KHOA HOC CONG NGHE
AI\IH HUblXIG CLIA PHAIM BOIXI VA IVIAT DO TROIXIG DEIXI 5IIVH TRUOIVG V A PHAT TRIEIV GIOMG IXIGO LAI V S 7 1
TREIXl DAT DOC TilXIH YEIXI BAI
Hoang Hai Hi^', Tran Trung Kien^ DSng Van Mmh^
T6MTAT
Nghidn ciiu anh hucmg cia phan bon va mat do trong d^n sinh tnrong va nang suat giong ngo lai VS71 duoc thvc hi^n trong hai vu: xuin h6 2016 va he thu 2016 tai huyen Van Yen, tinh Yen Bai. Thi nghidm 2 nhSn to diTQC bo tri voi 15 cong thiic, luong phan bon dang vien nen la nhan to chinh gom 5 muc phan bon (PO, PI, P2, P3, P4) va mat do trong la nhan to phu gom 3 miic (Ml, M2, M3). Ket qua nghien ciiu cho thdy, thoi gian sinh tnrong cua gidng ngo VS71 6 cac c6ng thiic khong chiu anh hucmg tmmg tac cua phan bon va m|t dp. Cong thiic M2P3 (khoang each 60 x 25 cm, mat do 6,6 van cay/ha va bon 500 kg phan vien nen NPK Con Lu6i 17:5:11) cho nang suat ly thuyet cao nhat 87,6 ta/ha (vu xuan he) va 86,7 ta/ha (vu he thu), cho nang suat \huc thu cao nhat: 68,9 ta/ha (vu xuan he) va 68,7 ta/ha (vu he thu). Cong thiic M2P3 cho lai thudn cao nhat diit 15.332.344 d/ha trong vu xuan he 2016 va 15.210.211 d/ha trong vu he thu 2016.
Ti^ kh6a: Dat ddc, gidng ngd lai, nang suat, smh trudng, phan bon, mat do trdng. Yen Bai.
1 . DAT VAN BE
Theo Berzsenyi, Z, va cs (2011) [1] phan bon anh huong toi 30,7% nang suat ngo, con cac y^u to khac nhin mat dp, phong trir co dai, dat trong co anh huong it hon. Tiem nang su dung phan cham tan a Bic My va chau Au la rat Ion vi no lam giam chi phi va mang lai lpi ich cho nguoi trong hot. Viec six dung loai phan nay se rat pho bien, dac biet 6 nhiing noi co nguy CO bi mat dam Ion, b mua vu d6 xay ra mat dam va ddi vol nhijng cay trong co bp r6 an n6ng. O Hoa K}' phan cham tan da dirpc su dung nhieu cho ngo (Balkcom va cs, 2003) [2]. Phan vien nen duoc sir dung nham tiet ki^m cong lao dpng do chi bon 1 lan duy nhat trong toan bo thoi gian sinh truong, tang hi^u su^t su dung phan, ngoai ra con han che xoi mon, rtra trdi dat doc, huong toi muc tieu canh tac ben vflng. Vi§c bon phan vien nen cho ngo nam 2008 tai Son La da tang nang suat 12 - 20% (Nguyen Tat Canh, 2008) [3]. Sii dung phan vien nen tiet kiem dupc 20 - 30% chl phi phan bon do chi phai bon mot lan hong ca vu ^ 6 Hflu Quyet. 2008) [4]. Nhieu ket qua nghien cmi cho thay phan vien nen b cac muc khac nhau co anh huong d^n sinh tnrdng, nang suat va hieu qua kinh te (Chau Ngpc Ly va cs, 2013; Tran Due Thien, 2014; NguySn Van Phii va cs, 2012; Pham
' C5ng ty CP Chiing nhan va Gidm dinh VinaCert -Tniong Dai HQC Nong Lam - D^i hgc Thai Nguyen
Due Nga va cs, 2012; Ha Thi Thanh Binh va cs, 2011;
Nguyin Van Lpc va Nguyen Tat Canh, 2009) [5], [6]
[7], [8], [9], [10]. Cong thuc bon phan vien nen thich hgp cho cay ngo (kg/ha) la 150 N + 90 K2O tren nen 2 tan phan huu co vi sinh Song Gianh + 90 kg P2O5 (Tran Tnmg Kien va cs, 2015) [11]. D6 gop phdn nang cao nang sujit va hieu qua kinh te trong san xuat ngo can xac dinh luong phan bon va phuong phap bon phii hpp cho timg giong va timg dieu kien cuthe.
Theo Mmh Tang Chang va Peter L. KeeUng (2005) [121 nang suat ngo b My trong hon 40 nam qua tang them 58% la nho dong gop cua giong lai don, 21% nho tang mat dp va 5% nho thu hep khoang each hang. Theo Borleanu loana Claudia (2010) [13]
mat dp gieo 6 van cay/ha cho nang suat cao nhat 8.190 kg/ha. Theo WiUiam D. va cs (2002) [14] nang suat dat cao nhat b khoang each hang 38 cm va mat do 9 van cay/ha. Nang suat ngo tang khi mat dp tang va da dat cao nhat 12,2 tan/ha 0 mat do 8,03 van cay/ha (Neradic va Slovic, 1999) [15], Mat dp tr6ng hpp ly anh huong toi viec tiep nhan nang lupng mat troi tot hon, giam sir hoc hoi nuoc va han che co dai phat trien do som che phu mat dat (trich theo Sener O.vacs,2004) [16].
Dat nong nghiep cua tmh Yen Bai da dang theo phan loai dat, chiem toi 79,59% tdng dien tich tu nhien. Nam 2018, dien tich tr6ng ngo cua tinh Yen Bai la 28,5 nghin ha (dien tich Irdng ngo ti-en dat ddc NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - KY 2 - THANG 8/2020
KHOA HOC C 6 N 0 N G H |
khoang 16-18 nghin ha/nam, chi^m 59-63% tdng dien tich ti-ong ngo); nang suat 34,2 ta/ha chi bang 72,5%
so voi nang suat hung binh cua ca nuoc (Tong cue Thong ke, 2020) [17]. Chinh vi vay, de tai nghien cim anh huong ciia li^u lupng phan bon va mat do trdng den smh tmdng va nang suat gidng ng6 lai VS71 tren dat ddc tai tinh Yen Bai da duoc thuc hien.
