CONG KHAI DO LIEU CA NHAN TREN MANG XA HOI CUA SINH VIEN
GS.TS. Tran Thj Minh Diic
Khoa Tdm ly ligc. Dgi hgc Khoa hpc xd hpi vd Nhdn vdn, Dgi hgc Qudc gia Hd Ngi.
' TOM T A T
TUsdlieu dieu tra bdng bdng hdi tren 4.205 sinh vien co sif dung mgng xd hpi a cdc iltdnh pho' Idn. ldc gid phdn tich nhiing ket qua the hien sif tu cdng khai dif lieu cd nhdn cua sinh vien, nhiften hien thi, dnh hien thi vd nhiing tftdng tin cd nhdn khdc.
Mpt sdkei qua thu dugc ve sucong khai thong tin cd nhdn nhiisau: 11 Co 46,8% sinh vien de ten that; 51,5% de dnh that; 59,1% cong khai ngdy thdng ndm sinh; 46,2%
cong kfiai noi d; 54.9% cfio mgi ngudi biel sd thich cua hdn than; 44,5% cong khai quan diem cd nhdn va 27.5% sinh vien cdng khai sddien thogi cita minh tren mgng xd hpi. 21 Ket qua phdn tich theo thd'ng ke suy ludn cho thdy cd mdi tifang quan lliitdn giifa nhCfng sinh vien sif dung ten that vdi viec de dnh that tren profile cua hg; nhom nhung sinh vien de ten gid cd xu hudng vie't nhdi ky, binh lugn nhieu hon, trong khi do nhdm sinh vien sif dung dnh thai cita minh tren mgng hg cd xu hifdng bdy to cdm xitc, y kien nhieu han cdc nhom con lgi; nhrfng sinh vien cang cd nhieu bgn tren ltd so mgng, ciing nhif nhiing sinh vien cdng co nhieu sd lifgng hgn thudng xuyen trao ddi tren mgng thi hg Igi cdng co xu hudng de dnh lligt tren mgng. Tif cdc ket qua ndy co the nhdn dinh chung rdng, gdn 112 trong long sd sinh vien duoc nghien cifu co xu hifdng ti( cong khai cdc thdng tin cd nhdn, cung nhu tu the hien bdn thdn minh tren mgng xa hpi. Ddy Id dieu ddng bdo dgng ve sif la Id bdo mat thdng tin rieng tif ciia gidi tre.
Til khoa: Mgng xa hpi; Sinh vien; Cong khai thdng lin.
Ngdy nhdn bdi: 5/9/2014; Ngdy duyet ddng bdi: 25/9/2014.
1. Dat v a n d e
M a n g xa hgi la m d t dich vu ke't ndi cac ca n h a n , cac n h d m xa hdi cd cung sd thich nhung n h i l u muc dich khac nhau thdng qua p h u o n g tien truyln thdng internet. Khi cac ca nhan tham gia vao m a n g xa hdi thi k h o a n g each v l khdng gian dia ly, thdi gian, dan tdc, gidi ti'nh, do tudi khdng cdn la md'i can trd.
N h d cac chiic nang va thudc tinh ciia m a n g xa hgi, ngudi sir d u n g cd co hdi tu edng khai thdng tin va tu t h i hien ban than nhieu hon, khac phuc dugc nhirng nhuge diem eua giao tiep true tiep. Theo Derlega va cdng .sir (1993), tu
16 TAP CHI TAM LV H O C S d 10 (187), 10 - 2014
cdng khai (self-disclosure) dugc dinh nghia la su tilt Id nhiing thdng tin vl chinh ban than mmh. Nhirng thdng tin nhu ten, tudi, ngay sinh, ndi cu tni va mdt sd' thdng tin liln quan khac se dugc ngudi sii dung mang lua chon de hiln thi minh qua hd so (profile) tren mang xa hdi IdSn theo 1].
Mdt khai niem khac co liln quan mat thie't den khai niem tu cdng khai cua thanh thie'u niln tren mang xa hdi dd la "tu the hien" (self-presentation).
