^P CHI KHOA HQC & CONG NGHE CAC TRITONG BAI HQC KV THU^T A 80 86-2012
TOI \fV HOA QUA TRINH TRJCH LY CHE DEN OP THANH PHAM OPTIMIZING EXTRACTON FOR BLACK TEA,OF OP Bo Van Chirtfng Tg Quang Tan Truang Dai hoc Kinh ti- Ky thugt Cong nghiep Truang Dai hpc Bdch khoa Hd Noi
Nhdn ngdy 27 thdng 9 ndm 2011
'^ T 6 M TAT
76/ mj hoa qua trinh trich ty ch^ den OP cho ph^p nghi&n cdu ddng thdi tac d^ng cua 3 yiu to la nhi$t dg. t^ le nguy&n li^u/ nu^ va thCei gian l§n qua trinh trich ly, cung nhw nhO-ng tiic dgng qua lai ciJa c^c yiu to niiy vOi nhau. Qui hoach thyc nghiem trong tdi wu hoa trich ly djch che cho ph§p chi ckn sw dung 13 thi nghi$m chgn IQC ma v§n cd thS diin tS duvc nhiiu nhat anh hwdng cua 3 y4u td da chgn. Ket qui cua qua trinh tSi uv hda da cho thSy khi trich ly, nhidt dg tir 93-100°C, ty lg nguy&n lieu/nude (g/ml) tir 7.3/45-8.5/45 vii th&i gian tir 8- 10 phut lii phii hop nhit; khi do ham Iw^ng chat tioa tan trong dich trich ly d^t 5,2Bx.
ABSTRACT
To optimize extraction for black tea of OP, this research focus on three factors are temperature, the rate of raw matenal/ water and time on the extraction process, as well as the influence of these factors at the same time are researched also. Planning expenments of extraction showed that 13 selected expenments can descnbe most of influence of three factors. Results of the optimization process showed that the extraction temperature from 93-10(fC, the rate of material/
water (g/ml) from 7.3/45-8.5/45 and time from 8-10 minutes is the best, when the content of dissolvent sutistances is 5.2 Bx.
I. DAT VAN BE
Trong cdng nghe san xuat che hoa tan (bot che) hoac nude gidi khdt udng lien tir che, chiing ta can thyc hien qud trinh trich ly chat hoa lan uong che khd thanh phdm ra dung mdi ta ggi la qua trinh trich ly dich che [1],[2].
Trong thuc te, dung mdi thudng sir dung la nuoc vira dam bdo tinh kinh te, vira dam bao ve sinh an loan thuc pham. Khi thyc hien qua trinh trich ly, cd rdt nhieu y8u td anh hudng 4en qua trinh ndy nhu nhiet dd vd thdi gian trich ly, ty le nguyen lieu che/ nude, kich thudc nguyen lieu, phuong phdp trich ly, tdc do khuay trdn nguy6n lieu trong qua trinh trich ly...Sit dung phuong phdp quy hoach thuc nghiem trong tdi uu hod qud trinh trich ly dich che, cho phep nghien cuu ddng thdi tdc ddng CLia nhieu ygu td len qua trinh trich ly, cung nhir nhiing lac ddng qua lai cua cac yeu td ndy i/oi nhau [3]. Phuong phdp ndy cho phep su
^uiig s6 thi nghiem chpn Ipc it nhat ma vdn cd Ihe dien ta dupe nhidu nhdt anh hudng cua cdc
*'eu to da chpn. Tdi uu hda qua trinh trich ly Jjch che la tim gia tri cua cdc yiu td anh hudng K tai do tien hanh qud trinh trich ly dich che
dat hieu qua cao nhal, nghTa la ham muc tieu dat cue dai.
II. KET QUA NGHIEN ClTU VA THAO LUAN
2.L Nghi§n cijii ddnh gid chdt luong nguyen lieu che OP
Chdt lugng che den OP duac danh gia bdng phuong phap cdm quan [4] cung nhu mot sd chi tieu hda hpc [5], kk qua d bang 1.
Sd lieu bdng 1 cho thay cdc chi tieu cdm quan vg ngoai hinh, mdu nude, huong va vi cho tdng sd di6m chdt lupng la 18,0 theo TCVN 3218-1993 xgp loai kha, ham lupng tanin cua che OP Id 10,2% so vdi chdt khd, ham lupng chat hda tan Id 32,8% ddu hoan todn phii hop vdi TCVN I454-I993 Nhu vay, che OP hoan todn du tieu chudn dd dua vdo nghiSn curu trich ly dich che phuc vu cho san xudt che hda tan cung nhu che udng lien [6].
