Tgp chi KHOA HOC DHSP TPHCM Nguyin Thi Be Ba
"^ DINH HirdNG PHAT TRIEN CO Sd VAT CHAT KI THUAT DU LICH VUNG DONG BANG SONG CUTU LONG
NGUYEN TH! B^ BA' TOM TAT
Co sd vdt chdt ki thugt (CSVCKT) du lich Id mgt phdn quan trgng cua he thdng ldnh tho du Hch. Gdp phdn khai thdc hiiu qud tdi nguyen du lich vd thda mdn nhu cdu du khdch. Hien tgi, CSVCKT du lich d Ddng bang sdng Cuu Long (DBSCL) dang ngdy cdng dugc cdi thien, tgo tien de cho su phdt triin mgnh me cua du Uch trong tuang lai. Tuy nhien, do muc do ddu tu thiet bi vd tien nghi chua hien dgi, he thdng dich vu bo sung dan di?u, ngheo ndn nen chua ddp ung nhu cdu khdch du lich cd thu nhdp cao vd quoc te. Viec tim dinh hudng tot, gidi phdp ddng bd hodn thien CSVCKT se thuc ddy du Uch viing phdt trien nhanh vd ben vung.
Tie khda: Dong bang s6ng Curu Long, co sd vat chat ki thuat du lich, co sd luu tni.
ABSTRACT
Orientation for touristic technical infrastructure development in the Mekong Delta Touristic technical infrastructure is an essential part of the system of touristic territory, contributing to effective exploitation of tourism resources and meeting the needs of tourists. Currently, the touristic technical infrastructure in the Mekong Delta is being improved, laying the foundation for the strong growth of tourism in the future. However, due to the lack of investment in modern equipment and facilities, and simple additional services, the needs of high-income and international tourists have not been met. Good orientation and synchronization of technical infrastructure will boost tourism in the region.
Keywords: Mekong Delta, touristic technical infraslructure, tourist guest houses.
1. D^t van de dang va phong phii, nhu; Ll hpi Ba Chiia d vj tri t|n cung Td quic, DBSCL Xii, Choi Chnam Thmay, Dua bd bdy Id vimg ddt dupe thien nhien uu dai vdi niii, Ddn ca tai tii... la dilu kien tdt nhdt ngudn tai nguyen da dang va phong phii, de tao san phdm du Hch dac trung cho d§c bi?t Id tai nguyen du lich tu nhien, vung. Nam 2012, nganh du lich DBSCL nhu: he sinh thdi dat ngap nude (Ddng da ddn tilp gdn 20 trieu lugt khach, trong Thdp Mudi), riing ngap man (Ca Mau) va dd co hon 1,6 trieu khach qude te vd 18,4 h$ sinh thdi biln - ddo (Rach Gia - Ha trieu khdch ndi dja, tong doanh thu dat Tien Phii Quoc). Ben canh do, tai 4344 ti ddng [2]. Nhin chung, tilm ndng nguyen du Hch nhan vdn cung hit siic da du lich DBSCL rat Idn, toe dp phdt trien ' NCS, Trudng Ogi hpc Su- phgm TPHCM
Tap chi KHOA HOC DHSP TPHCM SS 63 nam 2014
va thu hiit khach du lich ngay cang tang.
Tuy nhien, do dilu kien kinh t l ciing vdi nhu cau ngay cang cao cua khach du lich ma dilu kien vl CSVCKT cua vung cdn chua tuang xiing. Vin de dat ra la phai thuc Men danh gia thuc trang va tim kilm cac dinh hudng thich hgp, each khai thac cd hieu qua nhat CSVCKT du lich cua vimg trong mdi quan he ciia vimg vdi su phat trien kinh te xa hgi cua ca nude.
2. Thirc tr^ng cff so vat chit kl thuat du lich vung dong bang song Cihi Long
CSVCKT du lich ddng vai trd hit siic quan trgng trong qua trinh tao va sii dung san phim du lich ciing nhu quyet dinh miic do khai thac tilm nang du lich.
Vi thi, thuc trang phat frien cila CSVCKT du lich d DBSCL ciing danh gia dugc phin nao su phat triln du lich cung nhu su phat friln kinh tl cua ca vimg. Nhiing nam gin day, he thdng CSVCKT du lich d DBSCL khdng ngimg dugc md rdng va nang cap.
2.1. Cas&lwutrii
Co sd luu tni la tien nghi quan trgng khdng the thieu cua mdi dilm du lich va thucmg chiem ti trgng Idn vdn dau tu. Co sd luu tni rit da dang va phong phii ve loai Mnh, quy md nhim dap ling nhu cau cua cac thi trudng khach du Ijch khac nhau. Viec phat triln cac loai hinh CO sd luu tni khdng nhiing tao net dgc dao cho khu du lich ma cdn nang cao hieu qua kinh tl va hieu qua diu tu.
