ThiTc trang phat trien nang life \\i hpc
cho sinh vien Sif pham Hoa hpc thong qua day hpc cac hpc phan Hoa hpc dai cUdng
Nguyfin Thj Thu L a n \ flao Thi Viet A ^ h ^ Chu Van Tiem^
' Email: nguyenthulan.071@9mai!.com 'Email' [email protected],vn i Email [email protected] Tnidng D91 hgc SU phgm H^ MOI 2 Si! 32 M n g Nguyen Van Linh, phiTdng Xuan Hod, ttiJnti phfl Phuc Y6n, tinh Vinh Phiic, Viet Nam
TOM TAT: Ddi vdi quii trinh hoc t$p cCia sinh vi6n not chung, sinh vi^n SUph^m Hoa hoc ndi riSng, ti/ hgc cd vai tro vd cung quan trgng. Tu hgc la yeu to quydt djnh chat lUdng hoc tap, chat lUdng dao tao bdi nd phat huy tinh tu giac, tich cue chiSm linh tri thUe eua sinh vien. Do dd, bdi dudng va phat triin nSng li/c tl/ hoc cho sinh vidn la mot cdng vide c6 vi tri rat quan trong trong qua trinh d^o tao d trudng dai hgc. Bai bao tap trung lam rd thue trang vd: 1/Phuang phAp d^y hgc gi^ng vidn da siJi dung trong day hoc cac hge phin Hda hgc dai cuang dS phat trien nSng luc tU hoc cho sinh vidn; 2/ Mdc dd cin thiet cOa vige xSy dung tai li$u ti/ hoc trong day hge eac hoc phan Hda hgc d^i cUdng eho sinh vi§n SUpharn Hoa hoc; 3/MCfc dd cin thiet eua viec sH di^ng mdt s6 phUdng phap d^y hgc tich cue trong day hge eac hge phan Hda hgc d$i cUOng dS phit triin nang luc tu hgc cho sinh vien; 4/ Danh gii nSng lUc ttf hoc cic hoc phin Hda hgc dai cUdng eua sinh vien SUpham Hoa hgc; 5/NhOng thuan lai vi khd khSn khi su" di/ng cac phuang phap d^y hgc tich cue trong d^y hgc cac hgc phan Hoa hgc d^i cUdng di phat triSn nSng lue tu hge eho sinh vien.
Tlf KHOA: Nang li{c tiT hgc; ddnh gia nang liJc t^ hpc; Hod hpc tfai ctldng; Sti pham Hoa hoc.
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I.Datv^ndg
Tit hpc da dugc con nguai thirc hien tii rat sam, ngay tir khi gido dye (GD) chua tra thanh mpt nganh khoa hpc thue sy. 0 thcri ki d6, ngucd ta da biet quan tSm den viec lam sao cho nguai hpc chSm chi, tich cue ghi nha dupe nhiing gido huan eua thay va hanh dpng theo nhiing dieu ghi nho do.
Montaigne tiing khuyen ring: "Tot hem Id dng thay de cho hgc tro tu hgc. tir di len phia truae, nhdn xet buae di eiia Aft dong thai gidm bdt toe do ciia thay cho phii hap v&i sue hgc ciia tro" [\].
Tir the ki XVII, cdc nha GD ft-en thi gi6i nhu: J.A Comen- sky (1592-1670), G.Brousseau (1712-1778), J.H. Pestaloz- zi (1746-1872), A.Disterweg (1790-1866) trong cae cong trinh nghien cuu eua minh deu rat quan tam den sir phat trien tri tu?, tinh tich cue, dpc lap, sang tao ciia hoc sinh (HS) va nhSn m^inh phdi khuyen khich nguai hpc gianh ISy tri thiic biing con duong ty kham phd, tim toi va suy nghT trong qud trinh hpc tap. Cimg vcri d6, cdc nha GD hpe MT vd TSy Au Cling d3 khSng dinh vai tro eua ngucri hpc trong qua trinh hpc t|p, dong thai nhdn manh vai tro ciia nguai thSy va cdc phuang phdp, phuang ti?n trong qua trinh day hpc.
Cac nha GD X6 Viet da nghien ciiu sau s5c each thiic nham nang cao hifu qud ho^t dpng ty hpc ciia nguai hpc, trong 1I6 neu 16n nh&ng bien phap to chiic ho^t dpng dgc lap nhan thiic ciia HS trong qud trinh d^y hpc. Nhifiu nha GD a Chau A cung da quan tdm dka linh vyc ty hpc ciia HS. Nha su pham n6i tieng ngucri Nhat, ong T.Makiguchi da trinh bay
nhung tu tuang GD moi trong tac pham "GD vi cuoe song sdng tgo ". Ong cho r5ng, GD eo thg coi Id qud trinh huong ddn tu hoc ma dpng lyc eua no la kich thich ngucri hgc sang tao ra gia trj de d^t tai hanh phiic ciia ban than va ciia cong d6ng. Truac nhung thach thiic mai ciia th6 ki XXI, hpi dOng Qu6c ik Jacques Delors ve GD cho the ki XXI da hoan thanh ban bao cao phan tich nhiiu khia canh hpc tap trong xa hpi tuong lai, trong do dac biet nhan manh vai tro ngucri hpc, cdch hpc can phai dugc day cho the h? tre [1].
