KHOA HOC C 6 N 0 NGHE
DAIXIH GIA OAC DIEIVI P H A | \ I BO, DIEU KIEIXI SIIXIH THAI VA KHA IXIAIVG TAI SIIXIH TLT IXIHIEIXI CLIA LOAI HLIY^T oAlXIG LOIXIG {Butea superba R o x b . ) TAI LAM OOIXIG
Giang Thi 'nlanh^ Nguygn Thanh Nguy&iS Hoang Thi Ngpc Huong^
TOMTAT
Huy^t d^ng long {Butea superba Roxb.) diiffc ngiroi dan sic dung tir lau d^ chua nhidu loai b?nh nhir roi loan chirc nang gan, virus viSm gan, giiip cho tre ngu ngon, loi ti^u, diing lam nuoc khir trimg,... dac bi^t lam tang cuong sinh Iuc, cham lao hoa va khong gay doc cho nguoi su dung. K^t qua nghien cuu cho thay Huyet dang I6ng phan bo 6 do cao tir 280 m den 1.550 m so voi muc nuoc bien tai Lam Dong gom: thanh phd Da Lat, huyen Di Linh, huyen Dam Rong va huy^n Da Huoai. chu yeu 6 ki^u rimg IA rong thuong xanh, tren nen dat feralit nau do hoSc do vang, tang tham muc co dp day tir 2 - 5 cm, pH dat dao ddng tir 5,5 - 6,6, Hai nhan td sinh thai chinh anh huong den phan bd tu nhiSn cua loai la do cao so voi m$t nuoc biln va vi tri dia hinh, theo mo hinh tuong quan: Log (Mat do) = 0,922479 + l,38676*Log (Do cao) - 0,a35173*Log (Vi tri). Tai khu vuc phan bd Huyet dSng long, thanh phan loai cay bui, cay than thao va cay day leo da dang voi cac loai pho bien nhu: La bep, Ba chac, Phat du, Co la tre, Sa nhan, Cau chuot. Day cong chiia, Dua gai, Gimg l6ng, Kim cang. May dan, Hoang dang, Man cho. Quy^n ba, Rieng niii.... Huy^t dang 16ng tai sinh chil yeu bang chdi, chiem ti le 96,15% voi mat do tai sinh tu nhien trung binh 1,25 cay/ODB.
Tir khda: Huyet ding long, cay tiiudc, tai sinb, Lam Dong.
I.DATUANBE
Huy^t d^ng I6ng {Butea superba Roxb.) thugc hp dau (Fabaceae) la loai thao diroc day leo, sinh
•truong va phat tri^n a rimg thii sinh am dp miin cao, do pH tir 5,5 - 6,5. Khi tnrang thanh, cay ua sang va leo len tang tan cay rimg. Day la loai co phan bd rong ff cac nuoc An Do, Trung Qudc va mgt sd nuoc Ddng Nam A nhu: Campuchia, Myanma, Philippin, Thai Lan. Than va re huyet ding ldng co chua cac acid hiiu CO gdm cac thanh phan flavonoid va flavonoid glycoside, dupc su dung de lam thuoc chua cac benh rdi loan chiic nang gan, virus... Cac chat butein, butnn, isobutrin plastron, coreipsm va isocoreipsin (Ashish et al, 2012; Cherdshewasart, 2003;
Sreekumar etal.. 1998) co o trong hoa dugc su dung lam cham qua trinh lao hoa. Ngoai ra chiing duac su dung trong mgt sd bai thudc y hoc cd truyen a mpt so niroc nhu: O An dp, nguoi dan su dung vo sdc nuoc udng giiip cho tre ngu ngon, lpi tieu, dimg lam nuoc khu tning, dich la cimg vol siia ddng va cu nghe diing trong tnrong hop nong phat ban.
Vi0n Khoa hoc Lam nghiep Nam Trung bp va Tay Nguyen
" Trucmg Trung hoc ph6 thong Huynh Thiic Khang, xa Hoai Dtrc, huyen LJm Ha. tinh Lam Dong
Email: [email protected]
Campuchia dimg than la dS nau nuac tim trong trudng hop tri benh tri. O Myanma vo cay dugc dimg tri noc ran can va cac loai ngc dpc kh^c. Tai Thai Lan nguoi dan dia phuong su dung Huyet dang long nhir mpt bai thudc de phuc hoi sue khoe va tang cudng the Iuc.
