Tgp chi Khoa hgc Tnr&ng Dai hgc Can Tha Phan A- Khoa hgc Ttr nhien. Cong nghi vd Moi tnr&ng: 30 (2014): 84-93
Tap chi Khoa hoc Tru'dng Dai hoc Can 1\\6 website: sj.ctu.edu.vn
PHAN VUNG SINH THAI NONG NGHIEP DU*A TREN DAC TINH TAI NGUYEN NlTdC MAT t ^ I TINH SOC TRANG Nguyin Thi My Linh', Nguyin Van Be^, Van Ph?m Dang Tri', Mai Thi Ha' va Pham Le MJ Duyen^
' Khoa Moi trudng & Tdi nguyen Thiin nhiin, Trucmg Dgi hgc Cdn Tha
^ Phong Hap tdc Quoc ti, Trudng Dgi hoc Cdn Tha Thong tin chung:
Ngdy nhgn: 10/09/2013 Ngdy chdp nhgn: 25/02/2014 Title:
Agro-ecological zoning based on surface water resources dynamics in the Soc Trang province Tie khda:
Vimg sinh thdi nong nghiep, sd dung ddt dai. PRA, KIP, GIS, vd tdi nguyin nude mat Keywords:
Agro-ecological zones, land use, PRA, KIP, GIS, and (surface) water resources
ABSTRACT
Agro-ecological zoning based on the properties of surface water resources keeps an essential role in making proper development plans of agriculture and aquaculture sectors. The integrated approach, including the Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) cmd Key Informant Panel (KIP) approach, field surveys and geo-spatial analysis, was applied to understand the changes of farming systems (from 2009 to 2012) due to impacts of surface water resources and hydrological settings changes in the Soc Trang province. The obtained results showed that there were existing three agro-ecological zones, including: fresh (surface) water zone, seasonal saline (surface) water zone and permanent saline (surface) water zone. In addition, thirty-six sub agro-ecological zones were divided with detailed spatial surface water resources and hydrological setting, providing a proper base for natural resources planning.
Phdn viing sinh thdi nong nghiip dua trin dgc tinh tdi nguyin nirdc mat Id ca sd quan trong nhdm ho trg cong tdc qui hogch sd dtmg ddt nong nghiip vd nuoi trong thuy sdn. Phirong phdp ddnh gid nhanh nong thdn co sir tham gia ciia ngudi ddn (PRA), phong vdn nhom chuyin gia (KIP) vd dieu tra thtrc ti kit hgp vdi viec su dung cong nghe hi Ihong thong tin dia ly (GTS) duoe sir difng di ddnh gid sir thay doi ciia cdc hi thong canh tdc tir ndm 2009 din ndm 2012 dudi tdc dgng cita sy biin dgng cua nguon tdi nguyin nude mat vd dgc tinh thiiy vdn trong viing nghien cuu. Kit qud nghien ciru da xdc dinh dugc 3 vimg sinh thdi nong nghiep trin dia bdn tinh Sde Trdng trong diiu kiin hiin tgi, bgo gom: vimg nggt quanh ndm, viing man quanh ndm vd vimg man theo mua. Ngodi ra, 3 viing sinh thdi nong nghiep chinh ndy ciing dd duge ehia thdnh 36 tiiu phdn viing vdi qui mo khdng gian nho han vd dgc tinh tu nhiin ehi tiit han - ddy Id ca sd quan trgng nham ho trg cdng tdc qui hogch sir dung nguon tdi nguyin dugc hiiu qud han.
1 MO DAU
Ding bing song Ciiu Long (DBSCL) la vung dit ngip nude Idn nhat Vigt Nam, cd tinh da dang
sinh hpc cao v i li mdt fron^ cac viing nhgy cam vdi sir thay dii cua cic ylu td thdi tilt cyc doan va khi hgu thay dii (Tuan & Guido, 2007; Ll Anh
Tgp chi Khoa hgc Tnr&ng Dgi hgc Cdn Tha Phan A: Khoa hgc Tir nhien. Cdng nghi va Mdi Inr&ng: 30 (2014): 84-93 Tuin & Nguyin Vin Be, 2008; Mainuddin et at.,
2010; Apel et al., 2012). Dudi tic dpng ciia biln dii khi hau, su thay dii luu lugng nude mat tu thupng ngudn sdng Mekong va viee phat trien cac h? thing cdng trinh thuy lpi (phuc vu cho sin xuit nong nghiep va nudi trdng ibdy sin tten toan dong bang) ed the lim thay doi i ^ d n tai nguyen nude m§t hi^n cd ciia toan vimg (Nguyin Hiiu Trung el al., 2012). Do do, khi nang cung cip nude mat (d$c bilt la cho eac boat ddng sin xuit nong nghiep va diiiy sin) ciia toan DBSCL d hien tai vi frong tuong lai la vin dl dang dugc quan tim.
