MOT SO NOI DUNG C A N LL/U Y
khi lap 00 an Quy hoach 0d thj
nham flap uhg yeu cau quan ly do thj
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Chuyen vi^n phong Quin ly Quy hoach Khu trung tam - Sd Quy ho^ch Kien true TP. HC,\ I
SOME ISSUES NEED TO BE CONCERNED WHEN ESTABLISH URBAN PLANNIN6 PROJECT TO ACHIEVE REQUIREMENTS OF URBAN MANAGEMENT
In Vietnam, tiirough three main stages development, most of urban planning schemes have not met uriian planning management agendes' requirements for "organization" and "creation" of fundlonal areas in a urtianism.
During tiie 1st (from 1991 to 2003) and tiie 2nd period (from 2003 to 2009) the requirements for urban planning are establishing principles for urban management, building construction in short and long term. However, the requirements for urban planning management did not indicate the spedtied contents needed to meet requirements for the "organization" and "creation". Meanwhile, the planning schemes'contents have been presented by drawings, planning and architecture criterias tables, whidi are achieved by urban planning schemes but did not include the implementation guidance for the project So that, most urban planning projects during this period were generally considered as low quality, not associated mth resources for the Implementation, and lacked of feasitxTity.~
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d an quy hoaeh dd thj la mdt cdng cu nhIm dap flng yeu c l u cd quan quIn ly dd thj trong vide quIn ly "tl chflc" va"tgo lip" d c khu ehfle ning trong dd thj. Tuy nhien tgi Viet Nam, qua 3 giai dogn phat trien chinh, phin ldn do an quy hogch do thj chua dap flng dly dfl d c ydu eau nly.
Trong g i ^ dogn dau, tU nam 1991 den nam 2003, trudc tinh hinh edng tie quIn ly do thj cdn bl budng long, Nha nfldc da ban hlnh Chi thi 19/
CT ngay 22/01/1991 nham chan chinh cdng tac Cfbln Iy do thi Cong tac lip do an quy hoach dd
thj thuc hien theo d c quy dinh tai Nghi dmh 91/
CP ngly 17/8/1994 v l Ban hanh Dilu le quan ly v l Quy hogch dd thj v l Quylt djnh 322/BXD- DT ngay 18/12/1993 v l Ban hlnh Quy djnh Igp cac Dd an quy hoaeh xay dyng dd thj. Theo dd, yeu d u ddi vdi quy hoach dd thj la cd sd phlp ly d l quan ly dd thi, tien hanh cdng tie dau tu xly dung, lap ke hoach cai tao, xly dflng dd thi hIng nim, ngan han va dai han thude eac nganh dia phUdng; d c do an the hien ndi dung quy hogeh dd thj theo hinh thUc liet ke nhiJng dfl lldu, sd lieu cle chl tieu quy hoach kiln tnJc cln dat dUdc trong do an quy hoach
Sau dd, giai dogn tfl nam 2003 din nim 2009, cdng tic phat triln do thj ngay cang trd ndn quan trpng mang tinh quyet dinh edng eude hien dEu hda dS nUdc. Vao nam 2003, Lull Xly dUng v l cac Thdng tU, Nghj djnh hudng din thyc hien quy hogch lln lupt dupe ban hanh. Theo do yeu d u doi vdi quy hogch dd th; I I cP sd quIn ly d c hogt ddng xly dyng, triln khai d e dU I n diu tu xly dflng v l xly dflng cdng trinh; d c do an the hidn ndi dung quy hogch dd thj cung theo hinh thfle hdt kd nhflng dfl lidu, s6 lieu d c chl tidu quy hogeh kiln tmc cln dgt dupc trong dd In quy hogch nhu giai dogn tren.
