NGHIEN C L T X A C DINH MAT DO TRONG P H O HOP CHO MOT SO GIONG NGO SINH KHOI TAI TINH QUANG BINH
Nguyen Quoc Manh', Ha Van Gioi .Dao Hflu Hoang', Duong Minh VUdng^, Xguyen .Manh Hiini;', Vio S^oc Anh' TOM TAT
Nghien cflu nham xac dinh mat dp phu hop cho mdt so gidng ngd sinh khdi. Thi nghiem tien hdnh vdi 4 mat dp trong: 6,6 van cay/ha (khoang each 60 . 25 em), 7,9\'an cay ha (khoang cdch 60 >; 21 cm), 9.3 van cay/ha (khoang each 60 >. 18 em) 11,1 van cay/ha (khoang each 60 « 15 cm). Nghien cflu tien hanh ddnh gia cae chi tieu smh trfldng phat trien nhfl chieu cao cay. sd la, dfldng kinh than, dfldng kinh bdp, chieu ddi bap va nang suat sinh khdi ciia 3 gidng ngd NK732S, CPU I va TA18-1, trdng hai \-u tren \'ung dat dd vdng eua huyen mien nui Bd Trach, tinh Quang Binh. Ket qud ihi nghiem cho thay d tat ca cae gidng thi nghiem mat do trdng eang cao cho nang suat sinh khdi cdng Idn. Gidng NK732a trong 6 mat dp 9,3 van cdy ha cho nang suat cao nhat, dat 54,47 tan/ha.
Tfl khoa: Nyo sinh khdi, mat dp, nang suat sinh khdi, thflc an xanh I. DAT \AN DE
Ngd cd hdm lUpng dinh dUdng cao, nang sual sinh khdi Idn, de trdng, khdng idn nhieu cdng cham sde vd vdn dau tfl, phu hpp vdi vice trdng lam thflc an xanh cho trau bd. Trong nhflng nam gan day, sd Iflpng ddn trdu bd t^i Vie! Nam ndi chung vd lai cdc tinh mien Trung ndi rieng dflpc phat trien manh me cd quy md chan nudi hp gia dinh den quy md trang irai tap trung dflpc dau tfl cdng ngh^ hien dai bdi cdc tap doan Idn nhfl TH, Vinamilk, Hda Phal, Thadi.
Tinh den het nam 2018, long sd Iflpng bd cd nfldc d^t tren 5,S tri?u eon. trong dd bao gom 294 nghin bd sfla; sd Iflpng trdu dat tren 2,4 trieu con (Tong cue Thdng ke X'iet Nam. 2019). Cung vdi viec phdt trien manh dan trdu bd, nhu cau ve thflc an xanh tfl trong ngd sinh khdi va cae lo?i cd ciJng gia tang manh me.
Gidng va mat dd trdng la mpt trong nhflng veu td quan trpng dnh hfldng den qua trinh sinh trfldng phal trien vd nang suat sinh khdi eua ngd lam thflc dn xanh. Nghien cflu tai Wisconsin. Hoa Kycho thav ngd dat nang suat sinh khdi cao nhat khi trdng d mat dp tu 9,7 van den 10,2 van cjy/ha (Cusicanqui and Lauer, 1999). Cac nghien cflu tai Iran khuyen cao trdng ngd sinh khdi 6 mat dp 9 van den 10 van cay/ha cho ndng suat cao vd gid tri dinh dfldng tot nhat (Haddadi and Mohseni, 2016; Baghdadi et ai, 2016);
trong khi dd tai Canada mat trong ngd sinh khdi phu hpp la 10 van edy/ha (Baron et ai, 2006; Stanton et ai, 2007).
Nghien cflu tren ba gidng ngd lai NK7328, NK67 va t PSSS khuyen cdo ngfldi ddn trdng ngd thu sinh khdi vdi gidng NK732S d mat dp 7,1 van cay/ha ' \1?n Nghien cflu Ngd
-Trung Tam Khao Kiem nghiem Giong, san pham cay irong va phan bon Qudc cia
(khoang each 70 x 20 em) tren vung dait nhiem ph^n tai thanh pho Hd Chi Minh cho nang suat sinh khdi cao nhat {hdn 50 tan/ha) (Le Thi Nghiem vd ctv., 2017). Tai moi vimg trdng ngd, ngfldi trdng ngd sinh khdi can cd nhflng khuyen cdo ehi tiet ve gidng vd mat dp trdng dfla tren dieu kien dat dai, khi hau cu the tai mdi dia phfldng. Chinh vi vay thi nghiem
"Nghien cflu xac dinh mat dp trdng phu hdp cho mpl sd gidng ngd sinh khdi tai tinh Qudng Binh"
dfldc tien hanh nham mue dich xde dinh mat dp trdng phu hpp cho tflng gidng ngd de dat ndng suat sinh khdi cao nhat phu hpp cho tinh Qudng Binh.
II. VAT LIEU VA PHUONG PHAP NGHIEN CUtJ 2.1. Vat lieu nghien cflu
Vat lieu nghien cflu gdm: gidng ngo VI (NK7328), V2 (CPIU) vd V3 (TA18-1). Giong NK7328 cua cong ty Syngenta Viet Nam va gidng C P l l l cua Cong ty TNHH Hat giong CP Viet Nam nhap ndi tfl Thai Lan, dflpc Ifla chpn trdng 1dm thflc dn xanh ta. nhieu dia phfldng tren ed nflde. Gidng TAI8-1 la giong ngd lai ddn do Bd mdn Cay thflc dn Chdn nuoi, Vien Nghien cflu Ngd chpn tao, cd tiem ndng n ^ g sua sinh khdi cao, chat Ifldng dinh dfldng tot thich nghi VOI nhieu vung sinh thdi khde nhau.