Viec phan viing sinh thai nong nghiip dugc thyc hien kha nhieu frIn thi gidi ttong thdi gian qua, ehii ylu dua ttIn dae tinh moi trudng dat (Mertens & Silverman. 2005; Leopold, 2010;
Fischer et ai, 2012); ttong khi do, cac ylu t l liln quan din dpng thii ngudn tai nguyin nude mit (dac biet la sy thay ddi theo eae thing ttong nim) vln eon it dupe quan tam. (3 DBSCL, phin viing sinh thii ndng nghiep da duge thuc hien tu nhiing nim 1980; tuy nhiin vile phin ehia nay chii ylu dya tren eac die tinh dja mgo (vi du: Vo Tong Xuin & Matsui, 1998) (Hinh I).
Soc Trang la tinh ven bien. nim d phia Nam cda sdng Hiu ciia DBSCL va eo dja hinh tuong doi thip vi bing phing. Sdc Tring la viing cd nguin tai nguyen da dgng, ti diiu kiln di phit triin kinh ti. Trong thdi ^an gan day, bit Igi Idn nhat eho phit triln sin xuit nong nghiep cua tinh bao gom sy thay ddi bat thudng ciia dilu kiln thdi tilt, dac bift la tinh ttgng nggp cue bp do tie dpng eua trieu cudng cung nhu sy suy giim tii nguyin nude mat do cdng tic xiy dung cic dap ngin min. Theo kich ban nude bien dang thi Sdc Trang se la mpt trong 10 tinh d DBSCL chju tic dpng nghiim ttpng ttong tuong lai; cu thi, nlu muc nude bien dang eao 1 met vao n5m 2100, Soc Tring se bi ngip khoang 45% tong dien tieh dit tu nhien khi ttilu thip vi nggp frIn 72% tdng diln tich dat ty nhiin khi frieu eao (MRC, 2009; Schmitt et al.. 2013).
Nghiin ciiu niy da duge thyc hien vdi muc tilu tdng quit la xiy dyng ban do phin vung sinh thai nong nghiip tten co sd phin tich die tinh cia nguon tai nguyin dat va dpng thii ciia nguin tii nguyin nude mit theo khong gian va thdi gian; cy the nhu sau:
Xac dinh hien trang tai nguyen dit, tii nguyen nude mat va hien ttang su dyng dit dai; vi,
Danh gia mli quan he giira ddng thai nguin tai nguyin nude mat \ a sd dung dit dai (ttong giai dogn tir 2006 din 2012).
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Hinh 1: Ban d l phan vung sinh thai nong nghiep dua tren cac yeu to dia mao Vo-TdngXudn A Matsui. 1998
2 PHUONG PHAP NGHIEN CUtJ 2.1 Phuong phap thu thap so lieu thir cap va phdng van ndng ho
Cac so lieu ve ngudn tai nguyen nude mgt vi su dung dit dai duge thu thgp td Sd Tai nguyin va Moi trudng tinh Sdc Tring, niin giim thong ke tinh Sdc Trang tu nim 2006 din 2012. Sau do, eae sd lieu dugc kilm ehiing va bo sung thong qua vifc su dyng phuang phip dinh gia ndng thdn co sy tham gia cua ngudi din (Participatory Rural Appraisal - PRA) va phong vin tryc tilp cin bg phong Ndng nghiip vi Phat trien Nong thon tai cae huyen (KIP - Key Informant Panel) (Nguyin Duy c i n & Vromant, 2006).
Doi tupng chinh ciia PRA li nong dan sin xuit ndng nghiep d dia phuong vdi kinh nghiim sin xuit ttIn 5 nim. Cac cupc PRA di duge thue hifn tai 09 huyin cua tinh Soc Tring (My Tii, MJ Xuyin, Chiu Thanh, Nga Nim, Trin De, Long Phii. Thanh Tri, Kl Sach, vi VTnh Chiu) vdi su tham gia ciia khoing 180 nong din. Tgi mdi eupe PRA, 20 nong din (dgi dien cho eie hg frlng Ida, ciy an qua. miu, nuoi frong thuy sin) duge ehgn di dupe dieu tta ehi tilt han vl die tinh he thong canh tic cda nong hp cung nhu sy thay ddi cua cac he thdng canh tic nay theo thdi gian.