Theo Shouten (2007), tu the hien la viec ca nhan cam nhan vl ngudi khac hoac su viec bang each trinh bay quan diem ca nhan cua minh. Cd the hieu nj cdng khai va tu thi hien ciia ngudi sir dung mang xa hdi cd lidn quan chat che trong viec tra ldi hai cau hdi tuong iing: Tdi la ai? vd Tdi Id ngudi nhu the ndo? Tu cdng khai thiic d^y su tu thi hien va tu thi hiln gdp ph^n lam tang su tu edng khai [11.
Sd lilu dilu tra bang bang hdi trdn 4.205 sinh vien cd sir dung mang xa hdi d 6 thanh phd Idn (Ha Ngi, Hai Phdng, Vinh, Hue, Da NSng va thanh phd Hd Chi Minh), dugc xir ly va phan tich bang phdn mim SPSS 16.0 nhu sau:
rieng vdi ke't qua phan tich vl mire do edng khai thdng tin ca nhan trdn mang xa hgi cua sinh vien, chiing tdi xem xet nhiing bien dinh danh nham lam ro miie dd cdng khai ten, anh va cac thdng tin khac nhau dugc hiln thi tren profile ciia mdi ca nhan sinh vien. Phuong phap xii ly sd lieu tap trung vao cac phep loan thdng ke md la (tinh dilm phdn tram cac phuong an lua chgn va tuong quan cheo) va cac phep thd'ng ke suy luan (bao gdm cac phep so sanh nham xem xet nhiing khac bill mang y nghia thd'ng ke vl cae miie do cdng khai ten, anh that va cac thdng tin ca nhan khac nhau theo miic do viel nhat ky va binh luan; miic dd bay td cam xiic, y kiln va sd lugng ban tren mang ma sinh vien cd trong danh sach hd so ciia minh, cung nhu sd lugng ban ma hg thudng xuyen trao ddi). Ke't qua phan tich phuong sai one-way ANOVA giira eac nhdm diu cho tha'y ed y nghTa vl mat thd'ng ke vdi p(F.,csr) < 0,01.
2. Phdn tich ket qua nghien curu
Dl phan tich mirc dd cdng khai Ihdng tin ca nhan tren mang xa hdi cua sinh viln, chiing tdi se lan lugt lam ro nhiing thdng tin ma sinh vien tu cdng khai nhu ten hiln thj, anh hiln thi va nhiing ihdng lin ca nhan khac.
2.1. Cong khai ten hien thi tren mgng xd hpi cua sinh vien
Ten hien thi Iren mang xa hdi la mdt tieu ehi quan trgng danh gia sir lu cdng khai ciia ngudi sir dung, trong dd cdng khai ten that la co sd danh tinh dau tien cho nhiing mdi quan he ciia mdi ngudi. Trong nghien ciiu nay, ten hien thi tren mang xa hdi bao gdm: Ten that (ten chinh xac tren chiing minh thu ciia sinh vien). Ten gid (ten sinh vien mudn hiln thi tren mang xa va Ten tufa that niia gid (sinh vien sir dung mdt phdn ten that va mdt phan ten gia, nhu Trang Moon, Ha beo, Vilt teo.
TAPCHfTAMLyHQCSd'10 (187), 10-2014 17
^ ^
1 i
46.8' I
O Ten that
• Ten gia n Ten niia that niJa gia
Bieu do 1: Ten hien thi tren mgng xd hpi cua sinh vien (%)
Ket qua bieu do 1 eho tha'y: 46,8% sinh vien duoe hoi cho rang hg dl ten thai cua minh tren mang xa hdi. Mac du ngudi dung mang xa hdi cd thi tu do lua chgn ten ciia minh dl dang ky thdng tin ea nhan. Nhung, cac trang mang van khuyin khich ngudi diing sir dung ten that cua minh dl dang ky bdi cac van de ed lien quan din viec khdi phuc tai khoan ne'u bi ma't hay quen mat khau.
Mat khac, hiln thi ten that tren mang giiip nhiing sinh vien nhan ra nhau dl dang hon. Nhilu y kiln phan hdi tren mang cho thay, hg cd thi tim thay nhiing ban be tir hdi hgc phd thdng, hay tim dugc ngudi than lau nam ma't lien lac ciia minh qua Facebook.
