Khoe hgc IS)6ng nghigp _ _ ^
Nghien cilu cai thien di/dng l(inh va do cutig long than cac giong liia nep NK2, CK92 va CK2003
Ngoyln Thj Thu*'', Phan Thj Hdng TVang", Vo CSng Thanh^ LS VSn Hda' ' Tntong Cao iing Cpng ding Sac Tring
-Trutmg Dai hpc Caa Tha
Ngay ohsn bai 2/2/2016. ngay cfauyen phan bi?n 4/2/2016, ngay nh|n phan bien 22/2/2016, ngay chSp nhan clang 20/5/2016 Nhim tang tfnh cihig cay va giam do nga cho cac giong lua nep, 3 tS h9p lai don giiia nep NK2, CK92 va CK2003 (Oryza sativa var. indica) voi loa Nhat (O. saliva yar.japonica) cung cay Ian luvt dir^^c t h ^ hifn.
O mSi t6 h^rp lai, cfic th^ hf con d u ^ tiep tuc trdng va chon I9C qua tirng thi hf tir F, den F^ bing cfich dfinh gifi dutag Idnh va d$ cftng ciia I6ng thin thir nhat den thft tu. Ket qui cho thSy, dirfrng kinh vi df cftng I6ng thin ciia cfic dong nip lai da duwc cii thifn dang kl. Din the hf F^ da tuyln ch9n duyc 8 d6ng Ift3 td hyp lai trSn, c« duong Wnh long thin 1,13-1,61 mm; 3,47-4,27 mm; 4,83-5,20 mm v4 5,80-6,30 ran;
df cftng Mng 2,05-3,26 N/cm'; 5,54-6,60 N/cm'; 8,77-10,16 N/cm' vi 13,79-14,76 N/cm", theo thft ty tu I6ng thft nbat din Ung thft tu. Dutag kinh va df cftng long than cna cic dong lai diu cao hffn so v « gidng nip m{, do vjy cic d6ng c6 triln v^ng niy dang duyc khio nghifm ngoai ddng d l sftm dura vio sin x u i t Tif khdn: dg cing ling, dirdmg kinh ling, khang d6 nga, lia nep, lia Nh^l, ti hftp lai dan.
Chl so nhan logi 4.1
Improving the intemocle diameter and brealung strength , of glutinous rice genotypes as NK2, CK92 and CK2003
Summary
To enhance lodging resistance through increasing the stem stiffiiess of sticky rice, three single crosses were performed between three sticky rice genotypes as NK2, CIC92 and CK2003 (O. sativa sp. indica) and Japanese rice genotype (O. sativa sp. Japonica). Progenies were selected from F to F segregant populaHons of each single cross. Accordingly,' intemode diameter and breaking strength were assessed as two target traits The results showed that the intemode diameter and breaking sti^ngth of segreganls had been improved signfficantly From F generation, eight selected lines were noticed with the average diameter of liist, second, third and fourth intemodes varied 2 23- 2.67 3.47-4 27,4.83-5.20, and 5.80-6.30 mm, respectively The breaking strength of first, second, third and fourth intemodes r f ^ I T . I f x ! ^ ' ' f * ' ' of 2»5-3.26,5.54-6.60,8.77-10.16, and 13.79-14.76 N/cm', respectively The promising lines expressed their larger diameter and better breaking strength as compared to reST" '• '"""^ ™ * ' ''^''' "'"•'''ion before
^ ^ Itrtaking strength, gluHnous rice, intemode
•^^I'r.Japanesertcclodgingresislance.single-crosshybrld aassiHrmion nu-rf^r-l 1
Toe gid lien hf: £nuiil: nnhuatajicc.ettu.vi
SSSiwHiViet Nam ""»'"»'=
Dat van dl
_ An Giang la vung canh tac lUa nep chu ylu 6 Ddng bing song Cftu Long, trong do, riang huyfn Phu Tan da cd khotog 32.000 ha gieo h^ng voi nang suat 6-8 tin/ha [1]. Th^rc tl canh tfic cho Uiay, cay Ilia nep thufc dang ylu ra nen de bi dl nga vio cudi v\i, nhit la vio mOa mua bao. DJy 14 mpt tiivrc trang kh6 khfin cho nghe trong lua noi chung va lua nip noi rieng, trong khi difn Hch tta tSng vy vio mita mua bao ngiy cing tfing len. Ben canh do, do tfic dpng ciia biln ddi khi hfu nen tiioi tilt thay ddi thfit tiiudng, mua bao ngfiy cfing phftc tap, lam tfing nguy CO dd nga ddi vol cay lua.