Tgp chi Khoa hgc Tru&ng Dgi hgc Cdn Tha Phdn A: Khoa hgc Ttr nhien. Cong nghe va Mdi tnrdng: 30 (2014)- 84-93 Ngoii ra, ket qua cua dieu tra PRA cflng nhu
kit qui phdng van nhdm KIP ciing cung cap them thdng tin dl kiim chiing vi hieu chinh mot s l thong tin duge cung cip tu Sd Tai nguyen v i Mdi trudng tinh Sdc Trang (nhu: ban do sd dyng dit dai nam 201(), hifn trang phin bl ciing nhu hoat dpng ciia he thing cae cong ttinh thuy Igi trin toin tinh).
2.2 Phirong phap xir ly sl lieu khdng gian Hifu ehinh co sd du lieu (bin d l vi thugc tinh) eho cie phin vimg sinh thii nong r^hifp frIn nin ban do hien ttang sd dyng dit dai nam 2010 cua Sd Tai nguyen va Moi trudng tinh Soc Trang. Cae don vi bin dd eiia bin do phan viing sinh thii ndng nghiep tten dja ban tinh duge xiy dung dua tten viec ching lip cae bin dl thupc tinh nhu: Son^ / kenh - hien ttang ca sd hg ting thuy Igi, ngudn tai nguyin dit, tai nguyen nude mat va su dyng dit dai.
3 KfeT QUA VA THAO LUAN 3.1 Hifn tr^ng tii nguyin nirdc mit va hifn trang su dung dit dai
3.1.1 Hiin trgng ldi nguyen nude mat u. Phdn bo mua
Lugng mua ttIn dia ban tinh Sdc Tring eo su biln dpng dang kl doi vdi cac khu vuc ven biln (dien hinh la huyfn VTnh Chiu) vi eac vung ben ttong n^i ding (diln hinh la huyen Nga Nam);
cy thi;
0 viing ven bien, lugng mua tip trung nhieu vao cac thing 10-11 va den thing 12 d khu vuc niy van con mua (vdi vii lugng thap ban); va,
d khu vuc npi dong mua tap trung nhilu vao thing 9 va den thing 12 khu vyrc niy khdng con mua niia.
Theo Cue thdng ke tinh Sdc Trang (2011) eui^
nhu kit qui dieu tta PRA, ttong nhiing nim gin day (2010-2013) su phan bl lugng mua cd su biln dpng ding kl ei ve yeu td thdi gian vi via lugng (Hinh 2). Su thay doi vl phin bfl mua di giy ra nhiing inh hudng tilu cue din qui trinh sin xuat nong nghiep va nudi frong thuy sin eua ngudi dan.
Rieng trong nam 2010, mua ldn va keo dai liln tuc ttong khoing 21 ngay d thing 9 di giy ra tinh ttang ngip iing cue bd vi lam inh hudng din nang suit lua tten dia ban mgt so huyen nhu Nga Nim, My Xuyin vi Vinh Chiu. Ngoii ra, vile miia mua din fri dan din tinh ttang thieu nude ngpt va lam anh hudng den ljch thdi vy eua vy He Thu. Them vio dd, vile xuit hiin mua trdi miia Iim ngip iing difn tich hoa mau, giam nang suat eiia eac hogt dgng nudi trong thiiy sin va dilm nghiip d huyen VTnh Chiu (Pham Le My Duyen ., 2012). cung nhu giim dp man nude mgt gay anh hudng tilu cue din hogt ddng nudi tdm nude man d Tran De va MJ Xuyin. Tuy nhien, dii vdi nhiing khu vye ttlng. lua, hoa mau (Kl Sich, Chiu Thinh, MJ Tu va Long Phu), mua trdi miia cd the giup han ehe khd han ttong nhiing thing miia khd.
