VAN DVNG LI THUYET TlT TIEN GlA DINH DEN HAM YNGffDlfNG GlAl M A CAC TAC P H A M VAN HQC
APPLYING THEORIES OF PRESUPPOSITION AND PARTICULARIZED CONVERSATIONAL IMPLICATURES TO INTERPRET LITERATURE WORKS
NGUYfiN D I $ U THlTOtNG (ThS; D9i hpc s u phgm, D H T h a i Nguydn)
Abstract: Presupposition is the basic of utterances. Moreover, presupposition plays an important role to make speakers' implicattires. Literature worics are very concise and succinct. Therefore, unplicaturcs arc used in these works with high fiequency, especially, particularized conversational implicature. TWs study applied the theory of presupposition and particularized conversational implicatures to interpret literature worits in school curriculum.
Key words: iHBSUjqxisition; unplicatures; literature worics; curriculum; utterances.
1. D§n nhfp bdng hanh ddng rM> bd. De tdi cda bdi tha Id 1.1. Tien gid dinh CTGD) vd ham y ngft dyng tinh ydu. Vi vgy, ll thdi d day chfnh Id nhiing ( H Y N D ) Id nhiing phgm trii quan yiu trong ngft quy dinh nrdm ra ciia xd hpi ve tinh yeu thdi dd.
dyng hpc. ^ cd mft phat n ^ n , giOa nguM ndi Ma efid cd TGD: b l ngft di sau nd, tiieo nhdn va ngudi nghe phdi mfc djnh dieu ma cd hai
cimg bilt Do ngim hilu vdi nhau nen khdng cin phdi ndi Igi khi phdt ngdn. TCJD vi vgy khdng mang thdng lin mdi md ehi la ca sd t i n tgi ciia phdt ngdn. Tuy nhidn, bdn cgnh chftc ndng dd, TGD cdn Id edi md ngirdi ndi sft dung ldm tdm dilm dl dgt dupe myc dich sdu sa qua phdt ngdn trong nhiing ngft cdnh (NC) cy thi (HYND).
Ngudi nghe muln Wlu dupc nhiing phdt ngdn ndy phai xuit phat tii TGD, diing TGD la yiu t l
"chi din" d l suy y va tim ra nfi dung ma ngudi ndi muln truyln ^ t Qua trinh suy y tft tien gid dinh din HYND cd till md Wnh hda tiidnh: TGD + NTM (nghTa tirdng minh) + NC -> HYND.
Tuy nhidn, trong mft phdt ngdn cd till ton tgi mft hofc nWlu loai TGD. Vifc van dyng TGD dl suy ra hdm ;^ (HY) khdng cW duy nhat tudn tiieo ti If 1:1 (cft mpt TGD suy ra mft HY), md cd khi tiieo ti If n:l (n>l) - tire: kit lufn Id HY dupc suy ra tii nhieu TGD Id ludn cft ngim in. Vi dy: , ^ ^
(1) Em thi ndo thi cdthemd din ' Ch& CO loay hoay sua so^ do quin
(Bdi tha sdll- Rabindranath Tgor) Ao qudn la bieu tirpng cho nhiing le thdi, quy
„ dinh cd tinh hinh thftc eiia xd hfi. Bilu tupng nay, sau dd, dupc sft dyng nhilu trong flia mdi
! Vift Nam giai dogn 1930- 1945 nhdm bdy to
" ngim i n noi bat bliih, sy phd cdch trong tu tudng
dinh efta chft thi phat ngdn. Id dieu khdng ndn lam. Vgy, vifc sda sogn, tudn thft theo nhftng lugt If trong tinh ydu Id vifc lam khdng can thilt.
HY cdu tha la: hay trd Igi ty do, bdn the ty nhien, sy chan thdnh cho tdm bin trong tinh yeu.
1.Z Homy (HY) thudng tiiay d vdn ban nghf thugt. Vdn \ ^ n ^ f thudt cd dgc trung la tfnh hinh tirpng, ham sdc "^ tai ngdn ngogi", **tWeu ngdn da f \ vi thi, HY dupc sft dyng rit phong phii vd da dgng. Ngoai ra, vdn bdn nghf thugt khdng ddi hdi sy hieu, phdn ung Igi ngay lap tuc. Ngudi vilt cd thdi gian suy nghT, lya chpn va gpt giiia. Ngudi dpc cd dilu kifn ngam nghT Idu vd den khi hieu dupc chftng thi ITnh hfi cang tiiau ddo. Tbil ndn, mft tac pham cdng tgo duoc nWlu tang ngft nghTa thi cang cd gid trj. Do vdy, vifc sft dyng HY trong cdc tdc phim vdn hpc Id khdng till tiiieu.
