Tap chi Kinh te - Ky thuat
TAC DONG DEN K H d l SlT DOANH NGHIEP CUA DOANH NGHIEP TlT NHAN THANH PHO CAN THO THEO
IMO HINH CAU TRUC TUYEN TINH SEM
Ton That Vien' TOM TAT
Nghiin ciru dugc thuc hien nhdm xac dinh cdc tdc ddng den khai sir doanh nghiep cua doanh nghiep tu nhdn thdnh phd Cdn Tha. So lieu trong nghiin ciru chinh thirc nay dugc thuc hien bang bang cdu hoi khao sdt, mau dugc chgn bang phuang phdp chgn mdu thuan tien vdi cd mdu Id 148 doanh nghiep tu nhdn thdnh pho Cdn Tha. Dua trin phucmg phdp dp tin cay Cronbach 's Alpha vd phdn tich nhdn to khdm phd EFA di do luang su hoi tu cua cdc bien. Phdn tich hdi quy di kiem dinh gid thuyet nghien cuu vd md hinh nghiin ciru theo SEM. Kit qud nghien cuu cho thdy, cdc nhdn td dnh huong den quyet dinh khdi sir doanh nghiep Id: Su sdng tgo. Chap nhdn rid ro. Sir nhgy ben, Nhdn dien ca hoi kinh doanh, Kiin thuc, ky ndng khdi nghiep, Ndng luc cd nhdn. Bdi viet cung ddng thdi thdo ludn nhirng kit qud nghien ciru chinh vd thdo ludn ham y chinh sdch di phdt triin doanh nghiep tu nhdn.
Tfr khoa: doanh nghiep tunhdn, khdi su doanh nghiep, thdnh phd Cdn Tha.
THE IMPACT ON THE ENTERPRISES OF THE PRIVATE ENTERPRISE IN CAN THO CITY UNDER THE MODEL STRUCTURE STRUCTURE SEM ABSTRACT
The study was conducted to identify) impacts on start-up of private businesses in Can Tho City.
Data in this official study were conducted using a swvey questionnaire, the sample was selected by a convenient sampling method with a sample size of 148 private enterprises in Can Tho City.
Based on Cronbach 's Alpha reliability method and EFA discovery factor analysts to measure the convergence of variables. Regression analysis to test research hypotheses and research models according to SEM The research results show that the factors that influence the decision to start a business are: Creativity. Risk-taking. Intelligence, Business opportunity identification. Knowledge, entrepreneurial skills, Talent personal force. The paper also discusses the main research findings and policv implications for private enterprise development.
Keywords: private enterprise, starting a business. Can Tho city.
' TS. Truang DH. Lao ddng-Xd hdi (CS2). tel: 0946336505, mail: vientonthatfagmail.com 24
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Tdc dgng den khdi si/...
i L d l D A N
Cdng nghiep la thd manh cua thanh phd
*"^" ^^o'' *iac biet la cdng nghiep chd bidn thiiy hai san, xay xat chi bidn gao, phan bdn, thudc sat triing, thudc thu y - thiiy san dimg trong ndng nghiep, bia, tan dugc, vat lieu xay dung, san xuat va phan phdi dien. Chinh su thuan lgi ve giao thdng, kinh td, dieu kien tu nhien, trong nhung nam gan day thanh phd ludn la didm thu hiit rat nhieu nha dau tu trong va ngoai nude.
Nhung, khd khan, thach thirc dd la: tang truong kinh te cua viing da cham lai trong nhidu nam lien, trong dd ndng nghiep - ngn tang kinh t^
cua viing da giam rat manh. Ty le tang dan sd chung ciia viing trong nhieu nam da thip hon ty le tang chung ciia ca nude, ty le xuit cu thuan ra ngoai viing klia cao trong nhieu nam. Trong khi do, sd lugng doanh nghiep cua thanh phd tang truong ciing rat cham. Ben canh dd, thanh phd ciing dang ddi mat vdi tinh trang bien ddi khi hau va nude bien dang. Nhung ap lye nay gay nen ap lye Idn ve sy thay ddi va nhu cau Idn trong img dung khoa hgc cdng nghe. Sd lugng doanh nghiep thanh lap mdi ciia thanh phd cd ty trong giam so vdi binh quan ca nude va khdng cd nhieu doanh nghiep ddi mdi ve khoa hgc va cdng nghe. Dac biet, thanh phd hien dang thieu hut mot ddi ngu doanh nhan, doanh nghiep hung manh ca ve sd lugng va chat lugng. Trong bdi canh dd, de cd nen kinh te nang dgng, cd siic canh tranh, thich ling vdi bien ddi khi hau, thanh phd khdng cd each gi khac la phai phat trien nhanh hem, nhieu ban sd lugng va chat lugng cac doanh nghiep, trong dd thuc day hoat dgng khdi nghiep la lya chgn phii hgp nhat hien nay, theo quylt dinh sd 492/QD-TTg ngay 16 thang 4 nam 2009 cita Thu tudng Chinh phu ve viec phe duyet De an thanh lap viing kinh td trgng didm vung ddng bang sdng Ciru Long.
2. CO S d LY LUAN VA MO HINH NGHIEN ClTU
Z.l.Cff s6"ly luan 2.1.1. Cdc khdi niem
2.1.1.1. Khdi niem Doanh nhdn?
Doanh nhan - "Entreprenuer" la mot tir vay mugn tir tieng Phap, cd the hieu la "dam nhan", hoac djch chinh xac thi cd nghTa la "tinh than lam chu". Nen doanh nhan cd the hieu la nhirng ngudi dam nhan cac boat ddng kinh doanh, tim ra cac co hdi mdi, chap nhan riii ro de thu lai lgi nhuan tir viec thda man nhiing nhu cau ciia khach hang.
Theo tu dien Cambridge thi doanh nhan chi nhiing ngudi thuc hien cac hoat dpng kinh doanh rieng cua hg, dac biet la khi hg nhin thay cac CO hdi kmh doanh mdi.
Chuyen gia Peter Drucker (1909-2005) md ta doanh nhan la mot ai do tim kiem su thay ddi, thich ling vdi sy thay ddi va tan dung co hdi dd.
2.1.1.2. Khdi niem Kinh doanh?
Theo tir dien kinh doanh (Business Dictionary) kinh doanh la hoat ddng ciia mot td chirc hoac he thdng kinh te nai hang hda va dich vu dugc trao ddi vdi nhau hoac quy ddi thanh tien.
Theo tir dien Cambridge (Cambridge dictionary), kinh doanh bao gdm hoat ddng mua va ban cac san pham hang hda va djch vu.
