Vu XuSn Nam vd Dtg Tap chi KHOA HQC & CONG NGHE 133(03)/!: 83-88
iTNG DUNG MO HINH c A u TRUC TUYEN. TINH SEM TRONG KltM BINH MlTC DO SAN SANG CHIA SE KINH NGHIEM LAM Vlf C CUA NGU'OfI LAO DONG TRONG DOANH NGHIEP NHO VA VlTA TAI THAI NGUYEN
VQ Xuan Nam'*, An Thj Xu3n van^ Nguyin Tiln Mgnh', B^m Thj Phuang Thao' 'Truong Dgi hge Cong ngh? thong lin vd Truyen thong - DH Thai Nguyen
^Trucmg Dgi hoc Kinh tS.vd Qudn Ir; kinh doanh - DH Thai Nguyen TOM TAT
Chia se kinh ngbiSm ldm viec ciia nguoi lao dgng la mgt nhu cau bet siic quan Ugng doi v^i moi doanh nghifp. Cdc nhd qudn ly luon mong muon xac dinh cac ylu t6 anh hudng tdi viec chia se kinh nghiem de khuyen khich, dgng vien ngubi lao ddng sdn sdng chia se nhOng hilu biet cua minh.
Mgt so cong trinh trfin the gidi tai cdc nuac phdt triln nbu My, Ha Lan, Nhdt Ban, Hdn Qu6c,.,. da chi ra cdc ylu td dnh hudng tdi vifc chia se kinh nghiem \km viec. Tuy nhien, nlu mang cdc kit qua kl U6n dp dyng trong bdi cdnh cdc doanh nghiep nhd va vira vdi quy trinh ldm viec chua thuc sy tot vd trinh d$ ngudi lao dgng chua cao nhu taf Viet Nam thi khong thuc sir phii hgp. Bdi bdo ndy ung dung mo hinh cdu true tuyen tinh SEM de nghien cuu yeu to nao tac dgng den Y dinh chia se kinh nghiem ldm viec, thong qua dieu tra bang phieu khao sdt dugc tra Idi true tiep trfin Intemet cua ngudi lao dgng trong cac doanh nghiep nho vd viia tgi Thai Nguyen. Ket qud ciia md hinh nghifin Clhi dugc ddnh gid bdng md hinh cau triic tuyen tinh SEM cd gia tri P = 0,000 (Chi-square = 417,339) vd Chi-square/df = 1,400 < 3; RMSEA = 0,064 < 0,08; TLI = 0,914; CFI = 0,927; GFI = 0,780. Cd thi kit ludn md hinh xdy dung phii hgp vdi dQ lieu nghien cu:u.
Tir Idida: Cdu true luyin llnh, chia se kmh nghidm, ly thuyet hdnh vi hogch dinh TPB. vdn hoa doanh nghidp, kinh nghiim ldm viec
)AT VAN DE
)e nang cao sgr phat trien ciia cac doanh ighiep vua va nho, ngoai viec dau tu vao ca a vgt chat hien dgi, con phu thugc rat nhieu ao kinh nghifm cua doi ngu lao dgng trong oanh nghiep. Do do, co the noi viec quan ly hirng kinh nghiem do la mpt trong nhiiTig In dk CO tinh chSt quylt djnh vl su phat trien lia doanh nghiep. Mot ngi dung quan trong 6 la phai quan ly nhu the nao de vifc chia se inh nghiem c6 the tao ra nhirng lgi fch gia ing cho doanh nghiep, bien kinh nghiem ca ian thanh kinh nghiem t6 chuc. Tuy nbien, fc chia se kinh nghiem khong phai de dang yc hifn khi ma kinh nghiem do co gia trj va ian trgng va la tai san cua mgt ca nhan nao do.
naeh thiic Icm nhat trong viec quan Iy la lam e nao de cac ca nhan c6 thi chia se kinh jhifm cho nhau. Di tai nay se tap trung
;hien cuu cac yeu to anh huang den hanh vi ia se kinh nghifm tam viec ciia nguai Iao ng trong doanh nghiep viia va nho tai TP.
••/ 0943 299688. Email [email protected] vn
Thai Nguyen, de giiip bg giai quyet bai toan quan ly trong chia se kinh nghiem lam viec.
