TAC DOIMG CUA XAIVI IMHAP IVIAIV DEIV HIEU QUA KIIMH TE CUA CAC IVIO HilMH CAMH T A C
TAI HUYEIM AIM BIEIVI, TIIXIH KIEIXI GIAIXIG
U van DungS Nguyen Ho U Hu^hS Vo Thi Guong^
T(;)MTAT
Nghien ciru dupe thuc hien tai thi tran Thii Ba va xa Nam Tbai A, huyen An Bi^n, tinh Kien Giang nhdm phan tich bieu qua kinh te va cac yeu td anh huong den cac mo hinh canh tac. Tir do de xuat cac giai phap nang cao hieu qua kinh te, tang thu nhap cbo nong dan viing bi xam nhap man. K^'t qua phan tich hieu qua kinh t^ cho thay mo binh tom - cua -mau dat loi nhuan cao nbat, ke d^n la mo hinh chuydn torn va tom - lua va cudi cimg la hai vu lua. Phan tich boi quy da bien cho thay bdn yeu to la chi phi san xuat, dien tich canh tac, nang suat va trinh do kien thiic nong nghiep ddu anh huong d^n thu nhap cua nguoi dan voi he sd R- tir 0,54 den 0,86. Trong do, trinh do kien tbiic co the la yeu td quan trong vi yeu td nay tac dong den cbi phi san xuat va nang suat, anh huong den thu nhgp ciia nguoi dan. Phan tich SWOT cho thay tac dong cua xkm nb^p man co nhung kho khan thach tbiic, nhung xam nhap man co tac dong tich cue trong chuydn doi m6 hinh canh tac dat hieu qua kmh te cao so voi mo binh canh tac truyfin thong hai vu lua. Hieu qua nay cang cao neu co duoc chien luoc phat tnen, chinh sach va giai phap h6 tra, thich nghi.
Tir kh6a: He thdng canh tac, bieu qua hnh td, xam nhap man, loi nhuan.
1 . GIOI THIEU
Viet Nam Id mpt trong nhiing qudc gia hi anh hudng nang khi nude bien dang do tae dpng cua bien ddi khi hau (BDKH). Du bao khodng 4,4% lanh tiid hi nhan chim trong nuoc khi mue nude bien dang eao 1 m voi nbiet do trung binh tang len 3''C vdo nam 2100, trong dd ddng bdng song Ciru Long (DBSCL), vua Ilia lon nhat eua ea nuoe, ehiu thiet hai trdm trpng nhat [7]. Nghien ciiu ve du bdo dnh hudng cua bien ddi khi hau den luu vuc song Cuu Long cho thay tac dgng chmh eua bidn ddi khi hau d khu vue nay la nbiet dp cao hon, su bde thoat hoi nude gia tang, kho ban vdi eudng do eao, keo ddi va nhdt Id xam nhap man. Ket qua du bao qua mo hinh khi hau theo vimg, den nam 2030 nhiet do ti-ung binh tang den 37^C ti-en nhieu vimg o DBSCL voi thdi gian ndng keo ddi hon 2 tiidng so vdi tiirdc. Nhiet do eao nbat ti-ong ngay cd tiie len den 41"C, lugng mua hang nam gidm 10 - 20%
[3]. Van de xay dung nhieu dap nude va hd chiia nuoc d viing thuong ngudn, thidu nuoc nggt vimg ven bien, nude ngdm bi su dung lugng ldn dua ddn gay sut lun dat. Cung vdi muc nude bien dang, ddt hi ngap ung, man hoa, thieu nude ngot la van de dang phai ddi mat a ckc viing ddng bdng ven bien ti-en tiid gidi, ti-ong dd DBSCL la mpt trong ba ddng bdng cd nguy CO thiet hai rat cao [2], [II. Nghien ciiu so sdnh
Trucmg Dai hpc Can Tho
" Truong Dai hoc Tay Do
ba vimg dong bang hen thd gidi eho thay vimg DBSCL chiu tac dpng cua BDKH, xam nhap man gay tdn thuong vd sinh thdi, moi truong manh hon so vdi tdn thuong vd mat xa hoi [6]. Tai cdc huyen ven bien tinb Kien Giang, nude man xam nhap sau vao dat hen, xuat hien sdm, keo ddi va dP man cao gay thieu nude ngot phuc vu sdn xudt nong nghiep, tac dong bat Igi den ddi sdng sinh hoat ciia ngudi dan. Trong vu dong xuan 2015-2016 xam nhap man tai cdc huydn ven bien gay thiet hai khoang 30.000 ha lua, nong dan phai chuydn dot mo hinh (MH) canh tae. Nghien ciiu eac MH eanh tdc phii hpp vdi cac vimg man, viing Ig la van dd edn thiet de khuyen cdo giup nong dan sdng trong viing ven bien cd the thich nghi vdi sir thay doi ve moi trudng dat, nude do tac dong cua xam nhap man [10], [5]. Do dd, de tai dugc thue hidn nhdm mue tieu phan tich hieu qua kmh te va cdc ydu td anh hudng den cdc MH canh tae ddng thdi, de xuat mpt sd gidi phap nang eao hieu qua kinh td cua MH canh tac d- vimg dat bi xam nhap man tai vimg nghien ciiu.
