THI/C TRANG DAU Tl/ CUA THAI LAN TAI LAO Td NAM 1991 DEN NAM 2015
H A L E HUYEN*
Tom tdt: Lao Id quoc gia dang phdt triin d Dong Nam A, cd ngudn tdi nguyen th ien nhibn phong phu nhU khodng sdn, rdng vd nitdc, cd tiim ndng phdt trien cdc ngdnh cong nghiip,... Id moi tridmg hdp ddn thu hiit ddu tU niiac ngodi. Mpt trong nhitng nguon ddu tu quan trgng nhdt 6 Lao Id Thdi Lan. Thdi Lan vd Ldo thiit lap quan he ngogi giao tit n&m 1950, cung chung 1.810 km ditimg bien gidi, chia se nhdng net ti/ang dong vi ngon ngd, vdn hod vd co lich sd dan xen td Idu ddi, dgc biet hai nUdc diu quan tdm din song Mekong - "con dubng hod binh vd tinh hdu nghi" diia Thdi Lan trd thdnh doi tdc ddu tu so mpt ciia Ldo. Bdi viit phdn tich thuc trgng ddu tU vd rut ra mpt so kinh nghiem cho Viet Nam hien nay khi thUc hien ddu tU tgi Ldo.
Tii khda: quan he Thdi Lan - Ldo, Thdi Lan, Ldo, ddu tu.
1. Chinh s a c h d o i n g o a i ciia Thai Lan wk Lao - n h a n to tac dOng d e n q u a n b^ dSu td giu^a h a i nitdc
Thai Lan la mdt trong nhiJfng nflde phat trii'n nhat khu vflc Ddng Nam A nhflng Thai Lan cung la nfldc ehiu nhieu bien dpng ve chinh tri nhfl khung hoang chinh tri; tham nhung; xung dpc skc tdc, ton giao;
vai tro gia tang eiia tang Idp trung IflU va xa hgi dan sfl... Thai Lan la mdt trong nhflng thanh vien sang lap ASEAN, la mdt nfldc eong nghiep mdi, trong dd san xuat cdng nghiep, xua't khau ndng nghiep va du lieh la nhfliig hnh vfle chii ehdt eua nen kinh te.
Thai Lan cd truyen thd'ng ngoai giao
mem deo, linh boat va nang ddng. Thai Lan ludn flU tien phat trie'n quan he vdi cac nfldc lang gieng thdng qua eae hinh thflc quan he hgp tac cap nha nflde, hdp tae gifla cac td chfle tu nhan hay gifla nhan dan hai nfldc. Dilu nay giup thuc day viec md rgng hdp tae kinh te, thfldng mai, dau tfl va xuc tie'n du lich, md rgng hdp tac ve giao thong van tai va nhflng hpp tae khac trong chfldng trinh tong the ve hpp tae tieu khu vife nham thuc day mo'i quan he gifla cac nfldc lang gilng ngay eang khang kbit. Tfl ehii tnfdng nay. Thai Lan thifc hien mdt chinh sach ngoai giao nang ddng, tang eUdng hdp tac vdi Lao.
Lao theo che dp chinh tri edng hda dan
* TS. Ha Le Huyen. Vien nghien cuU Dong Nam A
30
ehu nhan dan. do chinh dang duy nhat:
Dang NTian dan Cach mang Lao lanh dao.
Lao CO nen kinh te dang phat trien theo hudng cdng nghiep hda, hien dai hda, cac chinh sach kinh te di ddi vdi phat trien xa hdi va bao ve mdi trudng. Lao da hoan thanh hau het cac MDG,~. vdi cac flu tien tap trung vao phat trien xa hdi, van hda.
giao due va y te.
