Tgp chi Khoa bgc Trtr&ng Dai hgc Cdn Tha Phdn B: Ndng nghiep. Thuy san vd Cdng ngh^ Smh hgc: 26 (2013): 23'-245
Tap chl Khoa hoc Tru'dng Oai hoc Can Thd website: sj.ctu.edu.vn
su* PHAT TRIEN TUYEN SINH DUC VA MUA VU SINH SAN CUA V?M VANG LIMNOPERNA FORTUNEI BAM TREN OC GAO & CON PHU DA,
HUYEN CHOf LACH, TINH BEN TRE Vu Ngpc Ut", La Nggc Thach" va Nguyen Bach Loan'
Khoa Thiiy sdn, Trudng Dgi hgc cdn Tha
^ Trung tdm Khuyen Nong Cdn Tlia Thong tin chung:
Ngaynhdn. 04/03/2013 Ngdy chdp nhdn: 20/06/2013 Title:
Gonadal development and reproduction periods of golden mussel (Limnopema fortunei) in Phu Da islet, Cho Lach district, Ben Tre province
Tu khoa:
Vem vdng, Limnopema fortunei, phdt trien tuyen sinh due
Keywords:
Golden mussels, gonadal development. Limnopema fortunei
ABSTRACT
Gonadal development and reproduction periods of the golden mussel (Limnopema fortunei) were invesrigated to serve as database for proposing solutions to reduce the impacts of this species on the local snail (Cipangopaludina lecithoides) in Phu Da islet, Cho Lach, Ben Tre. The study was conducted from November. 2010 to October, 2011. Samples of the mussels were collected monthly with an amount of 20 ind. month' to determine Sex ratio. Fat condition index, Gonadal Index (GI), Gonad development phases to help determine the spawning seasons of this species. The results showed that the gonad develops into 5 phases in which phase 4 (spawning phase) contains different stages of eggs which indicate that mussels both spawn and absorb lo reserve nutrient and energy. The percentage of females (45-65%) was always higher than that of male (35-45%) except in March with equal ratio (45%). Hermaphrodite is not observed in this species. Gonadal Index was found high in.most of the lime but with peaks in January and June where it coincides with peaks offal condition index. In general, the results indicated that the golden mussel could reproduce several times in a year with the peaks in January and June.
TOM TAT
Su phdt trien tuyen sinh due vd miia vu sinh sdn cua v^m vdng (Limnopema fortunei) dugc nghien cuu lit thdng 11/2010 din thdng 10/2011 tgi cdn Phu Da, Chg Ldch. Ben Tre nh^m ldm ca sa cho viec di xudt cdc biin phdp lum che su deo bdm cua vem trin dc ggo (Cipangopaludina lecithoides). Mdu vem dugc thu hdng thdng vdi sd luang 20 cd the di phdn dch ti le due cdi, chi sd do beo, he s6 thdnh thyc sinh due vd suphdt trien cua tu}'in sinh due. Kit qud cho thdy tuyin sinh due cita vem phdt triin qua 5 pha. trong do pha 4 (pha sinh sdn) cd chua nhieu giai dogn trung vai cdc kich thudc khdc nhau thi hiin vpm vira sinh sdn vifa tdi hdp thu de du trit dinh dudng. Ti le cd thi cdi thudng cao han cd thi due (45-65%. so vdi 35-45%) trie thdng 3 cd ti H bdng nhau (45%).
Khdng phdt hien hien tugng ludng tinh d lodi vem ndy. Chi s6 thdnh thyc klid cao a hdu hit cdc thdng. cao nhdt a thdng 1 vd thdng 6 triing vdi chi sd do beo cao a Ihdi diem ndy. Pha sinh sdn thudng gdp a hdu hit cdc Ihdng. nhdt Id thdi diim thdng 1 vd thdng 6, thi hiin vem cd thi de nhiiu ldn trong ndm nhimg tap trung nhiiu a thdi diim thdng I vd thdng 6.