CO SCJ LY THUYET VA GIA THUYET NGHIEN CUXJ
Tir mo hinb banh vi hoach djnh TPB (Theory of planned behavior) [3] va mo hinh van hoa to chuc dua tren cong vifc ciia Gupta va Govindarajan [2], nhom nghien cuu de xuat mo hinh kilm dmh muc dp s5n sang chia se kinh nghiem lam viec cua nguai tao dgng trong doanh nghiep viia va nho tai tbanh pho Thai Nguyen.
Theo do, de dan den hanh vi chia se kinh nghifm ciia nguai Iao dong thi truac tien hp phai CO -y dinh chia se kinh nghifm, no la miic do ma nguoi lao dpng tin rang hp se tham gia vao vifc chia se kinh nghifm [8].
Y dinh chia si kinh nghiem ldm viic gom 4 bien: Co ke hoach cho viec chia se kinh nghiem (INi), Co gang chia se kinh nghiem (IN2), Tao ra hieu qua trong chia se kinh nghiem (IN3), Se chia se kinh nghiem nlu dugc hoi (IN4). No dugc do luang bofi 5 nhan to: Thai dp doi voi chia se kinh nghiem (AT), 83
Vu Xudn Nam vo Dig Tap chi KHOA HQC & CONG NGH$ 133(03)/!: 83-8g Chuan chu quan chia se kinh nghifm (SN),
Kilm soat hanh vi chia se kinh nghiem (PBC), He thdng thong tin trong doanh nghiep (IS), Ca cau to chiic trong doanh nghiep (OS).
Nhan t6 "'Thai dp doi vdi chia se kinh nghifm (AT)" dugc de cap toi dau tien trong mo hinh, no la miic dp ma moi nguai lao dpng danh gia cd fch hay khong doi vai viec chia se kinh nghiem [8]. Gdm 5 bien: ban cam thay CO Igi bay bat lgi khi chia se thong tin (ATi), bgn cam thay hai long hay khong hai long kbi chia se thong tin (AT?), bgn cam thay tot hay tdi te khi chia se thong tin (AT3), ban cam thay cd gia tri hay khong co gia trj khi chia se thong tin (AT4), ban cam thay thu vi hay te nhat khi chia se thong tin (AT5).
Nhan to "Chuan chi quan chia si kinh nghidm (SN)" gom hai thanh phin: Anh hudng ciia ddng nghiep (SNj), Anh hudng ciia lanh dgo (SN2). Trong do:
Anh hudng ciia dong nghiep co X bien:
Nguai ma bgn ehju anh hudng thudng chia se kinh nghifm (SN| j), Ngudi ma bgn chiu anb hudng khuyen nen chia se kinh nghiem (SN12), Ngudi ma ban ldng nghe y kiln thudng chia se kinh nghiem (SNi.i), Ngudi ma ban tdn trgng y kien iing bd chia se kinh nghifm (SN, 4).
Anh hudng cua ldnh dgo co 4 biln:
Lanh dgo thudng td chiic hdi thao chuyen nganh (SN21), Lanh dao thudng khuyin khfch boat dpng nghien ciiu khoa hoc (SN23), Lanh dgo thudng td chiic tap huin chuyen mdn (SN,}), Lanh dgo thudng tgo dilu kien cho tgphudn(SN2 4).
Nhan td ''Kiim sodt hdnh vi chia si kinh nghiim (PBC)" la nhgn thiic tinh dl hay khd cua ngudi Iao ddng ve kba nang kiem soat ciia bg trong viec chia se kinh nghiem [8]. Gdm 4 bien: Ddi vdi bgn viec chia se kinh nghifm cd the thuc hien bdt cir luc nao (PBC,), nlu bgn mudn, bgn ludn cd thi chia se kinh nghifm (PBC2), dii viec chia se kinh nghiem co quan, trgng hay khong ban vln chia se (PBC3), Bgn cho rdng quylt dinh viec chia se kinh nghiem 84
ciia minh bi kilm soat bdi nbieu yeu to ben ngoai (PBC4).