2 . PHUDNB PHAP NGHIEN CUU
Khu vue nghien eiiu dupe chpn tai huyen An Bien, huydn ven bien ndm trong vimg U Minh Thuong, trong do thi trdn Thii Ba va xa Nam Thdi A dugc chon lam dia ban nghien cim, day la hai xa/thi han chiu dnh hudng true tiep cua xam nhap man.
Theo y kien cua ede ehuyen gia va ngudi dan dia phuong thi noi day ed ede he thdng canh tde da dang.
267
KHOA HOC CONG NGHE dac tnmg cho hai Heu vung sinh thai man, to dap ting
yeu cau nghien ciiu cua de tai. Bdn mo hinh (MH) chinh trong co cau san xuat nong nghiep cua huyen la: MH hai vu liia, torn - lua, chuyen torn va torn - cua - mau. Khao sat duoc thuc hien tren 30 ho cho mSi MH, tong so la 120 ho hen hai xa/thi tran. So lieu thii cap duoc thu thap tir cac bao cao ciia So Nong nghiep & PTNT, So Tai nguyen va Moi huong, Chi cue Thuy loi, Trung tam Khi hrong Thuy van tinh Kien Giang, Phong Nong nghiep & PTNT, Phong Tai nguyen va Moi truong huyen An Bien, Men giam Thong ke tinh Kien Giang.
PHANTICH SWOT
(S) DIEM MANH
(W)DIEM YEU
(0) CO HOI
S + 0 : K e t h g p thd manh de tan dung eo hpi
W + 0:Tan dung CO hpi de khac phuc diem yen
CDTHACH THUC S + T; Sir dung diem manh de vupt qua thach thiic W + T: Can khde phuc mat yeu kem vd tim ra gidi phap de vupt qua thdeh thirc Danh gia hieu qua cdc MH thong qua ede ehi heu sau:
Tdng chi phi: Chi phi tidn mat nhu chi phi vat tu, nhien Ueu, gidng.
- Thu nhap = San luong x don gid.
- Lai rdng = Thu rthap - chi phi (khong bao gdm ehi phi lao dpng nhd).
- Lai cd lao ddng nhd = Thu nhap - Tdng chi phi (bao gdm ehi phi lao dgng nhd).
- Hieu qua vdn = Lai rong/chi phi tien mat.
Sir dung phuong phap hdi quy da bien (Multiple Regression Analysis) de xac dinh ede yeu td anh hudng den thu nhap eua ede MH canh tae. Phuong trinh hdi qui tirong quan c6 dang: Y = a + bjLnxi -i- bgLiiXj -H ... -I- b.Lnx,. He sd R^ duge ddnh gid Id ty le bien dpng cua bien phu tbupc (Y) duoc giai thich boi cac bien doe lap (x,).
Phuong phap phan tieh ma han SWOT dugc su dung de danh gid diem manh, diem yeu, co hoi, thach thiic, lam eo sd eho viee de xuat eac chien lupe gdp phdn phdt trien cdc mo hinh canh tde, nang cao hieu qua kmh te trong viing nghien euu.