Tgp chi Khoa hgc Tru&ng Dai hgc Can Tha 1 GlOfI THIEU
Oc gao {Cipangopaludina lecithoides) la mdt trong nhimg ddi tugng thdn mem dugc ua chudng d vung nudc nggt, ddng bang sdng Ciiu Long. Ci Ben Tre, loai dc gao nay phan bo nhieu d cdn Phu Da, huyen Chg Ldch vdi trii lugng khai thac khoang 14-15 tdn/nam (Nguyen Van Luc va ctv., 2006). Ddi vdi ngudi dan Chg Ldch, dc gao dugc xem la mdt dac san cua dja phuang. Mac du san lugng khai thac khdng phai la nguon thu nhdp chinh CLia ngudi dan d ddy, nhung dc gao Phu Da dugc biet den nhu la mdt thuang hieu cua dja phuong va da dugc tinh B i n Tre quy hoach thanh khu bao tdn tir nam 2004. Viec bao tdn, phat trien ngudn dc gao tu nhien rdt dugc quan tdm va tinh ciing dang nghien cuu de xuat nhung giai phdp de bdo ve ngudn dc gao nay. Trong nhirng nam gdn ddy san lugng dc gao suy giam nghiem frgng ca ve sd Iugng Idn chat Iugng. Mdt trong nhihig nguyen nhan dan den su suy giam dd la do su deo bdm cua vem vang (Limmopernafortunei) fren dc gao.
Vem vang (Limmoperna fortunei Dunker, 1857) thupc gidng Limmoperna, hp Mytilidae, bp Mytiloida, Idp Bivalvia, nganh Mollusca.
Lodi vem nay xuat hien ddu tien tai Hdng Kong vao nam 1965. den nhiing nam 1980- 1986 thi chiing lan truyen rat nhanh den Nhat Ban, Dai Loan vd Han Qudc (Morton, 1979;
Kimura, 1994; Ricciardi va Rasmussen. 1998).
Day la mdt frong 100 loai xdm hai nguy hiem nhdt hien nay. Ci cac thuy vuc tu nhien, chiing phat trien rat nhanh va bam day dac (cd the dat mat do > 80.000 ca the/m') d cac cong frinh xay dung, nha may thuy dien, nha may nudc, nhat la cac be nudi thiiy san, gdy tac hai Idn ve kinh te. Ngoai ra, loai vem nay cdn canh tranh thuc an va moi trudng sdng gdy bat Igi cho su phat frien cua quan the sinh vat day, lam suy giam qudn the dgng vat ndi, tdc dgng Idn gdp phan lam thay doi he sinh thai cac thuy vuc (Marsden va Chotkowski, 2001). Tac hai cua loai vem nay cung gidng nhu ciia nhdng loai vem van thudc gidng Dreissena a vimg Bac My. Nhilu bien phdp phdng va han che su phat triln cua cac loai vem van da dugc nghien cuu va inig dung d nhieu noi tren the gidi bao gdm
Phdn B- Ndng nghiip. Tliuy san vd Cdng ngh^ Sinh bgc: 26 (2013): 23 • -243 bien phdp hoa hgc, vat ly, sinh hgc. Ddi vdi phuong phap hda hpc, mpt sd hda chdt cd thi su dung de loai tru vem bam nhu chloramine, chlorine dioxide (CIO2), ozon, oxy gia, thudc tim, mudi vd co hoac dieu chinh pH. Hda chdt dugc chiing minh cd tac dung khd hieu qua Id Bayer 73, mdt loai hda chdt diet than mim (Bimbaum, 2006). Tuy nhien, viec lua chgn cac hda chat su dung cdn phu thudc vao nhimg anh hudng den chat lugng nudc. du Iugng, tao san pham phu, chi phi va linh thuc t l . Theo Trung tdm Nghien cuu loai ngoai Iai. Dai hgc California Riverside, Hoa Ky, udc tinh chi phi dau tu cac bien phdp de doi phd tdc hai ciia cdc lodi vem nay tai Hoa Ky Ien den tren 500 trieu USD mdi nam. Hau het cac bien phdp dp dung de ddi phd vdi cac nhdm nay chu yeu la bien phap hoa hgc. CJ mdt sd noi. do loai nay cd sue sinh san cao va kha nang an lgc rat manh nen chung con lam thay ddi da dang sinh hpc d mpt sd he sinh thai nudc nggt (DAISIE 2006).
