HQI NGHj KHOA HQC TOAN QUOC VE SINH THAI VA TAI NGUYgN SINH VAT LAN THO" 5 ^
DAN LIEU B i r d c ©AU
VE THANH PHAN LOAI CA T^I HAI XA BA NAM VA BA XA, HUYEN BA TO, T I N H QUANG NGAI
HOANG AIVH TUAN Bdo tdng Thien nhien Viet Nam,, Vi?n Hdn ldm Khoa hgc vd Cdng ngh? Vi^i Nm
NGUYEN XUAN H u S Trudng Dal hgc Khoa hgc tir nhien,
Dgi hgc Qudc gia HaNgi Nghien cim cd nude ngpt d nude ta da dugc edc nhd khoa hpc trong nude va nude ngodi quan tdm nghien cihi tu nhimg nam 1881 trd lai day. Ket qud dd da dat dugc nhieu thdnh tim to ion gop phdn cho viec phdi trien nghe ca tron^ ea nude. Tuy nhien viec nghien ciiu mdi chi tap trung vao cac con sdng ldn vd cac lodi cd kinh te, cdn d vimg sau, vimg xa va dac biet nguon lgi cd suoi, ca hang dgng cdn it dugc cdc nhd khoa hpc quan tdm nghien cun (Nguyin Van Hao, 2005). j
Ba To Id mgt trong 6 huyen midn niii, ndm v6 phia Tay Nam eua tinh Qudng N ^ i , Id huyen cd dien tich ldn nhat trong tinh vdi 1.132,54km^ chiem 1/5 dien tich toan tinh. Dja hinh ciia Ba To chii yeu Id ddi nui (chiem 4/5 dien tich toan huyen), thung lung vd virc song xen ke. BaTo cung Id huyen cd nhiSu sdng Idn nhu: Sdng Reh, sdng Lien, sdng Vuc Liem Id thugng ngam
ciia eae eon sdng ldn ciia tinh Qudng Ngai. s Den nay vdn chua cd cdng trinh nao cdng bo ve thdnh phdn lodi cd tai noi day. De gop phin'
ddnh gia gia tri sinh hpc va gid trj da dang ngudn gen, bai bdo nay cdng bd danh muc thanh phlnl lodi cd cua 2 xa Ba Nam va Ba Xa dua tren sd mdu da dugc thu th^p va phdn tich trong nSin' 2011 va 2012.
I. VA.T LIEU VA PHUONG PHAP NGHIEN CUtJ
Hinh 1. Bdn dd dia diim thu mdu tgi khu v\rc nghiin cihi 842
HQI NGHI KHOA HQC T O A N Q U Q C V £ SINH THAI VA T A I NGUYEN SINH VAT L A N THU 5 Ndiien ciiu dugc tiln hanh qua 2 dpt dieu tra, khdo sdt thirc dia tai khu vuc thudc 2 xa Ba fjam va Ba Xa, huyen Ba To, tinh Qudng Npai tii ngdy 26/5-5/6 nam 2011 va tir ngay 10/03- 25/03 ndm 2012. Mdu ca dugc thu true tiep bang cac loai ngu cu khac nhau nhu: Ludi, vgt, kich jien 12V, ngoai ra cdn dugc thu mua tii ngudi daii dia phuang. Cac mlu cd sau khi thu thdp j u ^ chyp anh, deo die (ghi ro thdi gian va dia diem thu mdu), sau dd dugc xii ly, dinh hinh l^g dung dich formalin 5% (J. Freyhof&D. V. Serov, 2000) va dugc chuyin vl phan tich, dinh loai, bdo quan tai Phdng Sinh hpc, Bao tang Thien nhien Viet Nam.
Ben c?uih thu mau cd chung tdi tiln hanh dilu tra, phdng vdn ngu dan dia phuong vl tinh trjng khai thdc, dp thudng gap, gid tri kinh t l cua tiing loai tren co sd md td clii tilt vd kem theo Snhcuachfing.
Mdu cd dugc phdn tich, dinh loai theo phuong phdp so sanh hinh thai cua Pravadin (1963).
Vi^c djnh loai chii ylu dua tren cac tai lieu: Nguyin Van Hao (2005), Kotlelat (2000), Rainboth (1996), J. Freyhof&D.V. Serov. Trinh tu cae bp, hp dugc sdp xdp theo he thdng phdn loai ciia Eschmeyer(1998).
