Mghien ciiu • Trao ddl
I
XAY Dl/NG M O T S 5 B A N G P H A N LOAI THdNG K£
KHOA HOC VA C O N G N G H £ CHO VI^T NAM
CN Thil Thl Huong Ui, ThS Cao Mlnh Ki^m Cifc Thdng tin Khoa hgc vd Cdng nghl Qudc gia l^ giii sir cdn thih vi di xuit cic nguyin tiic xiy difng bing phin logi titSngHf KH& CN cho Vift Nam. Mi li chi tiit vi nSu ra sif khic biit vdi cic nu&ceHaba bing phin lofi thing kiKHiCN Vi^Nam: Bing phin lofi llnh vuc nghien cihi KH&CN, Bing phin logi muc tiiu kinh ti-xS hfi ciia hogt d$ng KH&CN vi Bing phin hot dang hoat dfng KH&CN.
T
rong cdng t i c thdng ke ndi chung v i thdng ke khoa hpc vi cdng nghe (KH&CN) ndi rieng, cic bing phan loai thdng ke cd vai trd r i t quan trgng. Khoan 3 Dilu 4 Luat Thdng ke ciia Viet Nam nam 2003 da quy dinh hoat ddng thdng ke phii tuan thii nguyen tac "thong nhat ve ch! lieu, bieu mau, phuang phdp tinh, bdng phdn logi, dan vi do luong, nien do thong ke vd bdo dam tinh so sdnh quoc te ". Luat ciing quy dinh rd co quan nio cd tham quyIn ban hinh cic bing phin loai su dung trong cdng tic thdng kd.Nghi dinh 30/2006/ND-CP ngiy 29/3/2006 cua Chinh phu v l thdng ke KH&CN quydinh hoat ddng thdng ke KH&CN cin sii dung mdt sd bing phan loai thdng kd KH&CN thdng nhit trong ca nudc, bao gdm Bing phan loai linh vuc nghien ciiu KH&CN, Bing phan loai muc tieu kinh tl-xa hdi ciia boat ddng KH&CN, Bing phan loai dang hoat dpng KH&CN va mdt sd bang phan loai khic. De triln khai
.•f 'lif I III I liTTiHliirori i i i i M M M i * . ; ^ ^ M |
cdng tic thong ke KH&CN theo tinh thin Nghi dinh 30/2006/ND-CP, dap ling nhu ciu v l bing phan loai thdng kd KH&CN, Bd KH&CN da giao Trung tam Thdng tin KH&CN Quoc gia (nay l i Cue Thdng tin KH&CN Qudc gia) du thio v i trinh lanh dao Bo ban hinh mdt sd bing phan loai thdng ke KH&CN.
Bii vilt nay gidi thieu mdt sd net ve bing thdng ke KH&CN v i viec xay dung mdt sd bang phan loai thong ke KH&CN chd Viet Nam gdm: Bang p h i n loai llnh vuc nghien cuu KH&CN, Bing phin loai muc tidu kinl te-xa hdi ciia boat ddng KH&CN va B i n g phin loai dang hoat dpng KH&CN.
1. Fhfin loai v i b i n g ph&n loai thong ke
1.1. Phin logi vi bang phin logi Phan loai l i su phan ehia va sap xep cic su v | t , hidn tugng v i c i c khii niem theo mdt trat tu nhit dinh, d nhung cap THONG TIN vd TVUlU - 3+4/2012
m ciiu • Trao ddl dd nhat dinh, dua tren nhfing thudc tinh
giong nhau v i khic nhau giira chiing de dua chiing vao tung nhdm riSng bidt tuy thudc vio muc dich phin loai [7, 8]. Phan loai hS trg vide tip hgp (nhdm lai) v i td' chiic thdng tin mdt each cd y nghla v i cd he. tbdng theo mdt khd mlii trinh biy chuin, cd ich cho viec xic dinh su tuong tu ciia •}
tudng, sir kien, doi tugng hoac con ngudi [7, 8].
Theo dinh nghia ndu trong Bing thuit ngir thdng kd ciia Lien Hiep Qudc, bing phin loai (classification) l i mot tap hgp ciia nhirng quan sit ndng biet, thiu dio v i loai tru lan nhau (discrete, exhaustive and mutually exclusive observations) mi chiing dugc gin cho mdt hoac mdt vii bien can do ludng trong viec tap hgp hoac trinh biy dir lieu [17]. Thuat ngir "Bang phan loai" dugc dung tuong duong vdi thuat ngu "Bang danh muc" (Nomenclature).
Viec tao ra bang phan loai nghla Ii tao ra mdt tip hgp toin didn va cd cau tnic ciia nhirng hang (category) loai tnr lan nhau (nghia li nlu da thudc hang nay thi se khdng thudc hang khac) va dugc md t i ro ring, thudmg dugc trinh b i y theo dang thir bac (hinh ciy) v i dugc the hidn bang nhirng m i sd hoio chir gin cho moi hang (loai). Cau tnic ciia mdt bang phan loai cd thl Ii dang phi hd (cd thir bac, hinh cay) hoac phang (khdng cd dang cip). Mdt phin loai cd cau tnic phi he l i mdt ciu tnic
ciy/thii bic g^m cic phin loai cho mdt nhdm ddi tugng cho trudc. Trdn dinh ciu tnic l i mdt hang phin loai duy nhit (mit gdc), i p dung cho tit c i cic ddi tugng. Cic mit bdn dudi gdc Ii cic phin loai cu thl hon, chiia nhiing t£p hgp phin hang (hang con). Bing phSn loai dang phing thl khdng cd dang hinh ciy, thi du nhu phin loai v l gidi tinh.