He thdng ca sd luu tni cua DBSCL da phat frien vdi toe do nhanh, ddng thdi ciing khdng ngimg nang cip, xay mdi
khach san, nha .nghi phuc vu du khach, dac biet la tii nam 2005 frd lai day. Nlu nhu nam 2005, toan DBSCL mdi cM co 710 ca sd luu frii vdi tdng cgng 14.394 budng, thi din nam 2008, sd ca sd luu tni du lich fren dia ban tang len 814 co so vdi 16.508 budng; trong dd cd 4 khach san 4 sao, 15 khach san 3 sao, 54 khach san 2 sao, 88 khach san 1 sao va nhieu co sd khdng xip hang khac, tap trung nhilu nhat d Kien Giang (25%) va Cin Tho (20%). Cdng suit sir dung trung binli khdng cao, khoang 57% [1]. Tinh din nam 2013, DBSCL da cd 1119 ca sdvdi 23.083 budng cd the cho thue luu tni, co kha nang ddn tdi da 6,2 trieu khach frong 365 ngay, binh quan 20 phdng/co sd luu tru, cd 2 co sd luu tni 5 sao la Salinda Primium Resort and Spa va The shells Resort and Spa (Phu Qude) da boat dgng va 1 CO sd 5 sao dang dugc xay dung la Muong Thanh (Cin Tha), cd 39 co so luu tni tit 3 4 sao vdi 1248 budng (chiem 1,6% sd co sd luu tni vk 4,9% so phdng so vdi khu vuc). Trong dd, co khoang 574 ca sd cd the dap ling phuc vu hgi nghi, hdi thao va cdn din 656 eo sir luu tni vdi 11.334 phdng chua dugc xip hang. Su phan bd cac co sd luu tni cr DBSCL la khdng diu nhau, hiu hit cac khach san diu tap trung d mgt sd dja phuemg, nhu: Cin Tha cd 186 khach san, Kien Giang cd 230 khach san (rieng Phii Qude cd 40 khach san tit 2 sao trd len), Tiln Giang cd 113 khach san. An Giang cd 94 khach san, Ca Mau cd 85 khach san. Sd khach san duoc xip hang 3 - 4 sao chi chilm khoang 2% co sd lim titl, 92
Tgp chi KHOA HQC OHSP TPHCM Nguyen ThiBeBa
5% so phdng vd 6% sd giudng so vdi tong so, trong dd cd 4 khach san 4 sao ndm d Cdn Tho, An. Giang cd 1 khach san, Kien Giang cd 11 khach san (trong do Phii Qude cd 10 khach san 4 sao) [2].
Ddc bipt, loai hinh lim tni tai nha dan, luu tni trong nha cd, nha d sinh thai, du thuyin lim tni... la hinh thiic mdi kha hdp ddn, chinh thuc di vao hoat ddng d DBSCL tu nam 2006. Lo£ii hinh nay tap
trung nhieu d nhiing vung khong dii dilu kien de xay dung khdch san, nha nghi, nha hang, hay qudn an phue vu nhu can khach du lich. Khdch du lich se duac bd tri den d mpt nhd dan tai dia phuang, dupe an, nghi va tham gia cac cdng viec trong gia dmh cilng nhu cae le hdi ciia dja phuang. Loai hinh luu tni nay phan bd nhieu d Tien Giang, Vinh Long, Cdn Tho, Ben Tre, An Giang...
Biiu do cdc cff sde luu tru tgi DBSCL giai doan 2005-2012
25000 -^^^ - ^Cffsd " M d i f —— 23083 20000
15000 13340—
10000
SOOO
13MU ,281J
2005
Ve chdt lupng. cac co sd luu trii d DBSCL dupe nang din tren cac mat vl ti^n nghi phuc vu vd cae dich vu bd trp khdc. Cac budng phong da dat tieu chuan chat lupng va ve sinh theo tieu chi xep h^g ddnh gid ca sd luu tni cua Bd Van h6a Thi thao va Du lich. Viec phat trien cdc ca sd luu tni cd sy bien ddi ve chdt lupng theo hudng tang cao ti trpng cdc co sd djch vy du Hch cao cap, so lupmg khdch s ^ nghi dudng cao edp ngay cang tdng, k6o theo dd la vipe tap trung ddu tu
Ngudn: [2]
he thing co sd luu tni de phuc vu nguon khdch cd thu nhap cao. Thdi diem gdn ddy, DBSCL da co nhilu dy dn ddu tu xdy dyng cdc resort, cac khach san 5 sao d Cdn Tho, Kien Giang... Tuy nhien, nhin ehung, co sd luu tni phuc vu khdch din DBSCL cdn thilu cac khdch san, khu nghi dudng cao cap. Da sd la co sd luu tni quy md nhd, s6 lugng cung nhu chdt lugng phong nghi chua dat chuan. Moi khi dua khach du Ijch qua day, cong ti du lich rdt khd bd tri noi nghi ngoi dap ung
Tap chi KHOA HQC DHSP TPHCM SS 63 nam 2014
I
yeu ciu ciia khach. Nhiing han che dd da anh hudng din viec thu hiit du khach den tham quan, ciing nhu khdng keo dai thdi gian luu tni cua khach. Thuc tl, kM cd cac su kien Idn diln ra fren dia ban, nMeu doan khach VIP tim din nghi duong d DBSCL, cac khach san quy md nhd ciing gap khd khan trong viec ap dung cdng nghe quan li khach san Men dai. Viec kilm ke, danh gia he thdng ca sd lim tni tren dia ban cimg cdng tac quan li ca sd luu tni d timg tinh va toan vimg chua dugc coi trgng, cac co sd luu tni thudng tu phat. Da sd cac ca sd luu tni la eua tu nhan, tap trung chu yeu d eac trung tam dd thi... Dac biet, cac dich vu phu trg nhu: be boi, xdng hoi, massage, spa, tennis... tai cac khach san, nha nghi cdn ban ehe. Van de vf sinh tai co sd luu tni dang rit cin duge quan tam. Ngoai ra cdn nhieu han che ve ngudn nhan luc, trinh do quan li, dao tao ngudn nhan luc phuc vu ciia mdt sd khach san xa trung tam, khach san cd quy md nhd, co sd luu tni tai nha dan va cac co sd luu tni trong khu du lich sinh thai chua dam bao tieu chuan, chua dap ling dugc nhu ciu hgi nhap.