Viec su dung hda chat xu Iy vem vang bdm tren dc gao cd the gap nhieu trd ngai do dnh hudng true tiep tdi dc gao va khdng hieu qua khi xu ly hda chat frong thuy vuc nudc chay rdng ldn. Viec nghien cuu mgt sd dac diem sinh hgc sinh san nhu su phat trien cua tuyen sinh due, mua vu sinh san cua vem cd the giiip xac djnh thdi gian xuat hien cua au trimg de cd the ap dung cdc bien phdp sinh hgc (dimg cd an phieu sinh) hodc co hgc nhu dung gia the cho du trimg bam d giai doan chuyen sang sdng ddy nham han che su deo bam cua vem fren 6c gao.
2 PHU^OfNG PHAP NGHIEN CUtJ Su phat trien tuyen sinh due vd mua vu sinh sdn cua vem vdng dugc theo doi frong thdi gian 1 nam tir thang 11/2010 den thang 10/2011 tai khu vuc cd dc gao phan bd d Cdn Phu Da. Chg Lach, Ben Tre. Mdu vem bam fren dc gao dugc thu dinh ky mdi thang mdt ldn, d 3 diem (ddu - A 1, giira - A 2 va cudi - A3 cua khu vuc cd dc gao tuong ung vdi cdc \ i tri toa do ghi nhan bdi may dinh vi Id lb°14'58.6", l66"05'07.5"; lb°]5M8.6", 106"04"31.1" E; va iO°l5"30.r' N.
I06°03'39.7" E) (Hinh 1). Mdu dugc thu fruc tiep bang ghe cao day co kich thudc mieng cao
Tgp chi Klioa hoc Tnr&ng Dgi hgc Cdn Tha Pbdn B Nong ngbiep. Diuy san vd Cong nghe Sinh hgc: 26 (2013): 237-245
la 1,2 m vdi doan dudng ihu mau khoang 20 m.
Mau vem sau khi thu dugc rua sach bang nudc nggt dugc chgn ngau nhien 20 ca the de do chieu ddi, can khdi Iugng tdng (Wj), sau do tdch bo vd va cdn khdi lugng thjt (Wn,)- Phdn thit dugc CO djnh frong dung dich formol thuong mai 10%. Mdt so chi tieu sinh hgc sinh san cua vem dugc xdc dinh bao gdm do beo va he sd thanh thuc.
- Dp beo dugc tinh theo Quayle &
Newkirt(1989):
Khoi lucmg thit
Dp beo (%) - : ' ^ ^ * 100 Khdi lugng tdng cdng - HS so thanh thuc (GI) cua vem dugc tinh theo cdng thuc:
Trong dd:
ni, n2, ..., n,: cathe thu 1,2, ... , i; n: Sd ca thi thu dugc.
ai, a2, ..., a,: Giai doan tuyen sinh due cua cathe 1, 2,.... i.
Cac giai doan phat trien cua tuyen sinh due vem dugc xac dinh thdng qua tieu ban md hpc thuc hien theo phuang phap cat mdu vui trong parafin va nhupm vdi Haematoxyline va Eosin cua Drury va Wallington (1967). Qua frinh thuc hien gdm cac budc xu ly mau, diic khdi, cat mdu, nhudm mdu va doc ket qua.
Mdu sau khi xd ly dugc due khoi. Paraffin ndng chay (57 - 60''C) dugc dd vao khudn inox, mdu dugc gap bang kep dat vao khudn ddng thdi lam lanh khudn de mdu dugc co dinh viing chac. Mau dugc an sat vao day khudn, sau dd jsaraffm tiep tuc dugc dd vao day khudn. Khdi paraffin dugc de cho dac lai va dua vao trong tii lanh de lam rdn mdu.
Mdu lay tir tu lanh dugc dua vdo may edt mo (microtome) cat mau thanh tiJmg lat cd do day 2 - 4 iam va tao thanh bang dai, dimg kim mui giao va pen inox dua cac lai edt vao khay nudc am (45 - 50°C), doan mdu khdng bj vd
dugc tach ra va dat ien lame cho lat cat dugc cang ra. Lame mdu dugc chuyen len ban say va sdy d nhiet do tir 45 - 50**C frong thdi gian tir 12 - 24 gid de Iam tan paraffin va khd mau (Howard et al, 2004).