Sau khi thanh lap thang 12 1975. Dang nhan dan each mang Lao qu\et tara va kien dinh dfldng ldi ddi ngoai "Tida binh, dgc lap, hflu nghi va hdp tac", thflc hien ehinh saeh dd'i ngoai vdi phUdng ehara "da phUdng hda, da dang hda cac mdi quan he qudc te ciia Lao" nhkm tang cUdng quan he toan dipn vdi ta't ea cae nfldc tren cd scf eung tdn tai hda binh ma khdng tach rdi he tfl tfldng de phat trien qudc gia. Dl dat dfldc cac muc tieu dat ra, Lao ufl tien hang dau cho eae nflde lang gieng nhfl Viet Nam, Trung Quoe, Myanraar va Thai Lan de hd trd hdp tae kinh te' va phat trien. Rieng vdi Thai Lan, Lao tang cfldng quan he hdp tac va tranh thii Thai Lan, tieh cflc tim nhCfng bien phap phu hdp de giai quye't nhifng ton tai trong quan he hai nUdc; khdng can thiep
\ghii-n ciht Dduii \'am A. .'><_^2z^::^^^
^'ao edng vide ndi bd ciia nhau; tich cdc boat ddng trong khudn kh6 ASEAN de tang eudng md'i quan he voi cac nUde. l a n g CUdng xua't khau hang hda cua Lao sang Thai Lan. T ^ dung eae thdi ed va thu hut ddu tu ciJa Thai Lan vao Lao vi Thai Lan raudn trd thanh trung tara ciia khu \-\ic • 2. Thiic t r a n g d a u tH c u a T h a i L a n ii L a o
Thai Lan va Lao da ky Hiep dinh xuc tien va bao ve dau tfl ngay 22/8/1990. Tfl nam 1991 den nam 2002, Thai Lan da dau tfl 279 dfl an vdi tong so vdn la 2.674 trieu USD(2) vao Lao. De'n nam 2015, eon so' nay da Ien tdi 748 dfl an vdi tong sd' vdn khoang 4.491 trieu USD'^* va dfla Thai Lan trd thanh nha dau tU so' mgt tai Lao. Tfl nam 2005 den nam 2015, dau tU trflc tiep cua Thai Lan vao Lao tang Uen tue, tif 13,7 trieu USD lln 1.597,34 trieu USD (Bang 1).
Dd'i vdi linh vflc dau tfl, Thai Lan ehii trpng dau tfl v l luyen kim, dieh vu, ndng nghiep, xay dflng, khach san va n h a hang. Dac biet, Thai Lan t a p trung dau tU vao dien, mang ludi giao thong va cd sd ha tang.
B a n g 1: Thai Lan d a u tit trflc t i e p v a o L a o tuf n a m 2005 d e n n a m 2015 Dan vi: Trieu USD Nam
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
I T h a i L a n d a u trf t n i c t i e p v a o L a o 13,7
25,58 83,54 214,35 461,33 566,71 725,18 1.082,52 1.414,9 1.350,01 1.597,34 Nguon: Bank of Thailand I201B)
Ha Le Huyen - Thuc trgng ddu tu cua Tlidi Lan tgi Ldo... 31
Hgp tdc dien Thdi Lan - Ldo: Hai nflde da ky mgt Bien ban ghi nhd ve hdp tae phat trien dien ngay 4/6/1993 de thfle hien cac dfl an san xuat dien d Lao ban cho Thai Lan vdi sd lUdng 1.500 megawatt (MW) trong nam 2000 va sau do da ky Ban ghi nhd so 2 ngdy 19/6/1996, sd 3 ngay 18/12/2006, so 4 ngay 22/12/2007 tai Vientiane, md rdng mua dien tfl Lao la 3.000 MW trong nam 2006 va 5.000 MW trong nam 2015. Cac dfl an ma Thai Lan da trien khai la Dfl an Houay Ho, Nam Theun 1, Nam Theun 2, Nam Ngum 2, Nam Ngum 3, Nam Ngeey, Hongsa, Nam U va Tern-Hin Bun (md rdng), vdi tong eong suat 1.755 MW. Lao dUde eoi la "pin ehau A" hoae nguin nang lUdng du trfl trong tieu vung, co tiem nang san xua't khoang 23.000 MW dien theo ke hoach phat trien kinh td' eiia Lao. Vao nam 2020, Lao se cd the hoan thanh 29 dfl an dien ldn, tao ra 8.657 MW dien''*'.