2.2. Cff sddn uong
Ciing vdi su gia tang nhanh khach du lich va cac ca sd luu tni d vimg du lich DBSCL, he thdng cac ca sd an udng noi day rit da dang va phong phu. Toan viing cd khoang 343 ca sd an udng da dugc khai thac phuc vu tdt cho du ljeh [2]. Cac CO sd nay nam trong va ngoai cac CO sd luu tni, tap trung ehu ylu tai cac trung tam thanh phd. Cu thi, sd
lugng nha hang cua mdt sd tinh DBSCL nhu sau: Ca Mau (31 nha hang), Bac Lieu (27 nha hang), Cin Tha (42 nha hang), Tiln Giang (13 nha hang tjp trung d My Tho), An Giang (34 nha hang), va hang tram co sd an udng chua dugc khai thac tdt hoac mdi dugc khai thac mot phin nim rai rac tai cac tinh d DBSCL [2].
Cac CO sd an udng ngoai khach san trong nhiing nam qua cung da phat trien nhanh, phong phii, da dang vdi cac loai hinh CO sd an udng nhu nha hang thiic an nhanh, diem tam, ty chpn... da bdt ddu phat ^ien. Cac mdn an ngay cang dgc dao va hdp din khach du lich npi dja va qude te. Tai Can Tha, Tien Giang, An Giang, Kien Giang, Ca Mau... cd cdc nha hang phuc vu dac san cua timg tinh, hinh thiic phuc vu va dieu kien trang thiet bj la tdt nhat so vdi eac dia phuang khac trong vung. Nhimg ca sd an udng phuc vu dac san dia phuang co the ke den nhu: Banh xeo Mudi Xiem, Lau mam Mien Tay, Lau rieu cua ddng... Ngoai ra, cdn co cac nha hang phuc vu cac mdn an chi biln tii dac san ciia rimg, cua sdng nude ma thien nhien da ban tang cho con ngudi, nhu:
mat ong, ca, tdm, cua, rua, ran, hoa mau, cay an trai, cac loai chim mudng... thii nao cGng phong phii va da dang. Nhiing he thdng nha hang dac san nay cd d khap vung.
Net ddc dao cung la the manh cua am thyc vung DBSCL la viec phuc vy §n udng trong khu du lich sinh thdi hay tai cac vudn trai cdy phuc vu du lich, tr£n du thuyin... thudng diing chdt lieu tre, niia, 94
Tap chi KHOA HOC DHSP TPHCM Nguyen ThiBeBa
la dira, Idng den, den dng tre td diem net dpc ddo cho khdng gian am thyc mien song nude; nhdn vien phyc vu mac ao ba ba vdi nhilu mau sdc, qudn khan rdn nhdm tao sy ding nhdt cho toan bd khong gian dm thyc. Thiic an thi thudng la dac san ciia vung sdng nude. Ngoai dac san trdi ngon cdn phai ke den cac mdn an dan da miet vudn nhu ca Ide nudng ket hgp banh trdng, bdng siing, bdng dien dien, ca linh non...
Tuy nhien, tai cac nha hang, cac co sd dn uong, dich vu am thyc nhieu nai vin dan dieu, ngheo nan, trung lap, chua CO nhiing mdn an ddc ddo, hdp dan de lai an tupng cho du khdch sau khi thudng diiic. Dpi ngii phyc vy thieu ve so lugng, phong cdch, tac phong cdn chua chuyen nghidp. Phan Idn nhdn vien phuc vu chua qua Idp dao tao nghiep vu le tan, phuc vu buing phong. An ninh trat ty tai mdt s6 nha nghi, khdch san tu nhdn chua bao dam, khdng it Idn xdy ra nhung vy viec thieu ldnh manh. Mdt van de can dugc quan tam hang ddu trong nhiing nam gan day Id van dl chua ddm bao ve sinh an toan thuc pham. Mdt so co sd (dac biet Id cac ca sd tu nhan) cdn budng Idng viec quan li, kiem tra ve sinh thyc pham, dd uong, gia ca cdn tuy tien... Tinh trang huong Idng quan li ve sinh an udng, ve sinh thuc phdm d cdc co sd an uong, co so phyc vu eac ddi tugng khach du lich n$i dia, khdch du ljeh nude ngodi cd miic ti6u diing thdp, ldm cho djch vy an udng ciia viing DBSCL bi han chi, cham ddi mdi, khong dap ling ddi hdi ciia khach du Ijch cung nhu yeu cau phdt trien du lich
cua vung.