Lawrence Robert Dicksee, tac gia sach
"Business methods and the war" (xuat ban nam 1915) djnh nghTa "kinh doanh de cap den mot hinh thiic hoat ddng dugc thuc hien vdi muc tieu kiem lgi nhuan vi lgi ich cua nhiing khach bang". Vdi James Stephenson (tac gia ciia nhieu diu sach ndi tieng trong ITnh vyc kinh doanh), kinh doanh la "Viec san xuat hoac mua va ban hang hda thuong xuyen dugc thyc hien vdi muc tieu kilm lgi nhuan va lam giau thdng qua su thda man mong mudn cua con ngudi.". Trong khi dd, Lewis Henry Haney (nha kinh te hgc ngudi My) cho rang kinh doanh la "Hoat ddng ciia con ngudi hudng tdi san xuat hoac lam giau thdng qua viec mua va ban hang hda."
Theo Luat doanh nghiep 2014 (thdng qua ngay 26/11/2014. Viet Nam), "Kinh doanh
Tap chi Kinh t6' - Ky thuat
la viec thyc hien lien tuc mot, mot sd hoac tat ca cac cdng doan cua qua trinh, dau tu, tir san xuat den tieu thu san pham hoac cung ung djch vu tren thi truong nham muc dich sinh lgi."
Do do, thuat ngir kinh doanh cd the hieu nhu la viec lien tuc san xuat va phan phdi hang hda va djch vu vdi muc dich kiem lgi nhuan va dap img nhu cau cua ngudi tieu dimg.
2.1.1.3. Y dinh, khdi nghiep vd y dinh khdi nghiep la gi?
Ydinh (intention) theo tir dien Cambridge dugc hieu la mong mudn dugc lam mot viec gi dd ma ban mudn va du dinh lam.
Theo Wikipedia, "Khdi nghiep (startup hoac start-up) la thuat ngii chi ve nhiing cdng ty dang trong giai doan bat dau kinh doanh ndi chung (Startup company), nd thuong dugc dimg vdi nghTa hep chi cac cong ty cdng nghe trong giai doan lap nghiep. Khdi nghiep la mot td chiic dugc thiet ke nham cung cap san pham va dich vu trong nhirng dieu kien khdng chac chan nhat."
Y djnh la mot tinh hudng tu duy bao gdm kinh nghiem va hanh vi ca nhan cho mot muc dich cu the hoac mot hanh vi nhat dinh (Gerbing and Anderson 1988).
Y dinh khdi nghiep cd the dugc djnh nghTa la su lien quan y dinh ciia mot ca nhan de bat dau mot doanh nghiep (Souitaris, et al., 2007); la mot qua trinh djnh hudng viec lap ke hoach va trien khai thuc hien mot ke hoach tao lap doanh nghiep (Gupta & Bhawe, 2007). Y djnh khdi nghiep cua mot ca nhan bat ngudn tu viec hg nhan ra co hgi, tan dyng cac ngudn luc cd san va su hd trg ciia mdi truong de tao lap doanh nghiep ciia rieng minh (Kuckertz &
Wagner, 2010).
2.2. Mo hinh nghien ciru
Theo Arentz et al. (2012), viec tich liiy cac kien thuc kinh doanh giup ca nhan cd each suy nghT true quan va them phan nhay ben. Kien thirc, ky nang ddng vai tro vd ciing quan trgng trong qua trinh hinh thanh nang lye ca nhan - yeu
td quyet djnh d6n y djnh khdi nghiep vi nhiing ly do sau: Thii nhdt, kien thirc, ky nang dugc tich liiy trong qua trinh hgc tap, trau ddi, do do cd y nghTa thuc tiln trong kinh doanh. Thir hai, viec cd nhieu hieu biet sau rpng ve khdi nghiep hay kinh doanh giup ca nhan ty cau tnic hda nhiing y dinh, ke hoach trong tuang lai, tao nen tang kinh doanh viing chac dua tren vdn nang luc ca nhan tich luy. Thii ba, kien thiic, ky nang khdi nghiep dugc chia thanh nhieu loai nhu quan ly, lap ke hoach, giai quyet van de, giao tiep, kinh doanh,... giai quyet nhieu nhu cau tu thi truong, dam bao ca nhan cd du nang luc va sy ty tin de hinh thanh va phat trien y djnh khdi nghiep.
Gid thuyit H^: Kien thirc, ky ndng khdi nghiep cd tdc ddng tich cue den nang luc cd nhdn.
Nang luc ca nhan de cap den niem tin ciia mot ca nhan rang hg cd the thuc hien cac nhiem vu, hoan thanh vai trd va true tiep lien quan den ky vgng, muc tieu va ddng lye (Bandura, 2001).
Theo Gist & Mitchell (1992), nang luc ca nhan la mot phan doan - de cap den kha nang ciia mot ngudi de hoan thanh mot nhiem vu.
Trong md hinh nghien ciiu de xuat cua tac gia (2019), ndng luc cd nhdn la mot bien tiem an dugc hinh thanh tir cac bien quan sat (su sdng tgo, chap nhgn rui ro, sir nhgy ben va nhdn dien ca hoi kinh doanh), cd vai trd trung gian tac dgng len y djnh khdi nghiep.
- Sir sdng tgo: Sang tao ngu y viec ca nhan/td chirc san sang tham gia ddi mdi va thir nghiem (Rauch et al. 2009), thir cac san pham hoac djch vu mdi (Lumpkin va Dess 1996), hd trg cac y tudng mdi va thuc day cac qua hinh sang tao (Walter, Auer, va Ritter 2006), va kha nang gidi thieu cac quy trinh hien dai va san pham (Damanpour, 1991; Hurley et al., 1998).
Schumpeter (1990) djnh nghTa sang tao la khia canh CO ban nhat cua cac doanh nhan. Mueller
& Thomas (2001) lai cho rSng su ddi mdi la ddng luc chinh trong bat dau mpt cdng viec kinh doanh. Nhu vay, sang tao la mot thanh phin
Tdc dpng den khdJst/...
quan trgng hinh thanh nen nang lye ca nhan, tac (Jong tich cue ddn y djnh khdi nghiep.
- Chdp nhdn rui ro: Chip nhan riii ro lien quan den cac hanh ddng tao bao cua cdng ty bang each mao hiim vao viec thyc hien cac hanh ddng khdng chic chin va cam kit cac nguon lye dang ke da mao hidm vao mdi truong thj trudng khdng chic chin (Lyon va cdng su, 2000; Rauch va cong sy, 2009; Schindehutte va cong sy, 2008). Theo Corbett (2005), ngudi cd nang luc ca nhan cang cao se cang cd kha nang thuc hien cac nhiem vu va vai trd kinh doanh, ddng thdi, hg ciing cd nhilu nilm tin hem nlu tham gia kinh doanh trong tuong lai.