ILKfiT QUA NGHIEN CtV VA THAO L U ^ L Danh l^c vd cau true thanh phan lodi
Trong thdi gian nghien ciiu tir ndm 20! 1 din ndm 2012 chimg tdi da thu thap dugc tdng s5 255 mdu cd trong dd cd 40 lodi cd mdu. Dua tren co sd phan tich cdc mdu cd da thu dugc ket hpp vdi dieu tra phong vdn ngudi dan dja phucmg chimg tdi da ghi nhan dugc tdng sd 43 lodi thupc 17 hp va 7 bp t^i khu vire nghien ciru (bang 1 vd bdng 2).
Bdng I
TT
1
2
3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Danh lyc thanh phan loai ca t ^ i hai xa B a N a m va T§n khoa hpc
OTEOGLOSSI FORMES Noptoteridae
Notoptems notoptems (Pallas. 1769) ANGUILLIFORMES
Anguillidae Anguilla marmorata (Quoy&Gaimard, 1824) CYPRINI FORMES Cyprinidae
Onychostoma geriacW (Peters, 1881) Gana fuliginosa (Fowler, 1934) Acfie*tognatfit/s(onkff]ens/s{Vaillant. 1892) AcheSonathus baibatutus (Gunther, 1873) Opsariichthys bidens (Gunther. 1873) Rasbora paviana (Tirant. 1885) Rasbora argyrotaenia {Bleeker, 1850)
Ten U§ng Vi^t B O C A THAT LAT Hp ca That lat Ca That lat B O C A CHINH Hp ca Chinh Ca Chinh hoa BQ CA CHEP Hp ca Chep Cd Nien Ca SiH mui Ca The be Ca The be Ca Quae Ca Long tong pavi Ca Long long da
B a X a , KT
+
+ huyen
1
NT B a T f f
2
VU 3
+
+
+ 4
M
M
M M M M M M M
HOl NGHI KHOA HOC T O A N Q U O C V t SINH THAI VA TAI N G U Y E N SINH VAT L A N THO-S
J
3~ ~TT 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19
20 21
22 23 24
25 26 27 28 29
30 31
32
Ten khoa hpc Rhodeus sp/na//s(0shima, 1926) Puntius brevis (Bleeker. 1850) Puntius semifassiotatus (Gunther, 1868) Poropuntius laoensis (Gunther. 1868) Poropuntius bolovenensis (Roberts. 1998) Carrasius auratus (Linnaeus, 1758) i-iemibarbus medius (Yue, 1995) Cypnnus capno (Linnaeus. 1758) Ctenopharyngodon idellus (Valenciennes, 1844) C//7f)/nusmriga/a (Hamilton, 1822) Cobitidae
Cobitis laoensis (Saugave, 1878) ti^isgumus anguillicaudatus (Cantor, 1842) Nemacheilidae fi^icronemacheilus taeniatus (Peliegrin & Chevey, 1936) Schistura carbonaria (FreyhofS Serov, 2001) Schistura fasciolata (Nichols & Pope. 1927) Balitoridae
Annamia normani (Hora. 1931) Sewellia marmorata (Serov, 1996) Sewellia tineotata (Valenciennes, 1846) Sewellia breviventralis
(Freyhof & Serov, 2000) Sewellia sp.
SILURIFORMES Bagridae
Tacbysurus virgatus (Oshima, 1926) Mystusgulio (Hamilton, 1822) Siluridae
Pterocryptis cochlnchinensis (Valenciennes, 1840)
Tdn tilng Vi^t Ca Budm Ca Gam Ca Dong dong Ca Chat lao Ca Chat Cd Diec
Ca Chep Ca Tram cd Ca Troi mrigal Hp ca Ch|ch Ca Chgch hoa lao Ca Chach biin
Ca Ch^ch suoi Ca Chgch suoi Ca Gh^ch suoi Hp ca Bam da Ca Bam da CaDep Ca Dep thudng Ca Ddp ngdn
BO CA NHEO Hp ca Lang
Hp ca Nheo
CaTheo
KT
+ + +
+ 1
EN
EN VU CR
2 3
+
*
+
*
4 U M M M U U H Q
a
Q
M M M M M M
"i
M M U M M
M M
1
HOI NGHI KHOA HOC TOAN QUOC VE SINH T H A I V A T A I N G U Y E N SINH VAT LAN THLf 5
TT
W 34 35
•-
36
"
37
38
39 40 41 '42
'
43TSn khoa hpc Sisoridae
G/ypfotfJo/ax sp.
Pseudecheneis sp.