2.3. Khu du Uch, vui chai, gidi tri Toan vimg hien cd khoang han 200 khu [2], diem du Hch dugc dua vao ddu tu khai thac, kinh doanh phuc vu tham quan, vui choi giai tri ciia du khdch, cd the ke den nhu: Khu du lich Nhd Mdt (Bac Lieu); di tich kien tnic nghe thuat chiia Mahatup - Chua Dai (phudng 3, thanh phd Soc Trang, tinh Soc Trang);
khu lang mieu Niii Sam, bao gom Idng Thoai Nggc Hau va mieu Ba Chiia Xii (phudng Niii Sam, thi xa Chdu Doc, tinh An Giang); diem du Ijch Cdn Phyng (xa Tan Thanh, huyen Chdu Thanh, tmh Ben Tre); diem du lich sinh thai Ho Nam (phudng 1, thanh phd Bac Lieu, tinh Bac Lieu) va khu luu niem co nhac si Cao Van Lau (phudng 2, thdnh phd B^c Lieu, tinh Bac Lieu); di tich lich su dia diem Nha tii Phii Quoc (xa An Thdi, huyen Phii Qude, tinh Kien Giang) va diem du lich Mui Nai (phudng Phdo Dai, thi xa Ha Tien, tinh Kien Giang), cum du Hch sinh thai Thdi Son (Tien Giang) va lang du lich My Khanh (Can Tho). Trong Dy thao chien lupc va quy hoach phdt trien du Hch den 2020 cung dinh hudng tren lanh Ihl vimg DBSCL co tilm nang phdt triln 3 khu va 6 diem du lich quoc gia, gIm cac khu vyc; miet vudn Thdi San;
biln, ddo Phu Quic; rung ngap man Ndm Can; khu sinh thai ddt ngap nude Lang Sen, Ddng Thdp Mudi; thi xa Ha Tien;
vudn quoc gia Tram Chim; Nui Sam; cii lao Ong Hd. Nhin chung, da so cac khu du lich, vui choi, giai tri d day thudng cd quy md nho, dan dieu..., cdc khu du lich
Tap chi KHOA HOC OHSP TPHCIVI SS 63 nam 2014
va khu vui choi giai fri tdng hgp cd quy md Idn cdn it va chua ddng bd.
v l the thao, vui choi, giai tri khac d DBSCL cung cd rat nhieu ca sd: khoang 34 trung tam the thao, 1694 co sd massage, 746 spa dang ki boat ddng, tren 50 vii trudng dang boat ddng, 195 cau lac bd dem, 17 nha hat [2]. Ngoai ra, cdn rat nhieu cac tien nghi khac nhu: be bcri, san tennis, casino, nha hat, rap chieu phim..., cac tien ngM nay gdp phan tao nen su h^p dan, thu hiit du khach va keo dai thdi gian luu tni, khuyen khich du khach cM tieu. Nhung frong thdi gian qua, viec phat trien cac tien nghi the thao va vui chai giai tri ciing nhu cac boat ddng tieu khiln khac d cac khu du lich DBSCL cdn rit han che, hau nhu ehi dimg d cac hoat ddng karaoke, massage, boi ldi va tennis, cac diem tham quan va boat ddng tieu khien cung cdn thilu.
Viec quan tam dung miic tdi cac khu du lich, loai hinh vui choi giai tri thu hiit khach du lich, keo dai thdi gian luu trii ddi vdi khach la mgt trong nhirng ylu td de tao ngudn vdn diu tu phat triln du lich trong vung, ddng thdi cdn la dilu kien thu hiit khach du ljeh hi cac noi lan can den vimg.
2.4. Ca sd ha ting giao thong phuc vu du lich
So vdi tinh hinh chung eua ca nude, vimg DBSCL cd he thdng giao thdng dac thii, bi chia cat bdi nhilu kenh rach chlng chit va nhieu sdng Idn. Tuy nhien, do dieu kien kinh tl - xa hdi phat triln tdt va su quan tam diu tu cua nha nude, nen be' thdng ha ting giao thdng dugc cai thien
frong thdi gian qua.
Ve giao thdng dudng bg, khu vuc DBSCL dugc xem la cd tilm nang rit Idn. Dudng bd cd tdng cdng 47.202 km, frong dd cd 1960 km qude Id, 3720 km tinh Id, 8402 km dudng huyen, 33.120 km ducmg xa. Hien nay, frong viing co cac qude Id 1, 50, 62, 30, 54, 57, 60, 61, 63, 80, 91, 91B; cac tuyin Nl, N2 va he thdng cae tinh Id, huyen Id. Nlu nhu tren ca nude, viec van chuyin hang hda bing dudng bd cMem 70% thi d cac tinh DBSCL ngugc lai, van tai thuy chiem toi 70% va dudng bg chi khoang 30% [1], [3]. He thdng giao thdng dudng thuy co tdng chieu dai tuyin sdng la 2035 km.
