK: g chat kho)
5x + 7.636 0 ^
^ 3 0 - y = 5.135x + 7.636_^
S ^ 2 5 \ r = 0.9'
f-lio-
I
| 1 5 -
S• S 10
-g I '
5 0 .
0 1 2 3 4
Nang suit (tln/ha)
% 30
.3 S25
•S S 20 J" Sj 10
• o ^ 5 -
3 0
y = 2,8015x+13,651 r = 0,85
V ^
0 1 2 3 4
Nang suat (tan/ha)
H i n h 1. TiTtfng q u a n gitifa ci^dng do q u a n g hgip (A), kho'i IflOng c h a t kho tich luy (B) va n a n g sua't cua cac gid'ng lac d giai doan r a hoa ro - d a m tia Nghien cflu chi tieu quang hgp va khd'i lUdng
chat kho tich luy cua gidng lac cd nang sud't cao va thd'p cho tha'y hai chi tieu nay cd sfl tUdng quan mdt thid't v6i nang sua't thflc thu (Hinh 1), trong dd cfldng do quang hdp cd lien quan chat hdn vdi ndng sud't (r = 0,97) so vdi khdi Ifldng chd't khd (r = 0,85).
3.2. Cifdng do t h o a t hOi nifdc va do d a n khi khong
Sfl thoat hdi nude ci la tao ra dgng lUc cua qua trinh hut nUdc va lam giam nhiet do cua la gitip cho la khdng bi dot ndng bdi anh sang mat trdi, dac biet khi qua trinh thoat hdi nfldc diln 855
Nghien cuu mot s6 chl tieu sinh ly cua mgt sd giong lgc nang suat cao va thap trdng tgi Thanh Hda
ra, khi khdng md tao dilu kien cho khi CO, de khuech tan vao ben trong va Og thoat ra ben ngoai giup cho qua trinh quang hdp cua cay diln ra thuan Idi (Nguyin Nhu Khanh va Cao Phi Bdng, 2012). Day la cd sd de tang sinh khdi va la tien de de tang nang sua't cay trong. Sfl thoat hdi nflflc manh hay yeu phdn Idn phu thugc vao sfl dong md khi khd'ng.
Bang 3 the hi§n sfl bien ddi cfldng do thoat hdi nfldc va do ddn khi khdng cua cac gid'ng lac cd nang sua't cao va thap qua cac giai doan sinh trfl5ng phat trien. Qua bang so' heu cho tha'y, ca hai chi so' nay co tflOng quan thuan vdi nhau, deu tang tfl nhflng giai doan dau den giai doan ra hoa rg - dam tia, sau do giam dan khi qua vao chac.
Su bien dd'i nay ciing tUdng quan thuan vdi sU bien doi cfldng do quang hdp cua cac gidng.
Cac gid'ng co nang sua't cao c6 cfldng do thoat hdi nfldc va do ddn khi khong cao hdn cac gio'ng CO nang sua't thap. Gidng L26 co nang
sua't cao nha't the hien cac chi sd cao nhat ci hau bet cac giai doan, b giai doan ra hoa rg - dam tia cac chi sd nay l^n lugt la 11,85 mmol/m^/s va 0,64 mol/mVs, Gio'ng sen lai nang sud't thd'p co cac chi so d giai doan ndy Idn Ifldt la 6,78 mmdl/mVs va 0,39 mol/m^/s. Dieu nay cho thdy hai chi tieu nay lien quan de'n nang suat cay lac, nhflng gio'ng cd nang suat cao thi chi sd ve CUdng do thoat hdi nfldc vd do ddn khi khong cung cao hdn.
3.3. Dien tich la va h a m liftfng diep luc Dien tich la la chi tieu lien quan mat thiet vdi cfldng do quang hgp, ham Ifldng diep luc, mat do cha't diep luc. Tat ca cac yeu to" nay deu Uen quan den nang suat cua cay lac.
Ket qua sdlieu bang 4 cho thay, dien tich la va ham Ifldng diep luc cua cac gidng tang dan tii giai doan trfldc khi ra hoa cho den giai doan ra hoa rg va dam tia, sau do giam xudng.