- Su nhgy bin: Nha kinh tl hgc My Peter F. Drucker cho rang tinh than khdi nghiep dugc hiiu la hanh dgng ciia doanh nhan khdi nghiep - ngudi tien hanh viec bien nhiing cam nhan nhay ben vl kinh doanh, tai chinh va sy ddi mdi thanh nhiing san pham hang hda mang tinh kinh tl. Kit qua cua nhiing hanh dgng nay la tao nen nhung td chirc mdi hoac gdp phan tai tao nhiing td chirc da "gia cdi". Kirzner (1973) md ta nhiing ngudi khdi nghiep kinh doanh la nhirng ngudi cd du kha nang nhay ben de phat hien dugc cac co hdi lgi nhuan ma truoc do chua bi phat hien ra de tan dyng cac co hdi dd, trong khi Ardichvili et al. (2003) nhan dinh mdi ca nhan khac nhau cd su nhay ben trudc ca hdi kinh doanh khac nhau, khac biet dd dua tren kien thiic va kinh nghiem, kha nang nam bat thdng tin va mang ludi quan he xa hdi ciia mgi ngudi. Rd rang, sy nhay ben cd vai trd quan trong cau thanh nang luc doanh nhan va cd mdi quan he thuan chieu ddi vdi y djnh khdi nghiep.
- Nhgn dien ca hdi kinh doanh • Ca hgi kinh doanh la nhiing y tudng kinh doanh mdi, kha thi, mang lgi ich hap dan khien doanh nhan nhan thay dang de trien khai thyc hien chiing (Nguyin Vilt Lgc, 2011). Hubert et al. (1997)
cho rang nhan dien ca hdi kinh doanh la djp de doanh nghiep dap ling nhu cau chua dugc thda man ciia khach hang va cd tiem nang sinh lgi.
Learned (2002) cho rang khdng phai bat cii ai Cling cd tiem nang de md mot doanh nghiep rieng. Hay Shapero (1981) nhan dinh mot ngudi khdi nghiep tiem nang la ngudi don lay co hgi de thanh lap cdng ty rieng minh ngay khi co hdi xuat hien. Nhu vay, ngudi cd nang luc ca nhan cang cao thi kha nang nhan dien co hgi kinh doanh cang cao, tir dd quyet djnh true tiep den y djnh khdi nghiep trong tuong lai.
Nhieu nghien cim khac ciing chi ra rang doanh nhan hay ngudi cd y djnh kinh doanh nen cd kha nang nhan dien ca hdi tdt, sy nhay ben va ty hieu qua, biit each tim kiem thdng tin nhanh, dung dl nim bat co hdi kinh doanh (Baron va Shane, 2008; Phan Anh Tu va Giang Thj Cam Tien, 2015; Krueger & cdng sy, 2000). Nhan thay cac bien quan sat da neu deu cd tac ddng din y djnh khdi nghiep thdng qua bien Nang luc ca nhan, tac gia dua ra gia thuyet H^ nhu sau:
Gid thuyet H,: Ndng luc cd nhdn co tdc ddng tich cue den y dinh khdi nghiep.
3. PHl/OfNG PHAP NGHIEN CIJ U 3.1. Phygng phap thu thap so lieu SO' cap
3.1.1. Md td viing nghien cuu vd thdi gian thu die lieu
Sd lieu so cap dugc thu thap bang bang cau hdi soan sSn vdi phuong phap phdng van tryc tilp (tay ddi) tren cac dap vien cu tni tai 9 quan/huyen bao gdm: Binh Thiiy, Cai Rang, Cd Dd, 6 Mon, Ninh Kilu, Phong Diln, Thdi Lai, Thdt Ndt va VTnh Thanh, tao nen su da dang viing nghien ciiu. Cac dap vien deu la doanh nhan dang kinh doanh tren dia ban. Khao sat dugc tiln hanh ni thang 9 nam 2018 din thang 5 nam 2019.
Tap chi Kinh t§' - Ky thu^t
Quan/Huyen Binh Thuy Cai Rang Co-Do 6 Mon Ninh Kieu Phong Di€n Thoi Lai Thot fik Vinh Thanh T6ng
Bang I, Cacdu mdu So dap vien 9 13 29 28 9 1 23 20 26 148
Ty trjng (%) 6,1 8,8 19,6 18,9 6,1 0,7 15,5 13,5 10,8 100
(Ngudn: theo tinh todn cua Ngo Quang Hien (2019)) 3.1.2. C&mau
Trong md hinh nghien ciiu cac nhan td anh hudng den y djnh khdi nghiep ciia cac doanh nhan Can Tho, tac gia de xuat 25 bien quan sat, do dd sd lugng quan sat tdi thieu can thiet de dat dieu kien tien hanh nghien ciiu la 25 x 5 = 125
\ quan sat. Tuy nhien, thyc te khao sat da thu dugc tdng sd 148 quan sat tren 5 tinh thanh.
3.1.3. Phuang phdp chon mau Phuong phap tiep can ddi tugng khao sat theo kieu thuan tien, nghTa la khi tiep can vdi ddi tugng khao sat tai dja ban neu dugc sy cho phep hoac ddng y ciia ddi tugng thi phdng van vien se thyc hien cupc phdng van, ngugc lai thi phdng van vien se tiep tuc tiep can dap vien ke tiep. Dang chii y la dap vien phai la ngudi cd quan tam den khdi nghiep. Cugc khao sat da thu dugc 148 quan sat tren tdng sd 160 quan sat, 12 quan sat khdng dat yeu cau da dugc loai ra khdi cd mau.
3.1.4. Bang cau hdi
Bang cau hdi dugc chia lam 3 phan chinh: (I) Phdn sdn lgc vd thdng tin chung gdm 6 cau hdi thang do djnh danh giiip san lgc va lua chgn dap vien phii hgp cho yeu cau nghien ciru. (2) Phdn y dinh khdi nghiep gdm 3 cau hdi thang do dinh danh khao sat mirc dp mudn khdi nghiep va ly do cd hoac khdng cd y djnh khdi
nghiep cua dap vien, (3) Phdn nhdn thuc ve khai nghiep kinh doanh sir dung thang do likert 5 mirc do tuang ung: (1) Rdt khdng ddng y, (2) Khdng ddng y, (3) Binh thuong, (4) Ddng y va (5) Hoan todn ddng y de do ludng 9 nhdm cau hdi Idn la (I) Kiin thuc, ky ndng khai nghiep, (11) Td chat doanh nhdn (gdm 9 nhdm nhd la Chap nhan nii ro, Tien phong, Lac quan. Sang tao, Nhu cau thanh tuu. Thai do khdi nghiep, Kiem soat hanh vi, Kha nang chju dyng sy ma hd va Y dinh khdi nghiep), (III) Quan hi xd hdi (Ngudi tu van, gdp y kien trong cdng viec, Lien ket manh va Lien ket yeu), (IV) Mdi tnrong ben ngodi (Tinh nang ddng ciia thj trudng, Tinh da dang cua thj trudng. Dp "md" cua thj trudng va Ngudn vdn hd trg), (V) Tu chii, (VI) Tim kiem thdng tin, (VU) Su nhgy ben, (VIII) Tu hieu qud, (IX) Khai thdc ca hoi kinh doanh.