Tlidi Lan hd trg cho Ldo cdc diX dn phdt triin mgng lUdi giao thong vd co sd hg tdng: Dfl an eai thien san bay Luang Prabang vdi 217 trilu baht; Dfl an xay dflng dfldng d Vientiane hay edn gpi la
"Dfldng Lao-Thai" 103 trieu baht; xay difng cay cau bae qua sdng Huean, huyen Saiyabueng, tinh Loei; Dfl an xay dflng dudng doe Khammouan Wharf 34,65 trieu baht; Dfl an xay dflng dudng ndi tfl Khammouan Wharf den Qud'e Id 13, dai 1,85 km, kinh phi 29,85 trieu baht; Dfl an cai thien san bay, 320 trilu baht; Xay difng eae dfl an thoat nfldc va cai tao dfldng T2 d thii do Vientiane, khoang each 3,5 km, kinh phi 160 trieu baht; Dfl an cai tao dfldng dai 1,5 km d Luang Prabang ke't ndi dfldng 13 phia Bae va dflcfng Sangkhla vdi sd tien 18 trieu baht; Dif an cai tao dfldng Huai Khon (tinh Nan) - Muang Money - Pak Subdistrict, tinh Udomsai, khoang
each 49,22 km; Dfl an phat trien san bay Savannakhet, Dfl an cai thien san bay Pakse (giai doan 1) hai ben da ky mdt thda thuan hd trp tai chinh vao ngay 24/4/2007 gia tri kinh te 320 trieu baht'^'...
Dac biet, trong eae dif an eiia Thai Lan dau t u vao Lao phai ke den dU an Cau HflU nghi Thai Lan - Lao. Cau HCfu nghi 3 dUde khanh thanh ngay 11/11/2011, ndi hai tinh Kham Muan (Lao) vdi tinh Nakhon Phanom (Thai Lan), la cay eau ldn nhat ndi h i n hai nUde Lao va Thai Lan hipn nay.
Cau cd chieu dai 1.400 m va rdng 13 m, vdi tong kinh phi 60 trieu USD do eae nha thiet ke Thai Lan va Y hpp tac. CJiu cd vi tri ehie'n luge quan trgng trong vipc tao dieu kien di lai gifla ngudi dan Thai Lan va Lao, dan den md rdng hdp tac thfldng mai, diiu tfl va du lieh, dfla Lao tfl mdt qud'e gia khdng cd Id'i ra bien den mgt diem lien ket trong tieu vung. Cau khdng chi ket ndi Lao va Thai Lan ma edn gdp phan k i t ndi 8 tinh eua 3 nflde sfl dung chung dfldng 8 va dfldng 12 gom Nghe An, Ha Tinh, Quang Binh (Viet Nam), Sacon Nakhon, Nakhon Phanom, Noong Khai (Thai Lan), Kham Muan va Boh Khamxay (Lao). Theo dd, cay eau nay cung gdp phan ke't noi 8 tinh ndi tren vdi eae nfldc trong khu vfle ASEAN.
cau HCftJ nghi 4 Lao - Thai Lan la eay eau thfl tfl ndi h i n hai nfldc Lao va Thai Lan qua bien gidi tren sdng Mekong dflde khanh thanh ngay 11/12/2013. Cau ed tong chi phi hdn 48 trieu USD, dai 630m, rdng 14,7 m, ket ndi tinh Chiang Rai ciia Thai Lan vdi tinh Bokeo eua Ldo. Cau Hdu nghi se gdp phan tang cfldng ket ndi giao thfldng va du lieh giiia Lao, r^Iyanmar, Thai Lan va Trung Qud'e.