Sau khi say, mau bat ddu dugc nhugm. Tat ca cac lame chua mau dugc xep vao khung nhura va tien hanh nhudm mau. Sau khi nhudm xong, lamelle dugc dung de dan vao vimg cd mau fren lame bang keo Canada balsam va dg mau khd tu nhien.
Tieu ban dugc quan sat dudi kinh hien vi d do phdng dai lOX vd 40X de xdc dinh cac giai doan phat trien cua tuyen sinh due (Juhel, et al., 2003).
So lieu dugc xu ly banp phan mem Microsoft excel va so sanh thdng ke tim su khac biet bdng phep thu DUNCAN d muc y n^hla (p<0,05) su dung phdn mim SPSS. Chi sd do beo va thanh thuc (GI) dugc phdn tich tuang quan bang phep thu Pearson.
3 KET QUA VA THAO LUAN 3.1 Cac giai doan phat trien cua tuyen sinh
due vem vang {L. fortunei)
Tir ket qua theo doi hinh thai va md hgc tuyen sinh due, qua trinh phat triln cua tuyln sinh due d vem duoc chia thanh 5 giai doan (Hinh 1):
Giai doan 0 (khong xac djnh, pha nghi):
Tuyen sinh due khdng ro rang, chua cd sir hien dien cua nang chiia giao tu (follicle). Tuyln sinh due d giai doan nay gdm cd cac md lien ket. cac chat can thiet cho qua trinh Wnh thanh giao tir. Giai doan nay khong the phan biet dugc cathe due hoac cai (Hinh lAva IF).
Giai doan 1 (pha phat trien sdm): Qua trinh hinh thanh giao tu bat ddu vdi sir xuat hien cua cac nang follicle chen lan trong md lien ket. Con cai bat ddu xuat hien cac te bao sinh tning, con due bdt ddu xuat hien cdc te bao sinh tinh. Budng trung vem xuat hien cac tlii chua tning va noan nguyen bao. Cac te bao sinh tinh frong budng tinh sap x6p rdi rac. Giai doan nay rat khd phan biet ca the due hoac cai (Hinh IB va 10).
Tap cbi Khoa hgc Tnr&ng Dgi hgc Can Tha Phan B: Ndng nghiep. Thuy san vd Cdng nghe Sinh boc: 26(2013): 237-245
Giai do^n 2 (pha phat trien hoan chinh):
Cac nang follicle phinh to, md lien ket giam manh. Tl bao tning bdt ddu rdi khdi nang tning. cd hinh da dien khdng deu. Mgt sd te bao tning vdn cdn tren vach nang. Tinh trimg tap trung thanh timg bd day dac nhung van cdn nam frong nang tinh (Hinh IC va IH).
Giai doan 3 (pha thanh thuc): Buong tning chiia cac bao nang, triing cd hinh bdu due, nhan to, dat kich Ihudc tdi da. Tiii tinh chiia day nhdng nhung nang tinh day dac, tinh trimg hoat ddng manh (Hinh 1D va IK).
Giai doan 4 (pha sinh san): Day la giai doan vem vira de xong, kich cd ciia tuyen sinh due bat dau giam xudng. Giai doan nay tuyen sinh due chua nhieu nang tning va nang tinh gan nhu trdng rdng. ben Uong cdn sdt lai mgl ft tning va tinh trung. Khi quan sat \siy budn^
tning va tui tinh thdy vdn cdn sdt lai nhiing te bdo Irung va tinh trimg cd kich thudc khdng deu nhau, day la hien tugng vira sinh san vua tai hap thu de du trii nang lugng d hdu het cdc loai hai manh vd (Hinh IE va IL).
Hinh 1: Lat c^t mo hgc cac giai do^n phat trien tuyen sinh due cua vem cdi (A: Pha ngbi; B: Pha phat triln sdm; C: Pha phat trien hoan chinh; D: Pha thanh thuc; £: pha sinh san) va tuong tg F, G, H, K,
L d con dire 240
Tap chi Khoa hgc Tnt&ng Dgi hgc Can Tha Phan B: Ndng nghiep. Thuy s d Cdng nghi Sinh ligc: 26 i20l3i 23
3.2 Ti le due cai cua vem vang (Z-yo/tH/ieO Gidng nhu cac loai hai manh \o (Bivalvia) khdc, d loai vem \ang (L. fortunei) ciing khd cd the phdn biet cd the due va cai neu chi dua vao cac dac diem hinh dang ngoai ca the ma phdi quan sat tieu ban md hgc tu\en sinh due cua vem.