3.3. Phu'ong phap phan tich dir lieu 3.3.1 Kiem dinh do tin cay cua thang do bang he so Cronbach's Alpha
Kiem dinh Cronbach s Alpha la phuang phap kilm djnh nham phan tich va danh gia dg tin cay ciia thang do. Gia tri ddng gdp nhieu hay it dugc phan anh thdng qua he so tuang quan biin tdng (Corrected Item - Total Correlation).
Qua dd, cho phep loai bd nhimg bien khdng phii hgp (biln "rac") trong md hinh nghien ciru.
Tac dong den khdi si/...
Cong thirc tinh he s5 cronbach's Alpha la;
a=Np/[l+p(N-l)] (3.1) Trong do, p la he so tuang quan trung binh giiia cac muc hoi (Hoang Trpng va Chu NguySn Mong Ngoc, 2008).
3.3.2. Phan tich nhan td khdm phi (EFA) Mo hinh phan tich nhan 16 kham pha co dang:
X^ = A^f^ + A^f^ + A^f^ + ... + Af^__ + KU (3.2) trong do:
X la bien thu i chudn hoa
A^^ la he s6 hoi quy chuan hoa cua nhan toy doi vol bien /
F la cac nhan to chung
V^ la he so hoi quy chuan hoa cua nhan to i doi voi bien i
U^ la nhan to dac trung ciia bien / n la so nhan to chung
3.3.3. Phan tich nhan to khdng dinh CFA Theo Khne (2011), dS thanh lap dugc mo hinh CFA can thoa man 2 dieu kien sau sau:
(1) NSu CFA CO 1 cku tnic nhan to, can co toi thiSu 3 bito do lucmg (indicators).(2) Neu CFA CO tir 2 c4u tnic nhan to tro len, moi cju tnic can CO t6i thiju 2 biSn do luong.
Trong CFA, phai xac dinh 5 thanh phSn:
(J) Cau triic in (latent construe), (2) Cdc bien go luang (measured variable), (3) Cdc he sd tdi (loadings), (4) mdi lien he giiia cdc cdu tnic dn va (5) sai sd (errors) cho tung biin do lucmg.
Cac c4u tnic in duoc bleu diln bang hinh clip hoac hinh Iron, cac biSn do luong dugc bilu diSn bing hinh vuong hoac chu' nhat. Moi quan he hrong quan (correlational) dugc bieu diln bang mui ten 2 diu. M6i biln do lucmg deu CO s6 du, la phin ma biln ciu tnic khong giai thich dugc su biln thien ciia biln do lugng.
3.3.4. Md hinh cdu true tuyin tinh SEM Mo hinh SEM dugc xac dinh thong qua he s6 bac tu do df. Vol bac tii do la sir khac biet giOa t6ng s6 da lieu quan sat dau vao (data points) va ting s6 cac thong s6 uoc lugng trong SEM.
Cong thiic tinh:
df= l/2[(p + q)(p + q+l)]-t (3.3) trong do:
p la s6 cac bien chi bao noi sinh q la s6 cac bien chi bao ngoai smh p+q la so bien quan sat
t la so cac thong so uoc lugng '/i[(p+q)(p+q+l) la s6 quan sat hay hiep phucmg sai trong ma Iran (data points)
Mo hinh co cjf = 0 va chi co mot loi giai kha dT cho mil uoc lugng thong so dugc ggi la md hinh xdc dinh (Just Identifition).
Mo hinh co df< 0 va co v6 so cac gia tri uoc lugng thong s6 goi la md hinh kem xdc dinh (Under Identification)
Mo hinh co df> 0 va co hon mot loi giai kha dl (nhimg co mot loi giai toi uu hay tot nhat dii vcji mil udc lugng thong so) dugc gpi la 6 hinh qua xdc dinh (Over Identification).
Su xdc dinh la mot yeu cau vl cau tnic hay toan hpc dl co thi tiln hanh phan tich SEM, vay nen <^cang Ion cang tot. Tuy nhien, neu df red vao truong hop kem xac dinh, can dieu chinh lai bing each thu thap them dii lieu hoac xac dinh lai mo hinh.
4. KET QUA NGHIEN CtStS
4.1. Phan tich nhSn t l kham pha cac bien doc lap
Sau khi dugc kilm dinh do tin cay Cronbach's Alpha, 19 biln doc lap dugc tilp tuc dua vao phan tich nhan to kham pha EFA dua tren eg so ly thuyit, thu dugc kit qua nhu sau:
4.1.1. Kit qui phan tich nhdn td kham phd lin 1 (phep xoay promaxj
Kit qua phan tich nhan tl kham pha EFA lin 1 vol he si KMO dat 0,786, thoa dilu kien 0,5 < KMO = 0,786 < 1, chiing to phan tich nhan t l thich hgp veil du: lieu nghien cuu.
Kit qua kilm dinh Bartlett's Test of Sphericity la 866,320 voi miic y nghTa Sig. = 0,000 < 0,05, cho thiy cac biln quan sat co moi lucmg quan chat che vol nhau (Hoang Trgng va Chu Nguyen Mong Ngoc, 2008). Tilp theo, khi can cii vao trj
Tap chi Kinh tfe • Ky thuat
sd Eigenvalue, tac gia thay rang ca 5 nhdm nhan td dugc giii lai deu cd trj sd Eigenvalue > 1 ddng thdi, gia tri tdng phucmg sai trich la 59,938% >
50% la dat yeu cau, chiing td 5 nhdm nhan td nay dugc giai thich bdi 59,938% do bien thien ciia cac quan sat. Ket qua nay cho thay phan tich nhan td kham pha cd y nghTa.
Tuy nhien, khi xem xet he sd tai nhan td (Factor loadings), ngoai 16 bien cd he sd tai nhan td > 0,5 cd dp tin cay cao va ddng gdp vao viec giai thich cho nhan to chinh, cdn cd 3 bien he sd tai nhan td khdng dat yeu cau nen bj loai ra khdi md hinh gdm: ST2, NBl va NB3. Tien hanh phan tich nhan td kham pha lan 2.
4.1.2. Kit qud phan tich nhan td khdm phd lan 2 (phep xoay promax)
Ket qua phan tich nhan td kham pha EFA lan 2 vdi he sd KMO dat 0,725, thda dilu kien 0,5 < KMO = 0,725 < 1, chiing td phan tich nhan td thich hgp vdi du" lieu nghien ciiu.