2 . VAT UEU VA PHUONG PHAP AieHlOy CUU
2.1. V | t l i ^ nghidn ciiu Phin bdn:
- Dam: Phan dam ure - CO (NH4) 2 (46% N).
- Lan: Phan supe lan - CaCHaPO^)^ (16% P^Os).
- Kah: Phan clorua kaU - KCl (60% K^O).
- Phan hiiu co vi sinh Song Gianh. Thanh phan:
Dp am: 30%; huu co: 15%; P2O5 hh: 1,5%; axit humic:
2,5%; trung luong: Ca, Mg, S; tdng cac chiing vi sinh vat huu ich: 3 x 10^ CFU/g.
Phan vien nen NPK Con Luoi (17:5:11) do Cong ty Cd phan Phan bon Miia Vang san xuat.
Thanh phan: dam (Nts) 17%, lan (PaOshh) 5%, kali (KgOhh) 11% va cac nguyen td trung, vi lupng, keo hap thu, chat chdng mat dam, cac phu gia cham tan.
Gidng: Su dung gidng ngo lai VS71, day la gidng ngo lai CO trien vpng va da duoc thu nghiem cho ket qua tdt tai tinh Yen Bai.
2.2. Dja di^m vii th6i gian nghiSn ciiu - TTii nghiem duoc thuc hien tai xa Dong Cuong, huyen Van Yen, tinh Yen Bai tren dat c6 do ddc 10".
- Thoi gian nghien cuu; Vu xuan he 2016 gieo ngay 27/3/2016; vu he thu gieo ngay 07/8/2016.
2.3. Phuong phAp nghidn ciiu
Thi nghiem hai nhan td dupc thiet ke theo k i & 6 chinh - 6 phu (SpUt - Plot Design) voi 3 lan nhac lai dupc hen hanh trong vu xuan he va vu he thu 2016.
Lupng phan bon la nhan td chinh voi 5 miic phan bon (PO: Khong bon phan; PI: Sir dung phan don bon vai thong thudng voi lupng 150 N + 90 P2O5 + 90 K^O);
P2: Sir dung phan vien nen NPK Con luoi 17:5:11 voi luong bon 400 kg/ha; P3: 500 kg/ha; P4: 600 kg/ha) va mat do trdng la nhan td phu vol 3 miic: M2: 6,6 van cay/ha (60 x 25 cm); Ml: 6,6 van cay/ha (50 x 30 cm); M3: 5,7 van cay/ha (70 x 25 cm). Sd cong thirc thi nghiem la 15 cong thuc. Tdng sd 6 thi nghiem la 45 6. Gieo 6 hang/6 voi mat dp, khoang each nhu trong cong thiic thi nghiem. Trdng 1 cay/hdc. Cac
chi tieu theo doi 6 4 hang gifla 6. xung qu:inh thi nghiem co dai bao ve, chieu rdng dai bao vc n nhat la 2 hang ngo.
Bang 1. Lugng phfln b6n v^ m4t dO khoang c4ch tr6ng cua cac cang tfaiic t l u n g h i ^ ^ ^ ^ C6ng
thiic
Nhan to phu (Mat do, khoang
each) 0 cay, 5 0 x 3 0 cm 66.600 cay, 5 0 x 3 0 cm 66.600 cay, 5 0 x 3 0 cm 66.600 cay, 5 0 x 3 0 cm 6.600 cay, 5 0 x 3 0 cm 66.600 cay, 60 x 25 cm 5.600 cay, 6 0 x 2 5 cm 66.600 cay, 6 0 x 2 5 cm 0 cay, 60 X 25 cm 3 x 25 cm 57,000 cay, 7 0 x 2 5 cm 57.000 cay, 70 x 25 cm 57.000 cay, 7 0 x 2 5 cm 57.000 cay, 70 x 25 cm
M3P4 57.000 cay, 70 x 25 cm 600 kg phan vien nen NPK Nhan td chinh (Lupng phan bdn/ha)
Khong bon phan N-P-K 150 N + 9 0 ^ 0 5 + 901^0 400 kg phan vi6n nen NPK 500 k g phan vi^n nen NPK 600 kg phan vien nen NPK Khong bon phan N-P-K 1 5 0 N + 9 0 P A - t - 9 0 K 2 O 400 k g phan vi#n nen NPK 500 k g phan vien nen NPK 600 kg phan vien nen NPK Kh6ng bon phan N-P-K 150 N + 90 P2O5 + 90 K1.O 400 kg phan vien nen NPK 500 kg phan vi^n nen NPK
38
(Nen: 2 tan phin hdu ca vi sinh Sdng Gianh) - Phuong phap bon phan:
+ Ddi vdi phin vidn nen:
Bon lot: 100% phan hiiu co vi sinh Song Gianh + 100% phan vien nen NPK Con Luoi (17:5:11).
+ Ddi vdi phan rdi bdn theo phuong phip truyen thdng:
Bon lot: 100% phan hiiu co vi sinh Song Gianh + 100% phan lan + 1/4 luong dam.
Bon thuc: Chia lam 2 iSn: ldn 1 (khi ngo 4 - 5 li):
1/4 luong dam 4- 1/2 Itrong kali (rach ranh sau 3 - 5 cm theo hang ngo each gdc 5 - 7 cm rdi bon va Ijip kin phan ket hpp vun nhe); lan 2 (khi ngo 8 - 9 M):
1/2 lupng dam + 1/2 lupng kali, rach ranh sau 5 - 7 cm theo hang ng6 each gdc 10 - 12 cm rdi bon va lap kin phan k^t hpp vun cao).