CJ Viet Nam, vdn dh ty hpc ciing dd dugc quan tam, chu trgng tir lau. Ngay tir thai ki phong kiln, GD nuac ta chua phdt trien nhung vdn co nhiiu nhdn tdi vai hpc vdn uyen bdc nha qud trinh tu hgc ciia bdn than. Cung chinh vi vay, nguai ta coi trpng viec ty hgc, neu cao nhirng tdm gucmg ty hgc thanh tdi. Tuy nhien, vdn dk ty hpc thyc su dupe phdt dpng nghien ciiu nghiem tuc, rpng rai tir khi nen GD each mang ra dai (1945), md Chii tich H6 Chi Minh viia la nguai khoi xuang viia neu tdm guang vl tmh thdn va phuang phdp X\f hgc. Ngucri tiing noi: "Cdn song thi con phdi hgc" va cho rdng: "Vi cdch hgc phdi Idynrhgc Idm cdt". Tilp do, vdo nhimg nam 60 cOa thi ki XX, m tuang \'l ty hpc dd dugc nhiiu tac gia dl cap tai trong cdc cong trinh nghien cim ciia mmh nhu: Nguyen Cdnh Todn (1995). ludn bdn vu kinh nghiem vi tv hgc), Trdn Kilu. Nguyen Bd Kim. Thdi Duy Tuyen, Biii Vdn Nghj....[2], [3], [4]. [5].
Nhu vay, co thi thay vdn de phdt trien kha ndng ty hgc eho HS da dugc nhilu td chirc \ a nha khoa hgc GD quan
S d 1 6 t t i ^ 4 / 2 0 1 9 19
NGHIEN COrULfLUAN
tam nghien cim. Dieu do cho thdy lira quan trpng ciia ty hpc trong qua trinh hpc tap. D6i voi hinh thirc ddo tao theo hpc che tin chi a truang d^i hpc (DH) hien nay da d?t ra yeu cdu ty hpc cao cho ngucri hgc. Trong hpc chi tin chi, sinh vien (SV) can phdi lam chii dugc thai gian, ddc biet la thai gian ty hgc. Ty hgc, ty nghien ciiu dl tich lijy kiln thiie, ren luyen cdc kT nang thyc hanh nghi nghiep... Mat khdc, doi voi SV Su pham Hod hpc cdc kiln thiic vl Hoa hpe dai cucmg (HHDC) la nhimg kiln thiic nIn tdng, co ban dl SV CO the van dung trong hgc tap a tniang DH va giang day chuyen mon sau khi tot nghiep ra truang. Do do, phat trien ndng lyc ty hpc (NLTH) cho SV la yeu cdu cdp thiit, co y nghia ve mat H luan vd thyc tien gop phan nang cao chdt lugng GD DH. Trong npi dung bai bao nay, chiing toi trinh bdy vd phan tich cdc ket qua vl thyc trang phat tnIn NLTH cho SV Su pham Hoa hpc thong qua day hgc cdc hgc phdn HHDC [6], [7], [%]. Nghien cuu ndy dugfc tdi tr^ tu nguon kinh phi Khoa hpc cdng nghe eua Tru&ng Dpi hpc Su phgm Hd Npi 2 cho di tdi md sd: C.2018-18-05.
2. Ndi dung nghien cuTu
V6i muc dich thu thap thong tin, chiing toi da tiln hanh xay dung va phdt phieu hoi y kien giang vien (GV) vl phat trien NLTH cho SV thong qua day hpc cac hpc phdn HHBC dii vai 35 GV dang day hpc mon HHDC tai 10 hirang DH c6 ddo tao chuyen ngdnh Su pham Hod hpc thugc mgt s6 tinh a khu vyc mien Bac, mien Trung vd miln Nam. Kit qua dd dugc tong hpp vd xit li bang phan mem xii li so lieu thing ke SPSS 22 (Statistical Package for Social Sciences).
Ket qua cu the dupe trinh bdy duai day.