Do nga khong chi lam gifim vi thit thofitnfingsufitmicdnfinhhucmg nghiam trpng va lfim mfit chat luprng vdn c6 ciia lua gao, gay tt-d ngai ]6n cho nghl nong.
Theo nhieu kit qua nghien cftu, tlnh trang do nga a cay lua ndi chung c6 lien quan nhieu den duong kmh vfi dp cung long tiifin cfiy liia [2-5]. Do do, vifc chpn t^o nhftng giong nep moi co khfi nfing khfing
do nga tdt bing each cii thifn dp cftng va dnong kmh long tiifin cua nhiliig gidng nip tmydn didng 14 rit cin tiiiet.
Vat Hel n phmmg pha* nAJes 1:011 fftU^strd^ngUtgo
Cfic gidng nip NK2, CK92 vi CK2003 li nhimg giong nep dac sfin cua huyni Phii Tan, tinh An Giang, vol nhiing djc tinh nong hpc dugc trinh hay a bfing 1. Nhung giong nip nfiy no bui kha tdt, nhung ylu ra nen dc bi do nga Lua Nhfit 14 gidng lua hat ban tion dupc ttra diap tai Nhat Bfin nfim 2010, CO tiioi gian sinh trucmg ngfin, no bui it, nang suit khong cao, nhung cftng cay n&i CO khi nang khfing dd nga tdt
'itgltal'iiacllimni.ghacichiia^ciacicgidrtgldaHma
Tim Vti Niqi
r-c
CK92 CX2(tt3
TCCT (•8»y) 85-90 100-105 102-107 10&-105
CU^ow A t ™ )
95-98 110-115 105-108 100-102
N i ^ n ^ ( t i i h 4 n o
6-7 63-7 7-8 6-7
B i t b 5 «
6-7 5-6
(^)
IS- IS 1 ^ 2,61 2 ^
P
I M 10,7 10^
10,0 iK:A:kambtfngi^ylose.P hambipngpniian ff'f>^l^1^'i^dvt>S>Kyaineir^oSngn^MhacBama>
DllnvB, 'GMn^noim'Vfii^.aoatingm^ii^^Snkhpcingi^^
Tnmg Dvkfc Can Thai
Phinmg phip nghien cuu
De tao vat li?u nghioi cuu, phuong phap lai sii dyng la lai don, cac xh hgp tai (THL) duoc ky hieu nbu sau: THLOl: nep NK2 X liia Nhat; THL02: D ^ CK92 X Ilia Nhit; THL03; nfip CK2003 x liia NhaL Cac the he phan ly tu the he F, d^n F^ dugc trong trong d i ^ kien nhi ludi (khoang each ttdng 20 x 20 cm) va chgn lpc qua cac the b? dua tren duong kinh va dp cung cua cac long than g5m long thu nhfit (1), long thu hai (II), long Ihu ba (DI) va long thir tu OV), thu tv long dugc linh tu co bong tro xudng phia g6c Iiia. E)udng kinh long dugc do hang thuoc k ^ va do 6 giua long. E)g cung I6ng dugc do btog may do do ciing IMADA Model ZP-50N (Torque gauges IMADA, Nhat), khoang each giiia hai di^m cua gia do la S cm, than liia dugc do khi dS lo^i bo bit b? la.