Dudi day, chiing tdi se vgn dyng If thuyet tft TGD din HYND d l If gidi cdc tdc pham van hpc (chu yiu la cac tac phim dupe gidng dgy ttong chuang trinh pho thdng). Cdc tdc pham nay dupc trinh bay theo cdc giai dogn vdn hpc: vdn hpc dan gian, vdn hpc trung dai vd vdn hpc hifn dai.
2. Khao sat cy t h i Zl. Van hgc dan gian
(1) E)ogn trich trong Chiin thdng Mtao Mxdy Bdm Sdn - O diing. a dieng, xudng day! Ta thach nhd nguai dg cho vdi ta day!
50 NG6N NGU* & Ddi S6NG s l 5 (247)-2016
Mtao Mxdy - Ta khdng xudng ddu, diing at Tciy ta dang cdn bgn dm vg hai chdng ta a tren nay camd
Ddm Sdn: ~ Sao ta Igi ddm nguai khi nguoi dcmg di xuong nhi? Naeai xem, ^n con /pw ndi cOa nhd nguai dudi mt, ta cung khong thim ddm naa id!
Mtao Mxdy: - Ta sg nguoi d&n ta Ida ta dimg di ldm.
Bdm Sdn: - Sao ta Igi ddm nguai khi nguoi dcmg di nhi? Nguai xem, ^n con trdu cda nhd nguai tnmg chuong, ta cSng khong them ddm n&ald!...
(Sa thi Ddm Sdn- Dan tfc fi-De) Sft thi Dam Sdn Id sft thi anh himg ciia ngudi
^ d e . Ddy Id dogn trich k l chuyfn Ddm Sdn ddnh Mtao Mxdy cftu vp vl. Trudc dd Mtao Midy liia liic Dam Sdn ciing cdc nd If len lay, ra sdng lam lyng dd keo ngudi tdi cirdp phd budn ldng ciia chang, bit Ha Nhj ve ldm vp. TGD (Sing (nguydn vdn trong tiing Edd: jidng) eW ngudi bgn kit n ^ a . Vgy, Ddm Sdn va Mtao Mxdy tiing la ban be kit nghTa ciia nhau. Thi md, Mtao Mcdy Igi ddnh phd budn lang vd cudp vp cda Dam San. Nen, Ddm Sdn gpi diing Id cd HY gieu cpt Tiep dd, ta thiy Mtao Mxdy ciing gpi Dam Sdn theo cdch iy.
"Vg hai chung td* trong lin Mtao Mxdy cd TGD: chiing ta cd chung vp. Suy ra HY Id choc tiic Dam San: vp ciia mdy gid da la vp cua tao.
c i u tnic din A khdng them nda IdBco TGD:
B khdng bdng A. Ddm Sdn da hai lin su dyng cau tnic iy trong doan trich ndy. Mdc dft trong ciu true nay khuylt B nhung NC cho bilt B chinh Id Mtao Mxdy. Vfy, cdc HY trong ldi Ddm Sdn Ian lupt la: Mtao Mxdy khdng bing con heo ndi; Mtao Mxdy khdng bing con trau. Ngudi md dem so sdnh vdi con vgt, thfm chf khdng bing lodi vft suy ra HY ciia Ddm Sdn la each ndi kWnh miet coi Mtao Mxdy khdng bdng con vft.
(3) Tmyf n cudi thudng sft dyng HY vd qud trinh suy y tgo nen tiing cudi ngam i n sdu sdc dl mua vui hodc phe phdn nhftng thdi hu tat xau trong )tti hfi. Cd md tip truyfn cucri dupc xay dyng tren ca sd sy nhim lan. KW dd, giiia ngudi ndi vd ngucri nghe khdng cd sy phd hpp SIQ' y va HY. Tmyfn "Mat roi! Chdy!" la cau chuyfn nhu
till. Cdu chityfn dupc dyng ldn tiwng NC: Ong khdch din chai ddng n ^ y ngirdi cha vdng nh^
chi cd ngudi con d nhd. NguM khdch hdi: Cha chdu ed d nhd khdng? Dfta bd syc nhd td giiy cha dl Igi dua ta^ vdo tiii, khdng thiy buQt mif ng: - Mdt rdi Bdt diu tii (ky, ngudi kMch v4 dfta Xsh tiln hdnh cufc tiiogi md moi ngudi 1^
chgy theo mft ^ tdi. TC® trong nhOng ldi cfla cgu bd Id ndi v l td d i y . Cdn TGD trong 16i ngudi khdch Id ndi ve ngirdi cha ciia cfu b^.