Nhfl \ay. de'n nay, Lao va Thai Lan da CO 4 eay eiu hCfU nghi bac qua bien gidi ehung hai nflde tren sdng Mekong; eay cau dau tien dUde xay difng nd'i thii dd
.Vghiin cdu Ddng .\'am -A.jdJJl:^}!!^
Vientiane vdi tmh Xongkhai cua Thai Lan vao nam 1994 do Chinh phu Australia dau tu va cau Hflu nghi sd' 2 bae qua sdng Mekong ndi lien hai tinh Mukdahan (Thai Lan I va Savanakhet (Lao) do Xhat tai trd.
Cau Hflu nghi Lao - Thai cd vai trd quan trpng hang dau trong quan he hdp tae song phfldng eung nhU sif phat trien kinh te hai qud'c gia thuan ldi va edn md ra ed hpi phat trien kinh te. thfldng raai, du lieh cua cae nUdc dgc Hanh lang kinh te Ddng - Tay I L\VE(' I cung nhu cac nUde tieu vung sdng .Mekong md rdng tG.MSi.
Hdp tac phat trien dfldng .-^at Thai Lan - Lao: -\s.M\ 20/3/2004. Thai Lan va Lao da ky mdt ban thda fldc ve xixy difng mdt tuyen dfldng sat dai 3.5 km xua't phat tfl Nong Khai, Thai Lan va ket thue tai Ban Thanaleng, liio. Dfl an ve dfldng sat dfldc lien hanh theo hai giai doan. Giai doan 1 la xiiy dflng 3,5 kra gifla Nong Khai va giai doan 2 md rdng mang dfldng, keo dai de'n N'iontiane. Day la tuyen dUdng sdt dau tien ndi hai qud'c gia va eung la tuyen dudng sat qude id dau tien cua Lao. Giai doan 2: Md rpng xa>' difng 7,5 km keo dai tfl ga Thanalaeng thugc huyen Hadxaifong tdi ban Khamsavat, trung tam huyen XLi\scttha. Vientiane. Tfl thang 2/2006. cd quan Phat trien Phap dong v cap vdn cho Lao de xa\' dflng tuyen ndi giai doan 2.
Nii;\\' 2S6'2019. tai Vientiane, Vu Dfldng sat thugc Bd Cdng ehinh \-a Van tai Lao va Cdng t\ Xay difng Sermssanguan (Thai Lan I da ky Bien ban ghi nhd iMOU' trien khai du an phat trien dUdng sM Lao - Thai giai doan 2. dfl kien hoan thanh vao eudi nam 2021. Dfl an do Cd quan hpp tae phat trien kinh te cac nfldc lang gieng cua Thai Lan tXED.Ai cap vdn va da cap hdn 994 trieu baht, trong dd 30'"; la vien trp khdng hoan lai, lO^c Va cho vay lai suat thap'^'.
Hien Lao ehi cd dfldng sat dai 3,5 km ndi
trung tara tinh Nong Khai eua Tliai Lan tdi cau Hflu nghi Lao - Thai. Khi hoan thanh doan md rgng nay. dfldng sat so co tdng chilu dai la 11 km. Tuyen dUdng sat hoan thanh va di vao hoat ddng se lam gia tang dang ke hanh khach va khaeh du lieh. Ga d ban Khamsavat each trung tam t h a n h phd (That Luang) 4km, giup dUdng tdi trung tara Vientiane ngan hdn so vdi dUdng 6 td dai 17 km tfl That Luang tdi ga tau hda Thanalaeng. Dif an dfldng sat Lao - Thai la ket qua ciia sif hdp tac song phfldng gifla Thai Lan va Lao de hai nflde ngay cang phat tricn thfldng mai song phfldng.