- Chi tieu theo doi va xu ly sd lieu: Theo doi cic chi tieu nong hoc, thoi gian sinh liuony, nang suat va hieu qua kinh te theo phuong phap Utirong quy v^
nghien ciiu ngo. Sd lieu duoc tdng li<,p ^^| ^^ ]y ^.^^
phan mem Excel 2010 va IRRISTAT .1 i,
NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - KY 2 - THANQ 8/202O
KHOA HOC C 6 N G N G H £
8. KET QUA NGHEN CUU VA THAO LUAN
3.1. Anh hudng cua phdn b6n vk mat dO trdng d6i thdi gian sinh truong ciia gidng ngo lai "N^ 71 ti^ dit ddc trong vu x u ^ h6 va vu h6 thu nSm 2016 tgiYtoBdi
K^t qua b bang 2 cho thay: ddi voi vu xuan he 2016, thdi gian tir khi gieo den chin sinh ly d cac cong thiic dao dpng tir 110 -119 ngay; ddi vdi vu he thu nam 2016 tdng thdi gian tir khi gieo hat den chin sinh ly d cac cdng thiic dao dpng tir 103 - 107 ngay.
thupc nhom trung ngay, co the trdng dupc trong vu xuan he va he thu trong ciing 1 nam, vln co the trdng dupc cay trdng khac trong vu ddng. Trong qua trinh theo doi thay rang cac cdng thiic mac dii cd khac nhau ve mat dp va luong phan, tuy nhidn thdi gian tir gieo den thu hoach khdng cd su chenh lech dang ke. Hay ndi each khac, phan bdn va mat dp trdng khac nhau khdng anh hudng nhieu den thdi gian sinh tnidng ciia gidng ngd lai VS71 tren dat ddc trong vu he thu 2016 tai huyen Van Yen, tinh Yen Bai.
Day la gidng cd thdi gian sinh trudng, phat trien
BSng 2. Anh hudng cfia phan bdn vk in?lt dO trdng d^n thdi gian sinh trudng ciia gidng ngd lai \ ^ 7 1 vu xuan hd vk hd thu 2016 tai Y6E B ^
Cong thiic MlPO M l P l M1P2 M1P3 M1P4 M2P0 M2P1 M2P2 M2P3 M2P4 M3P0 M3P1 M3P2 M3P3 M3P4
Xuan he 2016 Thdi gian tir gieo den.
Tung phan 56 57 56 57 56 57 56 60 61 60 60 61 61 60 58
Phun rau 59 59 58 59 58 60 58 61 62 60 61 62 61 62 59
..(ngay) Chin sinh
ly lis 114 115 111 119 118 113 112 113 112 113 110 112 114 114
He thu 2016 Thai gian tir gieo den..
Tung phan 53 55 56 55 54 56 54 56 54 54 54 55 54 55 56
Phim rau 55 56 57 56 56 57 56 57 55 56 56 57 56 56 57
. (ngay) Chin sinh
ly 104 104 104 105 103 105 105 104 105 107 105 106 104 106 105 3.2. Anh hudng ciia phan bdn v^ mat dO trdng
d6i mOt sd dac di^m ndng shih hpc cua gidng ngd lai VS71 Irtn dat ddc ti-ong vu xuan hd va hd thu nam 2016 t^iYdn Bai
3.2.1. Anh hudng cua phin bdn vi mat do trdng den chieu cao cay
Chieu cao cay d cac cdng thuc vu xuan he (XH) 2016 dao ddng tii 200 - 238,4 cm va tir 200,4 - 233,0 cm trong vu he thu (HT) 2016. Tuong tac giira mat dp va phan bdn khdng cd y nghia den chieu cao cay cua gidng ngd lai VS71 (P(M*I') > 0,05), cho phep so sanh anh hudng cua tiing nhan td thi nghiem den chieu cao cay cua gidng ngd lai VS71.
B ^ 3. Anh hudng cua phan bdn vk mat dO ddn mdt sd dac dilm ndng sinh hpc cua gidng ngd lai VS71 VTj xuan hd va hd thu 2016 tai Y&n Bai
Cong thuc MlPO M l P l M1P2
Chi^u cao cay (cm) XH2016
200,0 217,2 226,4
HT2016 200,4 229,4 232,4
Chieu cao dong bSp (cm) XH2016
98,8 111,0 114,7
HT2016 86,2 109,7 108,1
So la/cay Oa) XH2016
19,4 19,5 19,8
HT2016 18,9 18,9 19,3
Chi so dien tich la (m' la/m' dat) XH 2016
3,46 3,77 3,82
HT2016 3,40 3,80 3,67 NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - KY 2 - THANG 8/2020 39
KHOA HOC CdHG NGHl M1P3
M1P4 M2P0 M2P1 M2P2 M2P3 M2P4 IVI3P0 M3P1 M3P2 M3P3 M3P4
238,4 227.7 202,1 228,2 213,2 224,1 219,4 200,9 216,8 224,3 224,0 226,8
233,0 227,7 201,2 227,6 226,2 232,4 230,4 201,8 230,2 231,5 232,9 231,7
116,9 119,3 101,1 116,6 107,6 114,5 119,4 96,7 121,1 119,7 120,9 118,0
113,6 111,6 92,6 120,9 116,3 128,3 127,8 86,3 112,1 111,8 115,2 113,1
20,0 19,3 19,9 19,9 19,2 19,8 19,8 19,6 19,5 20,1 19,2 19,8
19 0 18 8 18,9 19,2 18,5 19,2 18,8 18,7 19,1 18,8 19,0 19,0
3,93 4.03 3,34 3,73 3,7?
4,07 3,82 3,46 4,02 3,69 3,94 3,92
- ..