Tai Viet Nam, Huyet dang ldng phan bo ttr nhien chii yeu a Tay Ninh va Lam Ddng. O thanh phd Ho Chi Minh cay dupc frong vdi sd lupng nho b Thao Cam Vidn. Ngudi dan sii dung than va la Huyet dang long trong cac bai thudc de giam dau, vo cay diing dl tri ia chay.
Hien nay tren the gidi ndi chung va 6' Vidt Nam ndi ridng, ngtrdi dan thirong khai thac Huydt dang long de lam thudc hoac budn ban,... Qua trinh khai thac mat kiem soat va su dung khdng hpp ly da lam cho sd lupng quan the Huyet dang long suy giam nghiem trgng. Viing phan bd bi thu hep do chuyin ddi muc dich sudung dat, ddt rung lam nuong ray,...
Dong thdi, bien ddi khi hau cung da va dang gay ra cac tac dpng khdng nho den tdn tai va phat triln aia loai, dan den nguon gen loai cay nay dang dting tnroc nguy CO bi de dpa can kiet trong tu nhi^n. Tuy nhi^n cho den nay, nhirng nghien cuu ve loai cay Huylt dang ldng d- trdn the gioi va trong nude chu ylu tap trung vao nghidn cuu duoc tinh. dupc chat. Cac
116 NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - KY 1 - THANG 5/2020
KHOA HOC CONG NGHE
nghien cihi chuydn sau ve dac dilm phan bd, dieu kifin sinh thai, dac dilm tai smh tu nhifin, nhan gidng va gay trong chua dugc quan tam. Do dd nghifin cuu chuyfin sau v l phan bd, sinh thai va tai sinh tu nhien loai Huyet dang long {Butea superba Roxb.) tai Lam Dong la rat can thilt d l gdp phdn phuc vu cho cdng tac nghien cihi, bao tdn va phat trien ngudn gen cua loai nay.
2 . VAT U ^ VA PHUONG PHIIP NGHIEN CUU 2.1. V&t lifiu nghifin ciiu
cac quan xa thuc vat cd phan bd tu nhien loai Huylt dang long.
cay Huyet dang long (cay tai sinh va cay trudng thanh) tai Lam Dong.
Dia dilm nghifin ciiu: 10 huyen, 2 thanh phd true thudc tinh Lam Dong.
2.2. Phuong phap nghidn ciiu 2.2.1. Phuong phap ke thua
Kl thira cac sd lifiu ve dieu kifin tu nhien, dieu kien khi hau, kinh te - xa hpi cua dia phuong nghifin ciiu, tai nguyen rimg, tai nguyen cay thudc o Lam Ddng.
Ke thira cac ket qua nghien cuu trong nird'C va nirdc ngoai co lidn quan den cay Huyet dang long o cac tai lieu, cac tap chi, ky ylu hpi thao,...
2.2.2. Phuongphap dieu tra. phong van Sii dung phuong phap danh gm nhanh co su tham gia ctia cdng dong (PRA - Participatory Rapid Appraisal). Cdng cu duoc sii dung la phdng van ban cau tnic (SSI - Semi Structured Interviews):
+ Cach thtic phong van: Phong van true tiep qua bang cau hoi, cd kem theo hinh anh mau ve loai cay Huylt dang long.
+ Ddi tuong phong van: Chuyen gia, can bp lam nghidp, kiem lam dia phuong, ban quan ly khu bao ton va ngudi dan dia phuong sdng gan rimg.
+ Ndi dung phong van: Ghi nhan dia diem cd su hidn dien ciia loai, tfin dia phuong ciia loai, tinh hinh khai thac, su dung va mice do bien dpng quan t h i Huylt dang ldng (bien ddng nhieu hay it) tai dia phuong.
Kit qua da thu thap thdng tin tir 70 phieu dieu tra tren 10 huyfin, 2 thanh phd h-ong tinh Lam Ddng.