Ddi vdi khdng it sinh vien, ed the viee dl ten that da khdng lam cho sinh vien hoan toan hai long, cdn dai tdn gia thi hg khdng dugc nhan bie't, nen viec dat ten nira that nira gia ed the dem lai eho ho su cudn hiit hem, dac biet khi hien nay nhieu ban tre chau A thich dai ten minh theo mgt ten lieng Anh ma hg yeu thich, nhu Alice Thao, Liz Ha. VI vay cd den 31,0% sd sinh vien dugc hdi Sli dung ten nira that, nira gia tren mang xa hdi.
Cd mgt ty le nhd hon - chiem 22,2% sinh vien dl ten gia Iren mang xa hgi. NhiJng ten gia sinh vien thudng dimg la nhiing biet danh hg yeu thi'ch hoac ten cLia mdt ngudi nao dd, miln khdng phai ten minh. Dd'i vdi nhiing sinh vien nay, cd the viec cho ngudi khac biel "minh la ai" khdng phai la dilu hg quan tam hoac hg thuc su khdng mudn ngudi khac biet ten ciia minh Irong cdng ddng mang. Nhilu y kie'n phan hdi tren mang cho rang, viec dl ten that hay ten gia khdng cd y nghTa vdi nhiing ngudi da quen biet ngoai ddi, nd chi ddn thudn la dat mgt eai ten ma hg thich tren mang xa hgi khi online. Nhung y kien khac thi cho rdng, khi dat mdt ten gia, hg cd the bay id suy nghT ciia minh mgt each trung thuc nha't. Ne'u cd bi cdng ddng "nem da" hg vdn cd cai "bao" dung nen
"khdng earn thay dau" Vdi mdt sd khae, dat eai ten gia tren mang se giup hg
TAPCHlTAMLyHQCSd 10(187), 10-2014
cd th^ ling nghe mdt each binh tinh ngudi khac ndi vl ho, giijp ho tir do bdc Id va CO th^ nhin nhan, danh gia ban than mdt each idiach quan. Kaveri Subrahmanyam va Patricia Greenfield (2008) cho rang, ddng co phd bie'n nha't cho cac trai nghiem ban sac la tu tham dd (d^ quan sat phan vtng ciia ngudi khac), b6i thudng thiet hai xa hdi (de bii ddp cho su nhiit nhat) va tao thuan loi cho xa hdi (de tao cac mSi quan he) [3].
Ke't qua phan tich phuong sai one-way ANOVA cho tha'y, md'i quan he giQa mtic dd vie't nhat ky* va binh luto vdi cac nhdm hien thi ten (ten that, ten gia, ten niia that niia gia) cd y nghia thd'ng ke (F = 6,42 va p = 0,00). Trong dd, nhom nhiing sinh vien d^ ten gia cd xu hudng vie't nhat ky, binh luto nhieu hon dang k^ so vdi cac nhdm cdn lai, dac biet khi so vdi nhdm sinh vien d^ ten that.
Dieu nay cd th^ duac giai thich ring, khi nhttng sinh vien d^ ten gia ho cam tha'y til do hon trong viec cdng khai cam xiic ctia minh tren mang.
2.2. Cong khai dnh hien thi tren mang xd hgi ctia sinh vien Ten hi^n thi cdng khai giiip ban be tren mang cd the dl dang tim tha'y nhau trong trudng hop nhOng ten do khdng bi triing vdi nhiing ngudi khac. Tuy nhien moi ngudi cd the nhan ra nhau de dang hon ne'u ho de' anh that cua ho tren profile.
Nhihig sinh vien trong nghien ciiu duoc yeu cau tra ldi cau hdi ve anh hien thi trSn mang xa hdi theo phuong an cu th^ gdm: "dnh eiia hgn" (anh that cd mat ciia ho); "dnh co the nhdn ra bgn" (anh ho chup mdt phan khudn mat hoac anh tap the cd ho) va "dnh khdng the nhdn ra bgn" (anh hp su diing khdng phai la anh cd khudn mat ho).