Ket qua quan sat 240 mlu md cho thay ben trong budng tinh ciia mau vem due chi chiia tinh tu va sau khi nhugm se bat mau xanh ciia thudc nhugm Haematoxylin (Hinh 2A); ngugc Iai budng tning cua vem cai chi chiia trung vd bit mau hdng cua thudc nhudm Eosin (Hinh 2B).
Hinh 2: Tieu ban md cua tuyeu sinh due vem song (L. fortunei): A. Ca the dm; B. Ca the cai hai manh vd. nhat la hau, con cai thudng Trong tdt cd cdc thang nghien cuu, ti Ie cd
the cai (45 - 65%) luon ldn ban ca the due (35 - 45%) trong tdng sd Iugng mau quan sat tru thdng 3 ti le due vd cdi bang nhau (45%) (Hinh 4). Ngoai ra, mgl sd ca the khd xdc dinh dugc due cdi (khdng xac djnh), ti Ie nay chiem trung binh 10% trong tdng sd mdu quan sat, trir cac thdng 5.6.7 va 1. Theo Dinamani (1974) d
chiem ty Ie Idn trong quan dan trudc va frong mua sinh sdn. Ti Ie nay giam sau miia sinh san.
Wang & Denson (1995) ciing phat hien frong quan the vem van (Dreissena polymorpha) ti Ie con cai thudng cao hon con due (61 - 69%) va ti le con cai cao chiem trong 13 tren 19 thang thu mdu.
mCai Q9vc BKboKxacdBh
Hinh 3: Ti le duc:cai ciia vem ^aug {Limnopema ^ fortunei) qua cac thang ^ tai khu virc phan bo cua -.^
oc gao ff cdu Phii Da, Chg ^
Lach, Ben Tre
li
fl n
I
04 OB 06 OT 08 09 10
d cdc nhdm kich thudc khdc nhau, ti le due cdi cua ciing co su bien dgng khdc nhau. Ti le cd the cai tang ddn va ti Ie ca the due giam ddn theo su ldng ddn ciia kich thudc vem (Bang I).
6 nhdm kich thudc nhd hon 18 mm (<I8mm) thi cd the due chiem uu the (61,5%
den 69.2%), nhdm kich thudc tir 18 mm trd len (>18mm) cd the cai chiem uu the (60,2% den
Tgp chi Khoa hoc Tru&ng Dgi hoc Cdn Tha Phdn B Ndng nghiqp. Tbity san va Cdng nghe Smh hgc: 26 (2013/ 23 7-245 82,3%). Kit qua d Bang I cung cho thdy nhdm
khdng xac dinh gidi tinh due hay cdi tap trung chii yeu d rJidm ki'ch thudc nhd hon 12 mm (<l2mm) va t u 18 mm trd len (>18mm). Cd the la nhung ca the cd kich thudc nhd chua thdnh thuc sinh due hay cdc ca the ldn vua mdi sinh san xong, dang trong giai doan tai hdp thu (pha nghi). Ti Ie cdc cd the khdng xdc djnh gidi tinh chiem ty Ie trung binh dudi 10% tdng sd
lugng mdu quan sat. Theo Rodriguez-Jaramillo et al (2008) trong quan dan loai hau Crassostrea corteziensis phan bd d Phd Ceuta, Bang Sinaloa (Tdy Bdc Mexico) cd t h i cai ludn chiem ti le Idn hon ca the due qua cdc thang thu mdu. Tuong tu, ti le hau cai Crassostrea gigas (vjnh Smoky, mien Nam nudc Uc) cung cao hon hdu due (Baghurst and Mitchell, 2002).