Tren co sd k i t qua dieu tra, phdng van (thdng qua philu dieu tra va ghi nhan true tiep), xac dinh cac
NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - KY 1 - THANG 5/2020
tuyIn va khu virc dilu tra chinh cho loai cay Huylt dang ldng.
2.2.3. Phuongphap dlSu tra thuc dia Tren ca sd philu dilu tra phdng van, lap cac tuyen dieu tra loai Huylt dang ldng. Cd 4 tuyen dupc thiet k l va trien khai dieu ti-a nhu sau:
+ TuyIn Da Lat gdm 2 dia dilm: Cam Ly va TuyIn Lam.
+ Tuyen Diic Trpng - Di linh gdm 3 dia diem:
Lang Hanh QDiic Trpng), San Diln (Di Linh), Gia Bac (Dl Unh).
+ Tuyen Bao Ldc - Da Huoai gdm 4 dm dilm:
Deo Bao Ldc (Bao Lpc), Deo Chudi ^ a Huoai), tieu khu 576A ^ a HuoaO, xa Da Ton (Da Huoai).
+ Tuyen Lam Ha - Dam Rdng gdm 3 dja diem:
xa Tan Thanh (Lam Ha), xa Lifing S'Rdnh ff)am Rdng), xa Rd Men ff)am Rdng).
Thilt lap d tieu chuan (OTC): OTC dupc lap dira vao Vl tri cd phan bd tu nhien loai Huylt dang ldng, vdi dien tich d tifiu chuan 100 m^ (10 x 10 m) va sd lupng: 30 d, ti-ong do 9 OTC tai Deo Chudi, tilu khu 576A xa Da Tdn, tieu khu 597 xa Da P'loa (Da HuoaO; 6 OTC tai Cam Ly va Tuyen Lam GE>a Lat); 9 OTC tai xa Son Dien, xa Gia Bac (Di Lmh); 6 O T C tai xa Rd Men, xa Lifing S'Rdnh (Dam Rdng).
Tren cac OTC, tiiu thap cac chi tieu sinh thai:
Tpa do (VN2000), dd cao so vdi muc nude biln (dupc ma hda nhu sau: 500 -1000 m: 1, < 500 m: 2, > 1000 m: 3), do ddc (do), vi tri dia hinh (dupc ma hda nhu sau: Chan ddi, khe sudi: 1, sudn ddi: 2 va dinh ddi: 3), hudng phoi (dp bac), do tan che (%), loai dat, mau sac dat, do day tang tham muc (cm) va pH dat, dinh danh loai cay chu ylu, md ta v l cay bui, tham tuoi.
Dung cu su dimg: Tiii dimg mau polyetylen, keo cat canh, thudc day, may dinh vi GPS78, Sunto dp cao, may do pH bang tay.
Thilt lap cac d dang bang de dieu tra dac dilm tai sinh cua loai: Trong 30 OTC, lap 60 d dang bang (ODB) de dilu tra tai smh vdi difin tich d dang bang 4 m^ (2 m X 2 m). Sa do bd tn cac d dang bang trong OTC nhu sau:
KHOA HQC C 6 N G NGHfi Tren cac ODB, do dem cay Huyet dang long tai
sinh (cd chieu cao hoac chieu dai < 50 cm) theo cac chi tieu: Ngudn gdc (hi hat, tir choi), chieu dai (cm), ghi nhan muc dp khai thac cay Huyet dang long va ma hda nhu sau: Nhilu: 3; trung binh: 2; it: 1. Do d i m cac loai cay gd tai sinh (cd Di3< 6 cm): do chieu cao, ngudn gdc va xac dinh ten loai.
cac chi tifiu dieu tra dupc ghi vao bang dilu tra tai sinh da duac thiet ke sSn.
2.2.4. Phuang phap phan tich vaxuly sdheu xac dinh hd sd td thanh cac loai cay gd trong khu vuc nghien ciiu thdng qua chi sd IV% (Curtis va Mcintosh, 1951):
+ Chi sd IV tang cay cao duoc tinh theo cdng thiic:
nj: Mat dp ciia loai thii i.
G (mVha) = Zp:.i H;: Tdng tilt dien ngang t^
Dij cua cac loai trong lam phdn.
git Tiet dien ngang ciia loai thii i.