Dfl an dfldng bg Thai Lan - Lao: Ngay 28/6/2019 tai Vientiane, Cue Dfldng bd thude Bp Cdng chinh va Van tai va Cdng ty tfl va'n ky thuat ehau A thude Cdng ty Tfl van ky thuat giao thdng Lao va Cdng ty Tfl van phat t r i l n va ky thuat toan cau Lao da ky MOU trien khai xay dflng Qud'e 15 11, ndi Vientiane qua tinh Xayaboury tdi mien Bae Thai Lan vdi chilu dai tren 122 km, thdi gian xay dflng dfl kien la 36 thang, dfl kien hoan thanh dfla vao suf dung nam 2022. Dfl an xay dflng qud'c Ig 11 se ndi huyen Sangthong vdi Meun va Xanakham d tinh Vientiane, bat dau tif lang Nonsavanh-Kokkhaodor den lang Vang va Namsang d huyen Xanakham va nd'i vdi mgt tuyen dfldng khae d tinh Xayaboui-y trfldc khi den phia Bae Thai Lan. Chi phi dfl kien la hdn 1,8 ty baht.
Day la dfl an cd vdn vay hoan tra sau 25 nam, lai sua't la 1,25% va thdi gian gia h a n la 7 nam'^'. Xay dflng qud'e Id so 11 cd y nghia quan trgng bdi vi day la mdt trong nhflng con dfldng ehie'n lUdc trong chinh tri, quan sU va phat trien kinh te - xa hdi cua Lao.
Hpp tac phat trien mang ludi giao thdng gifla Lao va Thai Lan cd y nghia quan trgng nham mang lai ldi ieh eho ca hai nude dac
\5^9 •••t-.
Hd Li Huyen - Thi/c trgng ddu tUcita Thai Lan igi Ldo..
biet la phat trien kinh te. Dd'i vdi Lao, mdt nude trong ndi dia, hdp tac giflp md rdng giao thfldng vdi cac nflde trong khu vUe. Tfl nhieu nam, vide giao thfldng gifla Lao va Thai Lan da ed nhieu hoat ddng tieh cflc.
Lao xuat khau sang Thai Lan ndng san va go; nhap khau tfl Thai Lan vat lieu xay dung va hang tieu dimg. Lao khdng cd bien, khdng t h i tiep can trflc tiep vdi bien, phUdng tien duy nha't de giao luu hang hda vdi eae nude chi la 6 to tai. Ngay nay phfldng tien van tai radi se giam mgt each dang ke chi phi xuat khau. Tuye'n dfldng nd'i Lao vdi Thai Lan se eai tie'n manh me hoat ddng thfldng mai va nang cao quan he gifla hai nflde. Dfl an edn tao ed sd de phat trien du lich ndi dia d ca hai nflde.
3. MOt v a i n h S n x e t
3.1 Su thugn lgi ciia Thdi Lan khi ddu tu d Ldo
Lao ndi Ien nhfl la radt trong nhiing nfldc thu hut FDI dang ke trong ASEAN Thai Lan la qud'c gia dan dau dau tU trifc tiep vao Lao. Cd dUde vi tri do la do Thai Lan da xay difng mgt ehien lUdc tong the nham hd trd, thiic day cac doanh nghiep trong nflde dau tfl trflc tiep ra nfldc ngoai va vai trb ciia chinli phii Thai Lan trong viee ho trp eae doanh nghiep dau tU trflc tilp vao Lao.
Thai Lan la mdt qud'e gia da ra't thanh cong trong viec thu hiit FDI, vi vay, hp ed nhieu kinh nghiem de to ehfle bg may dilu hanh, thue day va hd trp doanh nghiep Thai Lan dau tfl trfle tiep ra nUdc ngoai.
dae biet la Lao. Dau tfl trUe tiep cQa Thai Lan vao Lao dupe day manh vdi hai nganh quan trgng la nganh nang Ifldng va khai thac khoang san. Chinli phii Thai Lan ludn khuyen khich, uu dai (vl vdn) tao dilu kien thuan ldi cho cac cdng ty, tap doan.
cac doanh nghiep d^y manh dau tu ti-flc
tie'p vao Lao. Chinh phii Thai Lan thflc hien ndi long eae han che ve vdn dau tU trflc tiep vao Lao ddi vdi cae cdng ty, xi nghiep. Cac bien phap, ehinh sach ciia Nha nudc deu tap tnmg md rpng kha nang dau tu vao Lao, bai bd cac dieu luat va dieu le gay han che dau tU vao Lao trUde day.