Ket qua kiem djnh Bartlett's Test of Sphencity la 626,939 vdi mirc y nghTa Sig. = 0,000 < 0,05, cho thay cac bien quan sat cd mdi tuong quan chat che vdi nhau (Hoang Trgng va Chu Nguyen Mgng Nggc, 2008). Tiep theo, khi can cii vao tri sd Eigenvalue, tac gia thay rang 5 nhdm nhan td deu cd trj sd Eigenvalue > 1 ddng thdi, gia tri tdng phuang sai trich la 62,552% > 50% la dat yeu cau, chung td 5 nhdm nhan td nay dugc giai thich bdi 62,552% dp bien thien ciia cac quan sat. Ket qua nay cho thay phan tich nhan td
kham pha cd y nghTa.
Tuy nhien, khi xem xet he sd tai nhan td (Factor loadings) cd 1 biln khdng dat yeu cau la NB2. Tien hanh phan tich nhan td kham pha ian3.
4.1.3. Ket qud phdn tich nhdn to khdm phd lan cudi (phep xoay promax)
Ket qua phan tich nhan td kham pha lan cudi gom cac bien ban dau phan chia lai thanh 5 nhdm nhan td, thu dugc gia tri KMO ^ 0,709, thda dilu kien 0,5 < KMO = 0,709 < 1, cho thay phan tich nhan td phii hgp vdi dii lieu nghien ciiu.
Ket qua kiem dinh Bartlett's Test of Sphericity la 551,446 vdi miic y nghTa Sig. - 0,000 < 0,05, cho thay cac bien quan sat cd mdi tuong quan chat che vdi nhau (Hoang Trgng va Chu Nguyen Mgng Nggc, 2008). Tiep theo, khi can cir vao trj sd Eigenvalue, tac gia thay rang ca 5 nhdm nhan td dugc giir lai deu cd trj sd Eigenvalue > 1 ddng thdi, gia tri tdng phuang sai trich la 64,024%. >
50% la dat yeu cau, chiing td 4 nhdm nhan td nay dugc giai thich bdi 64,024%) do bien thien ciia cac quan sat. Ket qua nay cho thay phan tich nhan td kham pha lan cudi cd y nghTa.
Ben canh dd, ca 15 bien quan sat d lan phan tich nhan td cudi ciing nay deu dii dieu kien la cd he sd tai nhan td > 0,5 va hdi tu ve 5 nhdm nhan td khac nhau nen dimg viec phan tich cac nhan td kham pha EFA lai va tien hanh chia nhdm nhan td theo kit qua da thu dugc, dugc cho trong bang sau:
Bang 2. Kit qud ma trdn xoay nhdn td Idn cudi (phep xoay promax) He so tai nhan to
Bien quan ST3 ST4 STl KT4 ND4 ND3 NB4
sat 1
0,803 0,713 0,600 0,533
2
0,722 0,648 0,627
RR2 RRl RR3 KT2 KT3 KTl NDI ND2 KMO Bartlett Test ol Sig.
Tong phirffng s r Sphericity iai trich (%)
0,845 0,776 0,618
0,804 0,692 0,668
0,709 551,446 0,000 64,024
0,792 0,716
(Nguon: theo tinh todn cita Ngo Quang Hien (2019)) Sau khi trai qua kilm djnh Cronbach's
Alpha va 3 lan phan tich nhan td kham pha EFA, tir 21 bien doc lap thupc 5 nhdm nhan td ban dau dua vao md hinh dl ximt^^lt qua chi cdn 15 bien gom thanh 5 nhdm nhan td, Bu thi:
- Nhdn td Ff. Nhdm nhan td F\hien tai cd 3 bien thudc nhdm nhan td Sdng tgo va 1 biln thudc nhdm nhan td Kien thuc, ky ndng khdi nghiep ban dau, tap bien mdi gdm "STI. Toi br tin vao kha nang cua minh cd the giai quyet van de mot each sang tao", "ST3. Tdi sSn sang thu nghiem nhirng phuong an mdi de giai quyet van de", "ST4. Tdi cho rang nha quan ly trong cdng ty phai ludn dat trgng tam nghien ciiu va phat trien ky thuat, cdng nghe hang dau va ddi mdi" va "KT4. Can cd kien thiic co ban de khdi nghiep nhu tai chinh, Marketing, quan ly".
Sternberg (2004) cho ring dl KSDN mot each thanh cdng thi ddi hdi mot ca nhan phai cd cac Igi thi vl tu duy phan tich, tu duy sang tao va tu duy thuc te. Nhu vay, nhan td F, van la nhan td Sdng tao.
- Nhdn td F;. Nhdm nhan td F^ gdm 3 biln tuong quan, trong do: 2 bien thudc nhan td Nhdn dien ca hdi kinh doanh la "ND3. Trong nhiing hoat ddng thuong ngay ludn tdn tai nhimg ca hdi kinh doanh tiem an", "ND4. Tdi cd the nhan biet dugc cac ca hdi ve san pham va dich vu mdi d thj trudng mdi" va 1 bien thudc nhan td Sir nhgy
ben la "NB4. Tdi ludn suy nghT ve nhung co hdi hay tim kiem nhiing ca hdi lam an mdi". Tuy nhien, xet thay cac bien deu cd diem chung la phan anh kha nang nhan dien co hdi kinh doanh ciia ca nhan nen nhan td F, se la nhan td Nhan dien Cff hoi kinh doanh.
- Nhdn td F^: Nhdm nhan td F^ gdm 3 bien ban dau ciia nhan td Chdp nhdn rui ro, cu the; "RRl. Tdi thich duong dau vdi nhiing trd ngai trong nhimg tinh hudng ma nhieu ngudi coi la mao hiem", "RR2. Trong mot tinh hudng ma kha nang thanh cdng chi khoang 1/5 (riii ro cao) nhung lgi nhuan dem lai Idn khoang 4/5 so vdi sd vdn bd ra, tdi se chgn tinh hudng nay", "RR3.
Tdi khdng he do dy, e ngai khi bat dau mot mdi lam an mdi (ban them mat hang mdi, hgp tac lam an hay md them mot cira hang mdi...) dii cho tdi khdng biet gi ve nd". Do khdng cd su thay ddi Idn trong tap bien, nen nhan td F^ van se dugc giii nguyen ten ggi la nhan td Chdp nhgn riii ro.
- Nhdn td F^: Nhdm nhan td F^ gdm 3 bien thudc nhan td ban dau la Kien thuc, ky ndng khdi nghiep: "KTl. Tdi cd nhiing hieu biet sau rpng ve thj trudng nhu cac mdi quan he vdi nha cung cap (nguyen vat lieu, ngudn hang..), ky nang ban hang va cac loai may mdc thiet bj diing cho cdng viec lam an ciia minh", "KT2. Tdi ludn biit each chieu long khach hang" va "KT3. Tdi
Tap chi Kinh t4 - Ky thuat
da quen vdi viec xu ly cac van de khach hang gap phai". Nhan thay nhdm nhan td F^ chi cd cac bien thudc ciing 1 nhan td cu nen tac gia quyet dinh nhan td nay van giii ten la nhan td Kien thirc, ky ndng khdi nghiep.