+ Chi sd IV cay tai smh dugc tinh theo cdng thtic:
F ( % ) --
I V C % ) = ^(5^)+Nt%) (2.2) Trong dd:
So 6 CO loai 3 m a t hien - —: =—; r—^; :—. , . X :
T o n g so o xuat h i e n cua t a t ca cac loai , ^ M a t d p cu<i l o a i a
I V ( 0 / 0 ) =
Trong do:
, F(%) =
G(%) =
So 6 CO loai a xuat hien Tong so 6 xuat hien ciia tat ci cic loii
M a t d p ciia l o a i a M a t d o ciia l a m p h a n
2 g cua ioai a (m^/ha) S G cua cac loai trong lam phan (m^ /ha) F: Tdn suat xuat hifin ciia loai tren tdng sd d dieu ti-a.
J, N (cay/ha) = J ^ - L J H J : Matdd lam phan
M a t d p c u a l a t n p b a n F: Tan suat xuat hien cua loai trdn tdng sd d dilu tira.
N (cay/ha) = H f s i " i '• ^^^ ^0 lam phan Hi: Mat do cua loai thii i.
Vdi chi sd IV > 396 diroc xem la loai ddng vai ttb quan trgng trong hinh thanh sinh thai rimg.
Cac sd lifiu duac tong hgp va phan tich trfin phdn mem Excel va Statgraphics Centurion XV.I.
3. KCTQUAN6HBIC1IUVA11U0LIIAN
3.1. D$c di^m phan h6 vk di^u ki^n sinh thSi ciia Huylt ding ldng
I
TT
1
2 Dia diem dieu tra Ba Huoai
Di Linh, Dam Rong
Do cao so voi mat nuoc bien (m) 286-445
854-905
Bang 1. Kha n t o g phSn bd ciia Huy^t d ^ 16ng Tong
so loai chinh
Ooai) 13
11
To thanh loai cay g6 a khu vuc dieu tra
9,35% Tram vo do + 9,08% De harman + 6,75% Chi& tam lang -i- 6,70% Sao den -i- 6,50% Soi bac -i- 6,02% Tram dep + 5,74% Bila polane + 5,36% Cheo long + 4,45% Xuong ga + 4,00% Que tren + 3,33% Nho noi * 3,16%
Dau dat + 3,08% Ngat f 26,49% loai khac (15 loai).
11,60% Kha thu nguyen -i- 10,61% Tram trang + 9,51% Ciy + 8,59% Cho xot -i- 6,02%
Com trau + 5,18% Rang rang * 5,09% Mit rimg + 4,28% Que ning + 4,22% Dung sang -^
3,26% Que tren * 3,02% Song ran -i- 28,63%
loai khac (13 loai)
Ty le Huyet dang long phan bo/to thanh loai trong khu vuc
dieu tra (%) 10,34%
16,67%
Ki&
rimg Huyft dang long
phanb6 Rimg la rong thuong
xanh
Rimg la rpng thirong
xanh
118 NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - KY 1 - THANG 5/2020
KHOA HOC CONG NGHl 3 Da Lat 1.497-
1.527
9 10,17% H6ng quang -i- 6,62% Gioi balansa -i- 6,13% Gioi chervalieri -i- 5,81% De xanh + 5,47% De trai nho -i- 4,99% Thich duoi + 3,79% Boi loi -i- 3,70% Dung lua •^ 3,62% De Nhim •^ 49,70% loai khac (29 loai khac)
12,71% Rimgia
rong thuong
xanh Phan tich ket qua dieu tra tai 10 huyen va 2
thanh phd trong tinh Lam Ddng, da xac dinh duoc khu vuc phan bd chinh cua loai cay nghien ciiu tren cac khu vuc tinh Lam Ddng gdm: thanh phd Da Lat (Cam Ly, hd Tuy^n Lam) dg cao tir 1497 - 1527 m;
huyfin Dam Rdng (xa Lifing S'Rdnh, xa Rd Men) dp cao 898 - 979 m; cao nguyen Di Linh gdm huyen Di Linh (xa Son Dien, xa Gia Bac) dp cao 768 - 888 m;
huyen Da Huoai (xa Da Ploa, Da Tdn, Deo Chudi) dp cao 286 - 368 m. O cac dai dp cao khac nhau thi thanh phan cay gd va cdng thiic to thanh loai noi cd Huyet dang long phan bd cung cd cd su thay ddi. Tuy nhien, dac diem chung cua cac quan xa trong khu vuc nghien cuu cd phan bd Huyet dang ldng la su hifin dien cua nhi^u loai cay dai dien cho kieu rung la rdng thudng xanh. Dac didm phan bd cua Huy^t dang long duac md ta d bang 1.