2.1. S0 li/dc ve giang vien tham gia l(hao sat iSy y kien Trong s6 35 GV tham gia khao sat eo 14 GV nam (40%) va 21 GV nii (60%). Vl hgc vdn, 15 GV co hgc vi thac si (42,9%), 12 GV CO hpc vi tiln s? (34,3%) vd 8 GV co hpc ham pho giao su (22,9%). Kit qua tren cho thdy, cdc GV tham gia khao sdt deu co trinh dp hgc van cao, dac biet co nhieu GV co kinh nghi?m trong giang d^y, nghien ciiu. Day Id m$t trong nhimg dieu kien thuan Igi de thyc hien doi moi phuang phdp day hpc (PPDH) a truang DH su pham noi chung, doi mai PPDH cac hpc phan HHDC noi rieng theo djnli hucrng phdt trien ndng lyc nguai hgc.
2.2. Ket qud kh^o s i t giang vien ve tam quan trong eua viec phat trien ndng lire tU hoc cho sinh vien Sif pham Hoa hpc thong qua ilay hoc cac hpc phan Hoa hpc dai cUtfng Yeu cau ve nguoi lao dgng trong the ki XXI dat ra cho nganh GD nhiem vy quan trgng ve ddo tao nguon nhdn lyc CO chit lugng cao, eo kha ndng thich img nhanh vai nhiing hoan cdnh luon thay doi trong cong \ iec vd cupe song. De d^t dupe myc tieu do, qua trinh dpy hgc can huong tai hinh thdnh vd phdt trien ndng lye (NL) cho nguai hgc. Theo Chuong trinh GD pho thong tong the [9], NLTH duac ciu inJc trong NL ty chii va tu hgc la mgt trong nhirng NL
chung quan trpng cin hinh thdnh va phat men cho HS d trudng pho th6ng. Dinh hu6ng phdt triin NLTH ^ho HS o tru6ng pha thong t^o ca sa nIn tdng dl HS co the tiep c?n vd lam quen vdi vife hgc tdp a trucmg DH md 6 d6 c6 y6u ciu vl khd nang ty hpc cao ciia SV Co the noi, phat trien NLTH cho SV Id yiu t6 then ch6t, quan trpng, quyet djnh din chit lugng ddo tao ciia cac truang DH. Khdo sdt nhdn thiic ciia GV vl tdm quan trpng ciia viec phdt triin NLTH cho SV Su ph^m Hod hgc thong qua day hgc cac hpc phan HHDC, chiing toi thu dugc kit qua dugc trinh bay frong Bdng 1 ducri day (xem Bang 1):
Bdng 1: Y kl^n eua GV ve tam quan trong eua viec phat triin NLTH Cho SV Sil pham Hoa hpc thong qua day hpc cdc hpc phSn HHDC
Hdp 18
R i t quan trpng Quan trgng it quan trgng Tnng
20 14 1 35
57,1 40 2,9
too
57,1 40 2,9 100
57,1 97,1 100
Tir so li^u eua Bdng 1, co the thay da so GV (97,1%) deu cho rang phat triSn NLTH cho SV Su pham Hoa hpc thong qua d^y hpe cac hgc phan HHDC la r^t quan trpng vi quan trpng, chi co 2,9% GV lya chpn d muc dp it quan trpng v4 Idiong CO GV nao lira chpn mirc dp binh thudng va ldi6ng quan trpng. Nhu vay, co the Ichang dinh GV dang giang d^y cac hpc phSn HHDC ciia eac trudng DH su pham hi?n nay da cc nhihig nhan thue diing dan ve su can thi6t phat trien NLTH cho SV.
2.3. Kft qua khao sit ve cac phirong ph^p day h;c tich circ ma giang vien ea sir dung d l pliat ttiln ning luc td tioc cho sinh vien
Dei vai GD DH, muc tieu co ban a giai do^n nay la dSo t?o nghS nghiep cho nguM hpe. Hon nua, SV \i ddi hipng ed kha nang tu tim hieu, nghien cuu, giai quyet ede vin de n-ong hpe t§p cung nhu trong ddi sdng th\rc tiln cao. Do dd, a-ong qua trinh d^y hpe d trudng DH, GV cjn cSn cir vao myc tieu, dac diem tren eua SV,... de lya chpn va su dpi^
cac PPDH phii hpp, phat huy tinh tich cue, ehii dpng, s ^ tao ciia ngudi hpc. Didu dd ddi hdi GV phai thay doi nhjn thue, quan diem vi qua Mnh day hpe. Vai trd ciia GV khdng cdn la ngudi truyln thy kiSn thiic ma la ngudi td chirc.
hudng din SV tu hpe, ty chijm linh oi thirc [10], [8], [11].
Kit qua khap sat v4 cac PPDH d3 dupe GV su dyng nhSm tich eye hda hoat dpng hpc t4p v4 phat triin NLTH cho SV dupe trinh bky ucng Bang 2 dudi day (xem Bang 2).