Ngudi khdch hdi "mdt bao gid", "sao Igi mdt"
Id ndi ve dng b l (tiidi gian, nguyen nhdn dng b6 mit) nhung dfta bd Igi Wlu Id hdi v l td giiy nh trd ldi "mdt hdm gucf*, "eh^\ Hai nguiri l$ch nhau vl TGD d l tdi dd tao tieng cudi vui vd nh?
nhdng dii vdi ngirdi dpc.
(4) Bdi ca dao Tdt nude ddu dmh Nfi dung nghTa trdn ciu trfte ciia cdc ph^
ngdn bl mdt ke ve vifc chang trai tdt nude; bd quen cWec do va chang muon xin do; trd cdng cho cd gdi dd nhdt do, Ididu giiip do. Nhung thyc chit, day cd phai cW la Idi xin do ciia chdng trai hay khdng? Hf thing cac vgt phim md chdng trai hfta trd cdng cho cd gdi: thOng xdi vd, con Ign bio, vd rugu tam, ddi chieu, ddi chdn, ddi trdm, quan tdm tiin cheo, quan ndm tiin cudi, buong cau Id nhiing vft pham dfnh hdn ciia nhd trai khi hdi cudi tiieo phong tuc rit Vift Nam. Tii d6, chftng ta hilu ra HY sdu xa ciia bdi ca dao Id ldi to tinh hit sftc ^ nhj.
(5) Bdi ca dao:
BOng ben ni ddng ngd ben ti ddng menii mong bdt ngdt
DOng bin te ddng ngd ben ni dong bdt ng&
minhmdng
Thdn em nhu chin Ida dbng ^ng .»
Phdt pho dudi nggn ndt^ hSng ban mai Hai cdu diu cda bM ea dao cd sy l$p Igi tii ngft, chi khdc Id sy dao trgt ty trong ciu tiiic ciia chiing. Dpc ldn, chung ta tiiiv khd hilu bdi k^
ciu tiftng l$p ndy. Cdu thft nhat cda bdi ca dao c6 TGD tin tgi: mft chu till tift tinh dang diimg ngS tft bin ni sang bin ti cua cdnh ding. Vd ket qui thu dupc Id.- minh mong bdt ngdt. Bin ni c6 TGD Id V) tri xung quanh chu thi phat ng&i.
Ngupc I^, bin ti Id ncri cd khodng cdch xa so viM vj tri efta chu thi phat ngdn. Trong cau thii hai
vhi la hdnh ddng ay, van chd thi dd nhur^ vj tri dftng quan sdt da dupe hodn doi so vdi luc dau.
Kit qud quan sdt dupc Id bdt ngdt minh mdng.
Tft dd, ta hilu dupc myc dfch efta chft till tift tinh trong bai ca dao Id muon thau tdm cdnh vgt d nhieu gdc df dl khdng dinh chdc chdn: cdnh ding rfng ldn. Cdnh phdi dep nhu thi nao mdi cd thi tgo cdm hiing muln thdu torn, ndm gift ciia chu thi trft tinh dhn vgy. Qua vifc till hifn tu till n ^ cdnh, tac gid ddn gian da HY ca ngpi vd d?p cua qud huang minh. Hm cdu flio cuoi ndi dm
"thdn em". Vdy thdn em la m? Trudc hit, chiing ta ciing da cd mft TGD Id md tip trong ca dao Vift Nam: thdn em thudng ndi ve than phdn ngudi phy nft. Vgv, nguM frfiy nft d bdi ca dao ndy Wfn ldn nhu the ndo? Chin liia la cdch gpi tiieo ngdn ngft d^ frfiirong vung Bdc Tmng Bd. Trong ngdn ngft hdng ngdy, chung ta sft dung hiiih dnh midu td tiidi kl liia tri ddng Id: lOa dang thi con gdi. Cho ndn, thdn em tix)i^ cdu ca dao hdn Id mft cd gai dang tran til arc song, tre trung. Them nghia so sdnh vdi nggn nmg hdng ban mai Igi cdng I ^ tdng thdm vd d ^ tucri tin cda cd ^ i . Bdi ca dao dd ca ngqri vd d ^ qud huong, dit nude vd con ngudi.
Nhu vgy, chiing ta cd thi vgn dyng If th\syh tii TGD din HYND de gidi md cdc tdc pham vdn hpc dan gjan. TGD trong vdn hpc ddn gian chft yiu Id TGD bach khoa hogc neu Id TGD tft vyng eiing Id nhiing tft ngft d\a phuong, nhiing cadi ndi thdng dyng. Dilu nay phdn kh diing d$c ^ I m van hpc dan gjan Id vdn hpc ciia quin chiing nhdn ddn (vdn hpc binh dan). VI till, HY dupc tgo ra rat don gjSn, mfc mgc vd de Weu.
ZZ Vdn hgc tnmg dgi
(6) So sdnh y n.'^atamstm tiong IV^ em vdn pie tam ldng son (Ho Xuan Huong) va Ttim son ggt riia bcK) gid cho phai (NffxymDu).