Clariidae
C/arias tiafrac/ii/s (Linnaeus, 1758) CYPRINODONTI FORMES Poeciliidae
Gambusia affinis (Baird & Girard, 1853) S Y B R A N C H I F O R M E S
Sybranchidae
fJlonoplems albus (Zouiew, 1793) Mastacembelidae
Masfacemfie/us armatus (Lacepfede, 1800) PERCIFORMES Eleotridae
Oxyeleotris marmorata (Bleeker, 1852) Gobiidae
R/i/nogoli/ussp, Channidae
Channa gachua (Hamilton, 1822) Channa stnata (Bloch. 1793) Anabantidae
Anabas testudineus (Bloch, 1793)
Ten t i i n g Vi#t Hp ca Chien Cd Chien suoi Ca Chien thae Hpca Tre Ca Tre tring B Q C A S O C Hp ca An mudi Ca An muoi BO LU-CTN Hp Liron Luon ddng Hp ca Chach song Ca Chgch song BQ CA VU-QC Hp ca B6ng den Ca Bong tugng Hp ca Bdng trdng Ca Bong trdng Hp cd Chuoi Cd Loc suoi CdXpp Hp ca Ro ddng Ca Ro dong
KT
+
+
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+;DN
+ + +
1 2 3
+
+ +
+
+ + +
4
M M M
M
M
M
M M M M M Ghichu: DN: Loai du nhap; Q: Loai quan sdt; M: Loai co mau vdt; KT: Loai co gia trj kinh te; 1. IUCN 2012 vd Danh lyc Do cda IUCN 2012; 2. Danh luc Do Viet Nam 2007; 3. Ngudn lgi IhiJy san Vi?t Nam (BO thiiy sdn, 1996); 4. Kit qua khao sdt ttr nam 2011-2012.
Tinh da dang ciia ca ve bac ho, bac loai tai hai xa B a N a m va B a X a
TT 1 1 3 4 5 6 7
Ten Vift Nam B? ca ThSl lat Bfca Chinh BQ d Chip BO ca Nheo B j ca S4c BQ ca Mang Ii4n B§ ca Vu-gc
Ten khoa hpc Osteoglossiformes Anguilliformes Cyprinlfonnes Siiurlformes Cypnnodontifomies Synbranchifomies Perciformes T6ng C9ng
H9 n 1 1 4 4 1 2 4 17
5,88
%
5,88 23,5 23,5 5,88 11,8 23,5 100
Loai n 1 1 27 6 1 2 5 43
2,33
%
2,33 62.8 14 2,33 4,65 11,6 100 Bhl chi: n-L4 s6 lining (hg hoac loai).
HOl NGHI KHOA HQC T O A N Q U O C V £ SINH T H A I V A TAI N G U Y E N SINH VAT L A N THU 5 Qua phdn tich sd lieu da xdc dinh dupe bp caChep (Cypriniformes) la bd da dang nhat voi;
4 hp (chiem 23,5%) va 27 lodi (chiem 62,8%). Bp cd Thdt lat (Osteoglossiformes), bp ca Chinh' (Anguilliformes) va bp cd Soc (Cyprinodonliformes) Id 3 bd cd sd ho va so lodi it nhat chi co 11 hp (chigm 5,88%) va I lodi (chiem 2,33%).
Trong 43 lodi da thu thap duffc cd 1 loai thupc gidng cd Chien thdc {Pseudecheneis sp.), 1 '•
loai thupc gidng cd chien sudi {Glyplothorax sp.) trong hp cd Chien (Sisoridae), I loai thuQc gidng cd Dep {Sewellia sp.) trong hp cd Bam da (Balitoridae), I loai thupc gidng ca Bong {Rhinogobius sp.) trong hp cd Bdng trang (Gobiidae) chira djnh loai dugc den lodi bdng cac tai lieu hien cd.
2. Cac loai ca cd gia tri kinh te 1 Theo tieu chi ciia Bd Thuy sdn Viet Nam, 1996 nghien cdu nay da xdc djnh dupe 14 loaica^l
cd gia tri kinh te (chiSm 32,55% tdng sd lodi). Trong dd cd 2 loai cd gid tri kinh te cao, dii^c ngirdi dan dja phucmg ua dung, ed gia ban ta! chg Ba To la: Ca Chinh hoa (5OO.OOO-700.0i)0|
ddng/lkg) vd ca Nien (200.000-300.000 ddng/lkg). | 3. Cac lodi ca quy hiem
Trong qud trinh nghien cuu lai cdc luu virc sdng sudi thupc hai xa Ba Nam va Ba Xa, da ^i nh$n dugc 6 lodi cd quy hiSm, chilm 13,95% (bang 3)
Danh sach cac loai ca quy hi^m tai khu vurc nghien ciru TT
1 2 3 4 5 6
Ten khoa h^c Anguilla mannorata (Quoy & Gaimard, 1824) Onychostoma gedachi (Peters. 1881) Poropuntius bolovenensis (Roberts. 1998) Sewellia marmorata (Serov, 1996) Sewellia lineolata (Valenciennes. 1846) Sewellia breviventralis (Freyhof & Serov.