NhSn td "/fe thong thong tin trong doaiA nghiip" la thugt ngQ' thudng dugc sii dynj cho viec chuyen dich su s3p xep nhan sir, dii lieu va quy trinh tac dgng qua Igi giua chiiiB dl hd trg cho cac boat dgng kinh doanh hinj ngay, giai quyet cac van de lien quan, duan I cac quyet dinh cho td chiic [1]. Gdm 3 bife Doanh nghiep cung cap mgt vai cdng eg w thilt bi cho chia se kinh nghiem (IS[), sii dung cac cdng cu chia se kinh nghifm taon hieu qua tich c\rc (IS2), Ban co tbay thoai ma;
khi sir dung thiet bi cdng nghe de chia se kin^i nghiem (IS3).
NhSn td "To chiec quan ly thong tin troni doanh nghiip" la to chiic quan ly vd cimj cap thdng tin ben trong doanh nghiep [1]
Gdm 3 bien: Ban cd dugc phep tham gia vai quy trinh ra quylt dinh (0S|), Thdng tin tron.
ca quan dugc cdng bo rgng rai khdng phan biet ai trong co quan (OS3), Cong viec dim phan chia cdng bdng va dung viec (OS3).
Tir do, nhdm nghien ciiu tiln hanh xay dm^
va kilm dinh cac gia thuyet vl mdi quan lii giii'a cac nhan td trong md hinh, cu thi: ' , Hi: Thai do ddi vdi vifc chia se kinh nghiemoil tac dgng tich cue ten Y dinh chia se kinh nghiem Hza'. Anh hudng cua dong nghiep cd tac da^
tich cue len Y dinb chia se kinh nghiem.
H2b: Anh budng cua lanh dgo cd tac dgngtid cue ten Y djnh chia se kinh nghiem.
H3: Kiem soat hanh vi chia se kinh nghiemca tac dpng tich cue len y dinh chia se kJ nghiem.
H4: He thdng thdng tin trong doanh nghi^i tac dgng tich cue ten y dinh chia se kinh ngliio Hs: Td chiic quan ly thong tin trong doi nghiep cd tac dgng ti'ch cue ten Y djnh chiai kinh nghiem.
THIET KE NGHIEN CUI
Dua tren co sd cua hai md hmh da dugcc^
nhan la mo hinh hanh vi (Theory of planned beha\ 1 van hda td chiic d^ra tren c
^•'ch djnh I
^ a md H
Vii Xudn Nam vd Dtg Tap chi KHOA HQC & CONG NGHE 133(03)/l:83- /a Govindarajan [2] dl xay d^rng nen md hinh
ighiSn Cliu, sau do thiet kl bang cau hdi va lua vao khao sat dinh lugng. Khao sat dugc tien hanh va keo dai trong vong 1 tbang [thang 7/2014), ddi tugng la ngudi lao dgng trong cac doanh nghiep vira va nho tren dia ban TP. Thai Nguyen. Tdng so philu dilu tra duoc giri di la 120 phieu, thu ve 110 phieu.
Irong do CO 10 phieu khdng hgp te do tbilu thdng tin hoac chgn nhieu dap an. Ket qua la cd too phieu dieu tra hgp te dugc su dung tam dQ tifu nghien ciiu.
KET QUA NGHIEN CUU
Ket thuc qua trinb kbao sat, chung tdi thu thgp dugc mau 100 philu khao sat hgp te vdi bang :dng hgp cac ylu td md ta mau khao sat dugc ,rinh bay d bang I.
Bang I. Mo td mdu khdo sdt ' Veu t6
',' Nai cong tdc ' Tu nhan '• Nhd nude
>Khdc i Solugng ,1-49 ,;50-99 ill 00-300
Nhom luoi
•Dll6i25 '"25-35 ll 18 6-45 , (6-50 ,fr«n50 ll jiai tinh
Ji-lam
««•
ii«t
TylS I'M 72%
24%
4 % 6 3 % 2 8 % 9%
3 8 % 39%
10%
10%
3 %
4 8 % 52%
Yin to Tnnh do Pho thong Trung cip Cao dSng Dai hoc Th^csy Kinh nghiem lam viec
< 1 n3m 1-5 nam 6-10 nam 11-20 nam
> 20 nam Chicc vu Quan ly cap cao Quan ly cap trung Nhan vien kinh doanh Nh3n vien ky thuat Nhan vien hanh chinh Khic
T y i e
(%)
19%
20%
22%
28%
11%
3 3 % 5 3 % 5%
9%
0%
6%
19%
3 1 % 16%
2 3 % 5%
uong phap xu" ly so lieu trong de tai nghien .u th^c hifn thdng qua danh gia thang do lg hf so tin cay Cronbach's Alpha, phan ,1 nhan to kham pha EFA, phan tich nhan td
khang djnh CFA va thuc hien kiem dinh md hinh cau true tuyen tinh SEM.