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HIHinh 2: T^ng lugng mua theo thang qua cac nam 2009,2010 va 2011 tren d|a ban tinh Soc Trang Ngudn: Cue thdng ke tinh Soc frang. 2011
Tgp chi Khoa hgc Tnr&ng Dgi hgc Cdn Tha b. Hi thdng song kenh chi phdi nguon ldi
nguyin nude mat
Nguin tai nguyen nude mat trin he thong kinh rgeh tten dja bin tinh Sde Tring chiu tic dong ragnh me bdi che do diuy vin sdng Hgu vi thuy trilu biln Dong (Hinh 3); ttong do:
Nguin tai nguyin nude nggt (phuc vu eho boat dgng san xuit nong nghiep) dupe cung cip
I - Khoa hgc Tir nhien. Cdng nghi va Mdi tnt&ng: 30 (2014): 84-93 chii ylu td song Hiu va thong qua kenh Quin Lp - Phung Hiep; va,
Nguin tai nguyin nude man (phuc vu cho hogt dOng nuoi ttlng thiiy sin) dugc cung cap tir Bgc Lilu (dac biet la cic thing miia khd, td thing 12 din thing 4 nam sau) (thong qua kinh Quin Ld - Phung Hiep), song MJ Thanh (nude min quanh nam) vi true tilp td biln Dong.
Hibh 3: Ban do hudng nirdc mit tren he thong cac song/kenh chinh cua tinh Sdc Trang nim 2013 Vao miia khd (tu thing 12 nim trudc din thing
4 nam sau), nude tu thugng ngudn do vl it kit hgp vdi thuy ttieu dang eao dan den tinh ttgng nude min xim nhip siu vio npi dia. Thdi gian min bit dau td thing 1 vi kit thiic vio thing 4 (vdi dinh min la vao thing 2). Tii nim 2000 ttd lai diy, tinh hinh xam nhgp mgn ting din (ci vl phgm vi anh hudng va ning dp min). Cy thi. vao nim 2013, nude mgn dgt miic 3,8 - 4,0 96o theo sdng Hiu xam nhip vio thi ttan Kl Sach.
Nhim gia ting diln tich sin xuat liia vu 3. hf thong de bao ven sdng (dpc song Hiu va song My Thanh) di dugc phit ttiln lim giim ding kl tinh trgng nhiim min frIn toan Hnh. Tuy nhien, dudi tic dgng cua viee phat triln cac he thing de bao nay nen vao miia mua, mot so viing thip ciia huyen Nga Nim, Chau Thanh vi Long Phii thudng hi nggp (do cac hf thdng niy lam can trd vifc thoit nude).
3.1-2 Hiin trgng sir difng ddt dai u. Dgc tinh dot tren dia bdn tinh Soc Trdng Dit trin dja bin tinh Sde Tring co ham lupng
set cao, chua nhilu chat hdu co. Do nim ttong vung anh hudng min vdi die tinh trflng/thap vi kho tilu thoit, nen phan Idn dit tten dia ban vimg nghien ciiu hi nhiim manhoac phen; dilu niy lim ban chl cac hoat dgng sin xuat nong nghifp va nuoi ttlng thiiy sin tten toin tinh (dgc bift la thdi ky diu miia mua). Hinh 4 thi hien su phin bo cua 4 nhom dit chinh ttIn dja ban tinh Soc Tring:
- Nhdm dit phu sa - dugc bli dip bdi ttam tich song Hgu.
- Nhdm dit phen - dugc die ttung bdi ting phen hogt dpng sau, tip trung chii ylu d eac vimg ttung phin bo d viing Dong - Bic ciia tmh.
- Nhom dat man - bao gdm cic dgng dit hi nhiim man it, tnmg binh vi nhilu; nhom dit nay chilm khoing 2/3 difn tich eua toan tinh.
- Dit gilng cit - dugc dge trung bdi cac dii dat gioi^ cat. tip trung phin nhilu d viing ven biln.
Tap chi Khoa hgc Tnr&ng Dgi hgc Can Tha Phdn A: Khoa hgc Ttr nhien. Cong nghi "^'o Mdi tnr&ng- 30 (2014): 84-93
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^m Di\ pliu SS
Hinh 4: Ban do cac nhdm Hit chinh tren dia ban tinh Sdc Trang (dugc c^p nhat nam 2013) b. Kiiu su dvng ddt
Dudi tic dpng eua ngudn tii nguyen dit va nude (bao gim ci nguon tii nguyin nude mat va mua), eac kieu sd dung dit dai tten dia bin tinh
Sde Tring (Hinh 5) cung co su thay doi; trong do, cic kilu su dung dit dai ehinh ttong hien tgi bao gom: Thim canh Iiia, va nudi ttdng thuy sin nude Ig / man.