Bang 1: Ti le dirc/cai ciia vem song {L. fortunei) theo nhom kich thudc Kich
thiro'c
<12 12-<15 15-<18 I S - < 2 1 2 1 - < 2 4
>24 T6ng/TB
r.11 -
14 67 37 57 46 19 240
Birc So con
9 38 16 21 10
J
97 TL(%)
64,29 56,72 43,24 36.84 21,74 15,79 40,42
Cai So con
2 26 66 32 33 15 174
TL (%) 14,29 38,81 45,95 56,14 71,74 78,95 72.50
lCh6ng xac S6con
3 3 4 4 3 1 18
:diQh TL (%)
21,43 4,48 10,81 7,02 6,52 5,26 7.50 d loai sd da {Area noae) ti le due cai ciing
thay ddi theo nhdm kich thudc. Nhdm kich thudc nhd (<30 mm) thi con due chiem ti Ie cao (94,5%), khi kich thudc tang len 30 - 60 mm thi ti le due cai tuong duang nhau va nhdm cd kich thudc ldn ban 60 mm thi con cai chilm uu thi (73%) (Peharda et al, 2006).
Nghien cuu ciia Wang & Denson (1995) fren vem van {Dreissena polymorpha) ciing cho thdy ti le con cai chiem cao d nhom vem cd kich thudc ldn, gdn 70% ca the la con cdi d nhdm kich thudc fren 20 mm. Theo Pechenik (2000) nhdm hai mdnh vd cd nhieu loai ludng tinh luan phien, ddc biet la hau cd su thay ddi gidi tinh theo thdi gian. Tuy nhien, ket qua quan sat tieu ban md hgc tuyen sinh due cua 240 mau vem vang (L. fortunei) cho thay loai nay phdn tinh. gidng nhu vem van Dreissena
Bang 2: Ti le thanh thuc cua vem vang {Limnopema fortunei) theo kich thudc
„^ ; Chua thanh thuc
polymorpha (Marsden et al, 2009; Wang &
Denson, 1995).
3 3 Tile thanh rtiuc cda vem vang (Z.^&rt'unfl') Ti le thanh thuc cua vem vdng lang ddn theo b'ch thudc. CJ kich thudc <12 mm, ti le thanh thuc thap (21,43%). Kich thudc tir 12 - 15 mm ti le thanh thuc tang ddng k l (58,21%) va ldng cao nhat d nhdm 21 -<24 mm (65,22%), sau do giam nhe d nhdm kich thudc
>24 mm (63,16%) (Bang 2). Nhu vay, d kich thudc dudi 12 mm, vem cd the tham gia sinh san nhung vdi ti le thap va bat ddu Ihanh thuc vdi ti Ie cao hon d kich thudc >12 mm. Theo Marsden et al. (2009) thi qua trinh tham gia sinh san ldn ddu cua vem van Dreissena polymorpha xay ra khi chiing cd ki'ch thudc ldn hon 8 mm.
Ti le (%) So con Ti le (%)
< I 2 12-<15 15-<18 18-<21 21 - < 2 4
>24
14 67 37 57 46 19
18 21 16 7
78,57 41,79 48,65 36,84 34,78 36.84
3 39 19 36 30 12
21,43 58,21 51,35 63,16 65.22 63.16
Tong/Trung binh 42.08
Tgp cbi Khoa bgc Tru&ng Dgi hgc Cdn Tha Phdn B: .\'dng n^iep. Thuy san vd Cdng nghe Sinh hgc: 26 i2013j: 23 -~ •/.•*
3.4 Do beo va he sd thanh tfauc ciia cua vem vang {L. fortunei)
Dp beo cua vem vang qua cdc thang thu mdu biln ddng khdog ldn (39,59-47,94%). gia
tri cao nhdt ghi nhan dugc d thang 6 (47,94%) khac biet cd y n ^ a ( p O , 0 5 ) vdi cac thang cdn lai tru thang 3 (47-54'?'D). thdng 5 (44,33%) va thdng 10 (43.82%). E)d beo thdp nhdt ghi nhan d thang 8 (39.59%) (Hinh 4).
40.55 41.04
Hinh 4: Bien dong d^ beo cda vem vang {L. fortunei) qua cac thang He so thanh thuc (GI) ciia vem (^ua cac
thdng dao ddng tir 1,75-2,70. GI cao nhdt d cdc thdng 1 (2,7). thdng 6 (2.6) va thap nhdt vao thdng 11 (1.75). Hau hit cac thdng cdn lai cd he sd thdnh thuc tuong duong nhau va thudng
>2(Hinh5).