Tir sd lieu eua Bang 2, cd thi thay. PPDH ma GV dang sir dyng phd biin hien nay de phii triin NLTH eho SV Su ZO TAP CHi KHOA HOC GIAO DdC VIET NAM
i^yuye i inuLan.uao Im vi^t Anh, Chu Van Tlgm
p h ^ Hod hpc g6m: Phuong phap nghien ciiu; Xemina; Su dyng bai t^p trong day hpc; Day hpc hpp tde theo nhom nh6; Ddm thogi tim toi va Day hpc theo hgp ding. Cac PPDH nay dugc GV sii dung linh ho^t trong day hpc cac hgc phan HHDC. D6i voi PPDH theo g6c (8,6%) va day hpc du dn (2,9%). GV chua sii dung nhieu trong day hpc do cdc hpc phdn HHDC co nhieu npi dung kien thiic trim tu^ng, han lam. Mat khac, khi van dung cac PPDH theo goc va d^y hpc du an trong day hpc dat ra yeu cdu ve su chuan bi cong phu va mat nhieu thoi gian. Tuy nhien, day hpc theo g6c va day hpc du dn la cac PPDH tich cue, giup phat huy tinh dpc lap, khd nang hgp tac va phdt trien nang lire cho SV. Do do, GV cdn nghien ciru va van dung cac PPDH nay trong day hgc cdc hpc phdn HHDC mgt each hop li de da dang hoa cac PPDH, gop phan nang cao chat lupng day hgc
\k phdt hien nang luc cho SV.
Bing 2: PPDH tich ciTc GV da sur dung trong day hpc cac hpc phin HHfiC nham phat tri^n NLTH cho SV
1 S n PPDH
1 PhLldng phdp nghien ctJu Z PhiJdng phap xemina 3 PPDH hdp tac theo nhOm nh6 4 Phiidng phap ddm thoai, tim toi 5 PPDH theo hop fl6ng 6 PPDH theo g6c 7 PPDH dy dn
8 Sii dung bdi tdp trong day hpc
% G V l t a sii dung 1 97,1
97,1 74,3 65,7 54,3 8,6 2,9 100
2,4. Ket quS IdiaD sat ve viec giang vien ffanh gia nang lire tii iifc sua sinh vien khi hpc cac hpc phan Hoa hoc ilai cirong Kit qua khip sat GV vi viec danh gia NLTH ciia SV trong hpc tip cac hoc phin HHDC duac chiing toi trinh bay Irong Bing 3 duoi day (xem Bang 3):
Bing 3: t tain c i a GV lanh gia NLTH cija SV khi hoc cac hoc pliSnHHfiC
Phan Phan Phan suat Iram tram hop tram tich
HW Tot
Kha
Trung binh Y«u M m Tdng
4 12 18 1 35
11,4 34,3 51,4 2,9 100
11,4 34,3 51,4 2,9 100
11,4 45,7 97,1 100
NLTH eua SV khi hpc cac hpc phdn HHDC 6 miic dp kha (34,3%) va trung binh (51,4%). KSt qud tren cho thdy, NLTH cdc hgc phdn HHDC ciia SV con nhi^u han chg.
Dilu do mpt phdn id do trong chuang trinh dao tao cdc hpc phdn HHDC thucmg dupe sdp xgp hpc vao nam thu nhdt.
Vi vay, SV thucmg gap kho khan trong qua ttinh tilp can voi each hgc mai vd yeu cdu vS kha nang tu hpc cao o bac DH. Mat khdc, noi dung kien thiic cdc hpc phdn HHDC thuang trim tugng, kho higu nen cung tao ra nhiing kho khan nhdt dinh cho cdc em SV trong qua trinh hpc tap.
Cung vai do, SV nam thii nhdt phdi lam quen vai qud trinh hpc tap xa nhd va phai tu lap trong cupe s6ng hdng ngay cung dd anh huong dSn kit qua hpc tap noi chung vd kit qud ve NLTH noi neng eua SV.