Hinh 5: Ban dd sir dung dit tinh Soc Trang nam 2013
. „ I. ^ : TT,„ phAn-l Khoa hoc Ttr nhien. Cong nghi vd Mdi tru&ng-30 (2014): 844^
Tap chi Khoa hoc Tnr&ng Dai hoc Can Tha rnan.-) A/,O . , ^ . . -• - i.;£n vune CO neuin tii nguyin nude mit thay doi theo 3.2 Phan ving sinh tha, nong nghiep ™ S g frong „5m (nuoc ngot t6„ .,1 ti, thang 8 Die tinh sinh thai nong nghiep ttIn dia ban tinh ^^^ ^^^j tj,^ng i nam sau va cic thing con Igi Sdc Tring dugc phin chia thinh 3 viing khie nhau. ^^^^ ^^^ 1^ nude min). Kilu sd dung dit dai bao gim: Vung man quanh nim, vimg min theo ^^^^^^ ^^jg yj^g |^- i ^ 2 vu. chuyen mau, nuoi miia, va viing ngpt quarih nam. (Bang 1 va Hinh 6). ^^.^^^g ^•j^^y ggj, nude Ig, mpt phin nhd difn tich
Vimg 1 - CO diln tich khoang 43.613 ha ttdng ciy lau nim va rdng.
(khoang 14,83% diln tich toin tinh) vdi d§c tinh y^^ng 3 - cd dien tich khoang 432.147 ha nguon tai nguyin nude mat bi nhiem man quanh (khoing 46,94% diln tieh toan tinh). Vdi lgi the nim. Kiiu su dung dit dai ehinh cua vung la: liia ^^^^^ ^g^j ^^n tai quanh nim, diy la vung phat mgt vy, chuyen mau, nuoi trlng thuy sin man, ^-^^^ ^j^ng nghiep thuin lgi, phu hgp vdi nhilu mo trlng vi Iim muli. hjnh eanh tic. Kilu su dung dit dai chinh ciia vimg
- Vung 2 - CO diln tich khoing 112.433 ha la: ehuyen lua (2 vy ho^c 3 vy), nuoi frlng thuy (khoing 38,23% difn tich ciia loan tinh). Diy Ii sin nude ngpt, cay an qui va chuyen miu.
Bing 1: Kit qua phan viing sinh thai nong nghifp tinh Soc Trang nam 2012 Viing **''**'Ii!h Lo^'S" dung dit Logi dit Ljch thdi vu
Nuoi thiiy san (torn,
9.83 cua, ca keo, triing Dit mgn -Quanh nam actemia)
- Vy tdm tu thing 4 - thing 7;
Liia, miu, torn, Dit giong - Liia 1 vy tu thing 8 - thing 11.
muli cat - Mau: td thing 12-thing 3 - Muli: td thing 3- thing 6.
- Vy torn tir thing 5 - t h i n g 8;
Min Lua.mau,t6m, n 3 , „ 5 „ -Liia 1 vutu thing 9 - t h i n g 12.
quanh lc 1.20 ^^^.^ Dat mgn . ^ i u : tu thing 1-thing 3
"Sf" - Muli: td thing 3- than'g 6.
Id 1.33 Rimg. nuoi thuy san Pitman
i .1 - 1 vy Liia: thing 9 - t h i n g 12.
le 0.69 Liia. miu,tom ^ ^ ' ° " ^ -1 vu Mau: thing 1 2 - t h i n g 2 .
^____ Z. -Tom: 4 - t h i n g 7 . - 1 vy Liia: thing 9 - thai^ 12.
If 1.25 Liia, mau, tdm Dit man - Miu: thing 1 - 3 -Tom; t h i n g 4 - 7 . 1.37 Trong ciy lio nim Dat phii sa
Vimg canh tic 3 vu lua: : Vu 1 (HI -
„ ..ft ^i_ - 1 - Dit giong Thu): Td thing 4 - thing 7; Vu 2 (Ddng - 2b C O Chuyen lua ^., XuSn): Tir thang 8 - thang 11; Vu 3 (Xuan
- He): Tu thing 12 - thing 4.