.45 .i.82
"_3.87 4,07 3,97 3,38 3,67 3,83 3,93 3,94 Td hop mat do
M l M2 M3 Tdhopph PO PI P2 P3 P4
^m-Fi
LSDo.fl5/.
cv„
221,9 217,4 218,6 an bon
201,0 220,7 221,3 228,8 224,6
>0,05
>0,05
<0,05 17,9
4,8 224,6 223,6 225,6 201,1 229,1 230,0 232,8 229,9
>0,05
>0,05
<0,05 4,45
2,0 112,2 111,9 115,3 98,9 116,2 114,0 117,4 118,9
>0,05
>0,05
<0,05 0,15
6,1 105,9 117,2 107,7 88,4 114,2 112,1 119,0 117,5
>0,05
>0,05
<0,05 4,47
4,2 19,6 19,7 19,6 19,6 19,6 19,7 19,7 19,7
>0,05
>0,05
>0,05 2,1
19,0 18,9 18,9 18,8 19,1 18,9 19,1 18,9
>0,05
>0,05
>0,05 1,5
3,80 3,75 3,81 3,42 3,84 3,76 3,98 3,92
>0,05
>0,05
<0,05 0,33
6,7 3,73 3,84 3,75 3,41 3,76 3,79 3,95 3,95
>0,05
>0,05
<0,05 0,12
3,2 Vu xuin he 2016:
- So sanh nhan td mat dp; Chieu cao cay cua gidng ngd VS71 qua cac cdng thiic mat dp, khoang cdch dao ddng tir 217,4 - 221,9 cm. Kdt qua xir ly thdng ke cho thay sai khac ve chieu cao cay giiia cac cdng thitc mat dp khdng cd y nghia d mirc tin cay 95%.
- So sanh nhan td phan bdn: Chidu cao cay ciia gidng ngd VS71 qua cac cdng thirc phan bdn dao ddng trong khoang 201,0 - 228,8 cm, bdn cdng thuc sii dung phan bdn PI, P2, P3 va P4 cd chieu cao cay cao hon so vdi cdng thiic PO (khdng bdn phan NPK) d mirc tin cay 95%.
Vu he dm 2016:
- So sanh nhan td mat dd: Chieu cao cay cua gidng ngd VS71 qua cac cdng thirc mat dp dao ddng tir 223,6 - 225,6 cm. Ket qua xu ly tiidng ke cho thay sai khac ve chieu cao cay giiia cac cdng thiic mat dp khdng cd y nghia d miic tin cay 95%.
- So sanh nhan td phan bdn: Chidu cao cay ciia gidng ngd VS71 qua cac cdng thiic phan bdn dao
ddng tir 201,1 - 232,8 cm. Cac cdng thiic su dung phan bdn cd chidu cao cay cao hon chac chdn so vdi cdng thiic ddi chiing khdng sii dung phan bdn d muc tin cay 95%.
3.2.2. Anh hudng cua phin bdn vi mat dq tiong den chi sd dien ti'ch li
Chi sd didn tich la (CSDTL) ciia gidng ngd VS71 qua cac cdng thiic trong vu xuan he va he thu 2016 dao ddng lan lupt la 3,34 - 4,07 m^ la/m^ dat va 3,36 - 4,07 m^a/m^ dat Gia tii P(M.pj > 0,05 cho tiiay hrong tac giiia hai nhan td phan bdn va mat dp khdng y nghia, cho phep so sanh CSDTL qua anh hudng rieng re cua timg nhan td thi nghiem.
- So sanh nhan td mat do: CSDTL trong vu xuan he va he thu nam 2016 lan luot la 3,75- 3,81 m^ la/m^
dat va 3,73 - 3,85 m^ la/m^ daL Ket qua xu ly tiidng ke cho thay sai khac vd CSDTL gitja cac cdng thuc mat dp khdng cd y nghia drnuc Un cay 95%.
- So sanh nhan td phan bdn CSDTL trong vu xuan he nam 2016 dao ddng tir 3,42 - 3,98 m^ la/m*
dat va trong vu he thu dao dpng tir 3,41 - 3,95 m^
40 NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - KY 2 - THANG 8/2020
KHOA HOC CdNG NGHfi la/m^ dat. Ket qua xir ly thdng ke cho ih^y CSDTL
qua cac cdng thiic phan bdn cd sai khac chac chan d miic tin cay 95%. Cdng thirc phan bdn P3 (500 kg phan vien nen NPK Con Ludi 17:5:11) cd CSDTL dat miic tdi uu va 6n dinh d ca 2 vu nghien ciiu.
3.3. Anh hudng cua phan bdn va m^t dO trdng d^n cdc y^u t6 c^u thanh nang su^t va nang su^t cua gidng ngd lai VS71 trong vi^ xuin hd vk hd thu nam 2016 tgiYdn Bai
3.3.1. Anh huong cua phan bdn vi mat do trdng den sdhat tren hing
Vu xuan he 2016: Sd hat tren hang cua gidng ngd lai VS71 dao ddng tii 28,4 - 37,6 hat; ket qua xii ly thdng ke P(M*P) > 0,05 cho thay tuong tac giira hai nhan td phan bdn va mat dp khdng y nghia, cho phep so sanh sd hat trdn hang ridng re tiieo tiing nhan td thi nghidm:
- Nhan td mat dd: Sd hat tren hang dao dpng tir 33,4 - 33,5 hat; ket qua xu ly thdng ke cho thay cdng thiic mat dp sai khac khdng cd y nghia d miic tin cay 95%.
- Nhan td phan bdn: Sd hat tren hang dao dong tir 28,9 - 36,0 h^t; cac cdng thiic su dung phan bdn co sd hat tren hang dao dong tii 33,0 - 36,0 hat, cao hon chac chan so vdi cdng thiic PO (khdng bdn phan NPK) d miic tin cay 95%.