3 . KET QUA NGirai CUU VA T1U0 LUJiN
3.1. Hi^u qua kinh t^ ciia cdc m6 hinh canh tdc 3.1.1. Mdhinh hai vu lua va chuyen tdm B a n g l . Hieu qud kmh ^ ciia MH hai vuhia
vd chuyfin tdm
(Don VI tinh: Trieu ddng/ha) Hang muc
Dien tich (ha) Kmh nghiem hong (nam)
Nang suat Ilia (T/ha), tom (kg/ha) Gia ban*
Tong thu MH Tong chi MH Loi nhuan MH Hieu qua dong von
Hai vu Ilia 0,51 ±0,04
15 9,3 4,8 44,90 ±1,21 24,39 ±1,11 20,52 +1,95
0,84
Chuyen torn 0,8+0,06
5 315,81
0,18 56,83 ±3,14 13,87 ±4,30 42,95 ±3,13
3,09
*Ghi chu: Gia ban Ida 4,8 ti ddng/tan Ida; gia ban tdm 180.000 d/kg.
MH canh tac hai vu lua ehu yen dupe nhdm h6 tnmg binh, hg nghdo thuc hien, thudng dp dtmg theo phuong thiic lua cdy va lua sa. Tiiy theo dia hinh, miic dp xam nhap man khde nhau bat ddu vao vu lue ddu mua mua khoang thang 4 - 6 vd ket thue vao khoang thdng 11. Ket qua khao sat cho thay MH ndy cd nang suat lua thap, chi dat binh quan 9,3 T/ha/nam. Lgi nhuan binh quan eua MH chi dat 20,5 trieu ddng/ha (Bang 1). Ket qua nay thap hon so vdi MH hai vu liia d cac huyen ven bien tinh Bdn Tre, lgi nhuan dat 25,7 tiieu den 30,9 ti-ieu ddng/ha [8], [9].
Ddi voi MH chuyen tom quang eanh cdi tidn, MH nay rat phd bien, thuoc nhom hg kha/giau, chiem ty le cao hon ede ho ap dung MH canh tac khac. Kdt qua d bang 1 cho thdy nang suat tom dat tnmg binh 315 kg/ha, so vcri MH chuyen tom ap dung tdt ky thuat canh tde, nang suat t6m su dat 585 kg/ha tai huyen Thanh Phu, Bdn Tre [5]. Do dd bien phdp ky thuat tien tien cdn dupe phd bidn va ap dimg nhdm giup tang nang suat vd tang thu nhap eho nong dan trong viing nghien ciiu. Nong hp su dung lao dpng nha, chi phi dau tu chu yeu cho viee mua eon gidng va thicc an. Lpi nhuan cua MH dat khoang 42 trieu ddng/ha. Hieu qua chi phi ddu tu eao, ti sd B/C dat khoang 3,09.
NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - KY 1+2 - THANG 2/2019
3.1.2. Md hinh tdm - lua
Md hinh tdm - lua rat phd bidn d' vimg nghien ciiu, hong khu vuc bi nhidm man hong miia kho.
Liia dugc trdng trong miia mua, tom sii hong miia kho hdn ruPng lua. Nang sudt tdm dat binh quan 254 kg/ha. Lpi nhuan binh quan eua cac hp khao sdt dat 50 trieu ddng/nam (Bang 2). Ket qua nay eao hon so vdi MH tdm- lua cua cac ho nong dan tai Thanh Phu, Bdn Tre chi dat khoang 43 triSu ddng/nam. Tuy nhien, neu ap dung tdt ky thuat trdng lua va nuoi torn tien tien, nang suat tdm su dat 400 kg/ha, lgi nhuan dat 65 trieu ddng/ha, neu cd nuoi them tdm cdng xanh hong ruong lua, lpi nhudn dat 80 trieu ddng/ha [5]. MH torn - Ilia hien dang phdt trien nhanh, MH cd tinh dae thii cua vimg bi ngap man theo miia. Cai thien ky thuat trdng lua va ky thuat nuoi tom tdt giup tang nang sudt vd cho lgi nhuan cao hon, day la van de cdn dupe khuyen cdo den ede nong hg trong didu kien dat bi xam nhap man. Mat khde, edn ehu y van de gidng liia chiu man nhu cac gidng liia miia dia phuong, chang ban nhu gidng lua M6t Bui Dd cd kha nang chiu man o nguong 5%o de cd the thich iing vdi cuong dp xam nhap man eao vd thieu nude tudi nhu hien nay.