2.2. Phfldng phdp nghien cflu 2.2,1. Bo tri thi nghiem
Thi nghiem gdm 2 nhan td: eidnp-. . r , ^^ ^ bd tri theo kieu d Idn d nhd (SpM pio d ' ^""^^
nhae lai. Bdn mflc mat dd gdm' M I " ' ' " ' ' ' ^^"
khoang each 60 x 25 cm) M^ J - ' / ' ^ " "^^ha.
khoang cdch 60 - 21 cm, \u <'^\ " • " ^^^^^^' ' ^ '^'^ ^'?n edy/ha.
g nghiep Viet Nam - Sd -U .V20
k h o a n g cdch 6 0 x 18 c m ) va M 4 (11.1 v a n c a y / h a , khoang each 60 » 15 c m ) b o tri v a o d n h d ; 3 gidng:
VI (NK7328), V2 ( C P l l l ) vd V 3 (TA18-1) b d tri vao d Idn. Mdi d thi n g h i e m d u p e gieo 6 h a n g , m d i hang ddi 5 m, dien tich 1 d 18 m ' , hai h d n g gifla d u p e do d e m cdc chi tieu. Mflc p h d n b d n n e n Id 25 tan phdn chudng va 200 kg N : 100 kg Pp.: 100 kg K , 0 . 2.2.2. Cdc chi tieu theo doi
Cdc chi tieu t h e o doi g o m : T h d i gian t r o c6, t u n g phan, p h u n rdu, thdi gian t h u h o a c h (giai d o a n chin sdp doi vdi ngd sinh k h d i ) ; chieu c a o cay, sd la, dfldng kinh than, dfldng k i n h bdp, c h i e u dai b a p ; tinh chong chiu: d o re, d o gdy thdn, ty le n h i e m sau due than, b e n h d d m Id, b e n h k h d van va n d n g suat sinh khoi (thdn, la, b a p x a n h ) .
Cdc chi tieu dflpc d o d e m t h e o Q u y c h u a n ky thudt Q u d c gia ve k h a o n g h i e m gia tri c a n h tdc va sii d u n g cua g i d n g ngd ( Q C V N 0 1 - 5 6 : 2 0 1 1 / BNNPTNT). T h e o ddi 5 cay t r e n 1 d thi n g h i e m , chpn cdy t h e o doi ngau n h i e n , k h d n g c h p n cdy d d a u hay cuoi hdng.
2.2.3. Xti ly so Ueu thong ke
Cdc chi tieu cua thi n g h i e m dfldc t h e o ddi d a n h gia, thu thap, t i n h t o a n b d n g p h a n m e m Excel 2010 vd phan tich phfldng sai b d n g p h a n m e m IRRISTAT 5.0 (Pham Tien D u n g , 2008).
2.3. Thdi g i a n va d i a d i e m n g h i e n cflu
• Thdi gian: Vu H e Thu n a m 2018 va 2019 (ngdy gieo 15/07, ngdy t h u h o a c h 30/09).
- Dia diem: Thi n g h i e m dfldc tien h d n h tai vimg dat do vdng (dat n g h e o d i n h dfldng, da t r d n g cao su nhi^'u ndm, cd p H 5,5 - 6,0) cua h u y e n m i e n n u i Bd Trach, tinh Q u a n g Binh.
III. KET QUA VA THAO LUAN
3.1. D a c d i e m s i n h t r f l d n g va p h a t t r i e n c u a cae giong n g o
Ket qud n g h i e n cflu c h o thay d cdc mflc m a t d p khac nhau k h d n g cd sfl khde biet n h i e u ve t h d i gian tung p h a n , p h u n rau vd t h d i gian t h u h o a c h . Tuy nhien ed sU khde biet cd y n g h i a t h o n g ke gifla cac gidng ve eac d a e d i e m s i n h trUdng phdt t r i e n nd)'.
Gidng V3{TA18-1) cd thdi gian t u n g p h a n (47,3 - 47,7 ngdy sau gieo), p h u n rau (49,7 - 50 ngdy sau gieo), thu hoach (69,3 - 70,7 ngdy sau gieo) s d m n h a t , trong khi d d g i o n g V i cd t h d i gian t h u h o a c h ddi ngdy n h a t (74 ngdy sau gieo) (Bang 1).
Bang I. Anh huong cua mat dp-trdng den dae diem sinh IrUdng \ a phai trien eiia ba gidng ngd trong vu he thu 2018 va 2019, lai Bd Trach, Quang Binh'
Mat d o Gidng Tung p h a n
P h u n rau
Thu hoach (Ngay (Ngdy (Ngay sau gieo) sau gieo) sau gieo) VI 51,3 53,3 74,0 M l V2 50.3 52.7 7.1..^
\ ' 3 47,7 50.0 70,7 VI 51.3 53.3 73,7 M2 V2 50,7 52,7 72,7
\ ' 3 47,3 50,0 70,3 VI 51.7 53,7 74,0 M3 \'2 50.3 52.7 72,7
\ ' 3 47,3 50,0 70.3 VI 51.7 53,7 74.3 M4 \ ' 2 50,3 52,7 72,7
! \ ' 3 47,3 49.7 69,3 i CVf%J 1,20 1,60 0,70 LSD,„.,M-V 1.04 1.40 0.89 Ghi diii:' So lieu trung binh 2 vu Hi Tim 2018 vd 2019.