3.1.1. Cic nhin tdslnh thai anh hudng den phan bdtu nhiin cua loai Huydt ddng long tai Lam Ddng
Phan tich kdt qua dieu tra cho thay Huyet ddng long la loai cd phan bd rdng, trai dai tii dp cao 280 m
Bing 2. Md hinh quan h$ giiia m|lt dO Huy^t ddng ldng vdi cdc nhan td sinh tiiai cd tii^ quan trdc true ti^
t r t o hi^n trudng
(vung Da Huoai) dfin 1.550 m (viing Da Lat) so vdi muc nude bien, rai rac tren cac vi tri dia hinh khac nhau tir chan doi den dinh ddi, chu yeu trfin nfin dat feraht nau do hoac dd vang, day la loai dat dugc hinh thanh trong difiu kifin nhifit am cao va cd lap tham thuc vat day d mdi tnrdng dat cd pH trung tinh, pH dao ddng tir 5,5 - 6,6. Tang tham muc day tir 2 - 5 cm. Chu yeu phan bd d kieu rimg tu nhifin la rgng thudng xanh. Tai cac khu vuc nghifin ciiu cho thay mdt sd khu vuc cd su tac ddng ldn ciia yeu td nhan tac.
Su dung chiic nang xac dinh cac nhan td anh hudng trong Statgraphics, ket qua phan tich cho thay, 2 nhan td sinh thai chinh anh hudng den mat dp phan bd (Mat do) cua Huydt dang ldng la dp cao so vdi muc nude bien (Do cao) va vi tri dia hinh (Vi til) vdi R\dj cao nhat (70,3811) va chi tifiu Mallow's CP (1973) = 3,0
Kdt qua thiet lap md hinh quan he mat do phan bd loai Huyet dang long vdi cac nhan td sinh thai nhu dbang 2.
Mo hinh Log(Mat do) = 0,922479 *
l,3B676*Log(Do cao) - 0,835173*Log(Vi tri)
Voi h& so tuong quan R,j/
75,0256
Bien so Do cao Vitri
Sai so tuyet doi trung binh MAE
0,418828
Sig.(Pvalue) kiem tra theo tieu chuan
Wilcoxon 0,197 Ghi chu: MAE: Mean Absolute Error
Huydt dang long la cay ua am, nhu vay cang xudng khu vuc thap nhu chan doi hoac gan khe sudi thi mat do phan bd cua loai nay cang tang len. Tuy nhifin theo cac dai dp cao khac nhau thi Huyet dang long cd phan bd tap tiling chu yeu d dai cao ti> 500 - 1.000 m, d cac dai thap dudi 500 m va dai cao ti-fin 1.000 m thi mat dp phan bd cua loai giam.
3.1.2. Die didm tham thuc bikhu vuc phin bdtu nhien loai Huyet ding long
Trong cac quan xa cd xuat hi§n loai Huyet dang Idng da dieu tra, xac dinh cd khoang 21 loai cay bui
va 30 loai cay than thao, 10 loai cay day leo. Trong dd cac loai cay bui, cay than thao va cay day leo thtrdng gap trong cac qudn xa la Ioai: La bep {Gnetum gnemon), Ba chac {Euodla lepta), Phat du {Dracaena eUlptica), Cd la tre {Acroceas munroanum), Sa nhan {Aniomumvlhosum), Cau chudt (Plnanga banaensis), Day cdng chiia {Albizia attopeuensis), Dira gai {Pandanus multidrupaceus), Gimg ldng {Zingiber rufopUosum), Kmi cang {Smllax davidiana). May dan {Calamus tenuis), Hoang dang {Fibraurea tinctoria), Man chd {Knema saxatihs), Quyen ba {Selaginella doderbmu), Rieng mii {Catimblum bracteatuw),...