Theo Hira Thai Nhdn va ctv. (2008) do beo cua ngheu Ben Tre (M lyrata) cd lien quan
den su thdnh thuc sinh due. Truong Qudc Phu (1999) cho ring do beo cua ngheu khdng chi thay ddi theo miia, iugng thiic an ngoai tu nhien, theo nhdm kich thudc ma cdn bien ddi theo miia vu sinh san. Khi vem thanh thuc vd sinh san thi khdi Iugng co the tang Ien den 40% do do do beo cimg tang Ien (Honkoop et al, 1999).
Hiuh 5: He so thanh thuc ciia vem vang {L. fortunei) qua cac thang Theo Nguyin Chinh vd ct\\ (2001) chi sd
dd beo phu thudc vao dieu kien mdi trudng (dieu kien dinh dudng) va miia vu sinh san.
Ngd Anh Tudn vd ctv. (2007) cho rdng d hau do beo va su thdnh thuc sinh due cd lien quan
mat thiet vdi nhau. He sd do beo cao kha nang tich liiy ve chAt cao va cung cap du chat dinh dudng cho qua trinh phat trien cua tuyen sinh due. Ket qua nay ciing dugc ghi nhdn d sd huylt (Hoang Thi Bich Dao, 2004). Tuy
Tgp cht Khoa hoc Tnt&ng Dgi hgc CJn Tha Phdn B Nong nghiep. Thuy san vd Cong nghe Sinh hoc: 26 (2013): 23 ''-245 nhien, ket qua khao sat tten vem vang cho thd\
su bien ddng cua 2 chi sd nay chua cd su tuong quan d tdt cd cac thang khao sat {p>0,05) ngoai trir thang 6, thdi diem vem cd do beo va he sd thanh thuc cao nhat.
Ti le cac giai doan thanh thuc ciia tuyen sinh due d vem cd su bien ddng giiia cac thang. Giai doan III va IV (thanh thuc sinh
due) chiem ti le kha cao ttong tdng sd mau (Hinh 6). Tuy nhien, ti le nay khac nhau qua cac thang, dao dgng trong khoang 10-40%, cao vao thang I va thdng 6 (40%). 6 cac thang cdn lai, tuyen sinh due cua vem diu cd giai doan 3 va 4 vdi ti le 20-30% trir thang 5 va 11. Dilu nay cho thay vem cd kha nang sinh san quanh nam vdi dinh cao vao thang I va 6.
D Giai do^n 0 ED Giai do^o 1 • Giai do^n 2 ffl Giai do^n 3 S Giai doan 4 100
p- 90
^ 70
I ^^^
M 50
ll
i
n
Jul
I
I
I B I "
M
i
I
2501 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 Hinh 6: Ti l | cac giai doan thanh thuc
4 K E T LUAN
- Do beo cua vem vang qua cac thdng khdo sdt bien dgng frong khoang 39,59- 47,94%, thdi diem cd do beo cao nhdt (47.94%) trimg khdp vdi thdi diem chi sd thdnh thuc cao (2,6) d thdng 6.
He sd thanh thuc (Gl) cua vem qua cdc thang dao ddng lu 1,75-2,70. GI cao deu d hdu bet cdc thang.
Vem vang cd the sinh san quanh nam, tap trung d thang I va 6. Tuyen sinh due cua loai vem na\ phat trien qua 5 giai doan va giai doan 3 va 4 deu xudt hien rai rac d cac thang.
cao nhat la thang I \ a 6.
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO
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Aquaculture Research 33:1253-1263.
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cua vem vang {L. fortunei) qua cac thang polymorpha Tom tit cap nhat tii http://www.nobanis.org/files/factsheets/Dreiss ena_polymorpha.pdf (truy cap 10/08/ 2009).
3. DAISIE (Delivering Alien Invasive Species Inventories for Europe), 2006. Dreissena polymorpha. Tom tat cap nhat tir http://www.europe-
aliens.org/speciesF actsheet.do?speciesld=5016 9 [uuy cap 10/08/2009]
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Carletons histological technique. Oxford University Press, 432 pp.