Danh gia thang do bang he so tin cay Cronbach's Alpha
He sd Cronbach's Alpha dugc sii dung trudc tien de Ioai bd cac bien khdng phii hgp. Cac biln cd he s6 tuang quan biln tdng (item-total correlation) nhd ban 0,3 se bj loai va tieu chuan chgn bien quan sat khi nd cd do tin cay alpha tir 0,6 trd ten.
Dua vao cac chi tieu tren, ket qua kiem dinh do tin cay bing he sd Cronbach's Alpha ciia cac biln diu dgt yeu cau tren 0,6. Xem xet be sd tuang quan bien tdng cho thay cac biln sd deu dgt yeu cau cd gia tri tdn hon 0,3.
Phan tich nhan to kham pha EFA Nhan to Y dinh chia se kinh nghiim dugc do ludng bdi 5 nhan td (Thai do doi vdi chia se kinh nghifm, Chuan chu quan chia se kinh nghiem, Kiem soat hanh vi chia se kinh nghiem, He thdng tbdng tin trong doanh nghiep, Ca cau td chiic trong doanh nghiep) vdi 23 bien. Sau khi thuc hien kiem djnh Cronbach's Alpha khdng cd bien nao bj loai do khdng dgt yeu cau, ta tien hanh phan tich nhan td EFA. Ket qua thu dugc nhu sau:
KMO = 0,747 > 0,5; sig. = 0,000 < 0,05; cd 5 nban td dugc riit trich ra vdi tdng phuang sai trich bdng 73,914% > 50%, do do kit qua phan tfeh nhan td EFA la phii hgp va co y nghTa thong ke. Cac nhan td dugc rut trich ra.
Thai dd ddi vdi chia se kinh nghiem gdm 5 bien la AT|, ATi, AT3, AT4, ATs; Anh hudng ciia ddng nghiep gdm 4 bien la: SN| j, SN| 2, SN] 3, SN1.4; Anh hudng cua I3nh dao gdm 4 biln la: SN2,, SN22, SN23, SN24; Kilm soat banh vi chia se kinh nghiem co 4 bien la:
PBC,, PBC2, PBC3, PBC4; He thdng thdng tin trong doanh nghiep co 3 bien la: IS|, IS2, IS3;
Co cau td chiic trong doanh nghiep c6 3 biln la;OS|,OS2,OS3.
Phan tich nhan to khang dinh CFA Ket qua CFA cua md hinh cac thanh pbdn Chi-square/df = 1,478 < 2 vdi gia trj p = 0,000. Tuy nhien cac chi tieu khac cho thay md hinh nay phu hgp vdi dir lifu nghien ciiu 85
Vu Xuan Nam vd Dig Tap chi KHOA HQC & CONG NGHE 133(03)/l:83-ia (CFI = 0,927; TLI = 0,915; GFI = 0.786;
RMSEA = 0,069 < 0,08). Cac thanh phSn Thai dp doi vdi chia se kinh nghiem, Chuan chii quan chia se kinh nghifm, Kiem soat hanh vi chia se kinh nghiem, Hf tbdng thdng tin trong doanh nghiep, Co c5u td chiic trong doanh nghiep deu khdng c6 mdi tuang quan giQa cac sai sd cua bien quan sat nen deu dgt dugc tinh don hudng.
He so tuang quan giiia cac khai niem thanh phdn nhd hon 1 kem theo sai tech chuan (P- value < 0,05). Vi vay cac thanh phdn Thai do ddi vdi chia se kinh nghiem, Chuan chii quan chia se kinh nghiem, Kiem soat hanh vi chia se kinh nghiem. He thdng thdng tin trong doanh nghiep, Ca cau td chiic trong doanh nghiep deu dat dugc gia tri phan biet. Cac trgng sd chuan hda deu dat tieu chuan cho phep (> 0,5) va cd y nghla thdng ke (p-value
< 0,05). Vi vgy, c6 the ket lugn cac bien quan sat diing de do tuong nam thdnh phan ciia thang do y dinh chia se kinh nghiem lam viec dat dugc gia trj hgi tu.