2.2. Nghign eii-u tdi uu hoa qud trinh trich ly / Lira chon cdc yiu Id dnh hudng
Tdi uu hda qua trinh trich ly djch che la lim gia iri cua cac yh td anh hudng {X,}, ii tai
TAP CHi KHOA HQC & CONG NGHf CAC TRUttNG D^l HQC* KVTHLI^T , •,0 86- dd tien hdnh qud trinh trich ly d^t hi^u qua cao
nhat, nghia Id hdm mye tieu Y d^t eye dai.
Trong qua Irinh trich ly djch ch6, cd rat nhieu yeu to anh hudng nhu nhi?t dp vd thdi gian (rich ly, ly 1^ nguyen li^u/nu'dc, kich thudc nguyen li?u. phuong phdp trich ly, tdc dp khuay trpn nguyen lieu irong qud Irinh trich l\.,.Trong nghien ciru ndy, nguyen liiju sir dyng Id che den thdnh phdm loai OP, phuong phdp trich ly su dyng dung mdi Id nude vd khdng khuay irpn nguyen lieu trong qud trinh trich ly nen chi cd 3 yiu t6 chinh Id thdi gian, nhiet dp \;i ly lc nguyen li?u/nudc cd dnh
hudng din qud trinh trich 1>. do vay chpn 3 yeu Id (3 biln sd) ndy dl tdi uu hda qua irinh trich ly djch che. Phuong trinh hdi qui long quat co dang:
Y= bn+ b|X,+ b,Xvf h.X, + bi,X|-+ b2:Xr+
b,,X3-+b,:X,Xz+hnX.X, ^-b:,X2X3. Trong dd:
- Y: La ham muc tieu (ham lugng chdt hda tan, do Bx); Y-> Max
- X|, X^, Xv Biln md hda ciia cac yeu td dnh hudng.
- b« , bt , b ; . b3 . b i : , 623. bu , bu , b : ; , b33: La cdc h? sd hdi qui.
Bdng J. MQI .SO C /)/ tii'U c hdt lu<,rng JC cdm quan vd hda hpc cuu cht OP Chi tieu cdm quan
Ngoai hinh Md td Xoan chat, ndu den
Diem 4,0
Mdu nude Md td Ndu dd, rd vien vdng
Diem 2,7
Huong Md Id Thom d$c trung
Diem 5,4
Vi Md td Chat diu, cd hdu
Diem 5,4
Tdng 'diem 18,0
Kit ludn Loai khd
Chi lieu hda hpc Chi tieu
Do dm (% theo khdi Iugng) Ham Iugng tanin (% theo chdt khd) Ham lugng chat hda tan (% theo chdt khd)
Hdm lugng 7.2 10.2 32,8 2. Xdc dinh khodng bien thien ciia cdc yeu td
dnh hudng
De tdi da tien hdnh trich ly thdm dd nhilu lan vdi 3 yiu Id Id nhiet dp 70'*C, 80"C, 90''C, IOO''C. Ty I? nguyen lieu/ nude (g/ml) la 1/5, 1/6, 1/7, 1/8, 1/9 vd thdi gian Id 5, 10 phut.
Nhumg sd li?u thi nghiem tren da lam co sd xac dinh cdc gia tri muc dudi, mirc giOia vd mirc tren, sd lieu dugc the hi?n d bang 2.
Bdng 2 Khodng bien thien cdc yeu to dnh- hu&ng cua qud trinh trich ly
Cac yeu to Nhiet dp Ty le NL/nudc Thai gian
Muc duoi 70°C 1/9
5 Miic gitta 85°C 7/45 7,5
Mijrc tr€n 100°C
r/5 10
3. Lgp ma trgn qui hogch thirc nghiem Chpn ma tran DOEHLERT dl khdo sdt viing tdi uu, sd ldn thi nghiem N trong ma tran dupe xdc dinh theo cdng thuc N= k"+ k+1. Trong nghien cim ndy k= 3 nen so thi nghiem can thuc hi?n la N= 13, ma Iran qui hoach thyc nghiem dugc the hien d bang 3. Mdi thi nghiem dugc lien hanh 3 ldn vdi sai sd cua Y Id 5% . Kit qua thu dugc cho thdy,. khi thay ddi gid tri cac biln so X|, X:, X3 thi hdm Iugng chat hda tan thay ddi tir 2,0Bx cho den 5,2Bx. Dieu dd chung td Xi, X2, X3 dnh hudng rdt Idn din qud trinh trich ly.