- Nhdn td F/. Nhdm nhan td F. bao gdm 2 bien thudc nhan td Nhan dien co hoi kinh doanh ban dau la "NDI.Tdi cd the nhan ra nhiing co hdi lam an mdi trong nhiing nganh nghe, ITnh vyc ma tdi chua tung cd kinh nghiem trudc dd."
va "ND2. Tdi co the phat hien ra dugc nhieu co hdi lam an khac nhau va lap ke hoach de nam bat CO hgi". Tac gia nhan thay 2 bien nay deu ndi den kha nang ca nhan trong viec nhan biet CO hdi lam an dya tren kinh nghiem san cd cung nhu kha nang lap ke hoach kinh doanh, do dd tac gia quyet djnh ggi nhdm nhan td F. nay la Tyhieu qud.
4.2. Phan tich nhan to kham pha bien phu thu6c
Kit qua phan tich EFA biln phu thudc thu dugc gia trj KMO = 0,691, thda dieu kien 0,5 <
KMO = 0,691 < 1, cho thiy phan tich nhan td kham pha cho 3 biln nay la phii hgp vdi dii li?u nghien ciiu. Ket qua kilm djnh Bartlett's Test of Sphericity la 104,999 cho thSy do tuong quan cua cac bien trong md hinh vdi miic y nghTa Sig.
= 0,000 < 0,05, chimg td cac biln phu thudc cd mdi tuong quan chat che vdi nhau (Hoang Trgng va Chu Nguyen Mgng Nggc, 2008). Tiep theo, khi can cir vao tri sd Eigenvalue, tac gia thay rang trj sd Eigenvalue = 2,039 > 1, ddng thdi, gia tri tdng phuong sai trich la 67,960% >
50% la dat yeu cau, chung td y dinh khdi nghiep dugc giai thich bdi 67,960%) dp bien thien ciia cac bien phu thudc. Ket qua nay cho thay phan tich nhan td kham pha cd y nghTa. Ben canh dd.
3 bien phu thugc deu du dieu kien la cd he sd tai nhan td > 0,5 nen deu dugc giii lai md hinh.
Bang 3. Kit qud ma trdn xoay nhdn td biin phu thudc (phep xoay promax) Bien phu thuoc He s6 tai nhan td
E02 0,842 EOl 0,835 E03 0,795 KMO 0,691 Bartlett Test of Sphericity 104,999
Sig. 0,000 Tdng phuong sai trich (%) 67,960
(Ngudn: theo tinh todn cua Ngd Quang Hiin (2019)) 4.3. Mo hinh nghien ciru dieu chinh quan cua cac biln trong md hinh vdi mirc y nghTa Trudc khi bat diu phan tich nhan td khSng Sig. = 0,000 < 0,05, chimg td cac biln phu thugc djnh CFA, tac gia can tien hanh phan tich nhan to
chung EFA cho tat ca bien ddc lap va phu thugc de xac djnh cac bien chia theo 5 nhdm nhan to ddc lap va 1 nhdm nhan td phu thudc trong phdn 4.3 da phii hgp vdi md hinh hay chua. Kit qua chay EFA chung thu dugc 0,5 < KMO - 0,748 < 1, cho thay phan tich nhan td kham pha phii hgp vdi dSx lieu nghien ciiu. Ket qua kiem djnh Bartlett's Test of Sphericity la 746,080 cho thiy do Urong
cd moi tuong quan chat che vdi nhau (Hoang Trgng va Chu Nguyen Mong Nggc, 2008). Trj sd Eigenvalue deu Idn ban 1, ddng thdi, gia trj tdng phuang sai trich la 65,345% > 50%) la dat yeu cau, chiing td y dinh khdi nghiep dugc giai thich bdi 65,345%) dp bien thien cua cac biln va he sd tai nhan td bing biln deu > 0,5 chung td md hinh da phu hgp vdi cac biln quan sat. Kit qua cudi ciing dugc dien giai trong bang sau:
EOS E02 EOl ST3 STl ST4 KT4 RR2 RRl RR3 KT2 KT3 KTl NB4 ND4 ND3 NDI ND2 KMO Bartlett' Sig.
Bang 4. Kit He so tai 1 0,855 0,798 0,713
qud ma trdn xoay nhdn td nhan to
2 3
0,810 0,658 0,636 0,565
0,850 0,758 0,630
- — -
s Test of Sphericity Tong phircng sai trich
(%)
(promax) cho tdt 4
0,780 0,697 0,678
cd bien quan 5
0,718 0,643 0,552
0,748 746,080 0,000 65,345
sdt 6
0,826 0,738
Sau khi tien hanh kiem dinh dp tin cay Cronbach's Alpha ciia thang do va phan tich nhan td kham pha EFA rieng 3 lan cho nhdm bien ddc lap va 1 lan nhdm bien phu thudc, sau do thcu75 hien phan tich nhan td kham pha EFA chung 1 lan cho ca hai nhdm bien, tir 21 bien ddc lap trong md hinh dl xuit la: (1) Kien thirc, tp ndng khdi nghiep (KTl, KT2, KT3, KT4), (2) Sdng tgo (STl, ST2, ST3, ST4, ST5), (3) Chdp nhdn rui ro (RRl, RR2, RR3, RR4), (4) Sir nhgy ben (NBl, NB2, NB3, NB4), (5) Nhgn dien ca hdi kinh doanh (NDI, ND2, ND3, ND4), lugng biln ddc lap giam xudng
Hinh 1. Mo hinh nghien ciru diiu chinh
(Ngudn: theo tinh todn cua Ngd Quang Hiin (2019)) cdn 15 bien phu hgp de nghien cim va tac gia dua tren ket qua phan tich nhan td kham pha de tien hanh gom cac bien thanh 5 nhdm nhan td mdi la:
(1) Sdng tgo (STl, ST3, ST4 va KT44), (2) Nhdn dien ca hdi kinh doanh (ND3, ND4 va NB4), (3) Chdp nhdn rui TO (RRl, RR2 va RR3), (4) Kiin thicc, ky ndng khdi nghiep (KTl, KT2 va KT3) va (5) Tu hieu qud (NDI va ND2). Nhan thay ket qua phan tich cac bien va nhdm nhan to da khdng cdn phii hgp vdi md hinh de xuat nghien ciru ban dau nen tac gia dua ra md hinh nghien ciiu dieu chinh nhu sau:
Kien thiic, ky nang khdi nghiep
Nhan dien ca hgi kinh doanh
H (+) . Nang ca nil
Sang tao lire an
Hi +)
Chap nhan rui ro
Ydjnh khoi nghiep
Tu hieu qua
Tap chi Kinh td" - Ky thuat
4.4. Phan tich nhan to khang dinh CFA Sau qua trinh kiem dinh dp tin cay Cronbach's Alpha va phan tich nhan td kham pha EFA, tac gia tiep Uic thuc hien phan tich nhan td khang dinh CFA tren tdng sd 6 tap bien bao gom 15 bien quan sat thudc 5 nhdm nhan td lan lugt la Nhdn dien ca hdi kinh doanh, Sdng tgo, Chdp nhdn riii ro, Kiin thuc, ky ndng khdi nghiep va 3 bien phu thupc thudc nhdm nhan td Y dinh khdi nghiep. Ket qua phan tich nhan td khang djnh CFA thu dugc chi sd Chi - binh phuong la 191,162 vdi gia tri p - 0,000 < 0,05 cho thay md hinh dat dugc dp tuong thich vdi dii lieu cua thi trudng (Nguyin Dinh Thg, 2012).