Thgc hien viec phan tfeh tuang tu doi vdi md hinh tdi hgn cho cac nhan td cdn tgi can cii vao cac chi sd do dp phii hgp cho thiy cac md hinh nay deu phii hgp vdi dCr lieu nghien ciiu
va cac thang do trong mo binh deu dat tiidi dan hudng, gia tri hgi tu, do tin cay va giabj pban biet.
Danh gia su* phii hop cua mo hinh bang mo hinh cau true tuyen tinh SEM Ket qua udc lugng ciia md hinh nghien cnu cd gia tri P = 0,000 (Chi-square = 417,339) va Chi-square/df = 1,400 < 3, RMSEA = 0,064 <
0,08; cbi cd cac chi tieu TLI = 0,914; CFI = 0,927; GFI = 0,780 la hai thip nen cd thi kei luan mo binh xay dung phii hgp vdi du ti^
nghien ciru.
Kiem dinh cac gia thuyet ciia md hinh nghien cuu
Ket qua kiem dinh mdi quan he nhan qua gift cac nhan td nghien ciiu cho thay tat ca cae mdi quan he trong md hinh nghien ciiu deuco y nghTa thong ke hay cac gia thuyet tir H| den Hfi deu dugc chap nhan thong qua cac trgng so hdi quy chuan hda mdi quan he giira cac nhao td duang chumg to cac moi quan he giiia cac nhan td nay co anh hudng ty le thugn vdi nhau.
KET LUAN I Theo kit qua nghien ctru, cd md hinh danlj
gia miic do san sang chia se kinh nghiem \m viec dugc xay dung nhu hinh 1:
Hinh 1. Mo hinh nghiin cuu
Vii Xudn Nam vd Dtg Tgp chi KHOA HQC & CONG NGHE 133(03)/!: 8 3 - 8 8 N h u vay, y dinh chia se kinh nghifm tam viec
cbju anh h u d n g Idn n h i t bdi nhan td K i l m soat hanh vi c h i a se kinh n g h i e m lam viec vdi trgng sd da d u g c chuan hda la 0,943. Sau dd la ehju anh h u d n g d a n g k e ciia hai nban td Anh h u d n g ciia d o n g n g h i e p va H e t h d n g thdng tin trong doanh nghiep l i n lugt vdi trgng so da d u g c chuan h d a la 0,089; 0,226.
iDua vao ket qua, n h d m nghien ciiu cd mgt sd 'nban djnh'sau:
•Ddi vdi cac doanh nghifp nhd va viia tren dia ban T P . Thai N g u y e n , m u d n n a n g c a o miic d o isan sang chia se kinh nghifm lam vifc cua ' ngudi lao d g n g thi doanh nghifp can phai chii ly quan tdm den thai dg ciia n g u d i lao dgng.
ilDoanh nghiep c i n phai c u n g c i p d i y dii b a n
^lua cac vgt d u n g ciing n h u p h u a n g tien phuc S-U cho c d n g vifc.
!De nang cao d u g c miic d o san sang chia se kinh nghifm lam viec c u a n g u d i lao d d n g thi Dac doanh nghiep nhd va vira can tap trung ill'
•idy d y n g , cai thien mdi t r u d n g lam viec.
Thudng xuyen tgo ra k b d n g gian tam viec .hoai mai, d u a ra van b o a lam viec ciing n h u /an hda u n g xir trong doanh nghiep, de tao lgng lire chia se kinh nghiem lam viec cho igudi Iao ddng.
rheo so lieu phan ticb tren md hinh thi anh ludng cua lanb dgo cd tac d d n g rat n h d den niic dp sdn sang chia se kinh nghifm lam
•-iec ciia ngudi tao dgng, n h u n g ma vifc chia
* ^ kinh nghifm lgi phu thugc rat Idn v a o ddng ghiep cua h g . Chinh vi vay, doanh nghiep an phai cd n h u n g chinh sach, boat d d n g goai khda c u n g n h u lam viec n h d m d l ngudi
lao d g n g h i l u nhau b a n , ciing nhau phat trien t a n g d u g c nang s u i t va hieu q u a cdng viec c u a tap the.