^
1 '
51.5 1
O Anh Clla ban
• Anh CO the nhan ra ban n Anh khong the nhan ra ban
Bieu do 2: Anh profile tren mgng xd hpi cita sinh vien (%)
Ty le sinh vidn dl anh that ciia hg tren mang xa hdi chiem 51,5%, nhilu hdn han so vdi nhiing anh khdng phai la hg - chiem 19,3% (xem bilu dd 2).
Viec sinh vien de anh that cQng nhu ten that se giiip eho nhiing ngudi ban tren
TAPCHfTAMLyHQCSd 10(187), 10-2014
mang xa hdi cua ho tim tha'y nhau de dang hon. Trong trudng hgp ho bi khoa tai khoan hay nhiing trang mang yeu ciu xac minh tai khoan ca nhan thi viec d^ anh that ciia ban than se giup ho tim lai tai khoan duoc tdt hon.
Kiem dinh X^ giOa hai ye'u td' ten hifo thi va anh hien thi tren profile cho ke't qua cd y nghTa thd'ng ke (X^,4, = 247 va p = 0,00). Tuy nhien ke't qua cho thay, md'i lien quan gitta 2 bie'n sd nay la thap (Cramer's V = 0,172; p = 0,00).
Dieu nay cd nghia la trong nhiing sinh vien sii dung ten that co de'n 62,2% la ho su dung anh that va chi cd 12,3% trong so ho la sir dung anh khdng diing la ho (bang 1). Nhu vay, ty le nhiing sinh vien d^ ten that va de anh that cia minh tren mang xa hoi cao hon nhieu so vdi ty le nhimg sinh vien cd ten gia de anh that (hoac nguoc lai). Cd th^ ndi ket qua khao sat cho thay mdt xu hudng chung: ne'u sinh vien de ten that thi anh profile cflng se la anh ciia chi'nh ho.
Dieu nay cd th^ hi^u khi nhieu sinh vidn sii dung mang xa hdi nhu mot phuong tien truyln thdng mang ban sac ciia chinh minh.
Bdng 1: Mdi lien he giiia ten vd dnh hien thi tren mgng xd hgi cua sinh vien (%)
Anh va ten hien thi Anh ciia ban
Anh CO thi nhan ra ban Anh khdng th^ nhan ra ban
Ten that 62,2 25,5 12,3
Ten nura that niia gia 45,6 34,1 31,0
Ten gia 37,1 30,0 32,9
Vdi nhiing sinh vidn sir dung ten,nira that nira gia tren mang xa hdi thi hg ed the sir dung anh that, anh cd thi nhan ra hg hoac anh khdng nhan ra ho (xem bang 1). Trong sd nay, nhieu hon ca la sd sinh vidn (chilm 45,6%) sii dung ten nira that nira gia cd hien thi anh that tren profile. Phai chang, nhiing sinh vien nay cd su tu tin vdi ve ngoai ciia ban than (de anh that ciia minh) nhung lai khdng tu tin vdi ten that ciia minh? CSng cd the, nhiing sinh vien nay ddn thuan xem mang xa hgi la mdt trd chdi giai tri nen viec dl ten that ten gia va anh that anh gia khdng cd y nghia gl vdi hg?
De lam ro hon, kiem djnh mdi lidn he giiia anh hiln thi tren profile vdi cac yeu td lien quan den sd lugng ban ciia sinh vidn (bao gdm nhiing ngudi chi cd tren danh sach ban be ma khdng cd nhiing trao ddi, trd chuyin va sd lugng ban thudng xuyen hg trao ddi tren mang) va nhu c^u bay td cam xiic, y kiln eiia hg se cho bie't mdi tuong quan giiia cac bie'n sd nay.
Sd lieu d bang 2, eho thay nhiing sinh vien cang cd nhilu ban tren mang xa hdi thi lai cang cd xu hudng de anh that ciia minh tren mang xa hdi. Kiem
20 TAPCHlTAMLyHQCSd 10 (187), 10-2014
dinh X'chi ra md'i lien he giOa anh hien thi profile tren mang xa hdi va sd' luong ban ho cd tren mang xa hdi la cd y nghia thd'ng ke (X-,„ = 73,33 va p = 0,00).