4. Xdc dinh gid tri cdc he so hdi qui vd thiit lap phuang trinh hoi qui thirc nghiem
Sau khi tinh toan, gid tri cac he sd hdi qui dugc thi hien d bang 4.
•^^P CHi KHOA HQC & CONG NGHg CAC TRlT^NG D^l HQC KY THUAT A 80 86-2012 Bdng 3. Ma trdn qui hoach thirc nghiem trice giao 3 yiu td
SJT ' 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
Bien ma hoa Xi
0 1 -1 - 0,5
-0,5 0,5 -0,5 0,5 -0.5 0.5 0 -0,5
0 X I
0 0 0 0,866 -0,866 -0,866 0,866 0,288 -0,288 -0,288 0,577 0,288 -0,577
XJ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0,816 -0,816 -0,816 -0,816 0,816 0,816
Bien so thuc Nhiet dp
(V)
85 100 70 92,5 77,5 92,5 77,5 92,5 77,5 92,5 85 77,5
85
Ti le NL/mrac (14/ml)
7/45 7/45 7/45 8,732/45 5,268/45 5,268/45 8,732/45 7,574/45 6,424/45 6,424/45 8,154/45 7,574/45 5,846/45
Thai gian (phiit)
7,5 7,5 7,5 7,5 7,5 7,5 7,5 9,54 5,46 5,46 5,46 9,54 9,54
Ketqua Bx 4,0 5,0 2,4 4,6 2,2 3,2 3,4 5,2 2,0 3,2 3,2 3,8 3,8
He so hoi qui b.
bl b.
b, bl, b„
b,3 bp bu b23 r"
Gia tri he so hoi qui
4,000 1,250 0,751 0,898 -0,300 -0,767 -0,433 0,115 0,082 -0,094
Bdng F 1,00 1,00 1,00 1,00 1,90 1,90 2,03 1,11 1,11 1,11
4 Gid tri cdc he Do lech
chuan 0,100 0,050 0,050 0,050 0,122 0,122 0,119 0,115 0,129 0,129
so hoi qui Chuan t
40,00 25,00 15,01 17,96 -2,45 -6,26 -3,64 1,00 0,63 -0,73
Muc do y nghra
<0,01 •*•
<0,01 • "
0,0405 * "
0,0236 • • • 9,1 0,686 • •
3,42*
39,3 57,4 52,0 0,998
Cac he sd hdi quy bieu thi miic dp dnh budng cua cac yiu td tr8n tdi qud trinh trich ly.
rit ket qua d bang tren ta thdy:
- Trong khoang dd chpn, 3 yiu td la ihiet dp (X|), ty le nguyen lieu/nudc (X2), vd hoi gian (X3) diu cd dnh hudng ldn den hdm uong chdt hda tan cua dich trich ly.
- Ddi vdi dai Iugng Y (ndng dp chat hda
^ ) : Ca ba yeu td la nhiet do, ty le nguyen ieu/nudc, thdi gian dnh hudng rdt ldn den qua i^nh trich ly (h6 sd bi= 1,250, b2= 0,751, b3=
'i898), khi mdt trong 3 yeu td nay tang thi
|ong dd chdt hda tan trong dich trich ly cung 3ng. Sy anh hudng qua lai gitJa ba yiu td ndy
•wg duoc thi hien kha, ro ret, (h| sd bi2=
yi5, b,3- 0,082, b',3= -0,094)! Nhu vdy khi
ddng thdi ca ba yiu td ndy thay ddi hoac chi mdt trong ba yiu id nay Ihay ddi thi ndng dd chat hda tan trong dich trich ly se thay ddi^va thudng tdng, nhung den mdt miic dp ndo dd thi hdm lugng chdt tan khdng tang nCa.
Gia tri r^ la hg sd tuong quan, nd cho biet su sai sd giUa kit qud thi nghiem vd tinh todn, r cang gdn 1 thi chimg td kit qua tinh toan theo phuong trinh hdi quy va kit qud thi nghiem rdt gdn nhau. Trong tnrdng hpp cu the ndy r cd gia tri 0.998, diiu nay cho thdy cdc kit qua tinh toan va thi nghiem la gdn nhau va chap nhin dupe.
