TAP CHI HOA HOC T. 52(3) 340-343 THANG 6 NAM 2014
NGHIEN CLfU CH^ TAO TINH TH^ NANO KIM LOAI 0 6 N G B A N G PHlfONG PHAP HOAN NGUYEN d NHIET DO T H A P N H A M
U'NG DUNG TRONG NONG NGHIEP
Tran Que Chi*, Vu Hong Son, Le Phuc Son, Nguyen Quoc Trung, Do The Chan, Trin Thj Huong, Quach Thi Hoang Yen, Nguyen Thi Toan, Nguyen Hdng Nhung, Bui Quoc Nam, Hoang Anh Son
Vi?n Khoa hgc vdt lieu, Vien Hdn ldm Khoa hgc vd Cdng nghi Viit Nam Din Tda soan 25-11-2013
Abstract
Copper nanoparticles were prepared by hydrogen reduction by elecfrolysis of water. The formation, structure and morphology of products were characterized by X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), Scanning Elecfron Microscope (SEM) and the specific surface area (BET) was determined by N2 physisorption Brunauer - Emmitt - Teller (BET) method. The results showed that copper particles are a simple phase and the size about 40-70 nm, the BET-surface area as 15.85 m^/g. The data showed that copper nanoparticles increased germination rate of maize at normal condition.
Keywords: Copper nanoparticles, reverting method.
l.MCJDAU
Khoa hpc va cdng nghe nano ngay cang dupc ling dyng rdng rai trong nhieu ITnh vyc ciia ddi sdng.
Cac vat lieu nano thyc sy cd nhimg tinh chat ky Ig khac han vdi ti'nh chit cua vat lieu khdi ma ngudi ta da nghien ciiu trudc dd. Trong sd cac ti'nh chit dac biet ciia vat lieu nano, cy the la cac tinh the nano kim loai nhu sat, coban, ddng ngudi ta dang dgc biet quan tam den khi nang kich thich su phat trien cCia cay trdng trong ndng nghiep.
Nano ddng cd the ehl tgo bang mdt sd phuong phap nhu phuang phap dien phan, phuang phap khii bang tac nhan hda hpc. Phuang phap dien phan cd kha nang che tao kim loai dgt dp tinh khilt cao nhimg ddi hdi thilt bi phiic tap gia thanh cao.
Phuang phap khii bing tic nhan hda hpc: dua tren phan ling ciia cac mudi chiia kim loai tuong iing vdi cac chat khii mgnh trong mdi trudng nudc. Chi tao nano kim logi ddng Cu bing phuang phap khii bing hidro cd nhieu uu diem. Kit qui cua mpt sd cdng trinh cho thiy phuang phap khii bing hidro chi tgo ra nano Cu dat dp tinh khilt cd hieu suit kha cao khi dung hidro mdi sinh ciia phin iing dien phan nudc [1-4].
2. THUC NGHIEM
2.L Thiet bi va dieu kifn thi nghiem
- Lo nung di?n trd cd dilu khiln nhiet dp, cdng
suat 2000 W.
- May sinh khi hydrogen (Parker ChromGas 9090 - Anh).
- Budng phan iing bang dng thgch anh dudng kinh 25 mm.
- He thdng van day dan khi dam bao an toan chay nd.
2.2. Quy trinh che tao nano kim loai Cu Cho 2 g bpt oxit CuO vao budng phan iing sau do lap budng phin iing vao Id nung, lip dng din khi, van an toan. Dien phan tao khi H2, luu lupng khi 80 ml/phut dua vao budng phan iing. Gia nhi?t tii tii dieu khiln nhiet dp duy tri d cac miic nhi?t dp khac nhau. D& Id ngupi tu nhien trong khi tilp tuc di?n phan tgo khi H2 dl bio vp mau. San phim thu dupc dupc do cac tinh chit dac tnmg va dupc bao quan trong tlii nilon 2 ldp dk trong binh hiit im.
3. KET QUA VA THAO LUAN
3.L Xac djnh cau true bing pho nhilu xa tia X
_ Tren hinh 1 trinh bay phd nhilu xg tia X cua mau ddng che tgo duoc chyp tren may nhilu xg ke D-5000 de xac dinh ciu tnic ciia miu.
Quan sat tren hinh 1 ro ring ta thay mau tnrdc khi dua vao budng phin iing (hinh la) cd cau true tinh thi oxit ddng(II) CuO.