Chinh phu Thai Lan thanh lap cd quan quan ly vdn dau tU ra nUde ngoai ndi chung, dau tU vao Lao ndi rieng, dong thdi xay dflng mdt he thdng cae chinh sdch quan Iy vd'n dau tfl trflc tiep vao Lao va thflc hien cd hieu qua. Gae boat ddng dau tfl vao Lao vdi gia tri vd'n ldn dlu do Ngan hang Thai Lan phe ehuan. Cung vdi ehinh saeh ddi ngoai da dang hda, da phfldng hda, hpp tae khu vflc, cae boat dgng dau tfl trifc tie'p eiia Thai Lan vao Lao ngay cang tang. Chinh phii Thai Lan ra't chu trpng dam bao phat trien mang Ifldi thdng tin lien lae phue vu lpi ieh cua cac edng ty boat ddng trong va ngoai nflde. Ngoai ra, chinh phii cdn chd trgng dao tao dpi ngu can bg va cong nhan eho ede tap doan, day la ye'u td thiet thflc eho cae doanh nghiep dau tfl trflc tiep d Lao.
Mgt van d l cd tinh quye't dinh trong viee dfla Thai Lan trd thanh nha dau tfl Idn nhat d Lao la dau tU chiem linh thi trUdng Lao vdi nhip do tang td'e nham chiem chd va gifl chd. Tren thUe te, cd nhilu dfl an, cdng trinh chfla eo lai, cong trinh lam ra ehfla sif dung het edng sua't nhflng hg v^n lam de chiem cho eho sau nay khi dia ban dau tfl va tai nguyen d trong nflde hp da can. Chinh phii Thai Lan da khuyen khich va tao dilu kien cho cac doanh nghiep, hau het la edng ty tfl nhan dau tfl vao Lao.
.3.2. Tro nggi trong ddu tit cua Thdi Lan tgi Ldo
Lao khdng cd sfl nhat quan trong cae chinh sach dau tfl, eong nhan cd ky thuat
34 Nghien cdu Bdng Nam A. sdj^^j^
chat Ifldng cao cdn hiem. Vdi dan sd 6.9 tripu ngfldi va 7 0 ^ sdng d ndng thdn mien nui dan den tinh trang thieu lao dpng, lam anh hudng nghiem trpng cac nganh cdng nghiep. Cac tien ich edng cdng cdn nhilu bait cap, gay trd ngai cho dau tfl Thai Lan vao Lao. Ben canh dd. Thai Lan thudng tap tnmg dau tu vao mdt sd' nganh nhfl thij>*
dipn, cao su, cdng n ^ p p khai khoang...
cdn nhflng linh vfle nhfl: ndng - lam - ngfl nghipp lai khdng dflde quan tam. dan de'n mat can bang trong ed cau cac nganh ciing nhu vung miln tai Lao. Trong khi dd, radt sd doanh nghiep Thai Lan khi dau tfl vao Lao thfldng siif dung lao dgng cua nflde minh ma khdng sfl dung lao dgng tai dia phfldng, dieu nay dan den tinh trang khdng tao edng fin viee lam eho ngfldi dan Lao, gay tam ly khdng tdt ciia ngfldi dan Lao dd'i vdi eae nha dau tfl Thai Lan'"*'.