Hien tai frong vimg, cac tour du lich ducmg sdng da dugc khai thac tdt d cac dia phuang nhu Can Tha, Ca Mau, Kien Giang, Tiln Giang, Bin Tre, Soc Trang... Cac tuyen dudng sdng nay phat frien sang tan Cam-pu-chia. Ngoai ta, viing DBSCL cdn cd dudng bd biln dai tren 736 km, cd he thdng sdng, kenh rach ching chit vdi tdng chilu dai hem 28.000 km, trong dd cd 13.000 km cd kha nang khai thac van tai du ljeh sdng nude noi viing da Mnh thanh nhilu tour, myln phuc vu du lich tai cac dia phuemg nhu Kien Giang, Tra Vinh, Ca Mau... Dac biet la cac tour ndi liln Ca Mau, Kien Giang vdi cac dao cua viing DBSCL Hien nay, trong viing cd 4 san bay: 2 san bay qude te va 2 san bay ndi dia vdi difn tich va cdng suit tilp nhan khdch khic nhau. Trong dd chi cd san bay qu6c te Can Tha, Phii Qude cd kha nSng tilp nhan may bay cd Idn (tren 100 khdch), 96
Tgp chi KHOA HOC OHSP TPHCM Nguyen Thi Be Ba
cdc sdn bay ndi dia Ca Mau, Rach Gia cd dudng bang nhd, dilu kien kT thuat cung chua dap ling duge viec van hanh trong cac dieu kien phiic tap. Dudng sat la logi hinh cd y nghia quan trpng ddi vdi phat trien kinh te - xa hdi, tuy nhien, giao thong van tai bang dudng sat hien chua CO va chua du dieu kien thuan lgi de ddu tu phat trien [3]. Nhin chung, hS thdng giao thong cua vung tuang ddi tdt, ddm bao nhu cau di lai cua du khach den tat cd cdc dia phuang trong viing. Tuy nhien, chat lupng cac tuyen giao thdng bd edn kem, tuyen dudng nhd, hep, viec giao thong npi viing cdn han ehe, dac biet la tuyen noi giiia Ca Mau vdi Kien Giang, Dong Thap vdi An Giang... Giao thong dudng thiiy gap nhilu khd khan trong vi^c phuc vy du Hch vao miia lii. Giao thong dudng bien cdn chua dugc khai thac diing miic, miic do dam bao an toan ciia cac phuang tien van tdi chua cao; vi v^iy, vipe ddu tu diing mirc cho giao thdng van tdi cua DBSCL hien id vdn dl cap thilt.
2.5. Cdc tien nghi phuc vj/ khdc Dich vy buu dien tuong ddi phat trien, da hinh thanh dugc khoang 650 tdng dai di?n thoai cd dinh va tren 2 trieu thue bao (chi tinh dien thoai el djnh vd di d$ng tra sau). Da sOr dung va dua vao sii dyng 2700 dilm buu cue ciing gdn 100.000 thue bao internet khdp todn viing, gdp phdn cung edp tdt thdng tin lien l^c giiia cac edp va cdc nganh. Mang edp quang qude gia da phii kin mpi tinh thdnh trong vimg. Nhieu trung tdm thuong mai vd chg dupe xay dyng khdp
nai. Hien todn viing cd 25 trung tam thuang mai, 9 chg chuyen doanh, 3 chg bien gidi va cd gan 500 chg dupe xdy mdi, nang tdng sd chg hien ed la 1790 vd chiem tren 20% tong sd chg trong cd nude; trong dd, chg nong thon la 1290 (chiem gan 80%) dam bao 70 - 75% tdng muc luu chuyen hang hda trong [2].
Ngodi ra, trong vimg hien cd gdn 20 ngdn hang; Ngan hang Ndng nghiep va Phdt trien Ndng thdn Viet Nam (Agribank), Ngdn hang Dau tu vd Phdt trien Viet Nam (BIDV), Ngdn hdng Cdng thuang Viet Nam (Incombank), Ngdn hdng Phdt trien Viet Nam (VDB), Ngdn hang Chinh sdch xa hpi Viet Nam, Ngan hdng Phdt trien nhd Dong bang song Ciiu Long (MHB). Nai day cd han 150 doanh nghiep lu: hanh, cong ti du lich dang hoat dpng, trong do cd nhung edng ti Idn nhu:
CPDL Cdn Tho, CPDL Kien Giang, TNHH MTV Djch vy Lu hanh An Giang, Phuang Trang...[2]. Dieu nay gdp phdn thuan lgi cho viec tham quan, nhu cdu mua sdm va sii dung dich vu edn thiet ciia du khdch khi din DBSCL.
2.6. Ddnh gid chung ve thirc trgng xdy dung ca sd vgt chdt kt thugt du l/ch ding bang song Cuu Long
2.6.1. Lfudiim
He thdng CSVCKT du lich DBSCL dang dugc xay dung, nang edp, hodn thien trong toan viing. Ddc biet Id dupe chii trgng d cac khu vyc co kha ndng thu hiit khach, nhdt Id khach nude ngoai nhu Cdn Tha, Phu Qude, Ha Tien, Chdu Ddc, Tien Giang.
Lugng phdng ca sd luu tni todn khu
Tap chi KHOA HOC DHSP TPHCM SS 63 nam 2014
virc din nam 2013 dat tren 23.000 phdng, vdi mirc tang trudng trung binh 16,2%
nam, bude dau dap iing nhu cau luu tni ciia khach du lich din vung ngay cang tang.