3.2. D a e d i e m h i n h t h a i c u a c a c g i o n g n g d Bang 2. Anh hUdng ciia mat dp trdng den dae diem hinh thai ciia ba gidng ngd trong vu He Thu 2018.2019
tai Bd Trach, Quang Binh*
Dfldng Dfldng Chieu Mat . ^ , Sd kinh kinh ddi |
d o ( \ ' ^ ' ^ ^ " ''^P '^^P I
^^"^^ __ _ (cm) _ (cm)_ (cmj^
VI 211.5 16,9 2,7 4.6 19,4 ' M l V2 190,6 17.1 2.5 4,8 14,4 '•
V3 197.4 17,3 2,5 4.7 17,6 i VI 209.1 16,5 2.6 4.4 16.4 ' M2 V2 192,6 16,8 2,4 4,8 13,8 ! V3 195,8 17,4 2,4 4.6 15,1 i VI 209,0 16.4 2,3 4,3 15.5 i M 3 V2 192,2 17,1 2.3 4.5 13,6 i V3 198,8 17.3 1,9 4,2 14,1 VI 210,5 16,7 2.2 4,1 14,7 M4 V2 193,5 16.8 2,1 4.2 13,3 I V3 199,2 17,1 1,8 3,9 13,6 I CV(%) 0,70 3,20 4.00 !.0 2.70
LSD„,„,\1-V 2.45 0.93 0.16 0,76 0.70 Ghi chii: • So lieu trung binh 2 vu He Thu 2018 vd 2019
Khi tang mM dd trdng tu muc M1 len .N14 chieu 3.4. Nang suat sinh khoi
• ^ ca, va so la 6 mo, gjong ng" " ^ " ^ S / o ^ ' h ^ y - , , ^ „ . , ^ ^ ^ ^^..^,, ,^^,, , , „ „ „ ,rong do, nh,eu. G,o„g N 1 INK. .2.1 - * ^ " ° '™ ,1lc Ida chpn cac gion. ngo trong i L .h.ic an xanh nhat, trung binh cao 210 cm, trong khi do giong \,> . , , „ . , ' , ? . . '' , , ... ..i,; tine n .A 8- CO so a nhieu nhat. dao dong Mjng quann . , . . ^ , . . , , ° , . , . ,,h khoi 17,1 den r , 4 la. Khong nhU chieu cao cay va sd la, •"*''','?'™ng" - " ^ Ml len M3 nang suat s.nh Uio, du6ng kinh than, daing kinh bSp, chieu dai bjp co <^^ ^'\= &o"S "go deu tang, tuy „h,en o nguon xu hfldng giam dan khi tang mat dp trdng len, mat mat dp M4, nang suat sinh khdi lai gi.ini. Dieu nay dp trdng eang thfla, cae gidng cdng cho bap ddi hdn; « the ly giai do mUe phdn nen khdng dap ung du dfldng kinh bap vd dfldng kinh thdn Idn hdn. Gidng cho nhu cau ngd trdng d mat dp cao. can cung cap V2 (CPlll) ed dfldng kinh bdp Idn nhat dao ddng Ifldng dinh dfldng nhat dinh de sinh trfldng phat xungquanh4,2den4,8em.lrongkhiddgidngVlcd trien vd cho ndng suat cao. Ngodi ra thi dac tinh dudng kinh thdn va chieu ddi bdp cao nhat, khde biet giong, sU canh tranh ve nude vd dnh sdng cung anh cdy nghia thdngkesovoi hai gidng cdn lai (Bang 2). hudng den nang suat sinh khdi cua ngd khi trdng 6
„ , ,,.. . . , - , . . . . - - mat dd qua cao. Qua bane 4 cung cho thay gidng VI 3.3. Kha nang chong ehiu cua cac giong ngo '""' ""^ "1" ^ ^ - , , , ' . , v
trdne d mat do M3 cho nang suat sinh khoi cao nhat Qua ket qud bang 3 cho thav ca ba giong ngo Ihi _ _ ''^ .. \. , ' , , . , . . , • • i,- ,i •• i - -,- 1 - .- . • - . L- '• I- • • U-' • 3^'47 tdn/ha), khac biet eo y nghia thong ke so vdi nghiem deu b] sau due than gav hai va nhiem cac ' ^ . ' . / o o benh ddm la, khd vdn d ngd vdi cdc mflc dp khde ^ ^ S'^'^S ^ ° " '^'•
nhau. \'e cd ban thi cac gidng ngd trdng d mat dp Bang 4. Anh hfldng cua mat dp trdng den nang suat cao hdn se cd khd nang nhiem b^nh nang hdn sd vdi sinh khdi ciia ba gidng ngd trong vu he thu 2018, 2019 mat dp trdng thap. tuy nhien ket qua trong nghien tai Bd Trach, Qudng Binh*
d u lai cho thay yeu to mat do khong tac dpng nhieu ^,., j , - - ^^^ ^.^ j ^ , . (,,_^^^^j den mflc dd nhiem b?nh cua ca ba giong ngo. Trong — _ — dd, gidng \ ' l cd ty le nhiem benh ddm la nang nhat.
d mat dp M2 gidng ed mflc dp nhiem d diem 3.7. ddi vdi benh khd vdn gidng \'3 cd ty le nhiem cao nhat trung binh d mflc 2,2%. Trong dieu kien trdng \Ta he thu, eac gidng sinh trfldng phdt trien tdt vd ed bd de chdn kieng khde nen khdng bi do gay than.
Mat dp
Ml
. \ i :
.\13
,\u
Bang 3. iMuc do sau benh. do gay ciia ba giong 6 bon mile mat do trong'
Giong
VI
v:
V3 VI
\':
V3 VI V2\"3 VI V2 V3 CV(%l LSD, o..\l'V
Sau due than (Diem 1-5)
2.0 2.0 1.3 2,3 2.0 2,0 2,7 1.3 1.7 2.0 2.7 2.3 50.3 1.77
Dom la (Diem
1-5) 2.0 2.3 2.3 3.7 1.7 1.3 2,7 2,7 1,3 2,0 2,7 2,7 2.79 I.W
Kho
(%)
1.3 2,7 2,0 2,7 1,7 3,0 1,0 2,0 1,3 2.0 1.0 1.7 46,8 l.!5
Do gay
(%)
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
M l
M2
,M3
M4 VI V2 V3 VI V2 V3 VI V2 V3 VI V2 V3 Trung binh CV(%) I,SD„„, Glli chu:
W V
*So/ieu(ri(npb 50,13 47,53 49,33 51,23 48,70 49,67 54,47 52,93 53,67 51,53 48,43 50,23 50,66 1,20 1.09
Svd2019.