4. H a m y cho Vipt N a m
So vdi tiem nfing, lpi the hien cd thi dau tfl ciia Viet Nam vao Lao cdn rat khiera ton, trong khi dd, Thai Lan la nfldc dflng dau trong dau tfl trflc tiep vao Lao ed nhilu diem tfldng dong vdi Viet Nam. Dd la sfl gan gui ve trinh dp phat trien va lich sii van hda, dong thdi deu la thanh vien trong Tieu vung sdng Mekong nen ed nhieu thuan ldi trong quan he, hgc hdi kinh nghiem lan nhau. Tuy nhien, so vdi Thai Lan thi Viet Nam cd uu the' hdn ban trong dau tu vao Lao. Bdi \-i, Viet Nam va Lao la hai nflde lang ^ e n g gan gui cd sfl tfldng dong ean ban ve dinh hudng ehinh tri va rauc tieu phat trien; hai nUdc ed mdi quan he kinh te, ehinh tri hflu nghi dac biet, do do ehinh phii Lao rat ung hd va ifu tien, Uu dai cac doanh nghiep Viet Xam dau tU, san xuat kinh doanh tai Lao so vdi cae dd'i tac khac trong khu \-Ue. nhat la vl thue' va thdi ban thue dat dai. Sd ch Chinh phu Lao cd
ehinh sach UU dai rieng cho doanh nghi?p Viet Nam vi Lao mudn khuyen khich dau tu tif Viet Nam, qudc gia ed nhieu ^ n bo trong edng eudc xay dUng kinh te \di Lao.
Quan he hpp tac dau tU Viet - Lao dfla tren nguyen tfie "TM nguyen ciia Lao, ky thu^t va lao dpng cua Viet Nam, vdn cua Viet Nam hoae cua nUdc thfl ba dau tU vao Lao tren cd sd hdp tae binh dfing, cung cd ldi, ket hdp thoa dang tinh chat quan he dae biet vdi thdng le qud'e te, uU tien Uu dai hdp Iy cho nhau"*^'.
Tren cd sd nhflng diem tfldng d6ng va khae bipt trong dau tfl vao Lao eiia Viet Nam so vcfi Thai Lan, nghidn eufu kinh nghiem dau tfl eiia Thai Lan, cd the nit ra rapt so bai hpe ddi vdi Viet Nam nhfl sau:
- Viet Nam ean ehii trpng va tao mdi trfldng thuan Ipi cho cae doanh nghiep boat dgng dau tfl tai Lao dong thdi ludn gianh sfl flu dai dac biet ve vd'n, flfl dai thue' giup cac doanh nghiep gifl vifng vi tri eanh tranh vdi cac nha dau tfl khac tren thi trfldng Lao. Viet Nam ehu trgng khSu dao tao va boi dfldng nguon n h a n life, hd trd eho cac doanh nghiep Viet Nam trong khau dao tao ngfldi lao ddng. Mat khac, Chinh phii can ed ehe' dp dai ngp hpp ly, tao ddng life thiic day ngUdi lao ddng tieh cflc tham gia lao ddng tai Lao.
- Viet Nam gifl vflng va tang cfldng md'i quan he hflu nghi truyen thd'ng dac bidt vdi Lao nhkm tim kiem cd hpi dau tfl cho eae doanh nghiep. Tang cfldng hdp tac dau tU, hen doanh, lidn ke't vdi Lao tren cd sd md'i quan he hflu nghi truyen thd'ng dac biet Viet - Lao khdng nhijtog vl muc tieu kinh te ma edn vi mue tieu chien lude ve chinh tri, an ninh qud'e gia va phat trien dat nude. Tham ehi, cd the cdn hy sinh muc tieu kinh te ma dfit muc tieu ehinh tri an ninh qud'e phdng Ien tren het Bdi vi Lao la mdt vung dat dang dfldc nhieu nude
Ha Le Huyen - Thuc trgng ddu lUcua Thdi Lan tgi Uio... 35
quan tam. Bat ki nganh nao, linh vflc nao ed eho trdng lap tfle cd nhiJfng life Iflpng tfl ben ngoai nhdm ngd va tim each tac ddng loi keo. Thfle tien hoat dpng dau tfl nhflng nfim qua d khu vfle Bfie Lao da eho thay rd dieu dd vi "mdt sfl hdp tae dau tu toan dien, nhanh chdng ngay tfl dau la rat ean thiet, mgt sfl ehan chfl, eham t r i se phai tra gia vl hau qua cua nd. Trong mgt sd trfldng hdp chung ta khdng chi phai hy sinh eua cai vat chat ma cdn ca xfldng mau vi mgt sfl eh$m tre hay phid'n dipn trong quan he hop tac"' ^°'. Ben canh do, cac doanh nghipp Viet Nara mudn dflng vCfng cf thi trfldng Lao cung can khdng ngimg van dpng, eung cd, tang cfldng nang cao sflc manh tai chinh, trinh do khoa hgc eong nghe, trinh dp nguon nhan lflc va eo ehie'n Ifldc iau dai nham md rgng thi trfldng, tan dung nhflng lpi the cd sfin, nha't la sfl flu dai dfic biet ciia chinh phii Lao danh eho cac doanh nghiep Viet Nam de tim each khai thae eae nguon lflc mdi.