Thdng thudng, vi£c xiy dung bing phin loai dugc thuc hidn dua ti£n gii thilt ring, toin bd tri thiic hoic hof t ddng ciia con ngudi, hoic cic hidn tugng tu nhidn cd thl ehia v i xIp vio mot so hang, loai. Cic hang, loai niy lai cd fhi ehia tilp thinh nhSng hang/Ioai con. Ngudi ta cd thl sii dung nhung ma hoic chii gin cho cic hang tri thuc, hoat ddng hoic hidn tugng.
Bing phin loai dugc xiy dung dibS trg thuc thi cic chinh sich quin I^.
Chiing cd thl dugc sii dung d l chu&i hoi cic khii nidm ciia dich vu cdng nhu tdn goi cic vi tri lim vide, danh muc giio due dio tao, phiic Igi xa hdi, md t i cic hidn tugng x3 hdi, kinh tl v i tu nhidn [8]. Khi sii dung cho nhOng hoat ddng khong phii Ii thdng kd, bing phan joai thudmg dugc ggi Ii bing phan loai chuln.
Die trung ciia mot bing phin loai tdt la [17]:
- Cic hang muc Ii -thiu dio v i loai tni Iln nhau (nghla Ii mdt thinh viSn, hien tugng cda tip hgp chi cd thl xIp
THONG TIN vd TV UiU - 3+4/2012 43
^"^asa
vio mdt hang ma kluuij; LO ,SU II rni(; lap hoac bd qua);
- Bing phin loai co llic su s;inli dinrc vdi nhirng bing pli.in IIKII iiC-n iiuiin khic;
- Cic hang muc iiluii on ilmii IHUIIIM l i chiing khdng tha\ ilo'i llurcVii]; xnycii hoic khdng cd su xem \ct than dao);
- Cic hang muc Irciiii; liaiig pliaii loai dugc md t i ro rini;, m ten va giai thich, cd cic chi sd di IMIII;
- Cic hang muc la can ddi Irong gi(ri han dugc dat ra dot vdi bang phan loai (nghla l i khdng qua nhicu hoac qua it).
Nhung dieu niy diroc Ihiet lap thong qua i p dung cic tieu chi ro rang (chang ban gidi han v l quy nio ciia bien),
-- Cic hang muc phan anh thuc te ciia ITnh vuc (thi du, xa hpi hoac kinh te) m i chiing lien quan den (chiing han.
trong bing phan loai cong nghiep, cac hang cin phin inli hinh anh tdng the cua boat ddng cdng nghiep ctJa ni:n kinh t l ) ;
- Bing phan loai duoc hd Irg bdi nhung tii lieu hudng dan, cac he Ihdng chi so, sd* tay, tii lieu dao tao.
1.2. Bing phin logi thdng ki;
Khi bing phin loai dugc sir dung cho boat ddng thong ke chiing dugc gpi l i bing phin loai thdng ke. Bang phiin loai thdng ke l i loai bang duoc xay dung cho viec thu thap va trinh bay nhSng du kien dang sd lieu dugc thu thap mdt cich cd he thdng (ngliTa la
Ihdng ke) [17]. Su huu ich ciia bang phan loai thdng ke .se tang them neu duoc dua tren sir trinh bay d dang bang phan loai chuan. Bang phan loai chuan la bang tuan Ihco nhung quy tic ducrc xae dinh trude va dugc chap nhan.
Cluing nham dam bao thong tin duoc phan loai mot each nhat quan khong phli tlifioc vao nguon so lieu, thdi gian thu thfip
Ihco iix'intl lloniiiann. Bang phan loai Ihdng ke la bang co miit tap hop nhCrng hang (categories) rieng re duoc gan cho mdi bien dac thii duac dangky trong mot cudc dieu tra hoiic trong mot ho da lieu hanh chinh [7]. Thi du, thupc tinh "Nam" vii "Nu" id nhihig hang (loai) dugc gan cho bien "Gim tinh" trong mot cuoc dieu tra.
Ve CO ban, bang phan loai thdng ke duiTC sir dung lam co sd cho viec taora nhihig phan td trong thong ke do co quan thdng ke tao lap. Cac bang phan loai thdng ke thudng dugc thich lingtii nhiing bang phan loai dugc xay dung cho nhirng muc dich khac.
I..i. Mdt .v« bdng phdn logi thong ke KH&CN
Trong hoat dpng thong ke KH&CN, cd the ap dung rat nhieu loai bang thdng ke phu thu(?c vao nhung chi tieu thdng ke KH&CN mudn thu thap. Mot so bang phan loai thdng ke duoc su dung trong thdng ke KH&CN tren thi gidi dirge trinh bay trong Bang 1,
44 THONG TIN v a Tlf UEU - 3+4/201!
Mghien ciiu - Trao ddi
B i n g 1. Mot so bang phdn logi thong ke dugc sU dung trong thong ke KH&CN tren the gidi
STT 1.