IV. KET LUAN VADE NGHI 4.1. Ket luan
Mat dp tro^ng khong anh huong nhiiu den cac dac diem smh trudng va phat tnen ciia ^ r - ngo nhvl thai gian lung phan, phun rau ,1," .^'""^
thu hoach. ^ " ™ . thoigian Ba giong ngo XK7328, CPl
TA18-1 lr6„
C/iifliN.'SoliVuminj(im/i2vuHc7)m20ISva20J9. mat dp phii hop nhat la 9,3 van cay/h I, '""""K *
'-•gntep Viet Nam - Sd •!( / ' 3 ' .'020 sinh khdi cao n h a t , dat 5 4 , 4 / ; 52,93 vd 53,67 t a n / h a
tfldng flng.
Gidng N K 7 3 2 8 c h o n d n g suat s i n h k h o i c a o n h a t , dat 54,47 t d n / h a d mdt d p t r o n g 9,3 v a n cay/ha.
4.2. De n g h i
Tai vflng dat dd v a n g cua t i n h Q u a n g B i n h , gidng ngd NK7328 vdi m a t t r o n g 9,3 van cdy/ha cho n a n g sudl sinh khdi c a o n h a t . p h u h d p t r o n g l a m thflc an chan nudi cho t r a u bd. D d i vdi thdi \ai n i u d n , cd the Ifla c h p n giong n g d TA18-1 cd n a n g suat tflOng dfldng, thdi gian sinh trfldng ngdn h o n 3 d e n 5 ngdy.
L O I C A M O N
N h d m nghien cflu xin c h a n t h d n h edm d n C o n g ty T N H H C h a n nudi H d a Phat Q u d n g B i n h da tao inpi dieu kien vd h o t r p k i n h p h i d e thflc hien thi nghi?m ndy
TAlLlfiU THAM KHAO
Le Thi Nghiem, Nguyen Phfldc T r u n g , Nguyen Phfldng, Dfldng Thi H o d n g Van, P h a n C o n g N h d n , Vd Tfl Hda, 2017. Anh hfldng eiia gidng, khoang cdch trdng den nang suat ngd sinh klidi tren vung dat nhiem phen tai thanh pho Hd Chi Minh. Tap chi KH vd CN Nong Nghiep Viet Nam, 5 (78): 53-58.
Pham Tien Dung. 2008. Tliiet ke thi nghiem vd xii ly ket qud bdng phdn mem thdng ke IRRISTAT. NIKI xuat ban Dai Hpc Ndng Nghiep Ha Ndi.
Q C V N 0 1 - 5 6 : 2 0 i r B N N P T N T . Quy chuan ky thudt Quoc gia ve khao nghiem gid trj canh tac va sfl dung ciia gidng ngd.
Tong cue Thdng ke, 2019. So hen thong ke - Danh sdch.
truy cap ngay 1/4/2020. Dia chi: http://\vww g.so.go\
vn/default.aspx?tabid=717.
Baghdadi, A., M. H a l i m , a n d M. Majidian, 2016. Corn silage quaht)' response to crop planting density.
Baron, \'., H. Najda, and F. Stevenson, 2006. Intluence of population density, row spacing and hybrid on forage corn yield and nutritive value in a cool-season enwronment. Canadian Journal of Plant Science. 86:
1131-1138. doi: 10.4141/P05-136,
Cusicanqui, J.A.. a n d J.G. Lauer, 1999. Plant Density and Hybrid Influence on Corn Forage Yield and Quality. Agronomy Journal, 91 (6): 911-915. doi:
10.2134/agronjl999.9I6911x.
H a d d a d i , .M.H., a n d M. Mohseni, 2016. Plant Density Effect on Silage Yield of Maize Cultivars.
Stanton, D., A. Grombacher, R. Pinnisch, H. Mason, a n d D. Spaner, 2007. Hybrid and population density affect yield and quality of silage maize in central Alberta. Canadian Journal of Plant Science, 87. doi:
10.4141/CIPS06024.
Identification of planting density for biomass maize varieties
Nguyen Quoc Manh, Ha Van Gioi, Dao Huu Hoang, Duong Mmh \'uont;, Nguyen Manh Hung, Dao Ngoc Anh Abstract
The study aimed to identify suitable planting density for biomass maize varieties. The experiments were carried out with4 different planting densities, including 66,000; 73,000; 93.000 and ll.iOO plants/ha. Tlie major morphological characteristics such as plant height, number of leaves, stem diameter, length and diameter of ear, and biomass yield of three hybrid maize varieties NK732S, C P l l l , TA 18-1 cultivated m the autumn of 2018 and 2019 in Bo Trach, Quang Binh. Tlie results showed that increasing planting density from 66.000 plants/ha to 93,000 plants/ha resulted in increasing the biomass yield. Tlie hybrid variety- NK7328 had the highest biomass yield (54.47 lons/ha) at planting density of 93,000 plants/ha.