Bang 3. Cfldng do t h o a t hOi nfldc va do dan khi k h o n g cua gio'ng lac n a n g suat cao va thap Gac giai doan smh tn/ong phat tnen
7 1^ (Injcrc ra hoa) Hoa rp - dam lia
L a d y L12 Sen lai TB25 L26
4,21 ± 0 , 1 2 5.30 ± 0.07 5,57 + 0,41 8,85 ± 0 , 0 7 8.69 + 0.21
0,17 ± 0 , 0 2 0,20 ± 0,01 0,19 ± 0 , 0 5 0,36 ± 0,08 0.45 + 0.05
8,75 ± 0.09 9.03 ± 0.24 6,78 It 0,17 10.31 ± 0,08 11,85 ± 0 . 1 3
0,47 ± 0,03 0.52 ± 0.02 0,39 + 0.03 0.62 ± 0.09 0.64 = 0.12
7,45 ± 0.32 6,36 ± 0.08 6,35 + 0.13 10,25 + 0,17 9,46 ± 0 , 1 5
0.37 ± 0,02 0.38 ± 0,01 0.31 ±0,05 0.40 ± 0,05 0.49 ± 0.02 Ghi chu: Cudng do thoat hoi nu6c (CDTHN. mmol/m-/s), do din kbi khong (DDKK mo]/nr/s)
20 - 15 - 1 0 -
= 2.2767x+2.7007 r-0.76
1 2 3 Nang suat (tan/tia)
(C)
0.8 y = _ 0.6
1 »•"
— 02 - 0 —
0
= ai337x+ai378 r-O.SO
^
1 2 3 Nang suat (tan/ha)
(D)
Hinh 2. Tfldng q u a n giu'a cUdug do t h o a t hdi nUdc (C), dp Akn khi khong (D) va nang sua't cua cac gio'ng lac ci giai doan r a h o a ro - dam tia
Le Van Trgng, Nguyin Nhu Khanh, VO Thj Thu Hiln
Bang 4. Didn tich la va ham Ifldng diep luc cua gid'ng lac n a n g sua't cao va t h a p
Gi6ng
L a d y L12 Sen lai TB25 L26
7 Id (Xnidc 1 DTL 3,31 ± 0.01 3,25 ± 0,02 3,21 ± 0,03 3.94 ± 0,01 4,12 ± 0 , 0 3
a hoa) HLDL 0.70 ± 0.05 1.09 ± 0 . 1 1 0.59 ± 0,05 1,36 ± 0,08 1.19 ± 0 . 0 3
Cac giai do^n smh tnfcrng phat trien Hoa ro
DTL 12.76 + 0,04 12,33 ± 0,05 13.85 ± 0 , 1 3 15,92 ± 0 . 0 7 16,22 ± 0 . 1 4
- dam tia HLDL 0,81 ± 0 , 1 1 1,23 ± 0 , 0 8 1.01 ± 0 , 0 5 1.43 ± 0 , 0 2 1,76 ± 0 , 0 4
Qua vao DTL 10,64 + 0,05 1 1 , 6 7 ± 0 . 1 3 1 1 . 0 7 ± 0 , 1 3 13.44 ± 0 . 0 7 13,74 ± 0 , 1 4
chdc HLDL 0.71 ± 0,06 1,11 ± 0 . 1 2 0,96 ± 0 , 1 0 1,37 ± 0,05 1,60 ± 0 , 0 5 Ghi chii: Dien tich la (DTL: dm'/cay) va ham lupngdiep luc (HLDL: mg/gla tUdi)
• 2 0 -
' 10
5 I
y = 2,7995x + 6,0472 r - 0
y-0,5244x-0,2823
y^
1 2 3 Nang suat (tan/ha)
(E)
0 1 2 3
Nang suat (tAn/ha) (F) H i n h 3 . Tflc*ng q u a n g i i J a d i e n t i c h l a ( E ) , h a m I f l ^ g d i e p l u c ( F )
v a n a n g s u a t c u a c a c g i d ' n g l a c d g i a i d o a n r a h o a r g - d a m t i a
So s a n h di§n t i c h l a v a h a m Iflgng didp luc c u a n h o m g i o n g lac n a n g sua't cao vdi n h o m g i d n g l a c n a n g sua't thd'p cho t h a y , n h o m gidng n a n g sua't c a o (L26, T B 2 5 ) cd cac gia t r i cao h d n n h o m n a n g sua't tha'p (lac ly, L 1 2 , s e n lai) b h a u h d t c a c g i a i d o a n s i n h trfldng p h a t t r i e n , d a c b i § t l a ci g i a i d o a n r a h o a - d a m t i a . O giai d o a n n a y , g i o n g L 2 6 cd d i e n t i c h l a 16,22 dmVcay v a h a m Ifldng d i e p luc 1,76 mg/g l a tfldi, gid'ng T B 2 5 d a t cac c h i s d tfldng flng l a 15,92 dm^/cay v a 1,43 m g / g l a tfldi. T r o n g k h i dd gid'ng lac ly d a t t h a p nhd't l a 12,76 d m V c a y v a 0,81 mg/g la tfldi. S a u k h i d a t gia t r i c a o nhd't v a o giai d o a n h o a r g - d a m t i a , d i e n t i c h l a v a h a m Ifldng didp l u c t r o n g l a cd t h e dfldc d u y t r i ci mflc d o cao tfl 5 de'n 7 n g a y , s a u dd g i a m d a n k h i q u a v a o c h a c . D i e u n a y l a do k h i c h u y e n s a n g giai d o a n q u a c h d c tdc do r u n g l a n h a n h h d n r a l a mdi, l a c h u y e n s a n g g i a i d o a n gia v a h d a v a n g ( N g u y e n D a n h D d n g , 1984).