2.5. Ket qua khao sat giang vien ve mule tfo can thiet eua viec xay diTng tai lieu tiT hpc trong day hpc cac hpc phan Hoa hpc dai ci/ting cho sinh vien SU pham Hod hpc
Khao sdt ve miic dp can thiet eua viec xay dung tdi lieu tu hpc trong day hpc cac hgc phan HHDC cho SV Su pham Hod hgc chiing toi thu dugc ket qua trinh bay trong Bdng 4 duai day (xem Bdng 4):
Bdng 4: Y ki^n eua GV ve miic dp can thiet eua viec xay di/ng tar lieu tir hpc trong day hpc cdc hpc phin HHDC cho SV Sir pham Hoa hpc
HOP Rat can thiet Can thift it can thiet Tong
8 26 1 35
22,9 74,3 2,9 100
22,9 74,3 2,9 100
22,9 97,1
too
Theo kit qud tir Bdng 3 cho thdy da s5 GV danh gid
Theo kit qua tir Bang 4 cho thdy, da s6 GV (97,1%) cho rdng rdt cdn thiit va can thiet xay dung tai lieu tu hpc trong day hpc cdc hoc phdn HHDC cho SV Su pham Hod hoc, chi CO 2,9% GV lua chpn o miic dp it cdn thiet. Ket qud tren cho thdy nhu cdu vi tdi lieu tu hpc cho SV ciia GV dang day hpc cac hpc phdn HHDC rdt Ion. Do do, viec xay dung tai lieu tu hgc cac hpc phdn HHDC la rat cdn thiet cho GV trong qud trinh day hpc hien nay. Ben canh do, khi duoc hoi vl cdc yeu cdu cdn ddm bdo doi voi tdi lieu tu hgc HHDC, 100% GV cho rdng tdi li?u tu hpc HHDC cdn ddm bdo cdc nguyen tde sau: Ddm bdo tinh muc rieu; Dinh huong phat triin NLTH cho SV: Npi dung chinh xac, khoa hpc, phong phu, bam sat de cucmg inon hpc cdc hpc phdn HHDC; Cdu tnic logic, ti?n Ipi yd dl sir dung; Phil hop vai kha nang ty hpc eua nhieu d6i tugng SV; Hinh thiic d?p. hip ddn. kich thich dugc hiing thu, nilm say me hpc tap ciia S\*,
S6l6lhang4/2019 21
NGHllNCOrULfLUAN
Bing 5: Y kien ciJa GV danh gia miic 46 can thiet ciJa vipc sii dung mot so hipn phap lie phit trien NLTH cho SV trong d w hoc cic hpc phan HHCC
Bien phap
Sii dyng tdi lieu ty hpc theo phifdng phdp nghien cilu Vdn dung phuong phdp xemina
Van dyng PPDH theo h(jp dfing
% MUC M e a n t R i t can thiet
28,6 22,9 11.4
hi«l Can thiet
71,4 77,1 37,1
it c i n thiet 0 0 34,3
Binh IhilJing
0 0 17,2
Kl 0 0 0 S^ dung bat t^p trong day hgc
Xay dung Vtl sir dung webste ho tro vifc W hoc cho SV 94,3 48,5
5,7 51,5
0 0
0 0
0 0
2.6. Ket qua khao sat ve mu!c dp can thiet eua viec sii dung mpt sd bien phap de phat trien nang Ipc tU hpc cho sinh vien trong day hpc cac hpc phan Hoa hoc dai cPPng Khdo sat v6 miic dg can thiet ciia vi?c sir dung mpt so bi?n phdp de phdt triSn NLTH cho SV Su pham Hod hgc trong day hpc cac hpc phan HHDC, chiing toi thu dupe ket qud trinh bdy trong Bdng 5 duai ddy (xem Bdng 5):
Theo ket qua ciia so lieu a Bang 5 cho thay cdc bien phdp:
Sii dung tai li^u tu hpc theo phuang phap nghien cuu; Sii dgng phuang phdp xemina; Xdy dyng vd sir dyng website hh trp vi^c ty hpc cho S V dupe G V danh gia co tinh cdn thiet cao trong qud trinh day hpc cdc hpc phdn HHDC de phdt triin NLTH cho SV Su pham Hod hpc (100% GV cho rdng rdt can thiet vd can thiet). Day Id nhimg bien phdp phu hgp vai doi tugng SV, ddc biet voi sy phdt trien nhanh eua cong ngh? thong tin va truyen thong trong giai doan hien nay sg tao dieu kien thudn Igi de GV sii dung website ho trg qud trinh ty hpc, tir do phdt trien NLTH cho SV Su pham Hoa hpc Ben canh do, bien phap sit dung PPDH theo hgp dong trong day hpc cdc hpc phdn HHDC de phdt triin NLTH cho SV dugc GV danh gia a miic do cdn thiet thdp hon cac bien phdp tren (48,5% GV rang rat cdn thiet vd can ttiiet; 41,5%i GV lua chgn a miic do it can thiet va binh thuang) do day hpc theo hgp d6ng la mpt trong nhung PPDH mai, GV con chua ndm ro bdn chdt vd quy trinh to chiic day hpc, chua dp dung nhieu trong day hgc. Tuy nhien, day hgc theo hgp dong Id PPDH tich eye, phdt huy tinh dpc ldp va khd nang hpp tde ciia SV. Do do, GV cdn su dyng phuang phdp day hgp dong trong day hgc cac hgc phan HHDC nhdm ddp img nhu cau phdn hod ve nhip dp hgc tap, phdt huy tinh chu dpng, sang tao va phat trien NLTH cho SV.