Chi sd CMIN/df = 1,593 < 3 dat mirc tdt, chi sd RMSEA la 0,065 < 0,08 cho thiy sy phii hgp cua md hinh nay vdi dir lieu thu thap tir cac dap vien (Anderson, 1988). Tuy nhien, cac chi sd 0,8
< GFI = 0,888, TLI = 0,856 va CFl - 0,887 < 0,9 nen chua phai md hinh phu hgp tdt nhat ma chi la md hinh tam chap nhan dugc.
Khi kiem tra he sd chuan hda cita timg bien quan sat, tac gia nhan thay biln ddc lap Hinh 2. Kit qud md
KT4 cd gia tri udc tinh la 0,393 < 0,5 nen khdng dat yeu cau va bj loai khdi md hinh, cac biln cdn lai deu cd gia trj > 0,5 nen dugc giii lai va tien hanh chay lai md hinh phan tich nhan to khang djnh CFA lan 2.
Sau khi da loai bd biln KT4 thugc nhdm nhan td Sdng tgo, tac gia thuc hien phan tich nhan td khang djnh CFA lan 2, ddng thdi mdc hiep phuang sai ciia cac cap bien RR2-RR1 va NB4-ND3 de cai thien dp phii hgp cua md hinh, ket qua thu dugc nhu sau:
Chi sd Chi - binh phuang la 154,746 vdi gia trj p - 0,001 < 0,05, chi sd CMIN/df dat 1,517 < 3 dat miic tdt. Chi sd CFl = 0,912 >
0,9 la md hinh phii hgp tdt, chi sd GF1=0,898 va TLI=0,883 > 0,8 va tiem can 0,9 cd thi su dung dugc. Chi sd RMSEA = 0,061 < 0,08 nen md hinh phii hgp vdi dii' lieu nghien cim, dong thdi toan bd he sd chuan hda ciia cac bien quan sat deu > 0,5 nen cd the tien hanh kiem dinh md hinh ly thuyet va cac gia thuyet nghien ciru bang md hinh cau tnic tuyen tinh SEM.
hinh CFA dd chudn hda
(Nguon: theo tinh todn ciia Ngd Quang Hien (2019))
Tdc dong den lihdi stt...
4.5. Phan tich rao hinh c4u triic tuyIn tinh SEM
Kiem dinh cau triic tuyIn tinh SEM thu dugc ket qua chi si Chi-square dat 173,731 vol gia trj p = 0,000 < 0,5, Chi-square dilu chinh bac tu do CMIN/df = 1,565 < 3, cac chi si GFI
= 0,884, TLI = 0,872, CFl = 0,895 diu Ion hgn 0,8 va RMSEA = 0,064 < 0,08 chiing to mo hinh phu hgp voi yeu clu tuong thich dii lieu thi truong. Tuy nhien, dl mo hinh co miic do phii hgp dat cao hon a tit ca cac chi si, tac gia thuc hien viec cai thien cac hiep phugng sai cua cac
Hinh 3. Ket qud kiem dinh ^
bien bang each moc cac hiep phuong sai cua cac biln si thang do trong ciing nhom. Cu the, moc cac hiep phuong sai (covariance) cua bien RR2 vgi biln RR3, Sang tao vol Riii ro, Rui ro voi Tu hieu qua. Kit qua thu dugc nhu sau: chi so Chi-square dat 151,112 voi gia tri p = 0,002 <
0,5, Chi-square dilu chinh bac tu do CMIN/df=
1,427 < 3, cac chi si GFI = 0,898 tiem can 0,9, TLI = 0,903, CFl = 0,923 diu Ion bom 0,9 va RMSEA = 0,055 < 0,08 chimg to mo hinh phii hgp vgi yeu cau tugng thich du lieu thi trucmg.
'd hinh SEM dd chudn hda
Chl-square=151,112; df=108: CMIN/df=1.427: p=0,002 GFI=0,898; TLi=0,903: CFI=0,923: RMSEA=0.055
Trong mo hinh nghien ciru co 6 khai niem doc lap la Kiln thuc, ky nang khoi nghiep, Nang lu'C ca nhan, Nhan dien eg hgi kinh doanh. Sang tao. Chip nhan rui ro, Tu hieu qua va khai niem phu thugc Y dinh khoi nghiep.
Kit qua cac trong si da chuan hoa trong mo hinh diu mang diu duong cho thay tat ca cac biln doc lap diu tac dgng tich cue den bien phu thugc.
- Gia thuyit H,: Ket qua uoc lugng trgng s6 da chuln hoa cua mil quan he giira Ky nang, kiln thirc khoi nghiep len Nang lire ca nhan dat 0,493 voi mirc y nghla thong ke p = 0,003 cho thiy gia thuyit ban diu dugc chap nhan.
(Ngudn; theo tinh todn cita Ngd Quang Hien (2019)) Dieu nay cung da dugc chimg minh trong nhieu nghien ciru truoc day. Theo Shapero and Sokol (1982) ky nang cua moi ca nhan co anh huong gian tilp den quyet dinh khoi nghiep.
- Gia thuyet H,: Moi quan he giira Nang luc ca nhan vol Y dinh khoi nghiep dugc phan anh qua gia tri trgng so da chuan hoa la 0,773 voi mirc y nghTa p = 0,000, la co so de chap nhan gia thuyet.
Xet trong moi quan he giira Nang luc ca nhan voi cac nhan to phan anh thi yeu to Nhan dien CO hgi kinh doanh co tac dgng manh nhat vgi he si uoc lugng chuan hoa la 0,834; ke den la ylu tl Sang tao co he so uoc lugng chuan
Tap chi Kinh tfe" - Ky thuat
hda la 0,692, trong khi he sd nay d yeu td Tu hieu qua la 0,636 va yeu td cd phan anh yeu nhat Nang luc ca nhan la Chap nhan riii ro vdi 0,276.
Vi Nang luc ca nhan dugc cau thanh tir cac nhan td Nhan dien co hdi kinh doanh, Sang tao, Ty hieu qua va Chap nhan riii ro nen cd the ndi cac nhan td ke tren thdng qua nhan td gian tiep tiem an) Nang luc ca nhan de tac ddng len Y djnh khdi nghiep.