3.1.3. Md hinh tdm - cua - mau
Bdng 2. Hi§u qua kinh t^ cua MH tdm - liia (Dan vi tinh: Trieu ddng/ha)
Hang muc Dien tich tom - Ilia Kinh nghiem trong Nang suat torn Gia ban torn T6ng thu -Tong thu tu Ilia - T6ng thu tir torn Tong chi MH torn - liia - Tong chi tir liia - Tong chi tu torn Loi nhuan MH tom - liia - Loi nhuan tir liia - Loi nhuan tir torn Hi6u qua d6ng von
Donvi tinh
Ha Nam Kg/ha D/kg D/ha
D/ha
D/ha Gia tri trung binh 0,61 12 254,2
0,17 67,5 25,2 42,3 16,9 7,04?
9,91 50,4 18,1 32,3 2,9
Bo Ifech chuan
±0,19
±9,23
+1,45
+8,93
Ket qua khao sdt eho thay eac hg dp dung MH nay cd lpi nhuan eao nhat, dat khoang 55 tirieu dong/ha. So sanh vdi MH tdm - eua - mau (chu yeu Id cay hdnh la) tai huyen An Minh, Kien Giang cho thay nang suat cua MH nay dat tiiap hon, tuy nhien
do chi phi thap hon ndn lgi nhuan dat tuong duong [4]. Nhu vay, neu ky thuat nuoi tdm, eua, ky thuat canh tac rau mau dugc cai ti^n, thii nghiem da dang cay mdu, chpn cay mdu cd gid tri kinh te cao hon thi cd thd giup tang thu nhap cua MH.
Bang 3. Hieu qua kmh t^ ctia MH tdm - cua - mdu (Don vi tinh: Trieu ddng/ha)
Hang muc Dien tich (ha) Kinh nghiem nuoi (nam) Nang suat tom (kg/ha) Nang suat cua (kg/ha) Nang suat mau (T/ha) Tong thu MH Tong chi MH Loi nhuSn MH Hieu qua dong v6n
Gia tri trung binh
0,7± 0,18 8 320,21 110,02 1,8 76,56 + 8,40 20,71+0,89 55,34 + 8,49
3,09 3.1.4. So sanh hieu qua kmh te cua cae MH canh tac
Bang 4 cho thay Igi nhuan eua MH torn - eua - mau Id cao nhdt. Tiep den MH tPm-liia, MH chuyen torn, MH hai vu lua cd loi nhuan thdp nhat voi chi phi ddu tu cao nhdt. Hieu qua vdn ddu tu eua cac MH chuyen tom, tom - liia, t6m - cua - mdu cao hon MH hai vu lua.
Trong thuc te, de thich nghi voi didu kien tu nhien, ede vimg dat bi xam nhap man ven bidn vdi co cau san xudt MH torn - lua dupe xem Id thich hgp eho vimg ddt man tiieo miia, dugc ddnh gid Id cd hieu qua kmh te khd tdt vd bdn vting [11]. Tuy nhien, yen td gop phdn dua den nang suat tom nuoi ehua cao la do ky thuat quan ly chua phii hgp; thiet ke ao, eai tao dat chua dat yeu cau nuoi torn. Ben canh nhung khd khan dua den that bai ti-ong viee nuoi tom nhu gidng kem chat lupng, ky thuat nuoi chua hgp ly, 6 nhiim moi tnrdng phat sinh dich benh,... thi cac trd ngai ve dat cua cdc ao tom chua dugc quan tam cai thien, nhu ngheo dinh duong, ham lupng HaS eao. Dac diem mPi hudng dat, nude va mdi quan he cua cae yeu td nay trong he thdng canh tde liia-tom, chuyfen torn la CO sd khoa hpc de ddnh gid tinh chat bat lgi eua cdc MH chuyen tom, tom - lua hong ehuyen doi sdn xuat hen viing dat man d cdc vimg ven bidn, nghien ciiu eu the tai tinh Cd Mau [12]. MH luan eanh torn- eua - mau hay tom - lua hay ehuyen torn ddu phil hpp trong m6i trudng bi xam nhap man [4].