2.7. Nhdng thuan Ipi va kho khdn khi sDr dung cac phUdng phap d^y hpc tich cue trong day hpc cac hpc phan Hoa hpc dai CUdng de phat trien nang lUc tU hpc cho sinh vien Khdo sat GV ve nhihig thudn Igi vd kho khdn khi sii dyng cdc PPDH tich eye trong d^y hpc cdc hpc phdn HHDC dl phdt triin NLTH cho SV chung toi thu dugc kit qua sau day:
- ThuSn Ipi: Qua trinh van dyng cdc PPDH tich eye trong
day hgc cdc hgc phdn HHDC co mgt s6 dieu ki^n thuan Igi nhu: SV co kha nang ty hpc; Cdc tiet hpc thuang dugc bl tri gdn nhau tao dieu ki?n thuan Igi trong qua trinh t6 chuc cdc hoat dpng hpc tap cho SV; Dieu ki?n v6 co so v^it chat (may tinh, may chilu,...) dupe trang bi khd ddy dii, ddp img nhu cau day va hpc ciia GV va SV.
' Kh6 Ithdn: Ben c^nh nhimg dieu ki^n thudn tgi tren, khi van dung cdc PPDH tich cue de to chiic d^y hpc, GV con gap mpt s6 kho khdn nhu sau: 1/ So lugng SV trong mOt 16p Icfn; 2/Trinh dg SV trong lop khong dong deu; 3/ SV chua chii dgng trong ty hpc a nhd (lucri hpc); 4/ Chua c6 nhieu tai li?u huong ddn SV ty hpc, vi?c xay dyng tai li?u ty hpc cho SV gap nhieu kho khdn vd mat nhieu thdi gian; 5/ Kho trao doi, kiem soat va ddnh gid viec tu hpc a nha ciia SV.
De khac phuc nhung kho khdn tren thi vi^c nghiSn ciiu xay dung va sii dyng tdi lipu ty hpc theo cdc phuang phdp vd ki thuat dgy hpc tich eye co y nghia quan trgng. Ddc bi?t, vi?c xay dung vd sir dyng website ho trg qud trinh ty hgc cho SV se giiip SV CO the tiep can nguon tai li?u ty hgc ti?n Igi, de dang a mgi Iiic, mpi noi. SV co kha ndng tuang tac, trao doi vai cdc SV khdc hay voi GV nhieu han. Han niia, GV co the kiem soat qua trinh ty hpc eua SV thong qua vi?c trien khai nhiem vu hpc tap true tuyen tren trang web, trao doi vd h6 trg SV h-ong qud trinh hpc tdp tir d6 ndng cao ket qua ciia qua trinh day hgc.
Ngodi ra, de ndng cao hi^u qud khi dp dyng cdc PPDH tich eye trong day hpc cdc hpc phdn HHDC, GV cdn giup SV nhdn thiic dugc vai tro ciia ban thdn trong qud trinh hpc tap. Cdc em cdn xac djnh r6 rang muc dich, dpng co hpc tap, hpc CO chpn Igc, hgc co dam me vd hgc c6 qud trinh, tu d6 hinh thdnh thoi quen ty hpc va hgc tip t(ch eye. Dilu A6 rdt quan h-gng, n6 giup cho qud trinh hgc tdp, ddc bift la t\f hgc diln ra lien tyc va Idu dai. Mdt khdc, SV cdn ndng cao nang lyc tri Uip va tu duy, lya chgn phuang phdp hgc tdp, xay dyng kl hoach hpc tdp hgp li dl qud trinh hpc tip. dJc bipt qud trinh ty hgc dat hipu qud cao.
GV vai vai tro Id ngudi to chirc, huong dan SV trong qua trinh hgc tdp. Trong dgy hgc cac hgc phdn HHDC, GV CID chu y mpt so ngi dung sau:
- Thucmg xuyen nang cao chdt lugng bdi gidng, thi bipr 22 TAP CHI KHOA HOC GIAO DUC VIET NAM
d npi dung hpc thudt vd tinh cdp nhdt eua kien thiic chuyen mon cung nhu thyc tien.
- Ap dyng t6t cdc PPDH tich cue, phii hgp vai dac thii mdn hpc vd khai thac co hieu qud cac phuong tipn dgy hpc hi^n dpi. Cdn tdng cuong day SV each hpc va kilm tra sdt sao vi^c ty hpc eua SV.