Ty I? frfiin tram dg ciing ciia dong Iai so voi cay bo m? (x) dugc tinh theo cong thiic sau:
x = - ^ x l O O % ailfiaimglfiofihiocfiadtogla A A dS aSag kag ihii roa ciy b t o * Thi ngbiem Iai t^o, danh gifi va cb^Ki lgc tii flil hf F
KgToel-KpcNangngNgp d£n F^ dugc tien hanh tir nam 2010 din nam 2012; sau do tilp tuc nhan drag thufin tir nam 2013-2014. Din nam 2015, khao sat vl mat giai phfiu long doi \in cac dmig F7 dugc Xayea chgiL Cac thi nghiem dugc tiln hanh tai nha linji ciia Phong dii n ^ e m chgn gi6ng va ung dung cong ngbe sinh hoc. Bo mon Di truy&i - G i ^ g nong n ^ g i , Khoa Nong n ^ e p va Sinh hgc ling dung, Tmong Dai hgc Cfin Tho.
Ket qaa va d ^ bian Bp cmig long
Ket qua ^ nhan, dp ciing long tiian ciia cac t6 hgp Iai a tbe he F, deu cao hem cay m?, tuy nhien so v6i cay bo tiii do Cling long I va long H thip hon, con long IU va Iwig IV khong khac biet (p < 1%) (bang 2).
Bang 2:0$ cmg long than cua cdc lohf^lai a the hfF
Lwiei THL01 2^d, 4.41b THL02 y s b 3,37c TOLOi 238b 4.71 b
L ^ m L6flgIV
Nhii(b6) 3,13 »
HJO a 16,62 a 5.18 a 14,18a 9,74 a 17.31 • 632 a 10.29 a 15.72 a Trong da^m&c^nhSng so CO citii dieo sou giong nhau
lU khong khac bift cayn^m thong ki
Deo the b? F^, nhin chung cac dong uu tu a cfic t l h ^ lai deu CO do oing long cao haa so voi cfiy me tuong ling a tat ca cac long, nhimg so vcri cay bo tiii dao dgng a miic tuong duong ho^c tiifip hon (bang 3).
Trong do, THLO1 co dg ciing long II tuong duong cay bo, cac long khac deu thfip hon; con THL02 vfi THL03 thi da so deu thap bon cay bl,
BoKg 3: Op di^l^ Aan dia caeca Ihi Am chan a Ihe hi F,
Do^^giing B? Cfag Bug tN/cm-)
^ " 8 1 L ^ n L d n g m L6BgIV THUlI-05 2.61b 536abc 9,05b | j , 6 9 b raiH-07 2.47bc 5,«6ab 8.84bc J 3 J S b _ n f l J 1 - 0 8 2.62b J . 6 7 a b 8,85bc 13.55b THL02-02 2.79a S 3 9 b 9.07b | 3 J I b THL02-06 2.25 b 5.47 b 8,61b 14 M b
™ ^ - " ' 232 b S.40b 8,74 h | 4 j 8 a b T m O M I m ^ 5.28bc 8,04b 13.29 b TOUIWP 146 bed 5,70 b 7.76 b |3.96 ab J H U , 3 ^ r 2 J 7 a J 5.71b 9.99a I 4 i 9 a b
^ ^ m 3.13 a 6.40a 1037 a 15.62 a
Tnmg ciaig mar cat. lUtmgsi CO chii Iheo sta, p^f^utt, lhi khong ihdc biff CO yng^ Ihong ke
_ Din Al he F3, cac dong dugc chgn 6 moi t l hgp lai cung co dp cung cac long deu cao hon cay m? va da s l
KHMHOC \L n
K>Toe hoc Neng nghigp
tuong duong vdi cay bl (bang 4). Rieng do cung long rv ciia da so cfic dong (9/10 dong) bien thien tir 13,67- 15,53 N/cm^ va tuong duong vdi cay bo.
Bing4:tl^daiglAngAancuacdcedtiiedii^dianaAehfFj
EUng^gioag
THLOI-05^2 THLOl-05^3 THLOl-07^]
THLOI-08^12 THL02^2-O2 THL02-02-<l3 THL02-1(W)2 THL03-O2-O2 raL03-O7-O!
THL03^-O2 Nh«t(bd)
L6iiel 232 ab 3,12 a 2,46 abc 2.68 idK 2,62 abc 2.75 (i.