Viing canh tic 3 vy Ida: : Vu 1 (He - on-^r-k - .- l:^^ - Thu): Tu thing 4 - thing 7; Vu 2 (Dong- 2c 8.93 Chuyen lua Dat man v - , T- .u- o ,... , , ir i ^v - Min Xuan): Tu thang 8-thang 11; Vy 3 (Xuan theo -He): Tu thing 12-thing 4.
miia - Vimg canh tae 3 vu lua: : Vy 1 (He - 2d 7.01 Chuyen lua Dit phen ^ ' ' * 7 i ' . " ; ? " « " " t ^ ^ "i ,^ v ^ l ^ v *-"
^ Xuan): Tu thang 8-thang 11; Vy 3 (Xuan - He): Td thing 12 - thing 4.
Vung canh tie 3 vu lua: : Vu 1 (He - 3e 7.01 Chuyen lua Bk phi. sa i;"";*;* *1",8 ^ " ^ f B ' : Vu 2 (Bong - Xuan): Tu thang 9 - thang 12; Vu 3 (Xuan - He): Tir thane 1 - thang 4.
Tgp chi Khoa hgc Tnr&ng Dgi hgc Cdn Tha Phan A: Khoa hgc Tir nhien. Cdng nghi vd Moi tru&ng: 30 (2014) 84-93
0.50 Chuyen liia
Vimg eanh tie 3 vy liia: : Vy I (He - Thu): Tu thing 3 - thing 6; Vy 2 (Dong - Xuin): Tu thing 7 - thing 10; Vy 3 (Xuin - He): Tu thing 11 - thing 2.
2g 0.03 Rimg Dat giong
0.09 Rimg + ciy liu nim Dit khae
21 2m
Ngpt quanh 3f
nim
0.23 Rdng Dit phen
0.11 Chuyin mau Dit giong Trdng quanh nim 0.10 Chuyin miu
1.28 Chuyin miu
Dit min Trdng quanh nim Dit phil sa Trong quanh nam
Liia v i nudi thuy
Vimg canh tie 2 vu lua - ci: Vu 1 (He - Thu): Tu thing 5 - thing 8; culi thing 8 la bit diu tha ea; vy 2 (Xuin - He): Td thing 01-thing 04.
Vimg sin xuat 2 vy lua - tdm: Vu 1 (He Thu): diang 5 - thing 9; Vu 2 (Dong - Xuin): culi thing 9-thang 12; thdi gian con !ai nuoi torn.
1.81 Nuoithiiysin Ditmin -Thing 3 - t h i n g 7; thing 8-thing 12."
2.05 Trong cay liu nam Dit phii sa 0.31 Trong cay liu nim Dat khae 0.38 Chuyen Ida
Vung canh tie 3 vu lua; : Vu 1 (He - Dit gilng Thu): Td thing 5 - thing 8; Vu 2 (Dong - cat Xuan): Tu thing 9 - thing 12; Vy 3 (Xuin
- He): Tu thing 1 - thing 4 14.96 Chuyen Ilia Ditmin
Vung canh tie 3 vy liia: : Vu 1 (He - Thu): Tu thing 4 - thing 7; Vu 2 (Dong - Xuan): Td thing 8 - t h i n g 11; Vu 3 (Xuin - He): Td thing 12 - thing 4.
17.46 Chuyen Ida Dat phen
Vung canh tic 3 vu lua: : Vu 1 (He - Thu): Tu tiling 3 - thing 6; Vy 2 (Dong - Xuin): Td thing 7 - thing 10; Vu 3 (Xuan - He): Td tiiang 11 - thing 2.
2.64 Chuyen lua
Vimg canh tie 3 vy Ida: Vy 1 (He -
; . . Thu): tu tiiang 5 - thing 7; Vu 2 (Dong - Dat phu sa ^^^^, ^^ ^^^ ^ _ ^^^^ j j ; Vu 3 (Xuin
- He): Td tiling 1 - thing 4^
1.22 Trlng Iiia vi mau Dit phen
- Vung canh tic 2 vu lua - 1 vy mau: Vy 1 (He - Thu): td thing 5 - thing 7; Vu 2 (Dong - Xuan): Tir thing 9 - thing 12; Vu mau: Tu thing 1 - thing 4.
1.54 Trlng liia va mau Dit phii sa
Vimg canh tic 2 vy liia - 1 vu mau: Vu 1 (He - Thu): tir thing 4 - tiling 8; Vy 2 (Dong - Xuin): Tu thing 8 - thing 12; Vy miu: Tu thing 1 - thing 3.