Vu he thu 2016: Sd hat trdn hang ciia gidng ngd lai VS71 d cac cdng thiic dao ddng tii 27,2 - 35,1 hat; ket qua xu ly thdng kd cho gia tn P{M-P) > 0.05 cho thay tuong tac gitra hai nhan td phan bdn va mat dd khdng y nghia, cho phep so sanh sd hat tren hang rieng re theo timg nhan td thi nghiem:
- Nhan td mat dp: Sd hat tren hang dao ddng tir 32,4 - 34,0 hat; ket qua xu ly thdng ke cho thay sd hat tren hang d cac cdng thiic mat dp sai khac khdng cd y nghia d miic tin cay 95%.
- Nhan td phan bdn: Sd hat trdn hang d cac cdng thiic phan bdn dao dpng tir 28,7 - 34,9 hat; cac cdng thiic PI, P3 va P4 cd sd hat tren hang bien ddng tii
34,1 - 34,9 hat, cao hon chdc chdn so vdi cdng thiic ddi chiing PO (28,7 hat) d miic tin cay 95%.
3.3.2. Anh hudng cua phin bdn va mat dd tidng den khdi luong 1.000 hat
Trong vu xuan he 2016, khdi lupng (KL) 1.000 hat cua gidng ngd VS71 qua cac cdng thiic thi nghiem dao dong tii 235,7 - 295,3 gam. Tuong tac giua hai nhan td phan bdn va mat dp khdng y nghia (P(M-P) > 0,05), cho phep so sanh anh hirdng theo timg nhan td ridng re.
- Nhan td mat dp: Khdi lupng 1.000 hat dao ddng tir 254,7 - 282,8 gam; kdt qua xu ly tiidng kd cho thay d cac mat dp trdng khac nhau, khdi luong 1.000 hat khac nhau chdc chdn d mifc tin cay 95%. Khdi lupng 1.000 hat cd xu hudng tang d mat dp M3 (5,7 van cay/ha) va giam khi mat dp day hon (mat dd 6,6 van cay/ha) d M l v a M 2 .
- Nhan td phan bdn: Khdi luong 1.000 hat dao dpng tir 250,7 - 277,4 gam; ket qua xu ly thdng ke cho thay ba cdng thiic bdn phan vidn nen P2, P3, P4 cd khdi luong 1000 hat cao hon cdng thirc khdng bdn phan NPK (PO) chdc chdn d miic tin cay 95%.
Trong vu he thu 2016, khdi luong 1.000 hat cua gidng ngd VS71 qua cac cdng thiic thi nghiem dao ddng tii 245,7 - 295,1 gam. Ket qua xu ly thdng ke cho P{M-p) >0,05, tuong tac giiia hai nhan td phan bdn va mat do khdng y nghia ndn cho phep so sanh khdi lupng 1.000 hat rieng re theo tiing nhan td thi nghiem:
- Nhan td mat dp: Khdi luong 1.000 hat dao dpng tii 258,8 - 269,3 gam; ket qua xir ly thdng ke cho thay khdi lupng 1.000 hat sai khac khdng cd y nghia d miic tin cay 95%.
- Nhan td phan bdn: Khdi luong 1.000 hat dao ddng tir 249,3 - 272,1 gam; kdt qua xu ly thdng kd cho thay d miic bdn phan vidn nen P3 (500 kg/ha) cd khdi luong 1.000 hat tuong duong mirc bdn P4 (600 kg/ha) va cao hon ba cdng thiic PO, PI, P2 chdc chdn b miic tin cay 95%.
Bang 4. Anh hudng cua phan bdn va m4t dO trdng ddn cic ydu td c^u thanh nSng su^t va nang suat ciia gidng
Cong thiic MlPO 1«1P1
So hang hat tren bap (hang) XH2016
13,7 14,0
HT2016 14,1 14,3
So hat tren hang (hat) XH2016
29,5 35,5
HT2016 27,5 33,8
KL1000hat(g) XH2016
235,7 244,5
HT2016 241,7 259,4
NSLT (ta/ha) XH2016
59,6 77,2
HT 2016 60,2 80,7
NSTT (ta/ha) XH 2016 45,0 59,3
HT 2016 40.8 52,0
NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - KY 2 - THANG 8/2020
KHOA HOC c o n e NOHl M1P2
M1P3 M1P4 M2P0 M2P1 M2P2 M2P3 M2P4 M3P0 M3P1 M3P2 M3P3 M3P4
14,3 13,9 14,1 14,1 14,3 14,0 14,1 13,9 13,7 14,4 14,1 14,1 14,3
14,5 14,3 14,4 14,2 14,3 14,1 14,3 14,5 14.2 14,3 14,3 14,3 14,3
32,8 35,5 34,0 28,4 34,9 31,3 37,6 35,4 28,8 34,9 32,2 35,0 35,9
33,1 34,9 34,0 31,3 35,2 33,1 35,5 34,9 27,2 33,4 32,8 34,3 34,2
282,9 265,6 274,4 244.9 247,1 254,1 258,4 269,0 271,4 283,1 295,3 279,2 284,8
256,4 272,0 269,8 248,2 261,2 252,6 267,8 264,3 257,8 268,6 272,5 276,5 272,2
83,6 84.4 84,4 60.3 77,4 71,1 87,6 83,1 57,6 76,3 73,4 75,7 78,5
7S,6 83.8 K,:l
7i.:5 86,4 86,7 55,0 70,6 68,5 75,1 72,0
68,9 62,5 43,6 59,6 62,9 67,2 63,6
_.i<
• •.:-<
,')ii..s 4(i.S ."is.n ,i4.(i 68,7 60,9 45.2 51.3 52.0 61.9 60.5 Td hop mat do
M l M2 M3 Tdhopph PO PI P2 P3 P4 T'tM-F) P(W R(P) TSDggsm TSD^gsO')
cv„,