2.47 bed 2.76 ab 230 abc 233 be 3.08 a
D f cDiij L ^ g U S34bc 6.02 ab 530 bed 6,01 d) 5,73 ab 5,27 be 5.80 id>
5,16 bed 5.45 be 5.78 Bb 6.40 a
long (N/cin^
LoDglU 939 b 938 b 10,01 ab 1 0 , 1 3 ^
lii
9,74 ab 9.40 b 10,08 A 10,72 a
U ^ ; I V 1533 a 14,98 a 1432 a 15,02 a 1436 ab 13,67 b 14,88 ab 15.20 a 14,49 a 15,41 a 15.65 a Ttong Cling mpi cpl. nhOng so c6 chir iheo sau giang nhau
liii khong khde btfi coy nghm ihong ki
Den the h§ F,, dg ciing cua cfic long deu cao hon cay mf,16ngIcaohontu 101%den 199%.16ngIIcaohon , 142-179%, 16ng III cao hon 137-181%, I6ng IV cao hon 167-204% (bfing 5). M^c du dg cing long cua cac l^ffllg nip ra? qua cfic vy trlng c6n biln thien, nhung { kh6ng dao d^ng nhilu vfi deu khfi thap. Dilu nfiy minh chiing ling dfi cai thi?n dugc tinh ylu r? ciia cfic dong lai m$t cfich dfing ke, d$c bi?t lfi a long IV dg ciing ciia cfic d6ng lai cao hon cfiy m? rat nhilu, c6 dong cao hon g^p hai lan (THL02-02-02-04 vfi THL02-02-03- 01). Rieng so v<5ri cfiy bo, dg cung 16ng 1 ciia cfic dong lai den till h§ F, da dugc cfii tiii?n nhieu so voi tir till h§ F|, cfic 16ng II. Ill vfi IV kh6ng khfic bi?t co y nghia thing ke (p < 1%) so voi cay bl. Tire la cfic dong nip lai dfi dugc cfii tiiien theo huong ciing cfiy ciia Iiia bl.
B ^ i - ^ cung ldng thdn cua etic ddng mi lua Ihe hfF
TOMwam
K \x K %; Umm
mui*®*: W i!J V tm m n tM \ii r a»
m\*W4! va n* 9 Ul m m w w n UM Ttt«««« 1« IC V U tsi It) U ! IU C H.H V yi » JM m m ix w tr an m m V UJ ..
1 " W N U l ID
HI m a Hit at
t n w M ka m
OC.- 06 cung long (N/em'): KS,-,
•^^^P'^''^<^dongtalsot6icdymt(%),
^*o:iMnlramcuaddnglaisot,6ic4ybo(%)
Kit qua dfinh gifi c6n cho thfiy, dp cung cac long tiifin cua cfiy lua Nh4t qua 4 vy trlng khac nhau rfit In
SSISSHIViet Nam'<'°''°-2°i6
djnh. Cu the, d6 ciing long than tii 16ng I din long IV ovytiiu nhat lfi 3,13; 6,32; 10,29va 15,72; vytiiirhai lfi 3,13; 6,40; 10,57 va 15,62; vu tiiir ba la 3,08; 6,40;
10,72 va 15,65; vy thii tu la 3,23; 6,22; 10,67 va 15,45 (N/cm^). Dilu nay cho thay, tinh ciing cay ciia lua bl da la mgt dac tinh on dinh va dug^ duy tri tot qua da's thi h?. Do vfiy, co the sir dyng nguon vfit li$u nay vao viec lai tao de cai thi^n tinh yeu rg ciia nhih^ giing dia phuong.
Nhin chung, dp cung I6ng than cua cfic dong nip lai o ca 3 to hgp lai va cfi cay iua bo va cfiy liia m?
diu tang tii long I den long IV. Trong d6, dO ciing ciia I6ng 1 va long II ciia cac dong lai co chieu hutog t nhe va deu qua cac the he, rieng long III va 16ng3l c6 su dao dgng tuong doi (hinh 1). Dieu nay c6 tiili^
cfic d6ng lai dang trong qua trinh dugc tuyln chpn cdn phfin Iy va c6 the bi finh huong boi cfic dilu ki§n moi truing.