Ket lu^n
Thai Lan va Lao ed mdi quan he Iau ddi.
Trong bd'i canh hgi nhap khu vflc va toan cau hda, md'i quan he ciia hai nfldc cang trd nen quan trpng hdn bao gid he't vi ca hai deu la eOfa ngd cua nhau trong mgi hoat dpng lien ke't va giao IflU. Hai nUde duy tri va tang cfldng trao doi doan cap cao va eae cap, chu trgng giao lflu n h a n dan, md rdng va lam sau sfic hdn nfla hdp tac trong linh vife dau tfl de thuc day tang trfldng manh me ve kinh te. Tfl nara 1991 den 2015, sd Ifldng dfl an va sd vd'n dau tfl ciia Thai Lan vao Lao khdng ngflng gia tang, dfla Thai Lan trd t h a n h mdt trong nhflng nfldc dflng dau ve dau tu d Lao. Cae du an dau tu ciia Thai Lan vao Lao ehii ye'u theo hinh thflc 100% vd'n nUdc ngoai, tie'p theo la dau tfl theo hinh thflc hen doanh va theo hinh
thflc hdp dong hdp tac kinh doanh. Nhin chung, cac du an dau tu eiia Thai Lan trien khai tdt, nhieu dU an boat dgng cd hieu qua cao, ed nhflng san pham thay the dUpc hang nhap khau va tham gia tich cUc vao lUdng hang hda xua't khau cua Lao7.
C H U T f f l C H
1. B6 Ngoai giao Lao, Uy ban hdp tac Lao - Thai Lan (2006), Chien luge hgp tdc hat ben gida Cpng hdo ddn chd nhdn ddn Ldo vd vuang qudc Thdi Lan trong giai dogn tit ndm 2006-2010, Nxb Qudc gia, Vieng Chan, tr.59.
2. Economic news. Investment in Laos, 13 August 2004, Department of International Trade Negotiations.
3. Wattanakul, Thanet and Watchalaanun, Tanawat, The Relationship between Foreign Direct Investment from Thailand and Export on the Economic Growth of Laos, Australasian Accounting, Business and Finance Journal, 11(3), 2017, 55-66.
doi:10.14453/aab6.vlli3.5.
4. Economic relations between Thailand and Laos, httpy/www.Iam pan gvc.ac.th/Jvcasean /page_laos5.html, truy cap ngay 20/5/2019.
5. Economic relations between Thailand and Laos, httpj'/www.lampangvc.ac.th/lvcasean /page_Iaos5.html, truy cap ngay 20/5/2019 6. Vientiane Times, 021712019 . Vientiane Times, 3/7/2019
8. Ngan hang Trung flOng Lao (2011), Tdng ket nen kinh te Lao nfim 2011, Nxb Qudc gia, Vieng Chan, tr.l56
9. Nguyen Van Thfing: "Yai (rocikic/iin/ip/iu Thdi Lan, Trung Quo'c trong vi^c h6 trg cdc doanh nghiep ddu tu trUc dip vdo Cpng hoa ddn chu nhdn ddn Ldo", Tap chi Khoa bgc, Dai hoc Hue, tr.l42, sd 62A, 2010 lO.Hpe vien Chinh tri qudc gia Ho Chi Minh.
Ky yeu de tai khoa hgc cap Bg nfim 1999 - 2000. Quan he gida Viet Nam vd Ldo trong