Ben eanh dd, thi hudng gia ban tdm dn dinh va ehi
269
KHOA HOC CONG NGHE
phi dau tu thap hon so vdi eanh tae hai vu lua. Chi phi ehu yeu Id thue mdy gat, thue xe chuyen chd, phi trong liia cao nhdt so vdi 3 MH ed nuoi tom, chi phan bon, thudc bao ve thuc vat, gidng liia.
Bang 4. So sanh hi^u qua kmh td ciia ede MH eanh tdc
(Don vi tinh: Trieu ddng/ha) Hang muc
Tong thu Tong chi Loi nhuan Hieu qua dong von
MH chuyen torn
56,83 13,87 42,95 3,09
MH tom-liia
67,53 16,9 50,5 2,9
MH hai Ilia
44,95 24,37 20,58 0,84
Mo hinh tom- cua-mau
76,56 20,71 55,34 3,09 3.2. Cdc y^u td anh huong ddn thu nMp cua md
hinh canh tac
Phan tich hdi quy da bien vdi bdn thong sd (X) duoc dua vdo cd the cd lien quan ddn thu nhap (Y) eua timg mo hinh.
Y: Thu nhap; Cac bien: XI: Trinh dp kien thiic sdn xuat; X2: Dien tieh dat canh tde; X3: Chi phi san xudt; X4: Nang suaL
Md hinh tdm - eua - mau
Y = 2,396 + 0,11X1+ 0,334X2 + 1,06X3 + 0,26X4 R2 = 0,86
Phuong trinh tuong quan R^ cho thay cd 86% thu nhap ciia nong dan bi anh hudng bdi cdc yen td quan trpng nhat la chi phi san xudt, dien tieh canh tac, nang suat vd trinh do kien thire san xuat
Md hinh tdm - Ma
Phan tieh MH cho tiiay ed 80% anh huong den thu nhap eua nong dan bdi ede yeu td theo thii tu tdm quan hgng Id: nang suat, chi phi sdn xudt, ddn trinh do kieh thiic nong nghiep va cudi cimg Id dien tich canh tde.
Y - 2,681 + 0,338 XI + 0,078 X2 + 0,899 X3 + 0,959 X4 R^ - 0,80
Md hinh chuydn tdm
Tuong tir, ed 76% thay ddi thu nhap eua nong dan canh tac MH ndy bi anh hudng bdi cdc ydu to:
nang suat, chi phi san xudt, dien tieh canh tdc vd trinh dp kien thiic nong nghiep. Cdn lai 33,2% Id cac yeu td khac ehua duoe dua vao.
Y = -0,889 + 0,101 X1+ 0,273 X2 -H 0,665 X3 + 0,762X4 R^ - 0,76
Mo hinh hai vu liia
Ddi vcn MH ndy ede yeu to giai thich 54% anh hudng den thu nhap cua nong dan canh tac. Theo thu tu tdm quan trpng Id ehi phi sdn xudt, dien tich canh tde, den nang sudt vd cudi ciing la trinh do kidn thiie nong nghiep.
Y= 4,161 + 0,059 XI + 0,124 X2 + 0,627 X3 -^ 0,111 X4 R^ = 0,54
Mpt cdch tdng qudt, phan tich hdi quy da bien cho thay bdn yen td la: chi phi sdn xuat, dien tich canh tde, nang sudt va trmh dp kien thiie nong nghiep ddu anh hudng den thu nhap cua ngudi dan, anh hudng manh nhat d MH luan eanh torn- cua - mau voi he sd R- la 0,86 vd thdp nhat Id MH hai vu lua voi 54% thay ddi thu nhap ciia nong dan bi anh hudng boi cac yeu td nay. Trong d6, d cac MH trinh do kidn thirc nong nghiep la yeu to anh hudng den chi phi tien mat va tde dgng den nang sudt cua MH canh tac.