Cac so' lieu vd d i e n t i c h la, h a m Iflgng d i e p luc t r o n g l a v a dd t h i t h e h i e n m d i tfldng q u a n gifla c h i i n g vdi n a n g s u a t c u a cac gid'ng cho t h a y d i e n tich l a v a h a m Ifldng diep luc co tfldng q u a n c h a t vdi n a n g sua't cay t r d n g , t r o n g dd d i e n t i c h l a la chi so' co h e n q u a n m a t t h i e t vdi n a n g s u a t c a y lac h d n so vdi h a m Ifldng d i e p luc (r = 0,98 v a r ^ 0,89).
3 . 4 . N a n g s u a t v a c h i t i e u c a u t h a n h n a n g s u a t c u a m o t s o g i o n g l a c t r o n g t a i T h a n h H o a
Doi vdi cay lac, cac y e u to' ca'u t h a n h n a n g sua't b a o gom: s d q u a chac/cay, k h o i Ifldng 100 q u a , k h d i Ifldng 100 h a t v a t y le lac n h a n .
So' h i e u c u a 10 gio'ng lac t r o n g v u x u a n n a m 2 0 1 3 , 2014, 2 0 1 5 t a i T h a n h H d a t r i n h b a y b b a n g 5 v a 6.
857
Nghien ciiu mot s6 chi tieu sinh ly cua mpt s6 giong lac nang suit cao va thap Irong tai Tlianh Hoa
Bang 5. Cac ySu to cau thanli nang suat cija 10 giong lac trong tai Thanh Hoa
Gi6ng lac Lgcly LOS L12 L14 L I S L19 L23 L26 Sen lai TB25
Khoi lugng 100 qud (9) 125.00 ± 2 , 2 7 171.00±4,32 141,10 ± 2 , 4 7 160,34 ± 5 , 4 5 179,05 ± 4 , 7 8 164.35 ± 2 , 5 4 159,73 ± 2 , 3 3 183,33 ± 3,04 147,35 ± 1 , 4 9 186,33 ± 7 , 4 2
K h o i l u c n g 100 hat (9) 37,36 ± 1 , 2 4 65,84 ± 0.76 53,58 ± 1 , 3 5 59.40 z 2.43 64,66 ± 0.97 65.86 ± 0,56 57.50 ± 2,25 6 5 , 8 8 - 1 , 3 6 50,60 ± 1 , 6 8 51,68 + 1,72
Ty le lgc nhan
(%)
59,04 X 2,42 71.06 ± 0 . 9 5 70.95 ± 2.38 71,74 ± 3 . 4 5 72.32 ± 1 , 8 7 71.53 r 3,51 69,76 ± 1 . 2 7 73,15 ± 1 , 2 1 63.58 ± 2,67 78.07 - 2,74
s d qua chic/cSy 10.14 ± 2 . 1 7 16.32 ± 2 , 8 5 11.78 ± 2 , 5 5 14,68 ± 2.30 17,09 ± 2 . 4 9 14.20 X 3,09 15.87 ± 3 . 0 6 18,75 1 1 , 2 7 14,00 ± 1 . 6 6 17.69 T 3.40
Bang 6. Nang sua't cua 10 gid'ng lac trong tai Thanh Hoa
Giong lac L^cly LOS L12 L14 L18 L I 9 L23 L26 Sen lai TB25
Nam 2013 2,34 ± 0,09 3,05 ± 0 . 1 2 2,42 ± 0 , 1 7 2,97 ± 0,05 3.31 ± 0,21 3,18 ± 0 . 1 3 2 , 7 S ± 0 , 0 7 3.54 ± 0 . 1 0 2,59 ± 0 , 1 2 3,25 ± 0,20
Nang suat thirc thu (I<g/10m2) Nam 2014
2.20 + 0,11 3.11 ± 0 , 0 5 2,30 + 0,03 2.83 ± 0 , 1 5 3.27 ± 0 , 1 3 3,12 ± 0 . 2 4 3 . 1 4 x 0 , 1 6 3,62 + 0,08 2,49 ± 0,05 3,29 ± 0 , 1 2