Keywords: Biomass maize variety, planting density, biomass yield, green forage Ngdy n h a n bdi: 10/4/2020
Ngdy p h a n bien: 2 0 / 4 / 2 0 2 0
Ngfldi p h d n bien: PGS. TS. Nguyen H u y H o a n g Ngdy duyet d a n g : 2 9 / 4 / 2 0 2 0
. \ N H H U O N G C I A LIEU L U p X G P H A N B O N , MAT D O GIEO DEN SINH T R U O X G \ . \ N A N G SUAT S I N H K H d l
CUA HAI G I O N G N G O CS71 VA N K 7 3 2 8
Kieu .Vuan Dam'. Nguyen Quang Minh'. Kiou Qu-ini; I-"?"' TOM T . 4 T
Trong vy Thu Ddng 2019 tai hai huyen Dan Phupng va Ba \"i - Ha Ndi da tien hdnh danh gid dnh hudng cua lieu lupng phdn bdn, mai dp gieo den khd nang sinh IrUdng. nang suat sinh khdi cua hai gidng ngd sinh khoi CS71
\.i NK:.I2S. Thi nghiem danh gia anh hfldng eua ba mflc phan bdn (140 kg N + 100 kg P,0, + 120 kg K,0)/ha;
(160 kg N • 120 kg P.O. - 140 kg K.O)/ha; (180 kg N -140 kg P.O - 160 kg K,0)/ha ciuig nen 2500 kg phdn hiiu cd vi sinh Sdng Gianh/ha va 5 mJi dp trdng (9 S. S.3: 7.6; 6.9; 6,4 van cay/ha). Cae thi nghiem dflpc bd tri theo kieu d Idn, d nhd vdi ba lan nhdc lai. Cae mUc phan bdn va mat dd khac nhau da anh hfldng khac nhau den thdi gian thu sinh khdi, ndng suat smh khoi va ty' sudt loi nhu^n eua hai giong. Thdi gian thu sinh khdi cua gidng ngd CS71 va NK7328 kco dai tfl I den 3 ngay khi tang lupng phan bon. Gidng ngd CS71 cho nang suat sinh khoi vd ty suat Ipi nhuan cao nhat d cd hai dja diem, vdi Iflpng phan bon cho mot ha la 2500 kg phan hflu cd vi sinh + 180 kg N + 140 kg P,0^ + 160 kg K,0 khi gieo d mdt dp 8.3 van cay/ha (60 • 20an). Gidng ngdNK7328 cho nang sual sinh klidi vd ty suat Ipi nhuan cao nhat d cd hai dja diem vdi Iflpng phan bdn cho 1 ha Id 2500 kg phan hflu co vi sinh + 160 kg N + 120 kg P,0 + 140 kg K,0 khi gieo d mat dp 8.3 v^n cdy/ha (60 - 20 cm).
Tfl khoa; Gidng ngd, nang suat sinh khoi. smh trfldng. ty sudt loi nhuan I . D A T V A N D I -
Trdng CAC bi^n phdp canh tac thi mat dp. lieu Iflpng phdn bdn la hai yOu td dnh hfldng Idn nhat den ndng sual sinh khdi cua ngd. Mat dd trdng ngd hen quan eh$t che den ndng suat (Ahniadi et ai, 1993). Ddi vdi ngd lay hat, mat dp trdng thu dfldc ndng suat h^t \di hi^u qua kinh te cao nhat thfldng trong khoang 30.000 - 90.000 cdy/ha {Sangoi, 2001).
Pepper (1974) cho ring, khi tang mat dd trdng se thue day vice sfl dung nang iflpng bflc xa mat trdi bdi Idn Id ngd. Trdng dieu kien cung cap nflde va dinh dfldng tdi flu, mat dd cao sc tang sd bdp tren ddn vi di^n tich vd nhfl vay tang nang suat hat (Ayisi, K K and Poswall. M .XL-, 1997). Trdng ngd sinh khdi thfldng dflpc khuyen cdo trdng ddy hdn so vdi trong ngd Idy h^t. Mat dp trong ngd sinh khdi u chua phu thupe vdo gidng va do phi cua dat.
TIico Roth (2001). tiji Bang Pennsylvania (My), quy trinh trdng ngd sinh khdi dflpc khuyen cao khoang 6,5 - 10.0 \'an cay/ha. Theo Le Quy Kha va Le Quv Tfldng (2019), khi tang mat dd Ifl 6.0 - 22 van edy'ha vd dam tang tfl 0 - 400 kg N/ha thi tang nang sudt chdt khd, ADF (Acid Detergent Fiber - chat xd khdng hod tan trong acid) tang, nhflng sd la/eav, dfldng kinh thdn, ty le hal/edy giam Lflpng dam cd d ironi; ddt dnh hfldng nhieu hdn den nang suat sinh khdi ^o vdi mat dd trdng thdp. Theo Rosser (2016).
khuven cao mflc phdn bdn nhfl sau 201,73 kg N ha, 12S.9 kg P.OJha. 291 k% K,0/ka. 6 \'ict Nam chfla ed nhieu cdng trinh nghien cflu ve lieu Iflpng phdn bdn cho ngd sinh khdi dflpc cdng bd. Trong Bai vici
nay trinh bay nhflng ket qua nghien cflu dnh hfldng cua lieu Ifldng phdn bdn, mat dp gieo trong den sinh trfldng va nang suat sinh khdi cua hai gidng ngd CS71 vaNK7328.
II. VAT LIEU VA PHUONG P H A P NGHIEN ClTU 2.1. Vat lieu nghien cflu
N'di lieu nghien cflu la hai gidng ngd da dflOc tuyen chpn Id CS71 vd NK7328. Trong do. CS71 la giong ngd lai don ciia Vien Nghien cflu Ngd; NK7328 la gidng ciia Cdng ty TNHH Syngenta Viet Nam.