14,0 14,1 14,1 in bon 13,8 14,2 14,1 14,0 14,1
>0,05
>0,05
>0,05
2,3 14,3 14,3 14,3 14,2 14,3 14,3 14,3 14,4
>0,05
>0,05
>0,05
-
1,9 33,5 33,5 33,4 28,9 35,1 32,1 36,0 35,1
>0,05
>0,05
<0,05 2,2 6,7
32,7 34,0 32,4 28,7 34,1 33,0 34,9 34,4
>0,05
>0,05
<0,05 1,49
4,6 260,6 254,7 282,8 250,7 258,3 277,4 267,7 276,1
>0,05
<0,05
<0,05 14,5 15,6 6,0
259,9 258,8 269,3 249,3 263,1 260,5 272.1 268,8
>0,05
>0,05
<0,05 8,18
3,2 77,8 75,9 72,3 59,2 77,0 76.0 82.5 82,0
>0,05
>0,05
<0,05 4,7 6,4
77,3 80,1 68,3 62,0 77,9 73,8 81,8 80,6
>0,05
<0,05
<0,05 3,92 3,38 4,6
59,6 60,2 59,4 45,6 60,7 61,1 68,0 63,4
>0,05
>0,05
<0,05 2,7 4,6
52.8 57.8 54.2 44,3 53,8 52.9 64.4 59.3
>0,05
<0,05
<0,05 3,02 2,85 5,3 3.3.3. Anh hudng cua phin bdn vi mat do trdng
den nang suit ly thuyet cua gidng ngd lai VS 71 Trong vu xuan he 2016, nang suat ly thuyet (NSLT) d cac cdng thiic thi nghiem dao dong tir 59,6 - 84,4 ta/ha; ket qua xu ly thdng ke cho thay tirong tac giira hai nhan td phan bdn va mat dp khdng cd y nghia nen so sanh NSLT ciia timg nhan td thi nghiem: O cac mat dp khac nhau, nang suat ly thuyet dao ddng hi 72,3 - 77,8 ta/ha, sai khac giiia cac cdng thirc khdng cd y nghia d miic tm cay 95%. NSLT trong cac cdng thiic phan bdn dao ddng tir 59,2 - 82,5 ta/ha; cdng tiiuc P3 va P4 cd NSLT tuong duong nhau va cao hon ba cdng thuc PO, PI, P2 chdc chdn d mirc tin cay 95%.
Trong vu he Ihu 2016, NSLT d cac cdng tinic thi nghiem dao ddng tir 55,0 - 86,7 ta/ha; ket qua xii li thdng ke cho thay P(M*P) > 0,05, tuong tac giira hai nhan td phan bdn va mat do khdng cd y nghia, cho phep so sanh nang suat ly thuyet vdi timg nhan td thi nghiem: NSLT trong cong thiic mat dp dao ddng tu 68,3 - 80,1 ta/ha, cdng thiic MS (khoang each 70 x 25 cm, mat dp 5,7 van cay/ha) cd nang suat ly thuyet thap nhat va thap hon cdng thiic Ml va M2 (6,6 van cay/ha) chac chan b mirc xac suat 95%. NSLT ti-ong cdng thiic phan bdn dao dpng tir 62,0 - 81,8 ta/ha;
cdng tiiuc phan bdn Pl va P2 cd NSLT 79,5 ta/ha, nrong dtrong cdng thiic ddi chmiH PQ. Cong thiic P3 (500 kg/ha phan vien nen NPK h.tj va P4 (600 kg 42 NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - KY 2 - THANG 8/2020
KHOA HOC CONG NGHE
phdn vidn ndn NPK/ha) cd NSLT tirong duong cdng thiic PI va cao hon hai cdng thiic PO va P2 chdc chdn d miic tin cay 95%.
3.3.4. Anh hudng cua phin bdn va mat do trdng ddn nang suat thuc thu cua gidng ngd lai VS71
Trong vu xuan he 2016, nang suat thuc thu (NSTT) d cac cdng thiic dat tir 43,6 - 67,9 ta/ha; kdt qua xii ly thdng kd cho thay tuong tac giiia hai nhan td phan bdn va mat dd khdng cd y nghia (P(M'P)
>0,05) ndn so sanh NSTT cua timg nhan td thi nghidm: NSTF cua gidng ngd VS71 dat cao nh^t d mat do M2 (60 x 25 cm, mat dd 6,6 van cay/ha); cdng thiic str dung 500 kg phan vien ndn NPK Con Ludi/ha (P3) cho NSTT cao nhat (68,0 ta/ha) d mirc tin cay 95%.
Trong vu hd thu 2016, NSTT d cac cdng thiic dat tir 40,8 - 68,7 t a A a , gia tii P(M*P) > 0 , 0 5 cho tiiay tuong tac giiia hai nhan td phan bdn va mat dp khdng cd y nghia, cho phep xet anh hudng cua timg nhan td:
- So sanh nhan td mat dp: NSTT d cac cdng thiic mat dd dao ddng tir 52,8 - 57,8 ta/ha; cdng thiic M2 (60 X 25 cm, mat do 6,6 van cay/ha) cd NSTT dat 57,8 ta/ha cao hon cdng tiiiic Ml (52,8 ta/ha) va cao hon cdng thiic ddi chiing M3 (54,2 ta/ha). Ket qua nay phii hpp vdi kdt qua cua Borleanu loana Claudia (2010) [13], mat ddgieo trdng 6 van cay/ha cho nang suat cao nhat 81,9 ta/ha.
- So sanh nhan td phan bdn: Gidng ngd VS71 qua cac cdng thiic phan bdn cd NSTT dat tii 44,3 - 64,4 ta/ha; cdng thiic phan bdn P3 (500 kg phan vidn nen NPK Con Ludi/ha) cd nang suat thuc thu dat cao nhdt (64,4 ta/ha) va cao hon cac cong thiic cdn lai d miic tin cay 95%.