3.3. Phan tich SWOT Bang 5. Phan tich SWOT o cac MH canh tdc vimg nghien euu Diem manh
- Ngudn lire lao dpng tdt, eo kmh nghiem san xuat - Cd chinh sach, quy hoach tieu viing san xudt.
- Khoa hgc ky tiiuat duoe ehuyen giao
Didm yen
- Thieu vdn, chua ap dung tdt ky thuat va Uen ket ti-ong san xuat.
- Phu thuoc vdo tiJ nhien, nude ti-di.
- Giao tiiong, co so- ha tdng ehua hodn chinh.
- Chat luong gidng ehua dam bao.
n;^jtiV^pnb_nabiep ddu tu. tim dau ra tieu tiiu san pham.
Co boi
- Cd nhieu chinh sach hd trg ddu tij de eai thien sinh ke.
- Moi trudng ddt, nuoe thich hgp voi MH canh tac man va Ig.
Cd td chiic tap huan ky thuat, hd trg vay vdn.
Thach tinic
- Thdi tiet that thudng, han ban, ndng ndng keo dai XNM mang lai nhidu bat lpi cho ddi sdng.
- Chat lupng con gidng chua dugc kiem soaL - Ddu ra ehua on dinh, thieu td chiic he thdng phan phdi, thieu thi ti-u6ng heu thu.
NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - KY 1+2 - THANG 2/2019
Thuan lgi, khd khan, co hoi vd thach thiic dugc binh bay d- bang 5, Id eo sd eho viec de xuat cac chien luge vd giai phdp. Cae phan tich nay khdng dinh k^t qua nghien eiiu trude day eua Le Van Dung va ctv. (2017), tai huyen An Minh, tinh Kien Giang.
3.4. Cdc chi^n lirgc va giai phdp nang cao hieu qud kinh t^
3.4.1. Cac chien lupc ket hpp
3.4.1.1. Chien lupc diu tu vdn va khoa hpe ky thuat
- Hd trg nong dan ve vdn vay, md' rong va da dang hda sdn xuat voi hinh thiic luan eanh, xen canh va da canh. Ddu tu vdn vdo san xudt MH co trien vong viing Ig va man de phat huy thd manh sdn cd nhdm cai thien va nang cao ddi sdng, thich iing voi didu kien XNM.
- Tang cuong hen ket vdi ede vien, trudng, md rgng mang ludi khuyen nong - khuyen ngu de chuyen giao, img dung khoa hge ky thuat mdi eho nong hp. Phd bidn nhimg MH canh tae dat hieu qua kinh te cao.
- Tang eudng kiem ha, thanh ha chat lupng con gidng.
- Khuyen cdo nong dan sir dung eon gidng ed nguon gdc, xudt xii ro rang, ed kiem dich. Cd chinh sdeh hd tro vdn eho ede co sd' sdn xuat gidng dia phuong, ddm bao cung cap giong chat lupng cho ngudi dan hong viing.
3.4.1.2 Chien lupc xay dung CO so ha tang Ddu tu xay dung eo so- ha tdng giao thong, nang cap he thdng thuy lgi cap thoat nuoc phue vu trong san xudt.
3.41.3. Chidh luoc phdng till! (Ket hpp cac didm manh va thach thuc)
Td ehiie lien ket cdc ho sdn xuat nhd le thanh td/nhdm de phdt huy ngi lue, giam thi^u nii ro. Tang cuong du bao thien tai, dieh benh kip tiidi va hudng din ede bien phdp phdng ngira de dam bao sdn xuat an todn vd ben vimg.
Cd ke hoach chuan bi pho bien kidn thiic hpp ly, tao didu kien sdn sang cho chuydn ddi MH canh tac tii hai vu lua sang MH canh tac lua- torn vd cac MH luan canh, xen eanh nuoi thuy san khac khi xam nhap man sau vdo ngi ddng vdi dp man cao.
3.41.4 Chieh luoc giam rui ro (Khde phuc nhiing diem ydu ket hpp eac thach thue)
Thudng xuyen theo doi, quan ly moi trudng ddt, nude trong ruong lua, ao nuoi de cd bien phdp xir ly
kip thdi nhdm ban che rui ro vd thiet hai do xam nhap man, do thdi tiet ndng ndng khd ban gay ra.