Con ngudi gin gift, nang niu nhihig gi ^ t d?p, ddng tran trpng vd lo^ bd, gf t nia nhimg gi xiu xa, phdi hi th^n.
Do vgy, tft giu cd TGD b l ngft Id mft 4eu ^ t d^. Vi dy: gift gin bSn sdc vdn hod dan tfc, gift
^ sy trong sdng ciia tieng Vift,...Vd tdm long son ldm b l ngft cho dpng tft gu trong tha Ho Xudn Huong Id mft dieu tot d?p, d^ trdn trpng.
Cy till, dd la tim ldng chung tfiuy, son sdt cda ngudi phy nft trong xd hfi phong ki&i.
Tdm son lam b l ngft cho dfng tft ^t rOa trong Truyen Kieu cua Nguyin Du cd TGD ring: trudc do, vgt dem g^ nia Id mft (filu xiu xa. NC cho bilt: (Ey Id dilu dd viy ban, 6 ue. Tft dd cd till If
^ cdu tha ciia N g u y ^ Du Id sy dau xdt cua Kilu kW khdng cdn gift dupc tdm ldng son cho Kim Trpng.
(7) Khoan khoan ngii do chd ra Ndng Idph^ gdi ta Id phgn trm
(Luc Vdn Tiin- Nguyin Dinh Chilu) Ddy Id cdu ndi cua Lye Vdn Tidn khi da ^ n h cudp cftu Kilu Nguyft Nga. Van Tien nhdc nhd N^iyft Nga chd ra \ i ndng Id phgn gdi cdn ta la phm trai. D I Weu dupc dilu ndy cin phdi cd sy wlu bilt Id TGD v l quy # i h trong xa hfi phong kiln vdi sy phan bift nam nii rit rgch rdi: nam na thf th{i bdt thdn. Vi vgy, Ijgc Van Tien HY: nang dimg ra dl trdnh vi [^igm khudn phdp iy.
(8) Ngdn dM cd sd. tuai hio bdi trdi M§ Ididng phdi khmg muon chd chdng ccm vi md ihdng gdng an miing cam mieng chdo dgng cimg vui sum hgp.
Song long tham vd cimg md vgn trdi kho trdnh Nude hit chudng rinmdsdkM cmg ki?t Mpt tSn thdn tdn, nguy trong sdm tdi, vi^c sdng chit Idiong khdi j^iiin den am. Chdng ccm nai xa xdi hhmg biet sdng chit thi ndo, Ididng thi ve den an dugc Sau nqv, trdi xdt long lanh ban cho phOc due, ^mg e^ng tuai tot. con chdu ddy ddn, xanh kia quyit chdng phft ccm, cSngnhuconddchdngj^m^.
(Chi0>in ngudi con gdi Ncmt Xuong - NgiQ'ln Dft)
Ddy Id phdt ngdn eiia ngirfri m^ ching Vu Nuong trudc liic nhdm m i t Trong dd chfta nWeu TGD Id nhOr^ trilt If v l ddi ngirdi mang dfc trung vdn hod phuong Ddng: con ngudi sing chit la do tiicri 6^ (ngin ddi cd jo^ tucri heo Wri trai); dng trdi khdng phu ldng ngudi tot (xanh kia quyet ching phy con ciing nhu con da cbdi^ phy m?).
Ngodi ra cd cac TGD vl Id tiiudng: dd Id con ngirdi till khdng trdnh khdi cdi chet; tuoi gid din tW cdi chit cang khd dodn djnh (mgt tdm thdn tdn nguy trong sdm tdi); cd nhimg dy djnh, mong muln cik con ngudi khdng the thyc Wfn dupc; khi cha mp mat, con dd fiidi vl ben linh cihi dl tgn Wlu vdi cha mp (chdng con noi xa xdi...khdng the vi din an dttgc). Tft nhiing TGD tien suy ra HY cua ngucri m?: tiidi gian qua nhanh, da d ^ luc me ra di
52 NG6N NGU* & Ddi S6NG s l 5 (247)-2016
khdng till chd chong con ve sum hpp mgc dd rit muon; m$ mong rdng sau ndy cdc con se hgnh phiic, nhu vfy mp yen ldng nhdm mdt
Nhu vfy, khi xem xdt ngW&i cftu HYND trong cac tdc pham thufc vdn hpc tnmg dgi, NC cd vm trd rat quan trpng dl hilu chfnh xdc HY ma tdc gid muln ndi. Ngodi NC hep (\k ngudi ndi, ngucri nghe, thdi gian, dia diem) dupc ndi tdi trong tdc phim, dl giai md dupc cdc tdc phim trong giai dogn vdn hpc ndy can [Mi dya vdo NC rfng pa todn bf nhiing nh§n t l xa hfi, dia li, kinh tl, vdn hod O^hong tyc, tap qudn,...) ciia cdng dong].