Bdn phan vidn nen cho gidng ngd lai VS71 tren dat ddc hi 500 kg/ha lam tang nang suat tii 4 - 12%
(vu xuan he) va tir 10 - 20% (vu he thu) so vdi phuong phap bdn phan truyen thdng, dat cao nhat d cdng thiic P3 (500 kg phan vien nen NPK Con Ludi/ha), cao hon 12 - 20%. Ket qua nghien ctiu nay tuong tir nhu cac kdt qua ciia Nguydn Tat Canh (2008): bdn phan vidn nen cho ngd nam 2008 tai Son La da tang nang suat 12 - 20%.
Kdt qua nghien cim cho thay nang suat ngd dat cao nhat d mat do 6,6 van cay/ha, tirong tiJ nhu kdt qua nghidn ciiu cua Borleanu loana Claudia (2010),
WiUiam D. va cs (2002), Neradic va Slovic (1999) - tinch tiieo Sener O. va cs (2004) [13], [14], [15], [16].
Tdm lai, cdng thiic M2 (60 x 25 cm, mat dd 6,6 van cay/ha) va P3 (500 kg phan vidn nen NPK Con Ludi/ha) cho nang suat cao nhat ddi vdi gidng ngd lai VS71 ti-dng tai tinh Yen Bai.
3.4. Anh hudng ciia phan bdn va mat dd trdng ddn hidu qua kinh td
Trong vu xuan he va he thu nam 2016 miic dau tu cho 1 ha ngd b cac cdng thiic thi nghiem vdi mat dd va miic phan bdn khac nhau dao ddng tir 13.750.000d (cdng thiic M3P0) den 22.983.438d (cdng thiic M2P1), trong khi sd tien thu dupc dao ddng tii 20.422.000d (cdng thirc MlPO d vu xuan hd 2016) ddn 34.457.300d (cdng thirc M2P3, vu xuan hd 2016). Qua kdt qua so bd vd tdng chi phi va tdng san pham thu duoc thay rdng cdng thiic M2P3 (60 x 25 cm, 6,6 van cay/ha va 500 kg phan vidn nen NPK Con Ludi/ha) cd lai thuan cao nhat so vdi cac cdng thiic khac, dat 15.332.344 d/ha trong vu xuan he 2016 va 15.210.211 d/ha ti-ong vu he tim 2016. Qua dd cd thd thay viec sir dung cdng thirc M2P3 vao san xuat la phu hop vdi didu kidn cua viing.
Ket qua nghien ciiu nay cung triing vdi nhidu ket qua nghidn ciiu trudc day va cho thay phan vien ndn d cac miic khac nhau cd anh hudng ddn sinh trudng, tang nang suat va hieu qua kinh te (Chau Ngoc Ly va cs, 2013; Tran Dire Thidn, 2014; Nguydn Van Phii va cs, 2012; Pham Dire Nga va cs, 2012; Ha Thi Thanh Binh va cs, 2011; Nguydn Van Lpc va Nguydn Tat Canh, 2009) [5], [6], [7], [8], [9], [10].
4 . KET LUAN VA BE NGHI 4.1. Kdt l u ^
- Phan bdn va mat dd trdng khac nhau khdng anh hudng nhidu den thdi gian smh trudng cua gidng ngd lai VS71 tren dat ddc vu xuan he va he thu nam 2016 tai huyen Van Yen, tinh Yen Bai.
- Tuong tac giiia phan bdn va mat dd khdng anh hudng den chidu cao cay, chieu cao ddng bdp, sd la trdn cay cua gidng ngd lai VS71 trdn dat ddc tai huyen Van Yen, tinh Yen Bai.
- 6 mat dp trdng M2: 60 x 25 cm (6,6 van cay/ha) va mirc phdn bon P3 (500 kg phan vien nen NPK Con Ludi 17:5:11) cd chi sd dien tich la dat miic tdi uu va dn dinh.
NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - KY 2 - THANG 8/2020
KHOA HOC CONG NGHE - Khi ti-dng d mat dd 6,6 van cay/ha va bdn 500
kg phan vien nen NPK Con Ludi 17:5:11 (cdng thiic M2P3) cho gidng ngd lai VS71 trdn dat ddc thi sd hat tren hang va khdi lupng 1.000 hat dat cao nhat.
- Cdng thiic M2P3 (mat dp 6,6 van cay/ha va bdn 500 kg phan vien nen NPK Con Ludi 17:5:11) cho nang suat ly thuyet cua gidng ngd lai VS 71 cao nhat 87,6 ta/ha (vu xuan he) va 86,7 ta/ha (vu he tiiu).
- Cdng thiic M2P3 cd nang suat thuc thu cua gidng ngd lai VS 71 dat cao nhat 68,9 ta/ha dvu xuan he va 68,7 ta/ha d vu he thu.
- Cdng thuc M2P3 cho lai thuan cao nhat dat 15.332.344 d/ha ti-ong vu xuan he 2016 va 15.210.211 d/ha trong vu he thu 2016.
4.2. Dd nghi
Dd nghi dp dung khoang each trdng 60 x 25 cm vdi mat dd 6,6 van cay/ha va bdn 500 kg phan vien nen NPK Con Ludi 17:5:ll/ha trong canh tac gidng ngd lai VS71 d Ydn Bai va cac vimg sinh thai cd didu kidn tuong ttr.
TAI UEU THAM KHAO
1. Berzsenyi, Z., Arendas, T., Bdnis, Peter, Micskei, G. Sugar, E. (2011). Long-term effect of crop production factors on the yield and yield stabiUty of maize (Zea mays L.) in different years.
Acta Agronomica Hungarica 59(3):191-200.
2. Balkcom K S., Blackmer A. M., Hansen D. J., Morris T. F., Mallarino A. P. (2003). Testing soils and comstalks to evaluate nitrogen management on the scale of watersheds. / Environ. Qual. 32:1015- 1024.