2
3
4 5
6
Nhom chi tiCu thdng kS Nghita cihi vi phit triln (Research and Develop- ment)
Nhin luc cho KH&CN (Human Resources for S&T)
Ddi mdi sing tao (hmovation)
TrSc lugng thu muc (BibUometrics) Sang che (Patents) Cin cin thuong mai c6ng nghfe (Technology Balance of Payment)
Bing phin loai thdng ke - Bing phin loji Hnh vuc nghiSn cuu (FOR - Fields of Research) [1,11,12]; Bing phin loai Unh vyc khoa hgc [18]
- Bing phin loai muc tigu kinh t^-xi hOi (SEO - Socio- Economic Objectives) [1, 4,11, 12]
- Bing phin loai NABS [4]
- Bing phin lo^ cdng nghiep qudc t^ cho cic hoat dOng kinh t^ ISIC (Intemational Standard Industrial Classification of all Economic Activities) [3]
- Bing phin loai giio due chuln qudc t£ ISCED (Intemational Standard Classification of Education) [18]
- Bing phin loai REGIS (Higher Education General Information Survey, Hoa Yi^) [9]
- Bang phin loai lao ddng chuln qudc tiS ISCO (Intemational Standard Classification of Occupation) [23]
- Bang phin loai cdng nghiep quoc t^ cho cic hoat d6ng kinh te ISIC [3]
- Danh muc thdng kg cho cic hoat dOng kinh i£ cua chiu Au NACE (Nomenclature statistique des activites 6conomiques dans la Communaute europfeenne) [5]
- Bing phin loai san phIm CPC (Central Product Classification, UNSTAT) [20]
Cic bing phin loai thu myc thu vi$n, chi de - Bang phin lo?! sing chg qudc t^ IPC (Intemational Patent Classification) [22]
- Bang phin loai thuang m^ chuln qudc t€ SITC (Standard'Intemational Trade Classification) [21]
- Bang phin loai san phIm CPC [20]
THONG TIN vd VS Uf U - 3+4/2012
t
Mghien CUV - traoddr^Nhu vay, hoat ddng thdng kd KH&CN cin sii dung nhilu loai bing phin loai thdng ke khic nhau phu thudc vio nhdm chi tieu can thu thip.
2. Xfiy dung m$t s6 bing p h i n loai t h i n g kd KH&CN cho ViSt Nam
2.1. Su cin thih vi nguyin tic xiy dimg mot so bing phin logi thing ki KH&CN cho Viet Nam
a) Su can thiet xdy dung bdng phdn logi thong ke KH&CN
D l triln khai cdng tic thong ke KH&CN d Viet Nam cin phii xiy dung v i i p dung mdt sd bing phin loai thdng ke KH&CN nham dip ling ySu ciu thuc thi phip li4t v l thdng ke v i chuan hoi cdng tic thdng ke KH&CN.
Dilu 9 Luat Thong ke nam 2003 (sd 04/2003/QHl I) quy dinh: "Cdc bdng phdn logi thong ke dugc ca quan nhd nuac cd tham quyen ban hdnh ding lam chuan muc va sii dung thong nhat trong hoat dgng thong ke, bao gom cdc bang he thong ngdnh kinh te quoc ddn, phdn logi logi hinh kinh te, danh muc dcm vi hdnh chinh, danh muc dan tdc, danh muc don vi kinh te, ca quan hdnh chinh, dan vi su nghiep, danh muc sdn pham, hang, hod, danh muc nghe nghiep, danh muc gido due ddo tao vd cdc bdng phdn logi thong ke khdc"
Khoan 3 D i l u 6 Nghi dinh 40/2004/ND-CP ngiy 13/02/2004 cua Chinh phli Quy dinh chi tilt v i hudng dan thi hinh mdt sd dieu ciia Luat Thdng ke da xic dinh: "Bd trudng, Thi trudng ca quan ngang bg ban hdnh bdng phdn logi thong ke chuyen ngdnh
thuoc ngdnh, linh vuc phu trach " ^ ^ ^ X i y dung c i c b i n g phin loai KH&CN l i nhim tao ra cdng cu chuan vi sii dung thdng nhit trong cdng tic thdng ke KH&CN; sip xIp mdt cich thdng nhit cic boat ddng nghien cihi KH&CN vio tung c i p linh vuc nghidn ciiu, cip muc tieu kinh tl-xa hdi ciia hoat ddng KH&CN, theo dang hoat ddng.
Dilu 5 Nghi dinh 30/2006/ND-CP vl thdng ke KH&CN neu ro, ngoii cic bing phin loai thdng ke dugc quy dinh trong Luat Thong ke, boat ddng thong ke KH&CN sii dung mdt sd bang phin loai sau:
- Bing phan loai ITnh vuc nghien ciiu KH&CN;
- Bing phin loai muc tieu kinh te-xa hdi ciia boat ddng KH&CN;
Bing phin loai dang boat dpng KH&CN, v.v...
b) Nguyen tdc xdy dung bing phin logi thong ke KH&CN
Trong qui trinh xay dung cic bing phin loai thdng ke KH&CN, ban soan thio da d l ra nhung nguyen tic ma chiing cin tuin thii nhu sau:
- Sip xIp mdt cich thdng nhit cic boat ddng vio tung cip cua linh vuc KH&CN; Trinh trilng lap, bd sdt linh vuc;
- Thuan tien trong sir dung;
- D i m b i o su phin ehia truyin thong da dugc chip nhin rdng rai tren the gidi theo ITnh virc v i nginh KH&CN; -
- Phin inh duoc su hinh thanh cila THONG UN va Tir \\%» - 3+4/2012
hien ciiu - Trao ddi nhirng ITnh vuc, nginh KH&CN mdi
ndi len nhu cdng nghe sinh hpc, cdng nghe nano,...;
- c i u tnic bang phan loai theo ciu tnic phin cip; viia dim bio tinh dn dinh; viia cd dp linh boat d l phit triln v i bd sung m i khdng p h i vo ciu tnic;
- Tuong hgp vdi cic bing phan loai tuong tu ciia qudc t l ddng thdi phii hgp vdi nhung die thii cdng tic nghien ciiu d Viet Nam.