Can nghien eiiu ehuPi gid tri san pham nPng nghiep chu luc, san pham thuy sdn eho su lien ket ti-ong san xuat voi cdc doanh nghiep giup tim dupe thi trudng tieu thu tdt, tang hieu qua kinh te, tang thu nhap eho nong dan.
3.4.2. De xuat giai phap chien lupc eho ndnghd - Chii hpng lien ket trong san xudt theo hinh thirc edng ddng va lien kdt vdi cdc doanh nghiep giup tim duoc thi trudng tieu thu tdt.
- Tieh cue tham du lop tap huan, dp dung khoa hpe ky thuat mdi vdo san xuat giup tang nang suat cay trdng vat nuoi, giam chi phi dau tu.
Tang eudng khuyen eao cho cdc nong hp canh tdc mo hinh hai vu lua sdn sdng ehuyen dich sang canh tde mo hinh luan canh, xen eanh thuy sdn trong dieu kien xam nhap man gia tang nhdm thich nghi va eai thien thu nhap, dn dmh ddi song.
4. KFT LUAN
Xam nhap man ed tac dgng tieh cue trong ehuyen ddi MH eanh tac dat hieu qua kinh te eao so vdi san xudt hai vu lua. Trong dd ket hgp MH tom - cua - mau dat lgi nhuan cao nhat, ke den la MH chuyen tom va MH tom - liia. Trong khi MH 2 vu lua ed chi phi eao nhdt, nhung lgi nhuan dat thap nhat.
Bdn yeu to Id ehi phi sdn xuat, dien tieh canh tac, nang suat va trinh dp kien thuc nong nghiep deu anh hudng den thu nhap cua ngudi dan voi he sd R^ ttr 0,54 den 0,86. De MH canh tac thanh cong trong ung phd vol xam nhap man, chinh quydn dia phuong can ed nhiing chien lupc hP ti-g eu the ve nhieu mat nhu tang eudng vdn vay, da dang hoa san xuat; ddu tu xay dung CO sd ha tdng giao tiiong, nang cap he tiiong thuy loi; tang eudng mang ludi khuyen nong, khuyen ngu, chuyen giao ky thuat mdi, MH canh tac mdi.
Lien kdt san xuat voi doanh nghiep, hen kdt ho san xuat.
TAI UEU THAM KHAO
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ECONOMIC IMPACTS OF SAUNTIY INTRUSION ON FARMING SYSTEMS IN AN BIEN DISTRICT, KIEN GIANG PROVINCE
Le Van Dung, Nguyen Ho Le Huynh, Vo Thi Guong Summary
This study was carried out at Thu Ba town and Nam Thai A commune, An Bien district, Kien Giang province to analyse economic effeciency and factors affect to farming models. From this, the researchers propose strategies to improve economic efOciency, increase farmers' income hving in the affected saline intrusion areas. The results mdicated that tbe shrimp-crab-vegetable system yielded the highest incomes, followed by the shrimp monoculture and intergrated sbnmp-rice farming system, and the two - nee crops system had the lowest incomes. Multiple regression analysis showed that tbe four important factors included producbon' cost, culQvaUon area, producOvity and knowledge of agnculture that affected farmers' income with tbe coefhcient R^ from 0.54 to 0.86. In particular, the level of knowledge can be the important factor because this factor affects the cost of producUon and producUvity, affecbng the income of the farmers. The SWOT analysis showed that the impact of saline infrusion was challenging but salinity intrusion had a positive effect on the conversion of the farming model to high economic efficiency, compared to convenbonal two-crops. This effect is higher if there are developiag strategies, policies and solubons to support and adaption.
Keywords: Beneht, economic efBciency, Arming system, salinity intrusion.
Ngudi phan bien: TS. Chu Van Hdch Ngay nhan bdi: 15/8/2018 Ngdy thdng qua phan bi^n: 17/9/2018 Ngay duyet dang: 24/9/2018
NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - KY 1+2 - THANG 2/2019