He thdng ca sd vui choi giai tri ciing khdng ngimg tang nhanh, cac tinh DBSCL dang diu tu 98 ti ddng nang cip ha tang du lich, den nay da cd 50 diem du lich tieu bieu dugc nang cap va dau tu trang hi cac thiet M vui choi giai tri. [4]
Cac ca sd phuc vu an udng het sue da dang, cd du cac hinh thiic tir nhiing nha hang sang trgng den nhiing quan an binh dan. Dac biet la phuc vu an udng tai cae khu du lich sinh thai, fren cac du thuyen, tai cae vudn cay an trai du lich...
vdi nhiing mdn an dac san, dan da vcii phong each phuc vu ddc dao cua miet vudn sdng nude, dac biet la gia ca binh dan da tao nen net khac Met, hap din du khach ndi dia va qude tl.
Ha tang giao thdng phue vu du ljeh dang dugc dau tu nang cap va hoan thien tat ca cac loai hinh, phuc vu tdt cho viec ndi cac tour tuyen ndi dung va lien viing.
Giao thdng ducmg thuy la mgt Igi thi cua vimg, dugc khai thac tdt trong phuc vu du lich sinh thai, du lich ndng nghiep...
Ngoai ra, he thdng cac dich vu bd frg khac nhu cac tap doan lii hanh, ngan hang, buu dien, cdng ti bao hilm cung dugc diu tu cai thien dl hd trg tdt cho boat dgng du lich cua viing.
2.6.2. Hgn che
Nhin Chung, CSVCKT cdn thilu ddng bd, chit lugng chua cao, chua dap ung dugc nhu ciu phat triln du lich hien
nay. Bac biet cd nhilu diem, khu du ljeh sinh thai, du ljeh ndng nghiep va ndng thdn rat hap dan nhung ca sd h£i tang va djch vu qua so sai va ngheo nan da lam ban che vi^c thu hiit khach den va keo dai thcri gian luu tni. Tham chi d nhieu khu du lich sinh thai, xe 6 td ciing khdng vao dugc do chua cd dudng be tdng, hay dudng ndng thdn khd hep va khdng co nha hang phuc vu im thuc hay khach san cho du khach mudn luu tni qua dem. Cac CO sd phuc an udng tai cae khu du lich sinh thai cd thuc dcm phuc vu am thuc thudng triing lap. Them vao do, van dl ve sinh tai cac co sd an udng d cac khu du lich sinh thai, du lich ndng nghiep, cac du thuyen du lich, cac vudrn cay an frai du lich... cdn nhieu han che frong xir li rac thai.
Ca sd iim tni cua timg tinh tuy ^ dugc quan tam nhieu hon trong dau tu xay dung d cac nam gan day, nhung co rat it CO sd cd the dap img yeu cau phuc vu khach du lich nude ngoai. Hau het cac CO sd luu tni cd quy md nhd, sd phdng, budng it, chat lugng thip va thilu ti?n nghi phu trg tdi thilu nhu san choi, khoang khdng hanh lang...
Dich vu luu tni tai nha dan kha hip din, tuy nhien, do ngudi dan chua nhSn thirc, chua dugc dao tao chuyen mdn, du khach den it va theo thdi vu, khdng co vdn dau tu nen ngudi dan khdng man mi vdi each lam nay.
He thdng thuang mai dich vu kha da dang, tuy nhien, phan bd khdng phu hgp, mdi chi tap trung d thanh phd, thj xa, quy md nhd, san phim cdn rit nghio
Tgp chi KHOA HOC DHSP TPHCM Nguyin Thi Be Ba
nan, da sd cac khu thuang mai hinh thdnh deu khdng tinh din chuc nang phuc vu du lich.
Co sd vui choi giai tri, khu the thao va cac djch vy thu gian nhu tam hoi, vii trudng, trd chai giai tri (casino), la khau ylu nhat ciia viing du lich DBSCL hien nay, nd khdng chi dnh hudng den hoat dpng du lich ma cdn anh hudng true tiep tdi hoat dgng kinh te - xd hdi cua dia ban.
Day la nguyen nhdn cua viec khdng giii chdn dugc khach du Hch. Tai Can Tha, An Giang va Kien Giang, noi cd nhieu tiem nang du lich, trung tdm, dau mdi cua cac tour, tuyen du lich trong viing, lugng khach du lich tdi ddy chiem ti le Idn nhung van chua cd co sd vui chai gidi tri xiing tam cd the dap ling nhu cdu. Cac dich vy thu gian tuy da phat trien nhieu diem, nhung do td chiic va each lam kem, gid cd khdng hgp li nen khdng thu hiit khdch.
Ngoai ra, ha tang giao thong con nhieu van de bat cap, nhdt la giao thdng dudng thiiy cdn eham phat trien, trong khi Ipi the du lich ciia viing la dya vao song nude va biln dao.
Tren day la nhiing han che ma du Ijch DBSCL dang gdp phai. Vi thi, viec timg budc xdy dung CSVCKT cua viing Id van d6 dang dupe quan tdm va chii y;
dl tir do, sy phat triln CSVCKT cua timg tinh Id ylu td rat quan trgng trong su phdt trien kinh te ciia viing va ed nude.