2.2. Phfldng phap nghien cflu 2.2.1. B6 tri thi nghiem
Thi nghiem dfldc bo tri theo kieu d Idn - d nho (Split - plot), L5 cdng thflc vdi 3 lan nhae lai.
bao gom 2 thi nghiem, cac mflc lieu Ifldng phdn bdn dfldc chpn Id d Idn, cdc khoang each, mat dd .eo dupe c h p n l a d nhd. Dien tich I d id ^ m ' nT Md "n ' : v ' " ^ "'^^ ^'^^ ^ - 1^" n l ^ - 1- '^
60 m S.od" ' t ' • " ' ''"S^^- '^^"g - ^ h hang t.eu theo ddi dupe thflc hien i^ , ^Z ' ^ ' Xung quanh thi nghiem cd b.ng bdo 4 T-' " - "
bang trdng 2 hdng ngd. ^' "^'^"^ ''^"g Lieu Iflpng phdn lot: 2 500 kg hflnr.
Gianh chuyen diing cho ngdThdn. 1 ' ' ' " ^ Sdng 30%; hflu Cd 15%; P 0 hh 1 50 A . Ph3": do am - •• - '^''•^^'dHum.c2,5%;
""8^'Sinh vat hflu Trung lflangCa,Mg,S; Cac chili
ieh3x 106CFU/g) ' \'ien Nghic-n cflu Ngd
Tap chiKhoa hoc Ccn, \c''g nghtep\ietNoni- Lieu lfl<?ng phan vd cd eho 1 ha gdm 3 mflc: PB1:
140 Kg N -100 Kg P,05 -120 Kg K,0; PB2: 160 Kg N - 120 Kg P.O, - 140 kg K,0 (N: P , b , : K,0 - 1 : 0,75 : 0.88); PB3: 180 Kg N -"l40 Kg P,0 - 160 Kg K,0 (N: P , 0 , : K,0 - 1: 0,78 : 0,89). Mat dd, khodng cdch gieo trdng gdm 5 mflc: Ml: 60 x 17 cm tfldng flng 9,8 van edy/ha; M2: 60 x 20 em tfldng flng 8,3 van cdy/ha; M3: 60 x 22 cm tfldng flng 7,6 van edy/ha;
M4: 60 X 24 em tfldng flng 6,9 van cdy/ha; M5: 60 x 26 cm tfldng ling 6,4 van edy/ha.
2.2.2. Chi tieu theo dot
Cae ehi tieu theo ddi tien hanh theo Quy chuan k\' thudt Qudc gia ve khdo nghiem gid tri canh tac vd sfl dung cua gidng ngd QCVN 01 -56:2011/BNNPTNT cua Bp Ndng nghiep va Phdt trien nong thdn (2011).
2.2.3. PhUdngphdp xii ly so lieu
Cdc sd lieu dflpc xu ly thong ke Posthoc test theo ph^p kiem dinh LSD {Least Significant Difference) va phan tich theo ehfldng trinh IRRISTAT 5.0.
2.3. Thdi gian va dia diem vd thdi gian nghien cflu Nghien cflu dflpc thflc hien trong vu Thu Ddng Bang 1. Ihdi gian chin sdp (thu hoach sinh klidi)
(tfl thdng 8 den thing 12 nam 2019) l?i xa Win Hda - Ba M vd xa Trung Chdu - Dan Phfldng - Ha Ndi III. KET QUA \'A THAO LU.\N
3.1. Thdi gian thu hoach sinh khoi cua hai gidng ngd vu Thu Ddng 2019
Qua bdng sd lieu 1 eho thay, ddi vdi gidng ngd CS71. tai Dan Phflpng, thdi gian tfl gieo den chin sdp cua cdc cdng thflc bien ddng tfl 86 - 89 ngdy Nhfl vay, khi tang Iflpng phdn bdn thi thdi gian tfl gieo den chin sdp keo dai tfl 1 - 3 ngdy Tai Ba Vi thdi gian tfl gieo den chin sap cua cdc cdng thflc bien dgng tfl 90 - 92 ngdy, khi tang Ifldng phdn hdn thi thdi gian tfl gieo den chin sap keo ddi tfl 1 - 2 ngdy.
Ket qua theo ddi gidng ngd NK7328 eho thay, tai Dan Phflpng. thdi gian tfl gieo den chin sdp eua eac cdng thflc bien ddng tfl 97 - 99 ngdy (tai Ba Vi).
Nhfl vay, khi tang Iflpng phdn bdn thi thdi gian tfl gieo den chin sdp keo ddi tfl 1 - 3 ngdy. Tai Ba VI, thdi gian tfl gieo den chin sdp cua cdc cdng thflc bien ddng tfl 93 - 96 ngdy, klii tang liidng phdn bdn thi thdi gian tfl gieo den chin sap keo dai tfl 1 - 3 ngdy.
ua hai giong ngd lai tai 2 diem vu Thu Ddng 2019
"^ — - NK7328 I TT Cdng thflc Ba Vi
. (j'gdy)_
i PBIMI 90 2 PB1M2 90 3 PB1M3 90 4 PBIM4 91 5 PB1M5 91 6 PB2M1 91 7 PB2M2 91 8 , PB2M3 91 9 PB2M4 91 10 PB2M5 91 11 PB3M1 91_
12 • PB3M2 9j.
13 PB3M3 92 14 PB3M4 92 15 PB3M5 92
Dan PhUdng (ngdy)
87 87 87 86 86 88 88 87 87 87 89 89 88 88 88
T T 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
Cong thijlc P B I M I PB1M2 PB1M3 PBl.NH PB1M5 PB2M1 PB2M2 PB2M3 PB2M4 PB2M5 PB3M1 PB3M2 PB3M3 PB3M4 PB3M5
Bo Vi (ngdy}
97 97 97 97 97 98 98 98 98 98 99 99 99 99 99
Dan PhUd (ngdy)
94 94 94 93 93 95 95 94 94 94 96 96 95 95 95 3.2. Anh hfldng cua Ueu ifldng phan bdn va mat
dp gieo trdng den nang suat sinh khoi va hieu qua kinh te cua giong ngd CS71
Ket qud theo ddi tai Dan Phflpng dflpc trinh bdy d bang 2 eho thay: Cdng thflc PB3M2 cho ndng suat sinh khdi cao nhat (60,65 tan/ha), tiep den cdng thflc PB2M4 (56.53 tan/ha); PB2M2 (56,36 tan/ha).