2000)
Ten Viet Nam Ca Chinh hoa Ca Nien ca Chat CaBep ca Sep thifcrng Ca Bep ngan
IUCN 2012 LC NT EN EN VU CR
SDVN 2007 VU
Ghichu: IUCN 2012 = Danh lyc Dd cua IUCN 2012: CR: Cue kJ nguy cap; EN: Nguy cap, VU: Se nguyl cdp, LC: it lo ngai, NT: Gdn bj de doa, DD: Chua du dii lieu. SDVN 2007: Sach Dd Viet NSm 2007. j
Tinh trang khai thdc ngudn lgi ca bira bai bang cae ngu cu mang tinh hiiy dipt nhu kicii|
di?n, nd min, da lam suy giam nhanh chdng sd lugng cac loai thuy sinh vat dac bift la cdc loai ca sudi. Su cd mat cua cdc lodi cd ndy cd y nghTa rat Idn ve mat khoa hpc trong danh gid tinh da dang sinh hpc tai vung nui thudc huyen Ba Ta, tinh Quang Ngai. Do do chung can dirpc bdoVf- phyc hdi va phdt trien.
HI. KET LUAN
Budc ddu da xac djnh dugc thdnh phdn Iodi ca tai hai xa Ba Nam va Ba Xa, huy?n Ba TO,]
tinh Quang Ngai gom cd 43 loai thudc 33 gidng, 17 hp vd 7 bp. Da d^ing nhdt la bp cd Chep (Cyprinidae) vdi 27 loai (chl6m 62,8%). Trong 43 loai da ghi nhdn dugc cd 14 Ioai ca cd giaW kinh te (chiem 32,55%) va 6 loai ca quy hiSm (chiem 13,95%).
HQI NGHI KHOA HOC T O A N Q U O C V £ SINH THAI V A TAI NGUYEN SINH VAT LAN THt> 5 TAI U | U THAM KHAO
1 B$ Thiiy sdn, 1996. Ngudn lpi thuy sdn Viet Nam. NXB. Ndng nghiep. Ha Noi.
2 Chi eye Th6ng k€ Qudng Ng5i, 2005. Nien gidm thdng ke tinh Qudng NgSi 2005.
3 Freyhof J., D. V. Serov, 2000. Explor. Freshwater: 217-240.
4 Freyhof J., D.V. Serov, 2001. Explor. Freshwater: 133-188.
5 NguySn Van Hao, 2005. Ca nude ngpt Viet Nam. NXB. Ndng nghiep. Ha Noi, tap 2, tap 3.
6. Maurice Kotfelat, 2000. Fishes Of Laos. The World Bank, The World Conservalion Union, WWF.
! 7. Pravdin I. F., 1963. Hudng ddn nghiSn ciiu ca, Pham Thi Minh Giang djch (1973). NXB. KHKT, mN$i.
8. Rainboth W.J., 1996. Fishes ofthe Cambodian Mekong. FAO, Rome.
9 William N. Eschmeyer, 1998. Catalog of fishes, Published by the California Academy of Sciences, U S A V o L l , 2 , 3 .
SPECIES COMPOSITION OF THE ICHTHYOFAUNA OF THE BA NAM AND BA XA COMMUNES, B A T O DISTRICT, QUANG NGAI PROVINCE
HOANG ANH TUAN, NGUYEN XUAN MUAN SUMMARY
Field study on the diversity of freshwater fishes was conducted in Ba Nam and Ba Xa communes, Ba To dislricL Quang Ngai province in 2011 and 2012. Based on our collection, we recorded 43 species of 33 genera, 17 families, seven orders from these communes The most diverse order is Cyprinidae with 27 recorded species (representative of 62.8% of the total species number). We also identified 14 species (w 32.55% of the total species number) of economic value and six species (or 13.95%) are being Bireatened. comprising five species listed in the IUCN Red List (2012) as globally threatened and one spedes listed in the Red Data Book of Vietnam (2007) as nationally threatened.