340
TCHH, T. 52(3), 2014
Hinh lb chi ra ring sau thdi gian phin iing 40 phih chi cd 1 lupng nhd kim logi ddng dupe tao tiianh cdn lai chu ylu vin d dudi dgng oxit ddng(I) CU2O. CJ hinh Ic cho thiy sau thdi gian phin ung 90 phut vgt lieu cd ciu true dan tmh thi kim logi ddng
Trdn Qui Chi vd cgng s^
vdi cic pic dac tnmg d cic vj tri gdc 20 la 43,38;
50,48 va 74,18. Nhu vgy dcm tinh the nano Cu kim loai da dupc tao thinh tgi 400 °C sau thdi gian li 90 phiit.
L3--.BJ-I3-.5 es :
Hmh 1 • Giin dd nhilu xg XRD cua cac mau:trudc khi dua vio budng phan iing (a), sau thdi gian 40 phiit (b), sau thdi gian 90 phiit (c)
3.2. Xie dinh hinh thai vat lieu bing phuomg phip hiln vi di^n tir quet (SEM)
Ket qua do SEM tren may Hitachi S-4800 dupc trinh bay tren hinh 2. Tren anh SEM quan sat thiy kich thudc hgt vat li?u ehl tao dupc cd 40-70 nm.
Dilu nay cung phii hpp vdi kit qua tinh toan kich thudc tinh thi trung binh theo phuang trinh Scherrer. Tren gian do hinh le mlu vat lieu Cu sau ihdi gian khu 90 phiit tai 400 °C dieo tinh toan cd
kich thudc hgt bang 56,24 nm.
Dien tich bl mat rieng (BET) dupc do tren h?
Quantachrome Instruments version 3.0. Hinh 3 bieu diln duong ding nhiet hap phy (a) va giai hap phu (b) cua mau nano Cu.
Hinh thai dudng ding nhiet hip phy va giai hip phy cho thay vat lieu che tao dupc cd cau true xdp.
Tir hinh 3 chiing ta cd thi thiet lap dupc bang cac gia trj p/p" \a l/[Q(p"/p-l] va xac djnh dupc gia trj BET ia 15,85 mVg.
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Hmh 2: Anh SEM cua nano Cu kim loai
TCHH, T. 52(3), 2014 33. Banh gia hieu qua
De danh gia ham lupng Cu tao thanh sau phan ling nhdm nghien ciiu sir dung phuang phap EDX xac dinh dupc %Cu tgo thanh. Hi^u suit hoan nguyen nano Cu theo nhiet dp dupc trinh bay trong bang 1.
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Hinh 3: Dudng ding nhiet hip phu (a) va giai hip phy (b) ciia mau nano Cu Bdng 1: Hieu suat hoan nguyen nano Cu tai cac nhiet dp khac nhau vdi cung thdi gian phan iing STT
1 2 3 4 5
Nhiet do,
°C 300 350 400 450 500
Thai gian, phut
90 90 90 90 90
Hieu suat,
%
0 14,5 99,57 99,32 99,69 Tren bang 1 chung ta nhan thiy tai nhiet dp
Nghien ciru chi tgo tinh thi nano...
300 "C chua xay ra phan ung tao thanh Cu, tgi 350
"C chi cd 14,5 % Cu duoc tao thanh. Tii 400 "C trd len xiy ra phin ung khii tao thanh 99,57 % Cu. Dilii nay cd the giii thfch cin thih mure nang lupng dl phi va lien ket thuc hien phan ting: CuO + H; —> Cu -KHjO
Tuy nhien tai cic nhiet dp cao cic hgt nano co xu hudng kit ty thanh cac hat kich thudc Idn han, do do nhdm nghien ciiu lua chpn dilu kien che tao nano Cu tai 400 °C.
3.4. Khao sat s u Idch thich tang trudng cua hgt gidng
Nhdm thuc hien d l tai da khao sat su kich thich tang trudng ciia hat gidng dupc gieo trdng sau khi xii ly vdi tinh the nano ddng. Hat gidng dupc thii nghiem la gidng ngd nep MXIO. Hat gidng tnrdc khi uom mim dupc ngam trong nudc im 60 "C trong 20 gid. Khay sd 1 dupc cham sdc trong dilu kien binh thudng ngay tudi nudc 2 lan dii de giir dp am cin thiet. Khay sd 2 dupc tudi bang dung dich nano Cu ham lupng 3 mg/l lit. Ca hai khay uom mam dupc dat trong budng tdi.