KHOA HOC C O M G NGHl
STT A 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 B 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
Bang 3. Danh muc thuc bi 6 cac q u ^ -xs cA Hny^t rtitip tA"r r Ten thdng thudng Ten khoa hoc
hanbd 1 Ho ttiuc vat
Cay bui Ba chac
Diia gai Huynh tinh ran La bep Ra cap ba Cau chudt Com ngudi Diia gai May dong nai Rang tifin toa Song, song rup Phat du Phat du la hep Cau chudt Diia gai Mua khdng cudng Phat du la hep Rang mdc due Rieng xiem May dan May tat
Euodla lepta
Pandanus multidrupaceus Calathea cf. clossoni Gnetum gnemon Licuala bracteata Plnanga banaensis Ardlsia conspersa Pandanus multidrupaceus Calamus dongnalensis Cyathea chinensis Myrialepls paradoxa Dracaena eUiptica Dracaena angustifolia Plnanga banaensis Pandanus multidrupaceus Pseadodlssochaeta subsessihs Dracaena angustifoha Pteridrys syrmatica Alpinia siamensls
Calamus tenuis Calamus tetradactylus
Rutaceae Pandaceae Marantaceae Gnetaceae Arecaceae Arecaceae Myrsinaceae Pandaceae Arecaceae Cyatheaceae Arecaceae Agaveaceae Agaveaceae Arecaceae Pandaceae Melastomataceae Agavaceae Pryopteridaceae Zingiberaceae Aceraceae Arecaceae cay than thao
Cau tich Chan xi cao Chiiy hoa to Co cdc manh Cd la tre Gtmg ldng Huong bai Quyen ba Rang song quan Rieng mii Sa nhan Cd la tre Cdi bac Gimg gid Gimg ldng Gimg mdt la
Cibotium baromet f^erissp.
Stiobllanthes gigantodes Curculigo gracilis Acroceas munroanum Zingiber rufopUosum Dianella nemorosa Selaginella doderblnu Diplazlum bantamensls Catimbium bracteatum Amomum villosum Acroceas munroanum Scleria levis Zingiber zemmbet Zingiber rufopUosum Zingiber monophyllum
Thyrsopteridaceae Adianthaceae Acanthaceae Amarylhdaceae Poaceae Zingiberaceae Lihaceae Selaginellaceae Ascleniaceae Zingiberaceae Zingiberaceae Poaceae Cyperaceae Zingiberaceae Zingiberaceae Zingiberaceae
120 NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - KY 1 - THANG 5/2020
KHOA HOC CONG NGHE
17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 C 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Kfi mii Lac diia Ldba Ridng mii Sa nhan Xabi Condc Dong de nhd Miadd Mdng toi mii Quy^n ba Thien nien kifin Xabi Kietlpp
Panicum notatum Mapania kurzh Globba pendula Catimbium bracteatum Amomum villosum
Ophlopogon pellosanthoides Curcuhgo disticha Stachyphrynium muius Costus speciosus Pentaphragma honbaensis Selaginella tiachyphyUa Homalonema occulta Ophlopogon pellosanthoides Carex stramentitia
Poaceae Cyperaceae Zingiberaceae Zingiberaceae Zingiberaceae Hemedoraceae Amaryllidaceae Marantaceae Zingiberaceae Pentaphragmaceae Selaginellaceae Araceae Hemedoraceae Cyperaceae Cay day leo
Tmng quan Bd qua hoa to Day luan tdn Day sdt Kim cang thon May manh Tii thu day dep Day nim Tieu rimg Tir mii
Ancistrocladus waUlchii Uvaria grandiHora Stauntonia Cavaleriana Gnetum leptostachyum Smilax lanceifoha Calamus tenuis Tetrastigna lancealarium Rourea mimosoides Piper sp.
Dioscorea arachnida
Ancistrocladaceae Annonaceae Lardizabaceae Gnetaceae Smilacaceae Arecaceae Vitaceae Comaraceae Piperaceae Dioscoreaceae Tang cay bui, cay than thao va cay day leo
ddng vai trd quan trpng cho su phat trien cua Huydt dang ldng, dac bifit la trong qua ti-inh tai sinh, tao moi hudng cd nhifit dp, do am, anh sang,... thuan lgi cho cay tai smh ciing nhu lam gia the bam cho cay ti-ong giai doan dau sinh trudng.