Phdn tich rieng yeu td phdn bdn: Khi bdn d mflc cao nhat (PB3) thi eho nang suat sinh khoi cao hon
han cdng thflc bdn thap nhat (PBl) vd tfldng dfldng cdng thflc PB2 (LSD^^^^^ 2,53). Phdn tich rieng yeu td mat dp: Khi gieo d mat do 8,3 van cdy/ha (M2) thi cho nang suat sinh khdi cao hdn han ede mat dp con lai (-LSD^,^, =: 3,27). Hieu qud kinh te la ty suat Ipi nhuan dfldc tinh bdng ty le phan tram eua Ipi nhuan so vdi tong doanh thu. Cae cdng thflc cho ty suat Ipi nhuan cao Id PB3M2 (27,64%); tiep den la PB2M4 (26.32%); PB2.\12 (24,24%); PB1M2 (23,35%).
to en, Khxi hoc Ci-g -j-f V;-j -j-gr'.j-'.jm-So 4r HI 20J0
Bang 2. .\nh hucfng tziia lieu luang phan bon vi mat d? gieo trong den nine sual smh khiii va hieu qua kinh le' cua giong ngo CS71 ™ Thu Dong 2019
rT
1 2 3 4 5 6
/
s
9 10 11 12 1 3
C o n g thiic
PBl.Ml PB1M2 PBI.\13 PB1.M4 PB1M5 PB2M1 PB2M2 PB2.\13 1'I12M1 IM12M3 PB3M1 l'H3M2 PB3M3
Dan P h u o n g Sdng sudtsiiili
khdi (Idn hill
48,89 54,15 51,94 4.'i.3,S 46,68 52,11 56,36 4:..S7 56,53 50,l)S 54,66 60,65 53,81
Ty sudt Idi iihudn
12,68 23.35 21,11 I6.3S 14,12 15,sn 24,24 11,90 26,32 17,57 17,54 27,64 19.42
B a \ i Sdng sudistnll
khoi (tdn/ha)
56.79 .58.18 54.63 51,54 56,32 60,03 55,40 54,63 58,49 5.S.24 50,46 63,54 53,40
Ty sudt Idi iiluidn
24,83 28,66 24.98 21,51 28,82 26,90 22,93 22,80 2.5,79 29,20 10,6S 30.93 18,79
T T
1 4 15 Tuong
t a c
Phan h o n
M a i d o
C o n g thiic
PB3M4 PB3M5
ISA,,,
CV(%) P B l P B 2 P B 3 LSD,,,
M l M 2 M 3 M 4 M5 LSD,,,,
D a n Phuijng Ndng sudt sinh
klidi (Imi/ha)
51,60 51,44 5,66
6 , 5 50,00 52,59 54,43 2,53 51,89 57,05 51,21 52,17 49,40 3,27
Ty siirtf Idi nhudn
16,99 17.43
B a i Sang siidtsinli
klidi (tioi/ha)
48,30 54.~,5 5,6.S 6 , / 55,49 57,36 54,10 2,54 55,76 59,04 54,22 52,78 56,45 3,27
T IVsudt
1(11 nliiidii
11,31 22,47
3.2. Anh hfldng eua lieu lupng phan bdn vd mat dd gieo trdng den nang suat sinh khoi vd hieu qua kinh Ic eua gidng ngd NK7328
J e n
Cong thijc
PBIMI PB1.\12 PB1.\15 PB1M4 PB1M5 PB2M1 PB2M2 PB2.M3 PB2M4 PB2.\15 PB3M1 PB3M2 PB3.\I3
Bang 3, Anh huong cua lieu lilt Ling su.ll sinh khoi va hieu qua kinh
Dan Ph .Niiiii,.
iiiiilsiiili khdi (tdn/lui)
52.93 54,94 50,00 50,00 56, r 50,77 62,55 46,76 56,94 45,99 49,54 52,62 51,39
UOng Ty sudt
loi nhiiaii
C'.i) 19,35 2 4 4 5 18.04 19,09 2S.63 1.5,57 31.52 9,81 26,86 10,24 9.01 16,60 15,62
Ba Vi .Viiiii,' sudt sinh
klidi (liin-iui)
51.23 53,09 5S,95 56,79 59.41 47.S4 67.13 52,16 62,50 59,57 58,95 60,03 56,48
Tv sunt Idi nhudn
(%)
16,68 21,S2 30,48 2S "6 32.53 8.2s 36.40 19,15 33.36 30.70 23,54 26.89 23.22
ng phan bon va mat do gieo trong te ciid giong ngo NK7328 vu Thu Dong
T T
14 15 Tuong
t a c
Phan b o n
•Mat do
Cong thtic
PB3M4 PB3M5 LSD,,,, CV (%)
P B l P B 2 P B 3 I.SD,,.
M l
•M2 M3 M4 M 5
Dan Phiitfng Ndng sudt sinh
klidi (tdn/liaj
56,64 52,47 6,03 6 , 9 52,81 52,56 52,53 2,70 51,08 56,62 49,38 54,53 51,54 3,JS
Ty sudt Idi nhudn
(%)
24,36 19,05
2019 Ba Vi Ndng sudt sinh
khdi (tdn/ha)
65,74 57,10 7,67 8,0 55,90 57,84 59,66 3.43 52,68 60,08 55.86 61,68 58,69
Ty sudt' Idi nhudn
(%)
34,84 25,62
j
11 \
1Ket qua theo ddi tai Dan Phflpng dflpc trinh bdy d bang 3 chd thay: Cd sfl anh hfldng cua phdn bdn va mat dp den nang suat sinh khoi. Cf cdng thflc PB2M2 cho ndng suat sinh khdi cao nhat (62.35 tan/ha), tiep den cdng thflc PB2M4 (56,94 tan/ha); PB3M4 (56,64 tdn/ha). Phdn tich rieng yeu td phdn bdn, gifla eac mflc phdn bdn khde nhau da khdng dnh hfldng den ndng suat sinh khdi (150^^^= 2,70). Phan tich rieng yeu td mat dp. khi gieo 6 mdt dp 8,3 van cdy/ha (M2) ndng suat sinh khdi cao hdn han cdc mat dp eon lai.