Quan sat su nay mim va phat triln rl cay, la cay ciia 2 khay trong cimg mpt thdi diem, nhan thiy hat ngd dupc tudi bing dung dich nano Cu phat trien ngay tu giai doan diu manh ban tudi bing nudc.
Co che kich thich tang trudng cua hat nano kim loai ddi vdi cac hat giong hien chua dupe ly giai mdt each rd rang, tuy nhien nghieng vl gia thuyit nhir sau: Hat nano kim loai sau khi dupc phan tan bing rung sieu am de tao chit Idng huyen phii, nhd vao hieu ling be mgt Idn vdi trang thii dac bi?t ciia cac nguyen tii, dien tii giai phdng ra mot ngudn nang luong (E) Idn quylt djnh hoat tinh xiic tic ciia hgt nano kim loai ddi vdi te bao va md cua cay trdng.
Me -f- nHjO = Me(OH)„ + ne + nlT ^ E = m eV.
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(a)
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(b)
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Wnh 4: Hat ngo sau 3 ngay gieo hat trong di6u ki?n thuong (a), hat ngo dugc x i ly bSng dung d|ch nano Cu (b)
TCHH, T. 52(3), 2014
Nano Cu lien quan den nhilu qui trinh ly sinh nhu quang hpp v i van chuyen di^n tii va la 1 phan ciia nhieu enzym quan trpng tham gia vio qua trinh t6ng hpp bao g^m c i qui trinh tong hpp ATP (tnmg tam cua trao doi chit cua te bio). ATP tham gia vio
Trdn Que Chi vd cgng s\r cic qua tririh trao doi hydratcarbon, trao d6i axit beo, trao ddi cac hpp chit chira nita (axit amin, protein, axit nucleic.) trong qui trinh phat trien caa thyc vat.
s^
(a) (b) Hinh 5: Hat ngd sau 7 ngay gieo hat trong dieu ki?n thudng (a),
hgt ngd dupc xir ly bang dung djch nano Cu (b)
Di xajf dyng quy trinh cdng ngh? che tao tinh the nano ddng bing phucmg phip khii bing hidro.
Kich thudc hgt nano dong che tgo dupc trong khoing 40-70 nm, dien tich bl mgt = 15,85 mVg.
D3 khio sat sy kich thich ting trudng cua hgt ngd khi su dyng nano dong Cu" do nhdm de tai che tgo dupc. Ket qui trong thdi gian 2 tuin dau cac hat ngo sii dyng nano dong dl u hat cd sy phat trien rd r^t so vdi cic hgt ngd trong dieu ki?n thudng d c i 3 b$ phgn mim ngd, rl ngd va la ngd.
Ldi cam on: Cdng trinh dugc hd trg kinh phi tir Vi?n Khoa hgc vgt lieu, Vi^n Hdn ldm Khoa hge vd cdng ngh? Viit Nam.
TAI LISU THAM KHAO
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Science and Nanotechnology - Halong - Vietnam (2012).
S D. Polishchuk, A. A. Nazarova, G. 1. Churilov.
Biological activity of nanocopper and nanocoball added to animal fodder ration. The 6* International Workshop on Advanced Materials Science and Nanotechnology - Halong - Vietnam (2012).
G. I. Churilov, N. Q. Buu, N. H. Chau. Physiological and biological effects of nanocrystalline metals on maize plant. The 6* International Workshop on Advanced Materials Science and Nanotechnology - Halong-Vietnam (2012).
Archana Agrawal, Sarita Kumari, D. Bagchi. V.
Kumar, B. D. Pandey. Hydrogen reduction of copper bleed solution from an Indian copper smeller for producmg high purity copper powders, Hydrometallurgy, 84, 218-224(2006).
F.Van Assche, H. Clijsters. Effects of metals on enzyme activity in plants, Plant Cell Environ , 13, 195-206(1990)
Lai-qing Lou, Zhen-guo Shen, Xiang-dong Li. The copper tolerance mechanisms on the plant from copper-enriched soils. Environmental and Experimental Botany, 51, 111-120 (2004).
Liin h$: Tran Que Chi Vi§n Khoa hpc Vgt lipu,
Vi§n Hin lam Khoa hpc va Cong ngh? Vi?t nam 18 Hoing Quoc Vi?t, Cau Giiy, Ha Npi
Email: [email protected]; Di?n thogi; 04,38360404; 0I25610082I.
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