- Tdng cu£rag to chirc cho SV thdo luan, dam bao du thai lirpng theo quy dinh eua chuang trinh. Trong thdo luan, thuylt hinh, GV khuyin khich SV chdt vdn, tranh lugn vd 16i cuin sy tham gia d6ng ddo eua SV, c6 nhdn xet, ddnh gia tinh thdn Idm vipc, chat lugng bdi thdo luan, thuyet trinh,...
Ichich 1?, dpng vien diing miic, tao dpng luc de gia tang tinh than hpc t|p cho SV.
- Tich cue huong dan SV viet tieu luan mon hgc, Idm cdc bai t(ip Icm. De lam tieu luan va cdc bai tap Ian, SV phai thu th$p va xii If thflng tin, phdi dgc, phdi viet, nghia la phdi sii dpig cdc phuong phdp hgc tap va nghien ciiu khoa hgc, qua d6 gop phdn ndng cao NLTH.
- Tgo humg thii vd tmyin dam me trong hgc tap, nghien cihi cho SV. Dong thdi, chu dong vd tich cue huong dan SV t\f hpc, ty nghien cira. Ddy la mpt trong nhiing nhiem vu md GV phdi thyc hi?n khi dp dyng hinh thiic dao tao theo tin chi.
- Ddnh gid ket qud hpc tap ciia SV theo qud trinh, gom dinh gid thong qua quan sat cac hoat dpng ciia SV tren I6p, gidm sdt qud trinh ty hpc 6 nha vd qua cdc bdi tieu luan, bdi thi, kiem ha danh gid dinh ki.
Ngodi ra, dl phdt trien NLTH cho SV, GV cdn phdi hgp thpc hi^n v<yi khoa va nhd truong trong viec to chiic cdc h^i thao khoa hgc, cdc buoi tpa dam xoay quanh van de nfing cao NLTH cho SV. Qua do, giup SV co thi hpc hoi dugc cdc phuong phdp, kinh nghiem hpc tap vd van dyng v^ qud trinh ty hgc ciia bdn thdn. Dong thai, tiep tuc xdy d\fag, phdt trien cac website hgc tap va he thong hpc true hiyen cd ve n^i dung va hinh thiic, bao dam tinh chinh xac, h? thong, I6gic, phong phu va cap nhat, nang cao khd ndng
^^ %i gidng dgy dya tren nen tang cong nghe thong tin.
Be thu hiit nhieu SV hon tham gia vao website hpc tap, GV can sir dyng cdc cau hoi, bai tap mang tinh thach thiic, to chiic nhttng cuOc thi tren website va co nhirng phan thucmg de khich 1^, dpng vi6n SV trong qud trinli hpc tdp va ren luy§n bdn than.
Nguyin Thj Thu Lan, Oao Thi V i ^ Anh, Chu van TiSm
Mdt khac, SV cdn dugc nha trucmg tang cucmg h6 trg v^
tdi lieu hgc tap bdng cdch tilp tuc phat trien hp thong thu vipn dpc va thu vien online vcri nguon tai lieu phong phu, cap nhat, khai thdc thudn tien va de dang, ddp iing dugc nhu cdu hpc tdp ciia SV. Tdt ca nhirng dilu ndy sg tao ra mgt moi truimg thudn loi cho hogt dpng ty hpc, ty nghien ciiu eua SV, thu hut hp din voi khong gian hpc tgp, nghien ciru ciia nhd truong nhieu hem, qua do gop phdn ndng cao NLTH cho SV.
2.8. Up tin cay eua thang do
Chiing toi tiln hdnh kilm tra dp tin cdy eua thang do thong qua h? so Cronbach's Alpha, kit qua thu dugc nhu sau (xem Bdng 6):
Bdng 6: Dp tin cdy eua thang do
.844 27
Theo ket qud eua Bang 6, he so Cronbach's Alpha = 0,844
> 0,6. Ddy Id chi so Alpha tot cho phep khang djnh thang do CO dp tin cay, cdc ket qud tren phdn dnh dugc thyc trgng phdt trien NLTH cho SV Su pham Hoa hpc thong qua dgy hpc cdc hpe phdn HHDC o cdc truang DH hien nay.
3. Ket lu#n
Ket qud nghien ciiu ve thyc trang phdt trien NLTH cho SV Su phgm Hoa hpc thong qua day hpc cdc hpc phdn HHDC cho thdy GV da co nhirng nhan thiic diing ddn vl tdm quan trgng ciia viec phdt trien NLTH cho SV GV ddnh gid NLTH khi hgc cdc hgc phdn HHDC eua SV a miic dg trung binh. Nhom nghien cuu de xudt mpt so bi?n phap sir dyng dl phdt triin NLTH cho SV frong t6 chiic dgy hpc cac hgc phdn HHDC g6m: Sii dyng tai lipu tu hpc theo phuong phdp nghien ciiu; Van dung phuong phdp xemina;
Van dyng PPDH theo hgp d6ng; Sii dung bdi tap trong dgy hpc; Xdy dung va sii dyng website h6 trg vipc ty hgc cho SV. Mat khac, nghien ciiu con chi ra mpt so thuan Igi vd kho khdn ma GV gap phdi khi sii dyng cdc PPDH tich eye h-ong qud trinh t6 chirc day hgc cac hpc phdn HHDC de phdt triin NLTH cho SV.