De dim bio tuan thii nhiing nguyen tic da dl ra nhu tren, trong qui trinh xay dung bing phan loai thdng ke KH&CN, CO quan bien soan da nghien ciru tim hieu mdt sd bing phin loai, bao
gdm:
Cic bing phan loai giao due dao tao nhu Bing phan loai giao due, dio tao ban hinh kem theo Quylt dinh sd 115/1998/QD-TCTK ngiy 29/3/1999 ciia Tdng cue trudng Tdng cue Thong ke; Danh muc giao due, dio tao ciia He thdng giio due qudc dan ban hanh kem theo Quylt dinh sd 25/2005/QD-TTg ngiy 27/1/2005 ciia Thii tudng Chinh phii va Danh muc giio due v i dio tao Viet Nam ban hanh kem theo Quylt dinh sd 38/2009/QD-TTg ngiy 9/3/2009 ciia Thii tudng Chinh phii;
- Bang phan loai linh vuc KH&CN ciia To chiic Hgp tic v i Phit triln Kinh t l (OECD) dl xuit ap dung cho cic nudc tren thl gidi [13];
Bang phan loai NABS (Nomenclature for the Analysis and Comparison of Scientific Programmes and Budgets) cua Cdng ddng chiu Au [4];
- Bing phan loai linh vuc KH&CN ciia UNESCO [19];
- Bing phan loai ITnh vuc nghien ciiu ciia mdt sd nudc nhu 6xtralia [1], Malaixia, New Zealand, v.v...
- Mdt sd bing phin loai KH&CN diing trong cdng t i c thdng tin-thu vien nhu Bing phan loai thu muc thu vien - BBK, Khung dl muc qudc gia vl KH&CN, Bing phan loai thap phin Dewey-DDC, Bing phan loai thap phan bich khoa UDC.
2.2. Bing phin logi linh vuc nghiin cm KH&CN
Bing phan loai ITnh vuc nghidn ciiu KH&CN l i mdt trong nhirng bing phin loai cd y nghla quan trpng hang dau trong cong tic thdng ke KH&CN. Tren CO sd nghien ciiu tiep thu cic bing phin loai thdng ke ndi tren. Ban hidn soan thiy rang. Bang phan loai ITnh vuc nghien ciiu (FOR - Fields of Research) ciia OECD [12, 13] la phii hgp nhit, cd thl lim CO sd cho viec xay dung Bing phan loai ITnh vuc nghien ciru KH&CN cho Viet Nam vi nhirng Iy do sau:
- OECD l i mdt td chiic quoc t l cd uy tin trong linh vuc thdng ke KH&CN.
Bing phin loai ITnh vuc nghidn ciiu KH&CN ciia OECD dugc sir dung rdng rai tren thl gidi tii nhilu nam nay trong boat ddng thdng ke KH&CN v i thudng xuydn dugc cip nhat vdi sir tham gia ciia dai dien EUROSTAT, UNESCO, dai dien mdt sd nudc nhu 6xtralia, H i Lan, Na Uy, Bo Dao Nha. Day l i bing phin loai dugc sii dung rdng rai tren the gidi. Cic nudc ASEAN cung deu lua THONG TIN va Tlf UEU - 3+4/2012
Nghien ciiu - trao doi chpn bang niy de lam cdng tic thong
ke KH&CN;
Bang phan loai ciia OECD phan chia llnh vuc KH&CN dua vao ddi tugng nghien ciiu: chia KH&CN thinh sau llnh vuc Idn l i cic khoa hpc tu nhien; ky thuat vi cdng nghe; cac khoa hpc y, dugc; cac khoa hpc ndng nghiep;
cac khoa hpc hpc xa hdi vi khoa hgc nhan van. Vi the nd dap ung dugc tieu chi de ra doi vdi bang phan loai ITnh vuc nghien ciiu KH&CN;
- Bing phin loai ciia OECD mdi dugc cap nhat nam 2006, the hien dugc tinh mdi vl su phit trien cda cic ITnh vuc KH&CN nhu bd sung cdng nghe sinh hpc, cdng nghe nano,...
Tuy nhien. Bang phan loai ITnh vuc KH&CN ciia OECD mdi chi tilt din 2 Idp. Cic nginh thudc Idp thii 2 dugc lim ro bing liet ke mdt sd chuyen nginh cd trong nginh KH&CN dd.
Bing niy chua lam rd nhirng nginh dd bao gdm cac van dl KH&CN cu the nao. Tren co sd nghien ciiu tilp thu bing phan loai ciia OECD, Ban bien soan da xay dung Bing phan loai llnh vuc nghien ciiu KH&CN cho Viet Nam chi tilt din Idp 3. Van dl nghien ciiu KH&CN dugc chia thinh Llnh virc (Idp 1). Moi ITnh vuc lai dugc chia thinh cic Nganh KH&CN (Idp 2).
Mdi nginh khoa hgp lai dugc chia thinh cic Chuyen nginh (Idp 3).
De dim bao su thuan tien cho cdng tic thong ke, su thong nhit giua cic bing phan loai KH&CN v i di ding nhan biet cip dp ciia ma phan loai, linh
boat trong md rdng, chinh siia, bd sung, • ddng thdi khdng phi vd ciu tnic hien cd, bing phan loai ITnh vuc KH&CN sii dung cic ma bing so.
Ma cip 1 (LTnh vuc) bao gdm 1 chii sd, b i t d i u t i i l .
Ma cip 2 (Nginh) gdm 3 chir sd, trong dd 1 chii sd diu tien l i ma ITnh vuc, 2 chii sd tiep sau la ma rieng cua nginh trong ITnh vuc dd.
Ma cip 3 (Chuyen nginh) gdm 5 chii sd. Cho sd thii nhit l i ma llnh vuc, hai chir so tiep sau li ma ciia nginh trong ITnh vuc dd. Hai chir so cdn lai li ma rieng ciia chuyen nginh trong nginh dd.
Nhung nginh thudc ITnh vuc, chuyen nginh thudc nginh m i chua dugc xep vio muc nio khic, dugc gin sd 99 cho phin ma rieng. Thi du:
199 - Cic khoa hgc tu nhien khic (trong dd 1 l i ma ITnh vuc Khoa hpc tu nhien).
10199 - Cac khoa hgc toin hpc khic (trong dd 101 l i ma nginh Toin hgc).