Nam 2015 2,39 ± 0 . 1 7 3,15 = 0.15 2.58 + 0,09 3,05 ± 0,05 3.26 ± 0.07 3 . 2 9 - 0 . 1 1 3,16 ± 0 . 1 3 3,85 = 0,21 2 . 9 6 ^ 0 , 1 1 3 , 9 6 x 0 , 1 4
Tmng binh 2,31 xO.11 3 , 1 0 x 0 . 0 5 2,43 ± 0 , 1 5 2,95 + 0.10 3.28 ± 0.03 3.20 + 0,09 3,03 ± 0 . 1 3 3,67 ± 0 . 1 8 2,68 ± 0,28 3,50 ± 0,36
Nang su§t quy doi (tan/ha)
2,31 3,10 2.43 2.95 3.28 3,20 3.03 3,67 2.68 3,50
Ndng suat iy t h u y ^
1,9-2,6 3.2-3,5 3.0-3.5 4,0-4,5 5,5-7,0 3,5-4,0 4,5-5,5 4,5-5,4 1,&-2,4 4,0-4.5
So Ueu bang 5 va 6 cbo tha'y co sfl khac nhau ro ret ve cac yeu to' cd'u thanh nang sua't cua cac gidng. Mgt sd gidng c6 ty le lac nhan cao nhfl L26 dat 73.15% va TB25 dat 78,07%. Cac gio'ng nay deu cho nang suat tfldng doi cao, trong do gidng L26 dat 3,67 tan/ha va TB25 dat 3,50 tan/ha. Ngugc lai mgt so^ gidng nhfl lac ly, sen lai, Ll2 cd ty le lac nhan tha'p, sd qua chdc/cay it hdn va dan tdi nang sua't cudi cung deu d mflc thd'p. Lac Ij dat nang suat tha'p nha't vdi 2,31 tan/ha, tiep theo la gidng L12 dat 2,43 tah/ha va sen lai dat 2,68 ta'n/ha. Ket qua nay phu hgp vdi nghien cflu cua Nguyin Thi Thanh Hai vacs. (2011).
Dua vao so' Ueu trong bang 5 va 6, sii dung phUdng phap phan tich phflttog sai (Molotov.
1966) da phan nhom cac gidng lac theo nang suat nhfl sau: nhdm nang sua't cao: L26, TB25:
nhom nang suat trung binh: Ll8. LOS. L14, L19, L23; nhom nang sua't tha'p: Lac ly, L12, Sen lai.
4. KET LUAN
Ket qua thi nghiem da phan nhdm dUdc cac gio'ng lac theo nang suat (3 nhom): nhom nang sua't cao: L26, TB25 (gidng L26: 3.67 tan/ha, TB25: 3,50 tan/ha), nhdm nang sua't thap: lac ly, L12, sen lai (gid'ng lac ly: 2,31 taii/ha, L12: 2,43 ta'n/ha, sen lai: 2,68 ta'n/ha), cac gid'ng cdn lai
Le Van Trgng, Nguyin Nhu Khanh, Vu Thi Thu Hien
thudc nhdm nang sua't trung binh. Cac gid'ng c6 nang suat cao cung ddng nghia cac chi tieu sinh ly cao hon, thd hign qua gia tri tfldng quan (r) gifla cac chi tieu sinh ly va nang sud't b giai doan ra hoa rg - dam tia (cfldng do quang hgp, r = 0,97; chd't kho tich luy, r = 0,85; cfldng do thoat hdi nfldc, r = 0,76; do ddn khi khdng, r = 0,80; dien tich la, r = 0,98; ham lUdng diep luc, r = 0,89).
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