Chdng 1 ^ ndn bli cdnh vdn hod cua tac phim.
Ngoai ra, cd mft ^ ^ I m noi bgt cua cdc tdc pham v3n hpc trong gjai dogn nay Id vifc sft dyng rat nWeu cdc diln cl, dien tidi. Dien co, Sen tich la mft trong nhiing thu phap nghf thu|t c ^ thii dii vcri vSn hpc c l tnmg dgi. Nhiing Wlu bilt ve chiing chfnh la tien de de It giai -^ nghTa eua cdc cau tiia, cduvSn.
(9) Bau ldng nhuc dc, chcx dd mudi may ndm trdi
Nem mgi ndm gai hdphdi mgt hai sdm tdi.
(Binh Ngo dgi cao - Nguyen Trai) Cym tft nim mat ndm gai cd dien tich lidn quan Id cau chuyfn nudi chi phyc quIc cda Cdu Tien. Sau khi dupc tha, Wmg ngay Cau Tien tiiudng nim mgt ddng dl dn khdng thiy ngon, thudng nim tren ding cui gai dl ngu khdng dupc ydn giac. Sau hai muoi ndm tich cue ren luyfn tinh tiian, ehju dyng gian khi, Cau Tiln dd tiling dupc nude Ngd. Nhu vgy, Nguyen Trai sft dyng dien tich nay vdi ham ^ Id dien ta ldng quyet tam nudi chi ldn vd trd thu.
Tuong ty nhu vgy, cd till dya vao TGD v l cdc dien CO, dien tich de li gidi y ngJiTa trong nhftng trudng hpp sau:
(10) Hgi ndo bdng hgi Mgnh Tdn: nhu vuffng suhpLd
Trgn ndo bdng trgn Buy Thiiy: nhu quoc if hg Hon.
(Phd song Bgch Bang - Tmcmg Han Sidu) TGD: vuong su hp U chfnh Id Ld Vpng- mft quan su tdi ba dd gidp vua Vii hfi qudn cdc nude chu hiu d Mgnh Tdn vd dif t dupe vua Try tdn dc;
quoc sT hp Hdn chinh Id Han Tin, ngudi ddi Hdn, da gidp Luu Bang ddnh tan qudn Te d Duy Thuy.
Tft dd, ta wlu ^ n^iia hai cdu tiia nay la dl cao tai tri ciia vua toi nhd Tran.
(11) Gmmg kia treo cung hung hd Ban kia gdy cBng ngdn n^ tiing ^n.
(Khdc Duang Khui - Ngiijln Khuyen) Guang Ma cd TGD: Trin Phin tfidi Hau Han cd ngudi bgn tiidn Id Tft Tri. Tran Phin danh rieng cho bgn mft cdi giudng. KW ban din dioi thi men ngii, liic bgn vl Igi treo giudng len.
Bdn Ida cd TCSD: cdu chuyfn v l tinh ban gjua Ba Nha - mft vien quan nude Tin, va Tft KJ - mft tieu phu ben Hdn Giang. Dilu kW^ hu nguiM hfi ngf vd trd thdnh tri am tri ki xuit phdt tii nhOng cung dan, £ f u nhgc. Sau kW Tft Ky chit, Bd Nha dgp bd dan \ i cho rdng khdng cd ai hilu dupc ti^
dan cua minh.Cd dasyh ndi la Ba Nha treo ^ khdng gdy nfta.
Tac ^ d dCmg 2 (filn tich nay dl ndi Idn tinh bgn tri dm tri ki giiia tdc g ^ vd Duong Khue. Qua do, lam noi bgt noi ^ u mit bgn tft nhiiiig dau hifu ben ngoai cua sy vgt dd kit dpng vdo trong s3u thim tdm khdm cda nhd tha.
Z3. Vdn hgc hifn dpi
(12) Do sdc ep cua cmg lugn d Ph^ va Baig Duang dng Va-ren da nua chbih thdc Mu se chan soc vu Phan Bdi Chdu dng Ma thi, gid thucuda rdng mdt Vf torn qityin Ddng Duang md Igi biit ^ j Idi hda di chdng nda. tiu chung ta vdn dupc phep t^ \ hdi, li^u quan todn quyin Va-ren se "cham sdc" n
^ vdo lih ndo vara ldm scK>?