3.2. Dac di^m tai sinh tu nhifin cua loai Huy^t dang ldng
Hinh thiic tai sinh, mat dd tai sinh cua loai Huyet dang long va cau tnic td thanh cay gd tai sinh khu vuc phan bd cua loai nay duac the hien d bang 4.
B ^ g 4. Dac di^m tai sinh loai Dia
diem nghidn
ciiu Da Huoai
Di Linh, Dam R6ng
Tong s6 cay tai smh
16
19
Matdd trung binh cay/ODB
1,07
0,63
Huy^tdfaiglSng Hinh thiic tai
sinh Choi
93,75%
94,70%
Hat
6,25%
5,30%
va to thanh cay g6 tAi sinh khu vuc phan bd Huy^t dang 16ng To thanh cay gh tai sinh khu vuc phan bo
Huyet dang long
15,68% Mau cho + 7,94% Tram vo do + 6,52% Ngat -i- 5,40%
Soc tron -i 5,35% Sao den + 5,30% Gpi -i 5,25% Cuong vang -i- 5,20% Cheo long -i- 3,87% Soi bac -i 3,87% Chiec tam lang -i- 3,87% Che hoa do + 31,78% loai khac (12 loai khac) 7,27% Tram trang + 6,03% Xoan dao * 5,55% Boi loi thon -i- 4,69% Dung sang + 4,60% Mau cho la nho -i- 4,60% Xang trang -I- 4,30% Ba soi + 3,83% Tram la to + 3,44% Buoi bung -i- 55,70%
loai khac (37 loai khac)
KHOA HQC C O N G N G H £
Da Lat
Tdng 40
75 2,67
1,25 100%
96,15%
0%
3,85%
5,74% Cong da -i- 5,62% Ngai long -i- 5,27% Que cuong dai -i- 4,79% Cong trang -i- 4,79% Tram trang -i- 3.71% Che rimg -i- 3,24% Bach timg -i- 3,24% Chon tra * 3,24% De trai nho + 3,24% De trai nho -f 3,24% Gioi balansa * 3,24% Gioi oUver + 3,24% Goi 3,24% Xii huong balan sa -i- 43,72 loai khac (29 M khac)
Huyet dang ldng cd hinh thiic tai sinh chu yeu bang chdi chiem ti lfi binh quan 96,15%. Mat dp tai suih tu nhien trung binh 1,25 cay/ODB. Trong dd cao nhat la d Da Lat vdi mat dd tai sinh tu nhien la 2,67 cay/ODB. Dieu nay cd the duac giai thich la do tai Da Lat, Huyet dang long hi tac ddng cao hon tai cac khu vuc khac. Yeu td nhan tac da tao dieu kien thiic day su tai sinh. Cay con hinh thanh tir phan rfi hoac phan than n g k n dudi mat dat, cd the bat g^p each cay me tir 5 - 10 m. Ket nghifin ciiu nay cho th^y nhan gidng Huyet dang ldng bang phuong phap giam hom cd the cho hidu qua cao.
Tdng hgp sd lieu tii 60 O D B , da thdng ke dupc t6ng sd 338 cay tai sinh vdi 106 loai. Trong do loai Huy^t dang ldng tai sinh cd 75 cay, chi^m ti lfi 20,7%
trong cac ODB dieu tra. Tai huyfin Da Huoai cd khoang 23 loai caygd tai sinh, trong do cd 11 loai cay cd chi so IV% > 3%. Su hien dien ciia loai Man chd chiem ti lfi cao nhat (IV% = 15,68%). NhOng loai cd tan suat bat gap ldn (>5%) cd 7 loai gdm: Mau chd.