Lop 1 ciia Bing phan loai linh vuc nghien ciru KH&CN gdm siu ITnh vuc (Bang 2). Siu llnh virc niy tning khdp vdi siu llnh vuc cip 1 ciia Bing phin loai llnh vuc KH&CN ciia OECD.
Ldp 2 gdm 46 nginh thudc siu linh virc KH&CN (Bing 2). Ve co bin, nhung nginh KH&CN n i y tning khdp vdi cic nginh dugc phan loai trong Bing phan loai ciia OECD.
THONG TIN va TirUlU - 3+4/2012:
1
Mghien ciiu - trao ddi
Bing 2. Hai lap dau tien cua Bdng phdn logi linh vuc nghien cuu KH&CN ban hdnh kem theo Quyet dinh so 12/2008/QD-BKHCN
MACAPI 1
2
3
4
MACAP2 101 102 103 104 105 106 199 201 202 203 204 205 206 207 208 209 210 211 299 301 302 303 304 305 399 401 402 403 404 405
TfiN GOI KHOA HOC TU NHIEN Toan hpc va thong ke Khoa hpc may tinh va thong tin Vatly
Hoa hpc
Cac khoa hpc trai dat va moi trudng Hen quan Sinh hpc
Khoa hpc tu nhien khic
KHOA HOC K* THUAT VA CONG NGHE Ky thuat dan dung
Ky thuat dien, ky thuat dien tii, ky thuat thong tin Ky thuat ca khi
Ky thuat hoa hpc
Ky thuat vat lieu va luyen kim Ky thuit y hpc
Ky thuat moi trudng Cong nghe sinh hpc moi trudng Cong nghe sinh hoc cong nghiep Cong nghe nano
Ky thuat thuc pham va do uong Khoa hpc ky thuat va cong nghe khac KHOA HOC Y, DUOC
Y hpc ca sd Y hpc lam sang Yte Dugc hoc
Cong nghe sinh hpc trong y hpc Khoa hoc y, dupc khac KHOA HOC N O N G N G H I E P
Trdng trot Chan nuoi Thiiy Lam nghiep Thuy san THONG TIN vd TlTUpU - 3+4/2012
Nghidn ciiu - trao ddi
MA CAP1
6
MA CAP 2 405 499
501 502 503 504 505 506 507 508 599 601 602 603 604 699
T 6 N G Q I ( ong nglio sinh hpc trong ndng nghiep Khoa hoc ndng nghiip khic KHOA HQC XA HQI Tim ly lipc Kinh li v i kinh doniih Khoa hoc giao due Xa hdi hpc Ph.ip luat Klioa hoc chinh tli Oia ly klnli le v i xa hoi
Thong Im dai tliiiiig va tuiyen thdng Khoa hpc xa hpi khic
KHOA HOC NHAN VAN 1 ich a \l\ khao cd hpc Ngon ngu hpc va van hpc Tri^t hpc, dao diic hpc v i tdn g i i o Ngha thuat
Khoa hpc nhan v i n khic
C.ic nginh tronp cat ITnh vuc Khoa hgc tu nhien (7 nginh), ITnh vuc Khoa hgc ky thuit vi cdng nghe (12 nginh), Khoa hpc xi hdi (9 nginh) vi Khoa hpc nhin van (5 nginh) hdng khdp vdi Bing phin loai OECD.
Hai ITnh vuc cd su khic biet li Khoa hgc y-dugc vi Khoa hgc ndng nghiep.
Khoa hgc y-dugc gdm 6 nginh, trong dd 5 nginh gidng vdi phan loai OECD. De phli hgp hon vdi thdng le ciia Viet Nam,
"Dugc hpc" dugc tich ra tu nginh Y hgc v i dugc xIp vio mdt nginh rieng. Khoa hgc ndng nghidp gdm 7 nginh, trong khi bing FOR ciia OECD cd 5 nginh, do nginh "Ndng nghiep, Idm nghiep vd thuy sin " trong Bing phan loai OECD dugc
chiing tdi tich thiinh 3 nginh rieng biet la Trhn% trot. Lam nghiep vi Thu^ sin cho phli hgp vdi dilu kien Viet Nam.
Ldp 3 cua Bing phan loai gom 323 chuyen nginh thudc 46 nginh cua 6 ITnh vuc KH&CN. Ldp 3 vl CO ban cung dugc dua tren phan ndi dung chii ylu Idp 2 ciia Bing phin loai OECD. Cic chuySn nginh trong cip 3 dugc gin ma vi dugc lim rd ndi dung chinh ciia m5i chuySn nginh.
Nhu vay, ve co bin Bing phin loai Imh vuc KH&CN dugc ban hanh kem theo (Juylt dinh sd I2/2006/CS)-TTg ciia B6 frudng Bd KH&C3SI l i tuong thich vdi Bing phan loai liiih vuc KH&CN ciia OECD.
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j'lglii'n cu.. trao ddi
2.3. Bing phin logi muc tieu kinh te-xd hgi cua hoat dgng KH&CN
Khic vdi Bing phan loai llnh vuc nghien ciiu KH&CN, dung dl sap xIp boat dgng vi chi tieu KH&CN theo ddi tugng nghien ciiu, Bing phan loai muc tieu kinh te-xa hdi ciia hoat ddng KH&CN (Socio-Economic Objectives - SEO) dugc bien soan de sap xep cic boat ddng vi chi tidu cho nghien ciiu KH&CN theo muc tieu ma chiing hudng tdi.