(NhOng trd idhtjy Id VarenvaPhcm Bgi Chdu- Nguyen M QuIc)
Dogn trich trdn ehiia nWeu TGD: l)Tln tgi siic dp ciia cdng lugn d Phdp vd d Ddng Duong len dng Va-ren (do sOc ip cua cdng lugn a Phm vd Bdng Duang); 2)Sitc dp ndy cd lidn quan d ^ cy Phan Bpi Ch&i (hOa se ef0m sdc v(/ Phan Bgi Chdu), 3)Va-ren dd hiia ve vifc cda Phan Bf i Chau (&^
Va-ren dd nua chinh thdc hda se cMm soc vp Phan Bgi ChSu); 4)Ngudi viet mia mai vl led hua nay, chua chdc dd dupc tiiyc Wfn, md neu dlioc tiiyc Wfn ciing khdng nhu du lufn mong mutsi (nOa chinh thuc, li^u quern todn quyin Va-ren d
"chdm sdc " vydy vdo lOc ndo vd ra ldm saoTy, 5)Tln tgi sy tiift: cdc vj todn qi^ln Ddng Ducmg Ididng bilt gift \in hfta (gid thd ca cho rdng mgt vj todn quyin Ddng Duang md Igi biit giu ldi hua i
NG6N NGC & B(n S6NG
chdng nOd). Tft nhiing TGD nay SIQ' ra HY ciia tdc gia: vgdi trin bp n ^ bjp bpm xdo trd cua ten todn quyen mdri, thyc chat hdn ciing khdng khac g^
nhiing tdn trudc,
(13) Mpt hdm, cd toi ggi tdi din bin cudi hdi:
- Hdng! may cd muon vdo Thanh Hod chai vdi m? mdy khdng?...
- Sao igi ihdng vdo? Mg mdy pAA tm ldm, cd nhu dgo trudc dAt!...
- Mdy dtfl qua. cd vdo di. tao chgy cho tiin tdu Vdo md bdtmgmdynuty vd vd sdm siea cho vd thdm embichd.
(Nhiing ngdy thadu- N g i ^ ^ Hlng) Tren ^ y Id nhihig ldi ciia bd cd trong dogn thoai vdi cgu be Hong. Phdt tai cd TGD la sy gidu cd hon trudc. N ^ i ra, cd mft TGD: tft trudc bd cd khdng ung gi mp Hong. Vi till, "mp mdy phdt tdi ldm'* khdng mang nfi dung thdng bdo ma cd HY cudi cpt, mia mai vifc bd mp tha phirong ciu thyc kiem dn. Vdo thdm em be chu cd TGD: m?
Hlng da sinh thdm em bd. Hong Id dfta ti:d m l cdi bo. Vgy, ngudi me cd thdm em bd tiic Id mp Hong dS cd ngudi dan dng khdc va sinh con. NC cho biet me Hlng chua doan tang ching md da cd con vdi ngucri Ididc. Dilu ndy khdng di^fc chip nhfn trong xd hfi, nhit Id trong thdi ki chiu dnh hudng ndng nl ciia le giao phong kiln. Tft do, bd cd cd HY mia mm lli lim cua ba me. Tit cd nhftng dilu trdn bfc If sy that v l ldi xiii giyc Hong vao tham m? ciia ba cd. Nd khdng cd dieu kifn cua ldi khuyen chdn thanh xuat phdt tft tim ldng, tmh thuong hay sy quan tam ^ ca, ma nd la nhiing ldi xia xdi co tinh xoay sdu vdo nii dau ciia dfta chau mo cdi.
(14) Mft trong nhung tac pl^m dupc day trong chuong trinh ngft vdn 11 la So' ^ cda Vu Trpng Phyng, vdi dogn trich dupc ngudi bien sogn d$t tieu de: Hgnh phiic mgt temg gia Tieu dd nay cd sy bit tiiudng. Cd mft TGD la 16 tiiudng: kW ndi din tang gia vln ndi din sy dau thuong, mit mdt, c h i ^ n buon. Chdng ta cW ndi den hghh phuc kW cd nhftng cbiQ'f n vui mftng. Vgy, hdn tidu d l cd HY sdu sa. Dogn trich Id dogn mieu td sy tiiod mdn ciia nhftng con ngudi trong gia dinh cy c l Hlng tiudc cai chet cua cu t l . Qua dd, HY cua tieu de iy Id sy mia mai xa hpi Au hod kfch cdm dd tam ^ o Ifn mpi gid tri dgo dftc, vdn hoa, loi
(15) Tnmg tac pham Chi Phio efta Nam Cao, cW tilt kit thuc tdc phim cd ham chfta in ^. N ^ e tin CW Phdo chet, nhd lm nhung Idc song chung vdi l ^ thi Nd nim nhanh xudng bung vd dgt nhiin thf thdy thodng hi^n ra mgt edi Id ggch cS bd khong xa nhd cOa vd vdng ng^ lai qua,... Hinh dnh cai Id ggch bd hoang cd TGD Id noi CW Pheo bj bd roi 1 ^ sinh ra. Vgy, HY cda tdc gid: biet ddu ching cd mft "CW Phdo con" bude ra tft "cdi Id ggch cu" vdo ddi vd de '"noi ngjiif p bl". HY t l cdo sau sa dia tac [diim: Wfn tupng Ctd Hieo chua tiie hit kW md x3 hfi tdn bEUD vln khdng cho con ngudi dupp sing win Idnh, tft tl, thi sd cdn nhihig ngirdi dan lanh bj diy vdo con dudng luu manh.