Tram vd dd, Ngat, Sdc ti-dn, Sao den, Cudng vang, Ch?o ldng. Tai huyen Di Linh va Dam Rdng cd khoang 46 loai cay gd tai sinh, trong dd cd 9 loai cay cd chi sd IV% > 3%. Rifing loai Tram trang cho ti le cao nhat (IV% = 7,27%). Nhiing Ioai cd tan suat bat gap ldn (>5%) cd 3 loai gdm: Tram trang, Xoan dao, Bdi ldi thon. Trong khi dd tai thanh phd Da Lat cd khoang 43 loai cay gd tai sinh, ti-ong dd cd 14 loai cay cd chi sd IV% > 3%. Su xuat hien ciia loai Cdng da cho ti lfi cao nhat (IV% = 5,74%). Hau het cac loM chinh ddng gdp vao cau tnic td thanh cd tan suat bat gap kha tuong duong nhau.
4. KET LUAN
Tai Lam Ddng, Huydt dang ldng phan bd d do cao tir 280 m den 1.550 m so vdi muc nude bien, d kieu rimg la rdng thudng xanh, chii yeu tren nen dat feralit nau dd hoac do vang, tdng tham muc cd do day til 2 - 5 cm, pH dat dao ddng tii 5,5 - 6.6. Hai nhan td sinh thai chinh anh hudng dfin phan bd tu nhifin cua loai la do cao so vdi mat nude bien va vi tri dia hinh.
tiieo md hmh tiiong quan: Log(Mat do) = 0,922479 -t l,38676*Log(Do cao) - 0,835173*Log(Vi tii). T ^ khu vuc phan bd Huyet dang ldng thudng xuat hien cac loai cay bui, cay than thao va cay day leo phd bien nhu: La bep, Ba chac, Phat du, Cd la b-e, Sa nhan, Cau chudt. Day cdng chiia, Diia gai, Gimg ldng, Kim cang, May dan, Hoang dang, Mau chd, Quyen ba, Ridng mii,...Huyet dang ldng tai sinh chu yeu bang chdi, chiem ti le 96,15% vdi mat dd tai sinh tu nhifin hung binh 1,25 cay/ODB.
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122 NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - KY 1 - THANG 5/2020
KHOA HOC C 6 N G NGHE
ti-eatment for erectile dysfunction. Asian Joumal of 9. Pijush K., Amal K (2012). Biodiversity and Andrology, 5:243-246. conservation of dyeyielding plants for justification of its in the local areas of lateritic zone of West Bengal, India. Advances in Bioresearch, 1:43-53.
DISTRffiimON, ECOLOGICAL AND NATURAL REGENERATION CHARACTERISTICS OF Butea superba Roxb. IN LAM DONG PROVINCE
Giang Thi Thanh, Nguyen Thanh Nguyen, Hoang Thi Ngoc Huong Sununary
Butea superba has been used for a long time to treat many diseases, such as liver dysfunction, hepatitis virus, to help children sleep well, diuretic, antiseptic water, etc., especially to increase vitality, slow the aging process and non-toxic to users. The results of the study show that the Butea superba disUibute manure in tiie forest in Lam Dong province, including: Da Lat, Di Linh, Dam Rong and Da Huoai district from 280 m to 1,550 m above the sea level, Butea superba grow mainly on evergreen broad-leaved forests, on ferrallite that has the thickness of leaf litter layer from 2 cm to 5 cm and soil pH flexibility from 5.5 to 6.6.
There are two maui ecological factors affecting the distribution density of this species, including elevabon above sea level and topographic position, according to the correlation model: Log (Mat do) = 0.922479 + 1.38676 * Log (Do cao) - 0.835173 * Log (Vi tri). hi the area of distribution of Butea superba, composition of shrubs, herbaceous plants and vines are very diverse with common species such as Gnetum gnemon.
Euodia lepta, Dracaena eUiptica, Acroceas munroanum, AmomumviUosum, fhnanga banaensis, Albizia attopeuensis, Pandanus multidrupaceus. Zingiber rufopUosum, Smilax davidiana. Calamus tenuis, Fibraurea tinctoria, Knema saxatilis, Selaginella doderbinii. Catimbium bracteatum,... The main method regeneration of Butea superba is by shoots, accounting for 96.15% with an average natural regeneration density of 1.25 trees per secondary sample plot.
Keywords: Butea superba. herb plant, regeneration, lam Dong.
Ngudi p h ^ bi$n: TS. Luong Thi Hoan Ngay nhan bai: 6/3/2020
Ngay thdng qua p h ^ bi^n; 7/4/2020 Ng^yduy^tdSng; 14/4/2020