Ban soan thio sau khi nghien cuu, danh gii, so sinh da lira chpn Bing phan loai muc tieu kinh tl-xa hgi ciia OECD (gidi thieu trong Hudng dan Frascati 2002 [12,13]) dl lim co sd xiy dung Bang phan loai muc tieu kinh tl-xi hdi cua hoat ddng KH&CN. Sd dl chgn nhu vay vi bing niy dugc sir dung rdng rai trong cdng tic thong ke KH&CN vi tuong thich vdi Bing phan loai NABS ciia EUROSTAT [4]. Ngoai ra. Bang phan loai liiih vuc nghien ciiu KH&CN ciia OECD da dugc chpn lim co sd de xiy dung Bing phin loai ITnh vuc nghien ciiu KH&CN cho Viet Nam thi ciing nen sii dung Bing phan loai muc tieu kinh tl-xa hdi ciia boat ddng KH&CN ciia OECD lam co sd.
Do quy md nghien ciiu cua Viet Nam chua Idn, sd lugng dl tii, du in nghien ciiu chua nhilu, nSn trudc mat, dl phuc vu cdng tic thdng kd KH&CN Bang phan loai muc tieu kinh tl-xa hgi ciia hoat ddng nghien ciiu mdi dugc xay dung din 2 Idp (Bang phin loai ciia OECD mdi chi cd 1 ldp). Ldp I bao
gdm 13 muc tieu kinh tc-xi hdi Idn cua hoat dgng KH&CN. Trong moi nhdm muc tieu Idp I, cic muc tieu cda hoat ddng KH&CN lai dugc phan chia cu the ban din Idp 2.
Dl di phan bidt vdi ma s6 llnh vuc KH&CN, ma sd sii dung cho Bang phin loai muc tieu kinh tl-xa hiii ciia hoat ddng KH&CN duoc qtiy djnh nhu sau:
- Mi cip 1 bao gdm 2 cha sd. bit diu hi 10.
- M5 cip 2 bao gdm 4 chO s6, trong dd 2 chii sd dau ticn la ma llnh vuc, 2 chCt sd tilp sau la ma cda iiguiih trong linh vuc dd.
- Cic doan ma cho nhiing vin dl chua xep vio muc nio khic dugc quy dinh la 99.
Ndi chung, cac nhdm muc tidu thupc Ldp 1 trong Bing phan loai dugc ban hanh kem theo Quylt dinh s6
12/2008/QD-BKHCN deu triing vdi nhdm muc tieu Idp I cda Bang phin loai OECD. Tiiy nhien, dl phu hgp vdi Vidt Nam, ciing cd hai su khic bidt:
- Muc tieu Giao diic vi dio tao dugc tich khdi muc tieu "Cau trie vi quan
he xa hgi" thinh mdt muc tidu ndng. L;^do cho vide niy li phit hiln giio due vi dio tao dugc coi la qudc sich hing diu, vi thl nen dugc dat nhu mot muc tieu rieng. So sinh Idp I ciia Bing muc tieu kinh te-xa hdi ciia hoat ddng KH&CN ban hinh kdm theo CJuylt dinh s6 12/2008/QD-BKHCN vdi mdt sd bing phan loai tuong ling dugc trinli bay trong Bing 3;
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! ' ' • Mghien cuu - Trao d^l
Bing 3. So sdnh Bdng phan logi muc lieu kinh te-xa hdi ban hanh kem theo Quyet dinh so 12/2008/QD-BKHCN vdi Bdng phdn logi SEO cua OECD vd Bdng phdn logi NABS-SEO Ma vd ten muc tieu kinh te-xd
hgi cua Ldp I trong Bdng phdn logi SEO ban hdnh kem theo Quyet dinh so 12/2008/QD-BKHCN 10. Thim d&, nghien cihi vik khai th4c tr&i dit yk khf quy^n 11. Phdt trien ha tang ca sii
\k quy hoach sU dung dat 12. Phdt trien s&n xuat vk cong nghS ndng nghiep 13. Ph&t tri^n sdn xu4t v^
cong nghe cdng nghiSp 14. Phdt tri^n sdn xuit, phan ph6i vd sdr dung hop l^*
ndng luvng
IS. Phdt trien y t^ va bdo ve sue khoe con ngudi 16. Phat trien gido due va dao tao
17. Phdt trien vd bdo v^ mdi tririmg
18. Phat trien xa hoi vd d|ch vu
19. Tham dd, nghiSn cuu vd khai thde vu tru 20. Nghien cuu do cdc tnrimg dai hoc c^p kinh phf 21. NghiSn cihi khong dinh hudng ung dung 22. Nghi8n cihi dSn su khac 23. Phdt tri^n an ninh, qahc phdng
Ma vd ten muc tieu tuang ung trong Bdng phdn loai SEO ciia OECD [12. 13]
1
1. Th^m dd vd khai thde trdi dat
2. Ha tang ca sis vd quy hoach chung sij dung dat 6. Sdn xuat vd cong nghd ndng nghidp 7. Sdn xu^t va cdng nghe cong nghidp
5. Sdn xuat phan phoi vd sii dung hop ly ndng luong 4. Bao ve va cai thien sue khoe con ngudi
3. Kiem sodt vd cham soc mdi trudng
8. Cau true va quan he xa hoi Muc Gido due, ddo tao; ddo tao lai thuoc muc ndy 9. Tham dd va khai thde vu tru
10. Nghien cuu do cac tnidng dai hoc tong hgp cap kinh phi 11. Nghien cthi khdng dinh huong
12. Nghien cuu dan six khdc 13. Quoc phong
Md vd ten muc tieu kinh te-xa hgi trong Bdng phdn loai NABS-SEO [5]
01. Thdm dd vd khai thde trai d^t
02. Ha tang ca sd vd quy hoach chung sii dung dat 06. Sdn xuat vd cdng nghe ndng nghiep
07. Sdn xuat vd cdng nghe cdng nghiep
05. San xuat phan phoi va sii dung hop ly ndng luong 04. Bao ve va eai thien sue khde eon ngudi
03. Kiem sodt vd cham sde mdi tiudng
08. Cau true va quan hd xa hoi (0801. Gido due, ddo tao;
ddo tao lai)
09. Tham dd va khai thde vfl tru
10. Nghien cuu do cac trudng dai hoe td'ng hgp cap kinh phi 11. Nghien cuu khdng dinh hudng
12. Nghien ciiu dan su khac 13. Quoc phdng
52 THONG TIN vd Tir UfU - 3+4/2012
Mghien cuu • Trao ddi
- Do Bang phan loai OECD mdi chi cd 1 ldp, Ban scan thao da nghien ciiu va lira chgn sir dung ldp 2 ciia Bing phan loai NABS de xay dung Idp 2 ciia Bing phan loai muc tieu kinh te-xa hdi ciia boat ddng KH&CN.