T A I L I E U T H A M K H A O 1. Adel Ismail AI-Alawi, Nayla Yousif Al- Marzooqi, Vasmeen Fraidoon Mohammed (2007), Organization culture and knowledge sharing, joumal of Icnowledge management. Vol 11, No.2, 22-42.
2. Gupta, A.K. and Govindarajan (2000), Knowledge management social dimension, Sloan management review.
3. leek Ajzen (1991), The theory of planned behavior. Organizational behavior and human decission processes, 179-211.
4. Le Dan, Nguyin Thi Trang (2011), Md hinh ddnh gid su trung thdnh cua sinh viin dua vdo phdn tich nhdn to. Tap chi khoa bgc cong nghf - Dai hge Dd Ndng, S6 2 (43).
5. Nguyen Nggc Thdng (20! I), Qudn tri dira vdo trl Ihuc: Klnh nghiem tie Nhgt Bdn, Tap chf khoa hpc DHQGHN, Kinh t l v d kinh doanh 27,179-185.
6. Paul Hendriks (1999), Why share knowledge?
The influence of ICT on the motivation for knowledge sharing. Knowledge and process management, Vol 6, Number 2, 91-100.
7. Pham L6 Hdng Nhung, Dinh Cdng Thdnh, Phgm Thi Thdo, L% Thi Hdng Van (2012), Ap dying mo hinh cdu true tuyin tinh trong kiem dinh moi quan he giiia chdi luang dich vu, su hdi long vd long trung thdnh cua khdch hdng doi vdi dlch vu sieu thi tgi Thdnh pho Cdn Tha, Ky yeu khoa hoc - Dai hoc Cdn Tho.
8. Seewon Ryu, Seung Ho, Ingoo Han (2003), Knowledge sharing behavior of physicians in Hospitals, Expert systerms with applications, 122-705.
9. Trdn Thj Lam Phuang, Pham Ngoc Thuy (2011), Yeu to tdc dong y dinh chia se tri thuc ciia bdc sT trong benh viin - tiip can theo ly thuyet hdnh VI hogch dinh TPB, Tap chi phdt triln KH&CN, Tap 14, 86 Q2,
10. Ikujiro Nonaka. Ryoko Toyama, Tom Hirata, V6 Kilu Linli (djch) (2011), Qudn trl dua vdo Iri thuc, Nhd xuat ban Thdi dgi.
Vu Xudn Nam va Dtg Tap chi KHOA HOC & CONG NGHE 133(03)/!: 83 -
S U M M A R Y
A P P L I C A T I O N O F S T R U C T U R A L E Q U A L T I O N M O D E L I N G T O E X A M I N E T H E W I L L I N G N E S S T O S H A R E E X P E R I E N C E I N S M A L L A N D M E D I U M - SIZED E N T E R P R I S E S A T T H A I N G U Y E N C I T Y
Vu Xuan Nam'', An Thi Xuan Van^
Nguyen Tien Manh', Dam Thi Phuong Thao' 'College of Information and Communication Technology — TSV
'College of Economics and Business Administration — TNU , Work experience sharing is a vital needs of every firm. The managers always wish to determine which factors affect the experience sharing to encourage and motivate employees willing to share their knowledge. Some researches in the developed country such as USA, Netherlands, Japan, Korea,... has indicated the factors affecting the sharing of experience. However, it is not compatible when applying these results in the situation of small and medium-sized enterprises with workflow is not really good and employees capability is not high as in Vietnam. In this paper, the application of linear structural mode! SEM to smdy which factors affect the intention to share work experience through investigations by surveys on the intemet for employees in small and medium-sized enterprises in Thai Nguyen. The results of the research mode! was evaluated by linear stmcnual model SEM P-value = 0.000 (Chi-square = 417,339) and Chi-square/df = 1,400 < 3; RMSEA = 0.064 < 0.08: TL! - 0.914. CF! = 0,927; GFI = 0,780. It can be concluded diat the pattem developed is accordance with research data.
Keywords: Linear structure, share experiences, theory of planned behavior TPB, corporate culture, work experience
Ngdy nhdn bdi:30 10 2014; Ngdy-phdn bien: 12/11/2014; Ngdy duyil ddng: 03/4/2015 Phdn biin khoa hoc: TS. Sguyin Cong Hodng - Trudng Dai hoc Khoa hge - DHTN
Tel- 0943 2996SS Email vxnamaiclu edu.v