Khi gieo d mat dp 6,9 van cdy/ha (M4) cho ndng suit sinh khdi cao hdn d mat dp 7,4 van cay/ha {M3) va tflPng dfldng eac mat do eon lai {LSD = 3,48).
Cdc cdng thflc cho ty suat Ipi nhuan cao Id PB2M2 (31,52%); tiep den la PB1M5 (28,63%); PB2M4 (26,86%); PB1M2 (24,45%) vd PB3M4 (24,36%).
IV. KET LUAN
Gidng ngd sinh khdi CS71 tai tieu vung sinh thai Dan Phflpng vd Ba Vi gieo trong d mat dp 8,3 van cdy/ha (60>t 20 cm) vd Iflpng phdn bdn cho mpt ha la 2300 kg phdn hflu cO vi sinh Sdng Gianh + 180 kg N +140 kg P,0^ + 160 kg Kp eho nang sudt sinh khdi vd ty suat Ipi nhuan cao nhat.
Gidng ngd sinh khdi NK7328 tai tieu vung sinh thdi Dan Phflpng vd Ba Vi khi gieo trdng 6 mat dd 8,3 van cdy/ha (60 x 20 cm) vdi Iflpng phan bdn eho mpt ha Id 2500 kg phdn hflu cd vi sinh + 160 kg N + 120 kg PjO, + 140 kg K,0 chd nang sudt sinh khdi va ty suat Ipi nhudn cao nhat.
Effect of fertilizer doses a n d p l a n t i n g d e n s i t y o n g r o w t h , b i o m a s s yield of h y b r i d m a i z e varieties CS71 a n d N K 7 3 2 8
Kieu Xuan Dam, Nguyen Quang Minh, Kieu Quang Luan Abstract
The effect of fertilizer doses and planting density on growth, development, biomass yield of hybrid maize CS71 and NK7328 was carried out in Autumn Winter crop of 2019, at Ba Vi - Hanoi and Dan Phuong - Hanoi. The field experiments were conducted with three doses of fertilizer (140 kg N + 100 kg P,0_ + 120 kg K,0; 160 kg N + 120 kg P,0j + 140 kg K,0. 180 kg N + 140 kg P.O + 160 kg K,0 per ha on the same basal application of 2500 kg/ha of organic-microbial fertilizer) combined with five planting densities {98; 83; 76; 69; 64 thousand plants per ha). The experiments were arranged in the split-plot design with 3 repetitions. The results showed that fertilizer doses and planting densities affected harvesting biomass time, biomass yield and profit margin of tu'o varieties. The harvesting biomass time of two varieties CS71 and NK7328 lasted from 1 to 3 days along with increasing of fertilizer doses.
At two studied sites, variety CS71 gave the highest biomass yield and profit margin under fertilizing of 180 kg N + I40kgp,0^+ 160 kg K,0 per ha and a basal application of 2500 kg organic-microbial fertilizer per ha and at planting density of 83 thousand plants per ha. At two studied sites, variety NK7328 gave the highest biomass yield and profit margin under fertilizing of 160 kg N + 120 kg P.0_ + 140 kg K,0 per ha and a basal appUcation of 2500 kg organic-microbial fertilizer per ha and at planting density of S3 thousand plants per ha.
KeJ^vo^ds: Biomass yield, growth, hybrid maize variety, profit margin
TAI LIEU TRAM KHAO
Bd Ndng nghiep va Phat trien ndng thdn, 2011. Q C \ ' \ 0N56:2011/BNXPTNT Quy chuan ky thudt Qude gia ve khao nghiem gia trj canh tdc va sfl dung eiia gidng ngd.
Le Quy Kha, Le Quy Tfldng, 2019. .V>,'() sinh kiwi - Ky thuat canh tdc. thu hoach vd che bien phuc vu chan nuoi. XXB Nong nghiep. Ha Ndi. Trang 77-81.
M. .\hmadi W. J. Wiebold, J. E. Beuerlein, D. J. and, [.
Sehoper, 1993. Agronomic practices that affect corn kernel characteristics. A^o/., 85:615-619.
Ayisi, K.K. and Poswall, M.A.L., 1997. Effect of plant population on leaf area index, cob characteristics and grain yield of early maturing maize cultivars.
Europ. J. Agron, 16. pp.151-159.
Pepper, G. E., 1974. Effect of leaf orientation and density on the yield of maize (Zea mays L.), Ph. D. Dissert.
Iowa State Univ. USA
Rosser, B.. 2016. Nhflngdieu can can nhdc khi Ifla ehpn gidng ngd u chua. htlp://field dero-pnews. Biomass and Biocnergy, 26 (4): 337-343.
Roth, G. W. And Heirichs, A. J., 2001. Corn Silage Production and Management. Agronomy Facts 18.
pp. 7-13.
Sangoi, L., 200!. Understanding plant density effects on maize groivth and development; an important issue to maximize grain yield. Ciencia rural, 31 (1), pp 159-168.
Ngay nhan bai: 10/4/2020 Ngay phan bien: 24/4/2020
NgUdi phan bien: TS. Tran Anh Tuan Ngay duyet dang: 29,4/2020