3. Djnh hudng va giai phap phat triln ca sd vat chat kT thuat du ijch dong bSng song Cuu Long
Viing du Hch DBSCL la nai cd dilu
kien de phdt trien du Hch. Du lich da dang vd se trd thanh nganh kinh tl miii nhpn, tao ddng lye thiic day cde ngdnh kinh tl khac phdt trien. Xdy dyng CSVCKT du lich dl cd thi dap img tdt nhdt yeu cau phat trien du lich, dac biet la su tang trudng khd nhanh ve sd lugng vd nhu cau ciia khach du lich la vdn dl co y nghia quylt dinh de phat trien du lich ciia viing. Xdy dyng CSVCKT du lich vimg du lich DBSCL, theo chiing tdi, can tap trung vao cdc ITnh vuc chii yeu sau ddy:
Trudc tien, can xay dung co sd luu tni vdi cac cap chat lugng, quy mo khdc nhau, bo tri tren cac dia bdn ciia tinh va toan vimg mdt cdch hgp li de khai thdc dat hieu suat sir dung phdng eao;
Dieu quan trpng Id xay dung ca sd vui choi giai tri cd quy md vd trang thiet bi thich hgp d cac trung tdm du lich cua vimg de thu hiit khdch;
Can xdy dung cdc ca sd an uong, bdn hang luu niem, hang dac san vd cac dich vy can thiet khac mpt each ddng bd, khdc biet, ddc dao va quy md thich hgp de cd the dap ling nhu cdu ciia khach du Hch.
Qua nghien ciru viec danh gid tiem nang khai thac va sir dyng CSVCKT du lich viing DBSCL trong quan he vdi ca nude dl phat trien du Hch, chiing tdi de xudt nhung gidi phap nhu sau:
Xdy dung quy hogeh ve phdt triin CSVCKT du lich phdi cdn cu vdo quy hogeh phdt triin du lich vd chien lugrc phdt triin kinh ti - xd hdi M6i tinh trudc hit phdi kilm ke, danh gid tai nguyen du Hch, xdc dinh nhiing lgi the ve du ljeh
Tap chi KHOA HQC DHSP TPHCM SS 63 ndm 2014
cua timg dilm, khu vuc du Ijch trong tinh. Phan dinh eac vimg chiic nang, nhu:
khu vuc liy du lich sinh thai lam chinh;
khu vuc du lich tham quan, nghien cim;
khu vuc vui chai giai fri lam chinh. Tir dd, hoach dinh ke hoach ve xay dung va md rdng CSVCKT du lich phii hgp vdi dilu kien kinh te kl thuat va su phat friln xa hgi cua rtmg khu vuc, trong ca tinh va toan viing.
To chuc qudn li, ddnh gid khd ndng cua CSVCKT du lich tren ca sd chien luac phdt trien vd ndng cao chdt luang chiing. Mdi dia phuang can thdng ke mdt each diy dii, xac dinh rd chat lugng va nang luc cd the khai thac, hieu suat sir dung Men tai ddi vdi timg co sd vat chat Men ed. Kha nang huy dgng them, ciing nhu miic bd sung giira loai nay vdi loai khac. Lap ke hoach quan li va phan cip quan li chung de dam bao su thdng nhit trong khai thac su dung.
Ddu tu ndng cap, md rpng ca sa Men cd tren ca sd xdy dung mai. Tit viec kilm ke danh gia CSVCKT hien cd tren timg tinh va toan vimg, tien hanh lap kl hoach xay dung, quy md va thdi gian khai thac su dung; xay dung danh muc chi tiet cu thi va thit tu uu tien diu tu ddi vdi cac cdng trinh cd quy md Idn, chit lugng cao va cd anh hudng nhilu tdi kl hoach xay dung, phat triln he thdng CSVCKT ciia viing. Dua ra dilu kien va chinh sach khuyin khich diu tu vao CSVCKT du ljeh tit cac ngudn vdn dl thu hiit vdn, tap trung xay dung theo kl hoach.
Ddo tgo nguon nhdn luc cd dii trinh
dp chuyen mdn vd luc lucmg ddp img nhu cdu phuc vu du lich ciia vimg. Gan viec dao tao, bdi dudng lao ddng du lich noi chung, lao ddng trong cac ca sd luu trii, khu vui chai giai tri, dich vu kT thuat phuc vu khach du lich ciia viing du lich DBSCL ndi rieng vdi tdng the dao tao, phat trien ngudn nhan lue eua ca nude.
Dap iing mgt each diy du, linh hoat luc lugng lao ddng cd du trinh do chuyen mdn de phat frien du Hch ciia viing.
Tdng cudng td chuc khoa hpc, cdng nghiep phuc vu du lich de ndng cao chdt luang vd da dgng hoa sdn phdm du lich cua viing. Tap trung xay dung cac co sd luu tni, khu du Hch cd quy md va trang thiet hi hien dai d nhiing trung tam, khu du lich idn cua vimg de ket hgp vdi he thdng ca sd cua cac viing, nang cao chat lugng va nang luc phuc vu du lich. Can cd su quan tam ca ve chinh sach va sir dung nang luc vao viec diu tu xay dung cac ca sd luu tni, ca sd ha tang kT thuat phuc vu du Hch vdi ki thudt tiSn tiln dl dap img nhu eiu ciia khach du Hch.
Md rpng hpp tdc vd giap luu quoc te. Phat trien nhilu loai Mnh du lich co site hip dan dl cd the md ra kha nang mdi frong trao ddi hgp tac, giao luu vdi nude ngoai. Tang cucmg tham gia hoi thao, hdi nghi, hgi chg qude t l vd khu vuc vl du ljeh va CSVCKT du lich, dl co ca hgi trao ddi, tilp can va hgp tac vl cac van de kT thuat cao cho du lich. Cdi tien di tdi hgp li hda cac thu tue cho du khdch nude ngoai, tao su thuan tien, an toan cho du khdch.