Tii It^u tham khdo
[I] Trdn Thi Tuylt Hong, (2008), Bien phdp qudn li hoat dgng tu hpc cda sinh vien Truang Dgi hoc Su pham kT ihugt Nam Djnh. Ludn v5n Thac si Quan li Gido dye.
[2] V6 Quang Phuc, (2001), Mdt s6 vdn di vS tifhqc, Trudng Cdn bp Quan li Gido due - Ddo tao II, Thanh pho Ho Chi Minh.
P] Nguyin Cdnh Toan, (1999), Lugn bdn vd kinh nghiem tu hgc, NXB Gido dgc. Hd Npi.
HI Nguyen Cdnh Todn, (1997), Qud trinh dgy - tuhgc, NXB Gido dye, Hd Npi.
[5] Thdi Duy Tuyen, (2003), Dgy tu hgc cho sinh vien trong
nhd trudng cao ddng dai hgc chuyen nghi4p, Chuyen de phuang phdp day hpc cho hpc vien cao hpc, Dgi hpc Hue [6] Nguyin Lang Binh (chu bien). Do Hircmg Trd, Nguyen Phuang H6ng. Cao Thi ThSng, (2010), Dgy hgc tich cue.
Mot s6 phuang phdp vd kT thugt dgy hgc. NXB Dgi hpc Suphgm Ha Noi.
[7] Duong Huy Can. (2012), Bdi dudng nang luc tu hgc cho sinh vien ngdnh Suphgm Hda hgc Truang Dgt hgc [>6ng Thdp, D I tai khoa hpc va cong ngh? cap co so, Trudng Dgi hpc Dong Thap.
[8] Nguyen Thj Xuan Thuy, (2012), Ren luy^n kT ndng m hgc
S6 16 thing 4/2019
NGHIEN CQULfLUAN
cho sinh vien dap ung yeu cdu ddo tgo theo hgc chi tin chi. Tgp chi Giao dgc, Bp Gido dgc va Dao tgo, S6 3 (S6 dgc biet), y.l01-l08.
[9] Bp Gido dye vd Dao tgo, (2017), Chuang trinh gido d{ic pho thong tong thi. Ha Npi.
[10] Le Thi Mioh Loan, (2009), Anh hudng ciia phuang phdp
gidng day din himg thu hgc tgp ciia sinh vien Truang Dgi hgc Khoa hgcXa hgi va Nhan ^an. Tgp chi Tam li hpc, S6 3, tr.29-35.
[11] U. Thj My Trd, (2015), Phuang hudng ndng cao nang luc tlf hgc. tu nghien dm cho sinh vien. Tgp chi Khoa h o c Tmdng Dgi hpc D6ng Thap, So 16. tr.67-72.
THE STATUE OF DEVELOPING SELF STUDY ABILITY
FOR CHEMICAL PEDAGOGICAL UNIVERSITY STUDENTS THROUGH TEACHING GENERAL CHEMICAL COURSES
Nguyen Thi Thu L a n \ Dao Thi Viet Anh^ Chn Van Tiem^
' Email: [email protected] 2 Email. daothlvietanh@hpu2,edu,vr ' Email chuvantiemsp2@gmail,com Hanoi Pedagogical University 2 32 Nguyen Van Linh, Xuan Hoa ward, Phuc Yen city, Vinh Phjc pmvince, Vietnam
ABSTRACT: For students' learning process in general and specifically, for Chemical Pedagogy students, self study plays a very important role. Self study ability is the prerequisite factor which determines learning and training quality since it motivates autonomy and knowledge possessing in students.
Thus, training and developing students' self study (NLTH) is a hard job in training process for university students. This article will analyze the statue about: 1/ Teaching methods lecturers used In teaching general chemical courses (HHDC) to develop NLTH; 2/ The level of importance in designing self study materials in teaching HHBC for chemical pedagogy students; 3/
The level of essence in using some positive teaching methods in teaching HHDC to develop NLTH for students; 4/ Assess NLTH in HHDC of chemical pedagogy students; 5/ Advantages and disadvantages of using positive teaching methods in teaching HHDC to develop NLTH for students.
KEYWORDS: Ability selt study; Assessment of self - learning ability; General Chemistry;
Chemical Pedagogy.
24 TAP CHI KHOA HQC GlAO DUG W NAM