COng nhu vay, nhiing sinh vien cd sd luong ban thudng xuyen trao ddi vdi nhau tren mang nhilu thi ho cang cd xu hudng de anh that cua minh tren profile.
Dieu nay ciing ddng nghTa vdi viec nhttng sinh vien cd sd luong ban ctog thudng xuyen lien lac thip thi ho cang cd xu hudng d^ anh khdng thi nhto ra ho nhilu hem. Md'i tuong quan nay cd y nghTa thd'ng ke (X^g, = 58,85 va p = 6,00).
Mac du he so' tuong quan ciia ca 2 bien nay thap (Cramer's V,|,= 0,138; p = 0,00 va Cramer's Vg, = 0,123; p = 0,00).
Bdng 2: Mdi lien he giita dnh hien thi profile vd sd lugng bgn cua sinh vien (%)
So' luong Anh cua ban Anh CO the nhan ra ban
Anh khong the nhan ra ban / . Anh hien thi vd so luang ban co tren mang
Dudi 150 ban 150 - < 300 ban 300 - 500 ban
> 500 ban
46,2 49,0 52,8 60,4
»
28,9 32,5 32,3 24,4
25,0 18,5 14,9 15,2 2. Anh hien thi vd sd luang ban thudng xuyen trao doi tren mang Dudi 25 ban
Tir 25 de'n dudi 50 ban Tir 50 de'n 100 ban Tren 100 ban
46,3 50,0 53,9 61,2 '
31,3 32,4 29,2 23,9
22,4 17,6 16,9 14,9
Dieu nay cd the giai thich rang, nhiing sinh vien cd sd luong ban nhilu trong danh sach "ban"ciia minh thi cd xu hudng la nhiing ngudi mudn cho moi ngudi bie't minh la ai. Va khi ban be tren mang nhin tha'y rd ho la ai (qua anh) thi sd luong "ban" lai cang "ghe tham nha ho" nhilu hon, bang each don gian la nha'n like cho ho. Nhu vay, viec de anh that da giiip cho nhung sinh viSn nay de dang hon trong viec tim kie'm nhung md'i quan he online. Ngugc lai, nhung ngudi da khdng mud'n hiln thi anh profile that cua minh tren mang thi cd thi ho da vd'n la ngudi "kin dao", ho khdng mudn ngudi khac biet vl minh hoac ho ngai bi mang xa hdi gay philn toai cho minh. Vi the' nhung sinh vien nay it cd
T«P CHlTAM LVHOC, Sd' 10 (187), 10 - 2014
ban trdn mang hon va hg ciing it thudng xuySn trao ddi vdi ban trin mang hon Sd vdi nhflng ngudi dl anh thuc.
VI anh hiln thi profile va nhu c^u bay td cam xiic va y kie'n, ke't qua phan tich phuong sai one-way ANOVA cho tha'y, miic do bay id cam xiic, y kien cita 3 nhdm hiln thi anh profile deu cd y nghTa thd'ng ke (F = 2,526; p = 0,00).
Ke't qua cu thi, nhdm nhiing sinh vidn su" dung anh that cua hg cd xu hudng bay td cam xuc, y kie'n nhieu hdn cac nhdm con lai, dac biet so vdi nhdm sinh vien khdng de anh that hoac dua anh de ngudi khac khdng the nhan ra hg. Bay td cam xiic, y kien ca nhan la mgt su the hien ban than. Viec sinh vien thi hien nhiing cam xuc, suy nghT cua minh vdi su thi hien anh thuc tren profile cd y nghTa trong viec hinh thanh va phat trien ban sdc cua hg.