Vdi nhiing bd sung nhu trdn, Bang phan loai muc tieu kinh tl-xa hdi ciia boat ddng KH&CN gdm 110 muc tieu thudc 14 muc tidu ldp 1.
2.4. Bing phin logi dgng. hoat dgng KH&CN
Bang phan loai dang boat ddng KH&CN cho phep sap xep cac boat ddng va chi tieu cho hoat ddng KH&CN theo mdt sd dang boat ddng d i e thii. Viec sir dung bang nay trong thdng ke KH&CN cung cho phep xac dinh miic do p h i n bo hoat ddng, bd tri nhan luc v i chi phi theo loai hinh nghien ciiu va phat trid'n. Trong qua trinh xay dung B a n g phan loai dang hoat ddng KH&CN, Ban soan thao da tham khao Luat KH&CN, Luat Chuyen giao cdng nghe, su phan chia loai hinh nghien cuu ciia OECD trong Cam nang Frascati, ciia UNESCO, c a c b a n g phan loai thdng ke KH&CN ciia Oxtralia, Malaixia,...
Viec phan loai loai hinh boat i ddng nghien cuu v i phat trien (NC&PT) ciia OECD mdi chi xet v l j khia canh boat ddng NC&PT. Theo OECD, cd ba loai hinh nghien ciru la: Nghien c^u co ban (Basic research), Nghien ciru ling dung
(Applied research) va Phit trien thuc nghiem (Experimental development).
Oxtralia, Malaixia lai phan chia loai hinh boat ddng NC&PT thinh 4 dang la: Nghien cuu co b i n t h u i n tuy (pure basic research), Nghien cdu co b i n c h i l n lugc (strategic basic research), Nghien cuu ung dung v i Phat trien thuc nghiem. Vc thuc chat, day chi l i l i m chi tiet hon phin phin loai "nghiSn ciru co b a n " ciia OECD vi OECD cung da ndi ro: nghien cuu co b i n bao gdm hai loai l i nghien ciiu co ban thuan tuy v i nghien ciru co ban chiln lugc. Tuy nhien, bang n i y cung chi d l cap d i n NC&PT. Vide phan loai dang hoat ddng KH&CN ciia UNESCO de cap rdng hem, bao gdm hoat ddng NC&PT, dich vu KH&CN va boat ddng giio due va dao tao v l KH&CN.
Tren co sd nghien ciiu cac t i i lidu ndi tren. Ban soan thao t h i y rang, viec phan chia dang hoat dgng KH&CN cua Luat KH&CN la phli hgp vdi tieu chi dat ra khi xay dung B i n g phan loai dang boat ddng KH&CN. Bang phan loai dang hoat ddng KH&CN ban hanh kem theo Quyet dinh so 12/2008/QD-BKHCN dugc xay dung theo cau triic phan ldp va gdm 2 Idp: Ldp I v i Ldp 2.
Ldp I bao gom c i c dang boat ddng CO ban dugc xac dinh trong Luat KH&CN, cdn Ldp 2 la su phan chia chi t i l t hon ciia Ldp I (Bang 4).
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Mghien ciiu - Trao ddl
Bing 4. Bing phdn loai dang hoat ddng KH&CN ban hdnh kem theo Quyet dinh so 12/2008/QD-BKHCN
MA C A P 1 1
2
3
MA C A P 2
101 102
201 202
301 302 303 304 305 306 307 308 309 399
TfiN GQI NGHlfiN Cinj KHOA HOC Nghien ciiu co bin NghiSn ciiu ling dung P H A T T R | 6 N C O N G NGHfe Trien khai thuc nghiSm Sin xuat thii nghiSm
DICH VU KHOA HOC VA C O N G N G H £ Djch vu thong tin, thu vien, luu trit Dich vu bio ting cho KH&CN
Dich vu dich thuat, bien tap, xuat bin cho KH&CN Hoat dong dieu tra ca bin dinh ky, thudng xuyen Thdng ke, dieu tia xa hoi
Hoat ddng tigu chuln, do ludng, chat lugng, xet nghi&m Dich vu tu van
Dich vu sd hiiu tri tue Hoat dong chuyen giao cong nghe Dich vu khoa hoc vi cdng nghe khic
Ma s6 sir dung trong Bang phan tut 1.
loai dang hoat dong KH&CN nhu . Ma c i p 2 g d m 3 chu so, trong
^^^- dd I chu so dau tien la ma loai hinh - Ma cap 1 gdm 1 chu so, bat d i u hoat ddng c i p 1, 2 chii so t i l p san 54 mONG TIN vd Tir U^U - 3+4/2012
hien ciiu - Trao ddl
la ma ciia dang boat ddng cu the trong loai hinh hoat dgng chinh do.
- Cac doan ma cap 2 cho nhirng boat dgng chua xep vao muc nao khac dugc quy dinh la 99.
Bang phin loai dang boat ddng KH&CN dugc dl xuat tuong hgp vdi each phan chia dugc quoc tl chip nhan nhimg bao quit rdng hon (hoat dgng KH&CN), khdng chi gdm loai hinh hoat ddng NC&PT (nhung khdng gdm hoat ddng giio due va dio tao).