1.00 Trdng liia vi miu Dat khae 0.03 Rdng
1.25 Rung
Dat man Dit phen
Vung canh tic 2 vu lua - 1 vu miu: Vy 1 (He - Thu): tu thing 5 - thing 8; Vu 2 (Ddng - Xuin): Td thing 9 - tiiang 12; Vu mau: Tir thing 1 - thing 3.
Tgp chi Khoa hgc Tnr&ng Dgi hgc Cdn Tha Plidn A: Khoa hgc Ttr nhiSn. Cdng nghi vd .Mdi tnrang: 30 (2014): 84-93 3m
3n
0.02 Chuyen mau Dit man Quanh nam 0.46 Chuyen mau Dat phen Quanh nam
, Liia va nuoi thiiy Dit phen
Viing sin xuit 2 vu liia - tdm: Vy I (He Thu): thing 5- thing 9; Vy 2 (Dong - Xuan): 9-thang 12; thdi gian eon lai nuoi torn.
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3q
Lua, miu, nuoi thiiy - 1 vy Liia: thing 9 - thing 12.
Dit phen -1 vy Miu: thing 12 - t h i n g 2.
Tom: 4 - t h i n g 7.
0-93 Phi ndng nghiip Dit gidng
Hinh 6: Ban d l phan viing sinh thai 4 KET LUAN VA DE XUAT
4.1 Kit lugn
Kit qui phan viing sinh thii nong nghiip dua tten die tinh tii nguyin nude mit eiia tinh Soc Trang da xac djnh dugc 03 vting sudi thii nong nghifp chinh: vimg min quanh nam, viing min theo miia vi viing ngpt quanh nim; bin canh do, 36 tiiu vimg cung di dugc xac dinh. Ngoii ra, vile xic djnh phin vung sinh thii ndng nghiep dya ttin sy biln dgng ciia d^c tinh tai nguyin nude mat theo khdng gian va thdi gian ^lip cho vifc djnh hudng xay dyng qui hogch su dung dit nong nghifp va nudi ttong tiiuy sin - diy la nin ting quan ttpng hd
nong nghiep tinh Soc Trang nam 2012
ttg phit ttiln kinh tl - xa hgi eua rtmg vung sinh thii, eung^ nhu toin tinh Soc Trang theo hudng In dinh vi bin vthig.
Phuang p h ^ nghien cuu ting hgp (bao gim:
(i) Dinh gii nhanh ndng thdn cd su tham gia ciia ngudi din (PRA), phdng vin nhdm chuyen gia (KIP) va dieu tra nong hp dupe su dyng dk thu thgp thong tin tir chinh quyin vi ngudi dan dia phuong;
vi, (ii) HI thing thdng tin dia ly (GIS) dugc su dung dl thi hifn cic tiidng tm dugc thu tiiip vl mat khong gian) dugc xic dinh la phuong phip nghiin ciiu hieu qua vi dip irng yeu ciu eua myc tieu dugc dit ra.
Tgp chi Khoa hgc Trucmg Dai hgc Cdn Tha
4.2 De xuat
Trong nghien eiiu nay, cic phin vung sinh thai ndng nghifp dugc phan chia dua vao cae dieu Iciln tu nhien vi hf thong canh tic ttong dieu kiln hiin tai. Trong tuong lai, khi dae tinh cua nguon tii nguyen nude (bao gom ca tai nguyen nude mat, nude dudi dit va mua) cd su thay doi, die tinh cua timg phan vung nay se cd sy thay ddi ding kl, vi do vay ein cd nhiing nghien cdu ve sau de mo phdng su thay dii cua eae phan vung sinh thii ndng nghiep hien ed.
Trong nghiin cuu nay, yeu td nude dudi dat chua duge dua vao nhu mdt phin quan trgng cua phin vimg sinh thii nong nghiip; nhiing nghiin edu ttong thdi gian sap tdi can dinh gii sau hon vl su thay doi tinh chat cua nude dudi dat len he thong sin xuit ndng nghiip vi thuy sin d timg phan viing nay. Ngoii ra, cin cd nhimg nghiin ciru sau ban ve quy hoach sd dyng cic tieu vimg smh thii vi cd nhung nghien ciiu thue nghiem de de xuit dinh hudng eho eac hogt dgng sin xuit ndng nghiep va thCiy sin hgp 1^ hon doi vdi timg tilu vung sinh thii.
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO
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ding d huyfn VTnh Chau, tinh Soc Tring.
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