LingQ LAngm U o g l V Hinh I. inmgbinhd^ cunglAnglhdn qua cac Ihe hf til F-F^sovdtcSybi
Dubng kinh ldng than
Dfinh gia trung bhih ciia ca 3 to hgp lai cho th^y, ducmg kinh 16ng thfin ciia con Iai vfi cay b l m? deu giam dan tu nhiing 16ng ngpn xuong phia cdc 16ng goc. K^t qufi nfiy cung hofin toan phu hgp v6i cdc nghi&i ciru trudc dfiy [5-7]. 6 thi h? F,, duong khih long thfin tang vugt trpi so vdi bo m? 0 cdc 16ng I, IE vfi IV. Nhung sau d6, ket qua nfiy giam xuing tiiap hon cay bo d till h§ Fj, roi In dinh vfi tang nh? cho din F_ (Mnh 2).
6
J' t
f. -
-ffl_ n ;|
U ^ l UHEU Uncm UBSIV Minh 2: Irung bmh dudng kinh Idng Ih&i caa deOihi nip lal lu F,-F,
D6 danh gia sy on dinh oia tinh trang duong idnh long than, nhom nghien cmi da tap hpp ket qua vl dirong kinh cac long than coa cay liia bo qna cac vu trong khac nhau. Cu lhi, dirong kinh cac long than t i long I den long IV o vy thii nhit la 2,43; 4,40; 5,50 va 637; vu thu hai la 2,43; 4,37; 5,50 va 6,23; Ju thii ba la 2,67; 4,40; 5,53 va 6,47; vu lhi tu la 2,73; 4,47;
5,60 va 6,57 (cm). Duong kinh cac long ciia cay lua b6 da on dinh v4 di^c duy tri tot qua cac the he, it bi anh huong bcri moi tnrong.
0 the he F., xA rieng o tiing ta hcjp lai, ducmg kinh cic long cua cac dong lai dnoc chon deu cao hon cay m? tii 1,03-1,67 lin, dac biet a hai long g6c (long m va rV) cao hon tii 132-1,51 lin o ca 3 t6 hop lai, con so vdi cay ba dat khoang 0,88-0,96 lin va khong khac biet vk mat thang ke (bang 6).
Bang6-i,aingHnhlingtha»ciariciangtatnlathih(F,«,wilia
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DK- Judng kmh Idng (mmi, s IO lAih vai cdy mr:B3: to imh tvi c^ bo
Khi quan sat phiu di?n ngang ciia long than cho thay, o thfin liia Nhfil c6 duong kinh I6n hon thuong kem theo tiifinh long cung dfiy hon (hmh 3). Dilu nfiy Ifi do lugng te bfio nhu mo nhilu hem va vl mat cfiu true thfinh 16ng thi nhiing tl bfio nhu mo trong than cay c6 duong kinh Ion hon ciing ding diu hon so voi cay lua c6 duoT^ kinh thfin nho hem.
ns5
IIM in 1 . 3f^ah J: aei difn img aia Idng lian thr ba i'kak*0.n/mdmx^ih»Knhidm«mphin-^Kxi.nii6ddy
ikA^ldagf
Khtoa hpc N a n g nghigp Nlnr vfiy, duong kinh than ciia cac dong nip lai da dirge cfii ihi&i dang ke vfi day chinh la ylu t l quan trgng g ^ phan lam tang do ciing than vfi tang kha nang khang do nga cho cac ddng nep lai nay, vi diromg kinh than co tirong quan thufio vdi kha nang khang I^i hrc day nai la mgt tinh trang quan trgng dl khang 1^
su do nga [5-8].
Moi tutmg quan giira du&ng kinh va dp cung long than
O the he F^, moi tuong quan duong chi thi hi?n 6 1 to hop lai la THL03; cfic thi h? sau cho thay co sv tuong quan dutmg khfi chat che giira duong kinh va do Cling long tiian (bang 7). Dilu nay cho thfiy, dudng kinh than da gop phfin Iam nen dp ciing than, giup cfic dong nep nfiy khang Iai sv d l nga tot ban. Do vfiy, tang duong kinh thfin la ylu t l quan trgng dk giiip cay liia nep noi rieng va cay lua noi chung dat dugc sy ciing cay khang l^i d l nga. Kit qufi nay ciing phu hgp vdi nghien cuu trudc dfiy cho ring, nen cfii thien dudng kinh than de tang dp ciing cho cay liia [4] vfi liia khfing dd nga tit can c6 dugc su kit hgp giiia dudng kinh tiifin to vfi do Cling ldng thfin Idn [9].