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1999. Experimentally extending the spawning season ofa marine bivalve using temperature
Tap chi Khoa hgc Tru&ng DQI hgc Cdn Tha PhdnB Ndngnghiep Thuy san va Cong n^4 Sinh hoc. 26 (2013) ~3 ---/-' change and fluoxetine as synergistic triggers.
Mar Ecol Prog Ser 180:297-300.
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S. Smith, 2004. Histological techniques for marme bivalve mollusks and crustaceans.
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10. Juhel, G., Culloty. S.C. O'riordan, R.M., O'Connor, J., De Faoite, L. and McNamara, R., 2003. A histological study ofthe gametogenic cycle ofthe Freshwater mussel dreissena pol>Tnorpha (Pallas. 1771) In Lough Derg, Ireland. J. Moll. Stud. 69; 365-373.
11. Kimura, T., 1994. The earliest record of Limnopema fortunei (Dunker) from Japan.
TheChiribotan Newsletter ofthe Malacological Society of Japan 25, 34-35.
12. Marsden, J. Ellen et al., 2009. ISSSG Database: Dreissena polymorpha.
http://www.invasivespecies.net/database/speci es/ecology. asp?si=50&fr= 1 &sts =sss, accessed on 10 Steptember 2010.
13. Marsden, J.E., Chotkowski. M. A., 2001. Lake Uout spawning on artificial reefs fouled by zebra mussels: fatal attraction?. J. Great Lakes Res. 27, 33-43.
14. Morton. B., 1979. Freshwater fouling bivalves.
In: Britton, J.C, Mattice. J.S., Murphy, C.E., Newland, L.W. (Eds). Proceedings ofthe First Intemational Corbicula S\ mposium, Texas Christian University Research Foundation, Fort Worth, Texas, pp. 1-14.
15. Ngo Anh Tuan. Chau Van Thanh vd Vu Trong Dai. 2007. Mpt so dac diem sinh san cua hdu {Crassostrea belcheri Sowerby, 1871) d song Cha Va tinh Ba Ria-Vung Tau. Tuyen tap bao cao khoa hgc hpi thdo dgng vat thdn mim todn qu6c Ian ihu tu-Nha Trang. 5-6/09/2005. Nha xudt ban Nong nghiep: 263-273.
16. Nguyen Chinh, Chau Thanh va Trdn Mai Kim Hoa, 2001. Dac diem sinh hgc sinh san vem vo xanh {Chlorometilus viridis Linne, 1758).
Tuyen tap bao cao khoa hgc hgi thao dpng vat
than mim loan quic lan thu nhdt - Nha Trang, 25-27/02/1999. Nha xudt ban Nong nghiep:
190-199.
17. Nguyin VanLuc, Nguyen Tac An, Phan Minh Thu, Huynh Minh Sang, Pham Sy Hoan, Nguyen Van Tuda D6 Minh Tiep. 2006. Dieu Ua ddc diem sinh ly, sinh thai de bao ton da dang tai nguyen sinh hpc dc gao d huyen Chg Lach. Bao cao long ket de tai, 217 Uang.
18. Pechenik, J. A. 2000. Biology of the invertebrate. The McGraw- Hill Companies, Inc.
19. Peharda, M., Ivona Mladineo, Jaksa Bolotin, Lovorka Kekez and Bosko Skaramuca, 2006.
The reproductive c\cle and potential protandric development ofthe Nojih Ark shell.
Area noae L. Implication for aquaculture.
Aquaculture 252: 317-327.
20. Quayle, D.B. and G.F. Newkirk, 1989.
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21. Ricciardi, A.and J.B.Rasmussen, 1998.
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22. Rodriguez-Jaramillo C . M.A. Hurlado, E.
Romero-Vivas, J.L. Ramirez, M. Manzono and E. Palacios, 2008. Gonadal development and histochemistry ofthe Uopical oyster, Crassostrea corteziensis during an annual reproductive cycle. Joumal of Shellfisheries Research, 27(5):1129-1141.
23. Tryong Quoc Phii. 1999. Dac Qiem sinh trydng ciia ngheu Meretrix lyrata viing bien Go Cdng Dong, Tien Giang. Tuyen tap bdo cao khoa hpc hpi thao dpng vat thdn mem toan quoc lan thu nhdt. Nha xudt ban Nong nghiep: 169-175.
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