3. Nguydn Tat Canh (2008). Nghien ciiu san xuat va str dung phan vien nen phuc vu tham canh ngd trdn dat ddc tai Cdng ty Cd phan Ndng nghiep Chidng Sung huydn Mai Son, tinh Son La. Tap chi Khoa hqc vi Phat tiien 2008. Tap VI (2), tr. 131-137.
4. Dd Hiiu Quyet (2008). Nghien cuu va phit trien cdng nghd bdn phin vidn nen cho ngd tai huydn Quing Uydn, tinh Cao Bang. Bao cao de tai nghidn ciiu khoa hpc cap tinh.
5. Chau Ngoc Ly, Ld Quy Kha va cs (2013).
Nghien ciiu chpn tgo gidng ngd lai QPM nang suat cao, chdng chiu tdt phuc vu che bien thiic an chan nudi giai doan 2012 - 2016. Hoi thio Qudc gia ve Khoa hoc ciy trdng lan thu nhat, ngiy 5 - 6/9/2013 tai Ha Nqi. Nxb Ndng nghidp. Tr. 364 - 373.
6. Trdn Diic Thien (2014). Anh hudng ciia luong phan dam dang vien nen den suih tiirdng, phat tri^n va nang sudt gidng ngd C919 tai huydn Vinh Ldc tinh TTianh Hda. Tap chi Khoa hoc va Phit tiien. Tap 12
(4), ti-. 495-501.
7. Nguydn Van Phii, Nguydn Thd Hung, Nguydn Tat Canh, Dmh Thai Hoang (2012). Anh hudng cua phan dam cham tan cd vd bpc polime den sinh tnrdng va nang sudt ngd vu xuan tgi Gia Lam - Ha Ndi. Tap chi Khoa hqc vi Phit tnen. Tap 10, sd 2, tr.
256-262.
8. Pham Diic Nga, Tran Thi Dao, Nguydn Tdt Canh (2012). Anh hudng cua vide bdn phan vien nen hiiu CO khoang cham tan theo thdi gian sinh tnrdng den nang suat ngd tren dat cat Quang Binh. T$p chi lOioa hoc va Phit tiien. Tap 10 (l),\r. 127-134.
9. Ha Thi Thanh Binh va cs (2011). Anh hudng Ctia mat dp va lupng dam bdn den sinh tmdng va nang suat ngd trdn dat ddc Yen Minh - Ha Giang.
Tap chl Khoa hoc vi Phit tiien. Tip 9 (6), h. 861-866.
10. Nguydn Van Ldc, Nguydn Tat Canh (2009).
Anh hudng cua viec su dung phan vidn nen kdt hpp vdi che' pham phan bdn la Komix ddn sinh trudng va nang suat gidng ngd LVN4. Tap chl Khoa hqc va Phit tiien. Tip 7(3), ti". 225-231.
11. Trdn Trung Kien, Le Thi Kieu Oanh, Vu Thanh Nha, Kidu Xuan Dam (2015). Anh hudng ciia phan vidn ndn ddn sinh trudng, phat tnen va nang suat cua gidng ngd LVN99 ti-dn dat ddc vu he thu 2014 va vu xuan 2015 tai Ydn Bai. Tap chl Nong nghidp vi Phit trien nong thdn. Thangll/2015, tr. 20 -29.
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Com Breeding Achievement in Unitted States.
Repori m Nmd^ Asian Regional Maize Worshop, Beijing, Sep. 2005.
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Analele Universitatti din Craiova, seria Agricutuva, Montanologie, Cadastiv Vol XXXX2010.
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Row vridth and plant density effects on com grain production in the northern com belt. Agronomy Joumal, 94, pp. 1020-1023.
44 NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - KY 2 - THANG 8/2020
KHOA HOC CONG N G H £
15. Neradic N., Slovic S. (1999). Effect of crop grain yield and some agronomic characteristics of debsity and nitrogen apphcation rate on maize yield, maize hybrids. Asian Joumal of Plant Sciences, 3 (4), Bomik Radova Poljoprvrednog Fakultela, University pp. 42&432.
Beogradu,34:591,pp.77-91. 17. Tdng cue Tiidng ke (2020).
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M. (2004). The effects of intra - row spacing on the
THE EFFECTS OF FERTILIZER APPUCATION AND PLANTING DENSITY ON GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF HYBRID CORN VARIETYVS71 IN SLOPPING LAND OF YEN BAI PROVINCE
Hoang Hai Hieu^, Tran Trung Kien^, Dang Van Minh^
^ VmaCeri Ceriihcation and inspection Joint Stock Company
^Thal Nguyen University of Agriculture and Forestry Summary
The study of effects of fertilizer application and planting density on growth and development of hybrid com variety VS71 has been earned on during spring-summer season and summer-auturm season 2016 ai Van Yen district. Yen Bai province. The two-factorial experiment included 15 treatments, in which the first factorial as mam factorial was compressed fertilizer with five fertilizer levels (PO, PI, P2, P3, P4). The second factonal as sub-factorial was planting density with 3 levels (Ml, M2, M3). Results indicated that growth times of corns vi^ere not affected by fertilizers and planbng density. Treatment M2P3 (distance planting 60 x 25 cm, density 66,000 plantAa and applied 500 kg of compressed fertilizer NPK Con Luoi 17:5:11) given the highest theoretical yield with 8.76 tons/ha (spring-summer season) and 8.67 tons/ha (summer-auturm season), the highest actual yield were 6.89 tons/ha (spnng-summer season) and 6.87 ton/ha (summer-utunn season). Treatment M2P3 has the highest benefit with 15,332,344 VND/ha in spring-summer season 2016 and 15,210,211 VND/ha in summer-auturm season 2016.
Key words: Slopping land, hybrid com variety, fertilizer, yield, growth, planting density. Yen Bai.
Ngudi p h ^ bidn: TS. Bid Huy Hidn N g i y n h ^ b ^ i 19/5/2020 NgAy thdng qua phan hidn: 19/6/2020 Ngay duydt dang: 26/6/2020
NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - KY 2 - THANG 8/2020