F Id he sd gia tang, day la sd do tuyet ddi thd hien tinh thich img ciia mo hinh tren todn miln da chon. NIU he sd F nam trong khoang I 00- 2,50 thi chimg to ma Iran thuc nghiem da
T ^ P CHi KHOA HQC & C 6 N G NGHf CAC TRLi'^NG RAI HQC KY THtl/ST * ^ S 0 £ 6 ^ - | i | ^ chpn Id hoan todn thich irng vd ngupc lai neu Thi cdc he sd hdi qui vdo phuong trinh h? sd ndy > 2,50 thi cdn phdi chpn l^i ma Iran hoi qui tdng qudt ta cd ham muc neu.
riodc phdi chpn l^i cac diem gidi h^n. Ket qud chay U'uong trinh cho thiy F cd gid trj tir 1,00- 2,03, diiu ndy chung td ma trdn dd chpn Id hodn todn thich img.
Y= 4 0 + 1,25X, + 0,751X: ' n,X98X, - 0,300X, - 0,767Xr-0.433Xr ^ 0,11 ^.\|X: * 0,082X|X, 0,094X,x"!
.Hinli I Hull Jn /.,: null Mp giaii l.\) vu .\ ,1
##H±^
| | l
il.
4-f----
;.tf ::i:- l'-:
EEL-fpT
- -
ilii chill ht'xi lan the hien mni nrrng cpicin giira nhiit do vd thdi
Hinh 2 Bieu do he ma! dii/' ini;.; n<iii<^ dn , hii: him Inn ihc hicn moi lu<wg quan giira nhicl di) \a ty li ngincniiiii uuin l\: vt,.\.l
Hihh 3 Bieu do 'hSiftidt &dp irng ndng do chdt hoa tan the hiin moi tUong quan giira ty le vd that gian (XsVdXs) ••' -• ^11.-1! r.:r • • -. ' ,, , " " •''
w ^ ^ ^^p ^ „ j ^^Q^ HQC ^ ^3•5p^^j ^^y^^ ^^^ T R U 6 N G P.JLI HQC KY THU^JLT * s 6 86-2012
5. Xac dinh gia tri cdc yeu td dnh hudng vd cite dai cm hdm muc tieu
De tim viing tdi uu cho qud trinh trich ly, ve be mat dap img cua ndng dp chdt hda tan trong dich trich ly bdng chuong trinh NEMRODdhinh 1,2,3:
Ham lugng chat hda tan cao nhat (Y,nj,=
5,2Bx) trong khoang X| tir d thir 14 din d thir 23, X: tir d 20 din d 23, X, tir d 16 den d 20 iviqz bieu diln tren bieu dd be m$t ddp irng, tucmg img vdi nhiet dO tir 93- lOO^C, ty le nguyen lieu/ nude (g/ml) tir 7,3/45- 8,5/45 va Ihcri gian tir 8- 10 phut.
HI. KETLU-iiN
- Nguyen li?u che OP dua vao nghiSn cuu cd tdng diim chdt lupng la 18,0 dai lo^i khd iheo TCVN 3218-1993, ham Iugng tanin la 10,2% so vdi chdt khd, hdm lugng chdt hda tan la 32,8%
diu hoan loan phii hpp vdi TCVN 1454-1993.
- Diiu kien tdi uu cho qud trinh trich ly dich che la nhiet dp 93-IOO''C, ty le nguyen lieu/
nude (g/ml) tir 7,3/ 45- 8,5/ 45 va thdi gian lir 8- 10 phut; khi dd hdm Iugng chdt hod lan dat khoang 5,2Bx. ,^ ,,
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO " ^ ' ' ' ' 1. J Werkhoven; Che bien che; Nxb Dai hpc vd Gido dye chuyen nghiep. Ha Ndi I99I. ' ' ::
2. LA Khotrolava; Ky thudt chi biln che; Nxb Ndng nghiep, Ha Ndi 1985.
3. Ngi^in Canh; Quy hoach thuc nghiem; Nhd xudt ban thdnh phd Hd Chi Minh 1990.
4. 'Bo Nong nghiep va PTNT. Vii Khoa hoc Cdng nghe va chdt luang thuc phdm; Tuyln tap chuan Ndng nghiep Viet Nam, Ha Npi 2001.
5. Vu Thy Thu, Dodn Hiing Tiin, Do Thi Gdm, Giang Trung Khoa; Cac hpp chdt hoa hoc cd.ti che; Nha xudt ban Ndng Nghiep, Ha Ndi 2001.
6. Ngo Hihi Hop; Hda sinh che; Trudng Dai hpc Bdch Khoa Hd Ndi 1995.
Bfachilien h?: Do Van Chucmg - Tel: 0912237567, Email: [email protected] Trung tdm Cdng nghe sinh hpc va ve sinh an loan thuc phdm Trudng Dai hpc Kinh ll- Ky thuat Cdng nghiep.