5. THAO LUAN VA HAM Y CHINH SACH Sau khi tien hanh kiem dinh Cronbach's Alpha, phan tich nhan td kham pha EFA, phan tich nhan td khang djnh CFA va md hinh cau tnic tuyen tinh SEM, tir 21 bien ddc lap tir 5 nhdm nhan td, ket qua cdn lai 14 bien quan sat thupc nhdm Kien thirc, ky nang khdi nghiep tac ddng tich eye len Nang luc ca nhan, trong khi 3 nhdm nhan td lan lugt la Nhan dien co hdi kinh doanh. Sang tao va Chap nhan nii ro phan anh qua bien tiem an Nang lye ca nhan cd tac ddng tich eye den khdi su doanh nghiep. Vi vay, ndi dung phan tich tren dugc ham y mot sd chinh sach can thiet nhu sau:
Thic nhdt, vai trd cua Nha nude cd tac
> d^ng tryc tiep den y djnh khdi sy doanh nghiep vi vay UBND thanh phd Can Tho can cd cac chinh sach, bien phap hiiu hieu, sdm hoan thien va trien khai cac chuong trinh khdi nghiep trong cac giai doan tiep theo vdi chu trucmg phii hgp ciia Dang, nha nude va phii hgp vdi dac diem ciia dia phuong. Ddng thdi, cd kl hoach, chuong trinh bdi duong thuong xuyen nghiep vy, chuyen mon cho cac ddi tugng cd nhu ciu khdi nghiep va cac ndi dung dao tao clin dugc thdng bao rpng rai tren cac phuang tien thdng tin dai chung de ngudi dan deu biet dugc Ak cd thi dang ky tham gia khi cd nhu cau that su.
Ddng thdi, ddi vdi cac ddi tugng khi that su cd y djnh khdi sy doanh nghiep thi Nha nude va dja phuang can cd cac chinh sach hd trg kjp thdi, uu dai thich hgp nhat nhu chinh sach hd trg vl thul, vdn vay khdi nghiep, quy hoach dat dai nham
khuyen khich cac ca nhan nay cd co hdi phat trien va md rdng dau tu.
Thu hai, xa hgi phat trien rat nhanh \e tAt ca mgi mat, viec ling dung cac kT thuat tien tien vao kinh doanh cung thay ddi nhanh chdng nham tao ra cac gia trj san xuat cd hieu qua va chat lugng ban. Tri thiic cd tac dpng tryc hep din nhan thirc, phat trien ky nang vi vay vi^
nang cao y thiic tu trang bi kiln thuc cho the he tre la vd cimg quan trpng va can thiet vi the ban than mdi ca nhan can y thiic dugc ve tam quan trgng trong viec trao ddi kien thirc ve mgi mat, ciing nhu cac ky nang khdi nghiep thdng qua cac khoa dao tao... Ben canh do cac dia phuong tai cac quan, huyen can chii ddng trong cdng tac dao tao cho the he tre nhu thuong xuyen md cac chuong trinh dao tao ngan ban, md cac trung tam hoac cac cau lac bd hd trg ve kien thirc va ky nang khdi nghiep, hoac dinh ky mot thang mot lan tien hanh md cac budi tpa dam trao ddi gifta cac doanh nghiep tren dja ban vdi nhiing ngudi cd y dinh khdi nghiep, tu do giiip cho nhimg ngudi cd y djnh khdi nghiep hpc hdi dugc nhieu kien thiic quy bau ciia the he di trudc, tir dd tien hanh khdi sy thanh cdng.
Thu ba, ddi vdi ngudi kinh doanh, viec nhan dien co hdi kinh doanh la vd ciing quan trpng, giup ca nhan cd thdi gian hoach djnh chien luge, phat thao y tudng va tien hanh kmh doanh mot each kjp thdi dap img nhu cau thj trudng..
Vi vay, cac co quan ban nganh cd lien quan can tich eye tao dieu kien de ngudi dan tiep can co hdi kinh doanh nhu td chiic cac chuong trinh tpa dam, san choi nham trao ddi thdng tin, md rdng quan he dl thiic day tinh than khdi nghiep.
Sang tao va doi mdi la yeu td phan anh manh nhat nang lye ca nhan, tac ddng tich cue len y djnh khdi nghiep, do dd, ban than ca nhan khi cd cac sang kien mdi trong kinh doanh thi can nhieu chucmg trinh hd trg khdi nghiep, gdp phan giiip ngudi dan hinh thanh va phat trien y tuong khdi nghiep ciia minh. Ddng thdri. khdi nghiep can phai cd kha nang chap nh|in riii ro, chuAn bj
Tdc dong den khdi St/...
san cac phuong an img pho kip thcri nhim giam thieu thiet hai xuong mirc thap nhat. Muln thirc men dieu nay, ben canh su hgp tac, ho trg tir dii tac, dia phuong thi ban than moi ca nhan trong qua trinh hinh thanh va phat triln y dinh kinh doanh, dilu hanh doanh nghiep cin hiiu ro, cin tu xay dung y thiic nghien cim vl quy luat canh tranh ciia thi truong, tu nghien ciru hgc hoi xay dung quy trinh quan tri vl nil ro phii hgp nhit cho doanh nghiep minh.
Tren day la noi dung bai vilt tac gia xay dung./.
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO
[1] Bui Huynh Tuin Duy, Le Thi Lin, Dao Thi Xuan Duyen, Nguyen Thu Hien (2011).
Nghien cuu dnh hudng cita cdc yeu td tinh each cd nhdn len tiem ndng khdi nghiep ciia sinh vien. Tap chi Science & Technology Development, Vol 14, No.Q3- 2011.
[2] Hoang Trgng va Chu Nguyin Mgng Ngoc (2008). Phdn tich da lieu vdi SPSS (2 tap), HaNgi:NXBH6ngDirc.
[3] Nguyin Quic Nghi, Le Thi Dieu Hien va Mai Vo Nggc Thanh (2016), Cdc nhdn to dnh hu&ng din y dinh khai su doanh nghiep cita sinh vien khoi ngdnh quan tri kinh doanh tai cdc trudng dai hoc/cao ddng a thdnh phd Can Tha, Tap chi Khga hgc Truong Dai hgc CSn Tho.
[4] Abdullah Azhar, Annum Javaid, Mohsin Rehman, Asma Hyder, 2010. Entrepreneurial Intentions among Business Students in Pakistan, Journal of Business Systems, Governance and Ethics, Vol. 5, No.2.
[5] Ngo Quang Hiln (2019), Nghien am cdc nhdn td tdc ddng den quyet dinh khai su doanh nghiep cita cdc doanh nghiep tunhdn tren dia bdn thanh phd Cdn Tha, Luan van Thac SI Trudng Dai hgc Tay Do.