2.3. Cong khai thong tin cd nhdn tren mgng xd hpi cua sinh vien Ben canh viec dat ten va hiln thi anh cho mdi tai khoan, hd so profile tren mang xa hdi cdn yen cSu cung cap nhiing thdng tin vl ca nhan nhu ngay thang nam sinh, tinh trang hdn nhan, sd thich, hgc tap va mdt sd thdng tin lidn quan khac. Vdi mang Facebook, nhiing thdng tin nay cd thi dl d dang cdng khai hoac dn rieng cho ban than ngudi dimg. Trong ph^n nay chiing ldi tap trung vao nhUng thdng tin co ban gdm: ngay sinh, sd dien thoai, sd thich, ndi d, md'i quan tam va quan diem ca nhan. Cau hdi dat ra: Nhiing thdng tin ndy cd miic dp cdng khai nhu the ndo ddi vdi sinh vien sii dung mgng xahoi?
- Cdng khai ngdy thdng ndm sinh
\ 59 1
),W 4 • Chi minh ban biet
• Mgt so ngiroi biet
• Mgi ngiroi deu biet
Bieu do 3: Tit cdng khai ngdy thdng ndm sinh cua sinh vien (%)
Thdng tin ve ngay thang nam sinh dugc sinh vien cdng khai iren mang cho nhieu ngudi biet chilm 59,1%. Chi c d 9 , l % sinh vien d i d dang an cho mdt minh minh bie't. Thuc tl' cho thay, nhiing ldi chue miing sinh nhat thudng dugc chia se cdng khai tren mang xa hdi. Ldi chiic mung sinh nhat gay nen nilm vui
22 TAP CHI TAM LV HOC Sd 10(187). 10-2014
cho nhung thanh vien cd nhu c^u cdng khai ngay sinh nhat, ddng thdi lam tang tinh than giua nhiing ngudi la ban cua nhau trin mang xa hgi. Theo Ellison va cdng su (2007), nhd ngay sinh giiip duy tri nhiing md'i quan he va d day la nhihig mdi quan he offline dugc bd sung bang nhiing mdi quan he online 14].
VI vay, cd 32,0% sinh viln chia se thdng tin vl ngay sinh nhat cua minh cho mdt sd ban be.
- Cdng khai nai d
Vdi mang xahdi Facebook, sinh vien cd thi tao rilng cho minh nhiing nhdm ngudi d ciing mdt ndi (xdm trg) thdng qua tinh nang group, tai day sinh vien va nhiing ngudi ct ciing mgt noi se cd thi ehia se nhung thdng tin vdi nhau thudng xuyln hon, tao ra ngudn vdn xa hdi kit dinh trong sinh vien nham giiip hd trg sinh vien nhilu hon vl mat tinh cam, tinh than. Tu cdng khai ndi d duge nhilu sinh vien lua chgn (46,2%) va ciing khdng it sinh vidn cho rang, hg chi cho mdt sd ngudi bill vl thdng tin nay (38,5%).
- Cdng khai sa thich cd nhdn
Papacharissi (2002) va Schouten (2007) cho rang, sd thich cua nhilu ngudi trong ciing mgt nhdm se giiip cho ca nhan thi hien minh nhilu hon ma su thi hiln nay khdng nha't thiet phai dat trong mdi quan he vdi cac Ihanh vien khac trong nhdm. Trdn mang xa hdi, sd thich ca nhan thudng xua't hien trong muc tu gidi thieu vl ban than. Theo dd, ca nhan cd the bay td nhiing mong mudn, y Ihich cua minh. Tu cdng khai sd thi'ch se la co sd quan trgng eho viec thanh lap, tham gia va phat triln nhirng nhdm cd ciing mdi quan tam chung va giiip duy tri ngudn vdn xa hdi. Kel qua nghiin ciru cho tha'y, phdn Idn sinh vien duge hdi diu eho tat ca mgi ngudi bill sd thich ciia ban than (chiem 54,9%) va chi cd 10,0% sinh vien cho rang minh khdng cdng khai sd thich ca nhan eua minh.
- Cdng khai quan diem cd nhdn
Cdng khai vl quan diem ca nhan la eo sd quan trgng trong viec the hien ban sdc cua ca nhan sinh vien sir dung mang xa hgi. Nhtrng quan dilm ca nhan vl xa hdi, chinh tri, kinh te'hay ldi sdng se tao ra nhung ludng du luan thdng tin trai chilu, lien quan de'n nhilu khia canh khac nhau. Dua trin nhung ludng thdng tin dd, mdi ngudi se lua chgn va hinh thanh cho minh nhiing quan dilm rieng.