(\6)-Chmtvan6ng. nhd chdu vua nm tmh du^
mgt luc, ingthacho...
Hinh nhu tdc qud Ididng the ehju dugc. chi Bgu lieu mgng cic Igi:
- Ch^g toi dau om, dng Ididng dugc phep hdnh hg.
Cai I? tdt vdo mdt chf mgt cdi bop, rdi hdn cd nhdy vdo cgnh anh Dgu
CM Dgu nghien hai hdm rdng
-M^ trdi ng<^ chdng ba^ bdchomgyxem.
(Tdtden-'HgoTkTh) LM ndi ciia chj Ddu trong doan thogi vdi tdn cm If cd sy biwi doi ve ngdi g^ao tiqi. Dau tien chi xung chdu vd gpi cai If bdng dng cd TGD vj Ihl thap. Chi coi cm If Id be trdn, va minh cW la kd dan den, yiu till. KW nay, cai If dang ndm trong tay qiQ^n sinh qi^ln sdt dii vdi ching chj. Cach xung hd nhu vgy cd HY tdc dfng vao tdm If de van xin, tim kilm sy ban on cho chong. Nhung trudc hdnh dfng cua ten cm If, chj da ndng vi the minh len n ^ g hang vdri bin qua c3p tii tdi/ dng. Sau dd, den dinh fBlm, chj Dgu da xung bd gpi m^. KW nay, chi Dfu dd trd thdnh be tren ciia cai If. Sy thay dii trong cdch xung hd cua chi Ddu trong hpi thogi vdi cai If da tao ra HY Id sy phdn khang mdnh li^ cua ngudi ndng ddn kW hp bi ke cim quyin ap bftc. Ddy ciing Id HY ma nhan dl dogn trich do ngudi sogn sdch ddt ra da tiidu tom dupc nfi dung chfnh efta doan: tde meac vd bd.
(17) Anh thgt id... Thdi dugc, hda vdi anh, tdi Idiong bd chgy dm. Chi tudn sent la quy trinh sdn XU& mdi se dugc triin khai dng Bdng Kisdt! Khd thdn tdi, tdi igi giong kf md JQmchd. r^ yeu vd
54 NGON N G f & B(n S 6 N G Sl5(247)-2016
^ l i l
khdng thi thiiu dugc Ddng Kisot N^. nkmg dut ihock cdc coi xay gid nd se ^m cho chung ta dn no ddn nhuta^.
(Tdi vd chung ta - Luu Quang Vu) Ddy Id Idi cua nhdn vgt Le Son (Jd su) ndi vdi giam doc Hodng Vift Cdu ndi cua Le Son cd TGD: da cd sy vifc xay ra ldm cho hai nhan vgt ndy lo ling. TGD: Bong fSsdt la wg chft cua kj md Xan chd. GiOa hp cd mli cpian hf liidn tWit gan giii nhau nhu nhihig ngudi bgiL Hp ndm troi^
tdc [diim Ddn Kihdtd cua nhd ^ n Xdc van tec.
Trong tac phim nay, D d i ^ Kisot da bj no ddn d ti^ danh nhau vdi coi xay gid. Vfy, d ^ y , tronp liri Le Son tiii anh ta vd Hodrig \5ft dang g ^ c^i my go ctia minh tftc la g ^ phe dii Ifp ndo dd. NC cho biet cmi chuyfn phdn dnh cupc diu tranh gay git dl tiiay dii phuong tiiftc th chftc, le lli hogt dfng sdn xuit d xi nghifp Tiling Lpi. Noi ddy dang xdy ra xung dft giiia mpt bdn cd tu tirdng b ^ tiid khu khu gift liy cdc nguyen tic, quy chl da lgc hgu (dgi d i ^ : Nguyen CMih - phS gidm doc, Truong - qudn doc phan xudng, tran Khdc - dgi difn l»n thanh tra bf) vdi mft bdn cd tu tudng mdri, tinh thin ddm n ^ ddm ldm, khdt khao dii mdi vi lpi fch ciia mpi ngudi ( ^ i difn: Hodng Vift- gidni die, Thanh - kfp trudng phan xudng 1, Ld Son - Id su vd ddng ddo cdrig nhdn). NC n ^ y trudc phdt ngdn tren cda Ld Son la cufc xung dft tiyc tiep kW hai bdn thi Wfn cdng Idiai quan dilm.