Chdn chinh vd tdng cuong su quan 100
Tap chi KHOA HOC DHSP TPHCM Nguyen Thi Be Ba
li nhd nude ve du lich. Tai viing du-lich DBSCL da cd 13 tinh thanh lap Sd Van hda The thao vd Du lich; tuy nhien, so vdi yeu cau phdt trien du lieh cua vimg van chua dap iing. Vi vay, can tap trung eung cd td chiic bd may qudn li ve hanh chmh nhung cung tao thuan lgi de thiic day phat triln du lich; sip xip, nang cao hieu qua boat ddng kinh doanh du lieh d cac tinh, khuyen khich phdt trien cdc loai hinh du lich mang ban sic van hda, truyen thdng, du lich xanh gan vdi bdo ve mdi trudng de phat trien kinh te.
Ca che, chinh sdch cho xdy dung phdt triin CSVCKT du lich. Nha nude cin cd chinh sdeh khuyen khich cdc nha dau tu nude ngoai tham gia dau tu va uu tien cho nhiing du dn dau tu khdch san va khu nghi dudng cao cip, chit lugng 5 sao. Cho phep sii dung tien thu dugc sau khi cd lai hodc nha nude cap, cho vay ldi suat uu ddi hoac khdng cd lai suat de gdp vdn dau tu, nang ti le ddu tu cua phia Vi$t Nam tir 50% trd len (biy theo du dn). Doi vdi nhiing cdng frinh cd tinh khd thi vd Mgu qud cao, dp dung hinh thirc huy dgng vdn trong nude thdng qua hinh thirc cd phin, cd phieu, de phia Viet Nam dii miic can thiet tham gia lien doanh vdi nude ngoai dat ti le tir 50% trd len, khdng nen de chi mdt dan vi dimg ra nhu hien nay, vi nhu thi se khdng du vdn, bdi chu ylu liy gia tri dit de gdp vdn, nen ti le vdn gdp qud thip (30%> hoac thip htm).
4. Kit lu^n
Viing du ljeh DBSCL cd tilm nang phat triln du ljeh rit Idn, cdc loai hinh du Ijch ngdy edng dgc ddo vd hip din, lugng
khdch du Hch den vimg ngay cang tang.
He thdng CSVCKT phuc vu du lich cua vimg dang cd nhiing mat tich cue va da ddp ling dugc phdn ndo nhu cau ciia khdch du lich khi den day. Trong thdi gian qua da ed nhilu du an phdt trien CSVCKT du Uch dugc diu hr d DBSCL, dac biet Id he thdng ca sd luu tni, cdc khu vui choi giai tri, cdc co sd an udng trong va ngoai co sd luu tni ciing cac dich vu du lich ngdy cdng dugc hoan thien, ddng bd vd Men dai. Day la dieu kien thuan lgi de phdt trien kiiih te - xa hdi ndi chung va du lich ndi rieng. Tuy nhien, ben canh nhirng mat manh md he thdng CSVCKT dat dugc van 9dn nhiing mdt ban ehe can Idiac phuc nhu he thdng co sd luu tni, vui choi gidi tri, co sd an udng vd cdc djch vu du ijch khdc chua ddp img nhu cau cd ve chit lugng lan sd lugng, quy md va co ciu. Nhilu CSVCKT phu trg cho phat triln du lich nhu phdng hgp, khu nghi dudng, the thao cdn thilu. Cdng tdc kiem ke danh gia CSVCKT du lich chua dugc quan tdm dung mirc. Vi?c khai thdc sii dung CSVCKT du lich cho muc dich du lich ehua ddp iing vdi muc tieu chung cua viing va ca nude. Vi vay, cin thiet phdi diy manh boat dgng du lich cua vimg du lich DBSCL ndi rieng cung nhu du lich Viet Nam ndi chung len mgt tim cao hon. Mudn ldm dugc dieu dd thi can phai cd su phdi hgp chat che cua dia phuang, cdc sd ban nganh, eo quan lanh dao du lich... Va dac biet, can chii frgng hon nua su thu hut diu tu ttong va ngoai nude de cd dugc he thdng CSVCKT tdt phgc vy du ljeh, diy manh kinh te vimg vd qude gia
Tap chi KHOA HOC DHSP TPHCM SS 63 nam 2014
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO
1. Bg Van hda Thi thao va Du lich (2020), Di dn phdt triin du lich Ddng bdng song Ciru Long den ndm 2020.
2. Sd Van hda Thi thao vd Du Hch eac titih Ddng bang sdng Cim Long (2013), Bdo cdo tinh hinh phdt triin du lich dia phuang 2005 - 2012.
3. Nguyin Minh Tue va nnk (1996), Dia li du Uch, Nxb Thanh phd Hd Chi Minh.
4. David Botterill, Vincent Platenkamp (2012), Key concepts in tourism research, SAGE puplication Ltd.
(Ngiy Tda so^n nhin duvc bii: 19-5-2014, ngiy phdn b'4n dinh gii: 05-6-2014:
ngiy chip nhin dSng: 24-10-2014)
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