Ke't qua nghien ciiu cho tha'y, tU cdng khai quan dilm ca nhan cho nhilu ngudi dugc nhilu sinh vien lua chgn - chilm 44,5%. Nhung cung ed tdi 37,0%
sinh vien tu cdng khai quan diem ea nhan vdi mdt sd ngudi, dilu nay ndi len su than trgng cvia sinh vien trong qua trinh sir dung mang xa hdi va hg chi se chia nhGng quan dilm ca nhan ctia minh nhilu hon vdi nhiing ngudi cd cung quan
TAP CHf TAM LV HOC, Sd 10 (187), 10 - 2014 23
tam. Chie'm mdt ty le nho nhiing sinh vien than trong hon chd bie't ho d l riSng tu quan he ca nhan (18,5%), im lang trong tranh luan va phat bieu y kie'n.
- Cdng khai sddien thogi
Lampe, Ellison va cdng su (2006) da chi ra rang, ngudi sii dung mang xa hdi online nham phat triln tinh than tii cac md'i quan he off ine da cd hdn la viec tao ra nhimg ket ndi vdi nhiing ngudi ban online mdi. Cd thi cflng vdi each nhin nay, cd de'n 72,5% sinh vien trong nghien ciiu nay da giu kin sd dien thoai ciia minh hoac chi cho mdt so' ban be tren mang bilt. Dieu nay cho tha'y, sinh vien danh gia kha cao vai trd ciia dien thoai dd'i vdi su rieng tu ciia ban than.
DChi minti ban biel
• Mpt so ngiroi biel D Mpi ngoai deu biet
Bieu do 4: Ti/ edng khai sddien thogi ciia sinh vien (%)
Cd 27,5% sinh vien cdng khai sd diftn thoai ciia minh tren mang xa hdi.
Vdi nhttng sinh vien nay, viec cdng khai sd dien thoai cho moi ngudi tren mang xa hdi cd the giup ho cai thien them cac md'i quan he trong cdng ddng mang hoac ho thuc su khdng y thiic he't tam quan trong ciia viec bao mat thdng tin khi chia se vdi ca the gidi sd dien thoai cua minh.
Nhin chung, nhirng sinh vien cd xu hudng tu cdng khai cac thdng tin ca nhan cho nhilu ngudi biet hon la dl cho rieng minli bie't, khdng cong khai. Tuy nhien, ty le nay van cd su khac biet nha't dinh dd'i vdi nhttng nhdm thdng tin khac nhau, chang han, thdng tin lien quan de'n sddien thogi dudc sinh vien lua chpn rieng tu nhilu hon. Trong khi dd, thdng tin vl ngay thang nam sinh lai dugc sinh vien cdng khai cho nhieu ngudi hon. Ttt nhttng mile do cdng khai khac nhau ciia sinh vien, nhung thdng tin cflng gdp phan tao ra nhttng ban sdc khac nhau ciia sinh vien. Cu thi, nhttng thdng tin rieng tu (chi minh minh bie't) giiip tao ra nhung nhdm im lang tren mang xa hdi, nhttng thdng tin cho mdt sd ngudi bie't giup phat triln va cd ke't nhttng nhdm tinh than gan gui va nlittng
24 TAP CHI TAM uy HOC, Sd 10 (187), 10 - 2014
thdng tin cdng khai cho nhilu nguM bilt giiip tao ra nhiing md'i quan he mdi, tim kiSm loi i'ch va nhttng co hdi trong tuong lai.
Tdm lai, ttt cac thdng tin ma sinh vien cdng khai trong profile ca nhan trSn mang xa hdi cho thiy miic dd phd bay ddi sdng ca nhan ciia sinh vien la dang bao ddng.