Do Vgy, HY ciia Ld Son Id: canh bdo dii vdi gidm die Hodng Vift: chdc chdn cac lye lupng doi n^ich d cdng ty sd tim mpi edch logi trft, ngdn ch§n vifc thyc hifn ke hogch mdi va nhftng ngudi ung hf kl hogch mdi cOng s5 bj tra g i l Tuy thi nhung Ld Son se l u ^ d ben Id trp tiiu cho Hoang Vift trong cufc cWin nay.
Sang vdn hpc Wfn dgi, ta tiiiy HYND dupc van dyng nWeu bdi khdng cdn bi anh hudng khudn miu nhu cdc tdc pham tiidi tnmg ^ i . Sy ty do nay kWen cdc tac gid cd thi thodi mai trm ldng minh.
Phong cdch cd nhan ciia cdc tdc gid qua do dupc bfc If rd net E)e ndm 1 ^ Arpc HYND, chung ta phdi ^ bift quan tam tdi nhiing NC rieng bift
3. Kit lufn
Vifc vgn dyng li tfiuyet tii TGD den HYND vao vifc giai md cdc tac i^iim vdn chuong (chu yeu la cdc tdc jdiim d ^ d ttudng phi thdng) da
giiip chdng ta nhgn ra mftc df, cdch thuc tgo HYND trong mli giai dogn vdn hpc ling vdi nhiing till logi cy tiie. Nhd dd, diftng ta cd dil d^
ra phuong fdi^ tiq) nhgn hdm ngdn mft cdch hi^
qud tii TCJD. Dd Id con dudng dua Igi HY ch&ih xdc bdi qud tiinh suy y chft chd. Hon niia, vdi gi£o vien, cdch suy ;^ cd c a sd viing chdc Id TGD sd tgo ra Icri ^ang g j ^ cho hpc sinh diy tfnh thuyet phgc.
Vdi hpc sinh, khd ndng tu duy sd dupc ren liQfn va din Wnh tiidnh cdc Id ndng dl cd dupc ndng lgc ndm bat HY mft cdch chft dfng. Vifc truyln d(it hay Iihh hf i HY Id vd cftng khd, nhit Id HYND ludn ddi hdi cd sy vfn dyng ndng dfng cda cdc yiu t l NC. Do vfy,' gido vien cd till dilu chinh hf thing cdu hdi gpi md cua minh ddnh cho hgc sinh bing "cdch thdm vdo nhiing gpi ^ tcong vi?c xdc dinh nhiing TGD.chu chot, can thiet dh tgo nen HYND. Ddi vdi vdn hpc ddn gian, TGD chii , yiu Id cdc In thiic bdch khoa cd tinh thdng dyng, gin gui nen hpc sinh cd thi tiep thu mft cdch cu ddng. Vdn hpc trung dgi, gido vidn cin chii j nhan mgnh din yiu to NC rfng Oi^h sft, phong tyc, tap qudn,...), cdc diln c l , diln tich cho h(?c sinh. Den vdn hpc Wfn dgi, vifc din dit hpc sinh cd phin khd khdn ban vi cd sy biln hod vdi dSv dii cdc dgng TGD, sy da dgng efta NC. VI the, gido vidn can hudmg dan hpc smh tim ra dupc cho quan trpng Id nhftng mit xfch trpng chuSi suyy.
T A I L I $ U THAM K H A O 1. Dd Hihi Chdu (Chu bidn) - Biii Mmh Tofin (1993), Bgi cuang ngdn ngO h?c, tfp 2, Nxb Giio dvc,H.-
2. Nguyen Dftc Ddn (1987), Ld^ch - ngtcngfih - cu phdp, Nxb Dgi hpc vd Trung hpc chuySn nghifp, H.
3. Nguyin Diic Dan (1996), ZdgfcA vd tiing f7^/, Nxb Gido dyp,R
4. Nguyen Diifc Ddn (1998), Nga dimg hgc, t?p 1, Nxb Gido dye, H.
5. George Yule (2000), Dgng hgc (Bdn didi ciia nhdm tdc ^ Hlng Nhdm, Trdc Thanh, Ai Nguyen; Wfu dinh: Difp Quang Ban), Nxb Dfi hpc QuIc gia HdNf i, H.
6. Dd Tlij Kim Lidn (2005X Gido trinh ngff dimg hgc, Nxb E)gi hpc Quoc ^ H.
7. Hoang Phd (2003), Loffc - ngon ngd AfW, Nxb DdNdng, DN.