Bang 7: lumg quan giira OQ cung \id Ouang kinh ldng
TWb$ Gii trj tmmg quan Dubng kinfa lo
THL03
( + ) • • (+)-
(+)•
(+)"
(*). hrong quanlhuan;-: khang nrwig guan.
': micy nghla 5%; " micy nghta I"/.
Ket laan va ik xnat Ket lu^n
Can cu Uen duong kinh va dp ciing 16ng than, trong the he F^ nhom tac gia da tuySn chpn dupc 8 ding njp mdi tir 3 to hpp lai, d6 la cac ddng THLOl-05-02-01 THLOl-07-01-02, THLOl-07-01-03, THLOl-08-02- 02, THL02-02-02-02, THL02-02-02-04, THL03-02- 02-02 va-rHL03-07-01-O2. Cac dong nay co teng than thii to dat gia tti duong kinh 5,8-6,3 mm IcSn hon cay mf, dp Cling 13,79-14,76 N/cm= cao hon cay m? va tuong duong cay bfl ciing cay Chiing dupc chuin bj Ihuc hifn npi dung khao nghifm ik phat trita trong san xuat
EHMN Hpe \u kl
KhoB hoc Nang n g N ^
Dudng kinh vfi dg cung Idng than d tfit ca cac Idng ciia cay bo deu dn dinh qua cac vy trdng khac nhau cho thfiy nhimg tinh trang nay dugc duy tri mpt each ben viing, CO the dugc ung dyng trong Iai tao chgn giong.
Tiep tyc dfinh gifi, chgn Igc va khfio nghiem ngofii dong dl tuyen chgn dugc giing nep mdi phuc vu cho san xufit.
Sii dimg nhiing ddng ciing cfiy de lam vat l i ^ !ai t^o, cai thi§n khfi nang khfing do nga cho cfic giing lua indica.
T&l Ilea Oiam khao
[ I] Sd N6iig nghi^ vA Phil trifin nong thon tinb An Giang (2010).
Nep Phu Tdn, http://www.sonongnghiep.aQgtang.gov.vn.
[2] I.M. Atkins (I93S), "Relation of certain plant characiera to Wrengfli of straw and lodging in winter whc«", J.^gTC AM, 56, pp. 99-
?•- [3] U. Zubcr, H. Winzeler, M.M. Mcssmer, M. Keller. B. Keller,
^ E . Schmid. P. Stamp (1999), "Morphological trails associated with
lodging resistance of spring wheal (Diticum aestivum L.)", JAp^m M
Cra/> SCI, 182, pp. 17-24. S [4] T. Kashiwagi, E. Togawa, N. Hirotsti, K. Ishimani (2008),
"Impiovement of lodging resistance with QTLs for stem diameter in rice (Oryza saliva L.)", Theor Appl Genet, 117, pp.749-757.
[5] T. Ookawa, T. Hobo, M. Yano, K. Murata. T. Ando. H. Miun, K. Asano, Y. Ochiai, M. Dceda, R. Nishitani, T. Ebitani, H. Ozald, E Jl. ^ Angeles, T. Hirasawa, M. Ma&uoka (201 Oa), "T^ew appKiach for rice improvement using a pleiotropic QTL gene for lodging resistance and yieWr, Nature communications, 1(132), pp.l-ll.
[6] K. Hirano, A. Okuno. T. Hobo, R. Ordonio, Y. Shinozaki, K.
Asano, H. Kitano, M. Matsuoka (2014), "Utilization of stifTculmtiut * of rice smosi mutant for increased lodging resistance", Plos one, 9 ( ^ ' pp.1-9.
[7] T. Kashiwagi (2014), "Identification of quantitative trait loci for resistance to bending-type lodging in rice (Oryza saliva L.)".
Euphytica, 198, pp.353-367.
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