Bdng 3: Tit cdng khai dif lieu tren mgng xd hgi cua sinh vien
DOT lieu ca nhan 1. Ten that 2. Anh that 3. Ngay thang nam sinh 4. Ncrid
5. So thich 6. Quan dilm 7 S i dien thoai
T r u n g binh chung
T y l e ( % ) 46,8 51,5 59,1 46,2 54,9 44,5 27,5 47,2
Nghien ciiu cua Dowell (2009) va Letkamann (2009) chi ra rang, miic dd rieng tu cua sinh vien thi hien tren mang xa hgi thudng la thap. Khi sinh vien xay dung profile tren mang, hg khdng chi cdng khai profile, viee hg binh luan, thdng bao cho ban be va md rdng them rat rat nhilu nhung "ngudi ban"
tren mang - phin Idn la ngudi khdng quen bill. Dilu nay khiln sinh vien van cd thi gap phai nhirng riii ro true luyen do ban chat ciia internet la hdn loan va khdng chac chan [dan theo 4].
3. Doi dieu ban luan ve sir cong khai dOr lieu ca nhan tren mang xa hpi cua gidi tre
1/ Tu cdng khai va tu the hien ban than la nhiing nhu eau quan trong trong su phat trien tam ly xa hdi ciia thanh thie'u nien. Theo Schouten (2007), tu cdng khai dii lieu ca nhan tren mang xa hgi ihl hien nhiing ehiic nang sau: a) Hinh thanh va duy tri eae md'i quan hi; b) Phal triln ban sac, bay td thai do va hinh thanh nhiing gia trj; va c) Gay anh hudng de'n ldng tu trgng va su hai long d mdi ca nhan. Cd the ndi, tu cdng khai va tu thi hien la dilu kien tien quyel cho su phat triln mdi quan he va dugc lien ke't chat che vdi long lu trgng va sir hai long cLia thanh thie'u nidn 11].
TAPCHfTAMLyHQCSd'10(187), 10-2014 25
2/ Tir phep tinh trung binh trdn ta't ca cac thdng tin ma sinh vien cdng khai the hien vl ban than trin mang xa hdi da cho tha'y gSn 1/2 trong tdng sd 4.205 (chie'm 47,2%) sinh vien dugc nghiSn ciiu cd xu hudng tu cdng khai cac thdng tin ca nhan, ciing nhu tu the hien ban than trdn cac trang mang xa hdi.
Dilu nay dang bao dgng ddi vdi ngudi sur dung mang xa hgi vl khia canh bao mat su rieng tu.
3/ Nhin tii trach nhiem bao mat thdng tin nham tranh cac nguy co cua viec sir dung mang xa hdi, Ronnie B. Choi May (2010) da luu y ring, vide sinh vien tham gia qua nhilu vao nhiing hoat ddng rui ro khi su dung mang xa hgi da lam giam dang k l su rieng tu cua hg.Vl vay, trach nhiem ciia mdi ca nhan sinh vidn la ddng gdp mdt phan quan trgng cho chinh sir rieng tu ciia hg [5].
Tai lieu tham khao
1. Alexander Peter Schouten, Adolescents' online self-disclosure and self- presentation, The Amsterdam School of Communications Research ASCoR, Kloveniersburgwal 48 1012 CX Amsterdam The Netherlands, http://www.
alexanderschouten.nl, 2007.
2. Catherine McLoughlin, Jill Burgess, Texting, sexting and social networking among Australian youth and the need for cyber safety education, Australian CatholicUniversity, htlp://www.aare.edu.au/data/publications/2009/mcl091427.pdf, 2009.
3. Kaveri Subrahmanyam and Patricia Greenfield, Online Communication and Adolescent Relationships", http://www.cdmc.ucla-edu/KS _Media_biblio_files/
kaveri_greenfield_2008spring_2.pd, 2008.
4. Nicole B. Ellison, Charles Steinfield & Cliff Lampe, The benefits on Facebook
"Friends": Social Capital and College students' use of Online social network sites.
Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication. doiriO.l 11 l/j.1083-6101.2007.
00367.x), 2007.
5. Ronnie B. Choi May, Social Media and Youth Narcissism: Methods of Utilizing Current Technology in an Instructional Setting. A Field Project Presented to the Faculty of the School of Education, University of San Francisco In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements of the Degree of MASTERS OF ARTS in Digital Media and Learning, 2010.
26 TAP CHf TAM LV HOC. Sd 10(187). 10-2014