3. Kit Iu3n
Xay dung cac bang phan loai thdng ke KH&CN la mdt cdng viec quan trgng de dam bao chuan boa hoat dgng thdng ke KH&CN. Day la ddi hdi ciia thuc thi quy dinh
phip luat vl thdng ke KH&CN.
Nhung bang phan loai dugc ban hanh kdm theo Quyet dinh so 12/2008/QD-BKHCN ciia Bd KH&CN ve CO bin da dip ling dugc tinh khoa hgc, tinh he thdng, tinh linh hoat, khi nang md rdng, tinh tuong thich qudc te ddng thdi ciing cho thiy su phil hgp vdi tinh hinh Viet Nam. Tuy nhien, chiing khdng phii la bat biln, xay dung mot lin la xong. Kinh nghiem va thuc tiln cho thay, cac bang phan loai KH&CN phii dugc thudng xuyen cap nhat, dieu chinh de' theo kip su phat trien ciia KH&CN, ddng thdi phli hgp vdi dieu kien thuc tien ciia Viet Nam. Sau khi ban hanh, chiing van cin duoc chinh sua, hoan thien.
Tai lieu Iham khao
1. Australian Bureau of Statistics. Australian and New Zealand Standard Research Classifica- tion (ANZSRC) 1279.0.2008
2. Bing danh muc giio due, dao tao ciia he thdng giio due qudc din ban hinh kem theo Quyft dinh sd 38/2009/OB-TTg ngiy 09/03/2009 cCia Thii tudng Chfnh phCl
3. Department of Economic and Social Affairs Statistics Division. Intemational Standard Industrial Classification of All Economic Activities Revision 4. New York: United Nations, 2008
4. EUROSTAT. Comparison between NABS 2007 and NABS 1992. October 2008.
h t t p : / / w w w . o e c d . o r g / d a t a o e c d / 6 2 / 3 8 / 43299905.pdf
5. EUROSTAT. NACE Ver 2. Statistical classification nf economic activities in the European Communily. htlp://epp.eurostatec.euiopa.eu/
cache/ TY_OFFPUB/ KS-RA-07-015/ EN/KS-RA- 07-016-EN.PDF
6. He thong nginh kinh te cOa Vi$t Nam ban hinh kem theo Quydt djnh sd 10/2007/Qe-TTg
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Mghien ciiu - Trao ddl
ngiy 23/ 01/2007 ciia Thii tudng Chinh phu 7. Hoffmann, Eivind. Methodological Issues In the development, use, maintenance and revision of statistical classifications. Bureau of Statistics international Labour Office. Note prepared for the Third Meeting of the Expert Group on International Economic and Social Classifications, New York, 1-3 December 1997.
http://mdgs.un.org/unsd/class/intercop/
expeitgroup/1997/ac60-16.pdf
8. Hoffmann, Eivind. Standard statistical classification Basic principles. Bureau of Statistics, international Labour Office and Mary Chamie, United Nations Statistics Division.
Statistical Commission; Thirtieth session, New Yortt, 1-5 March 1999. Items 8 of the provisional agenda, http://unstats.un.org/unsd/ciass/famiiy/
bestprac.pdf
9. http://viww.highered.nysed.gov/ocue/
documents/hegis.pdf
10. Khung phin lo^ii DDC 14. An bin tidng Vi*t, 2006.
11. OECD. Classification of the Functions of Govemement (COFOG). Tii xudng lii site http://www.oecd.Org/dataoecd/22/13/48250728.p df v i tCi http7/unstats.un.org/unsd/cr/registry/
regdnld.asp?Lg:=1
12. OECD. Proposed Standard Practice for Surveys on Research and Experimental Development: Frascati Manual. (The measurement of scientific and technological activities).
OECD, 2002.
13. OECD. Wortdng Party of National Experts on Science and Technology Indicators : Revised field of Science, and Technology (FOS) Classification in the Frascati Manual.
DSTI/EAS/STP/NESTI(2006)19/FINAL, 26-Feb-2007.12 pp. http://vmw.oecd.org/dataoecdf 17/22/49793555.pdl
14. Quylt djnh s« 12/2008/QD-BKHCN ngiy ngiy 04/09/2008 v l vi$c ban hinh mdt s6 bing phin lo9i thdng ki khoa hpc v i cdng ngh$
15. Trung tim Thdng tin KH&CN Qudc gia.
Bing phin lofii thu muc thu vi$n BBK.
16. Trung tim Thing tin KH&CN Qudc gia.
Khung dl mgc H$ thdng thdng tin KH&CN Qii5c gia: Bing chinh. H i Nfi, 2003.
17. UN Glossary of Classification Terns.
http://unstats.un.org/unsd/ciass/famiiy/glossary_s hort.asp
18. UNESCO, international Standard Classification of Education ISCED 1997.
http:/Avww.unesco.org/education/infomiation/nfsu nesco/doc/isced_1997.htm
19. UNESCO. Proposed intemational standard nomenclature for fields of science and Technology. UNESCO/NSROU/257 rev. 1. Paris:
UNESCO, 1988.
20. UNSTAT. Detailed stnjcture and correspondences of CPC Ver.2 subclasses to ISIC Rev.4 and HS 2007. http://unstats.un.oig/
unsd/cr/registiy/cpc-2.asp
21. UNSTAT. Standard Intemationai Trade Classification, Revision 3, (SITC, Rev.3).
http://unstats.un.org/un5d/class/family/famiiy2.asp
?CI=14
22. WIPO. Intemational Patent Classification (IPC) http://www.wipo.int/classifications/ipc/en/
23. ILO. The Intemational Standard Classification of Occupations (ISCO).
http://www.ilo.org/public/english/bureau/stat/
Isco/index.htm
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