6 hai giai dogn nay, yeu clu cua quIn ly nhi nudc ddi vdi quy hoach dd thi dupc ndu chung la quIn ty phit trien dd thj va xdy dung cdng trinh ma khdng dupc ndu rd t l dip flng ydu d u "tl chflc", "tgo lip" d ndi dung nio. Trong khi d c dieu Id, quy djnh Igi hudng d e dd dn quy hogeh dd thj v l vide thi hidn dfl lidu, s6 lidu d c chl tidu quy hogch kiln tnJe d n kilm s d t theo d l I n quy hogch m l khdng mang tfnh hudng din t i chflc thyc hidn quy hogch. Tfl dd cd the thIy d e quy djnh trong giai dogn nay da hudng cdng lie lip do In quy hoaeh dd thj v l vide sin xult ra "bin ve quy hogch v|t Ihl" thi hidn trgng thai khdng gian dd thi tgi mdt thdi dilm nhit djnh m l chua mang tfnh hfldng dlin phit triln d l dgt dUdc trgng thai phat triln dd thj nhu djnh hudng each lam nly la d c h lam mang phong each phUPng phap quy hoach chl thj hay quy hogeh trdn xulng. Trong khi tgi dat nude cd ndn quy hogch llu ddi nhu Anh Quoc, higu qui thflc t l eua d c quy hogeh vlt the nay Igi 11 sy mIt kilm soil khdng ch? vdi nhung khu dd thj hl$n cd ma vdi d nhflng khu dd thj mdi xly dflng - chua ndi gi din kha ning dap flng cac nhu d u cao hpn nhU:
phat triln hieu qui, ben vihg, cdng bang.
Do dd, nguydn tic dung quy hogch vlt the (dudi dgng bin ve quy hoach sfl dyng dit) d l kilm s d t phat triln chl dupe l p dyng mdt thdi gian ngln tgi Anh. Thay vao do, yeu t l dim blo dd thj Anh phit triln quy cfl da dflpe chinh quyln dja phUdng Anh da bat diu thyc hi$n tfl llu chfnh I I cle dilu lull quIn ly hudng din phat trien.
Nhin Igi phUdng phlp quy hogch tgi Vidt Nam giai dogn nly, vide lap d c do I n mang tinh thi hidn trgng thli khdng gian dd thj tgi
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nm*22. MUCnONALGROWTH o r TfCUICON AREA - HOVINC PORVAIO H T H I
Mflt phuong an nghi&n ciJu tr5nh ty ph5t triln theo thdi gian c^c khu vyc cija Thanh pho Ski G6n dUi?c ISp vko nhOng nam 1960-1976 mdt thdi dilm nhat dmh ma chua mang tinh
hudng din phat trien d l dgt dupe trgng thai phat triln dd thi nhfl dmh hfldng la each lam d6 I n quy hogch dd thj mang phong d c h phUPng phap quy hogeh ehl thi hay quy hogch tren xudng. Vdi nen kinh t l k l hogch hda vflng chic thi phong each quy hogch ch?
thi cd nhflng Uu diem nhit djnh. Vi mpi thfl, tfl cac ehl lldu kinh te - xa hdi - van h d diu da xIp dit tfl trflde va Iflng khIu, tflng bd phan da cd nhflng cd quan chju trach nhidm, nen cd quan lap quy hogch ch? vide sap d|t d c dfl lidu l y len mat bang dit dai, tfl quy hogch Chung sang quy hoach chi tilt v l kit
thuc d quy hoach xay dung. Trong khi dd, vdi nguon Ifle cfla d c dd thj Vidt Nam, vl$c ap dyng phUdng phlp quy hogch ch? thi se khdng giflp dd thj dgt dupe trgng thli theo quy hogch dat ra vi khdng cd du ngudn lyc giflp thyc hien quy hogeh do.
Nhfl vly, tgi hai giai dogn trdn cle dd In quy hoaeh dd thi eh? mdi dip flng ydu d u
"tl chflc - kilm soat vide xay dflng dd thj", chUa dip flng yeu elu "tgo lip - hinh thlnh dd thr trong viec quIn ly dd thi. Hay ndi d c h khIc cdng tac quy hogch dd thj thdi ky nly da hudng d c do I n quy hogch dd
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H1nh (tif trai sang phSi): Sddd quy hoach phan vung giai do^n phat triln thU 1 (2010) vA giai do$n phat trien thi7 2 <2015) 06 an dieu chinh quy hoach chung TP. HCM din n3m 2025
thi ve ' d i m l quy hogch dd thj lim" m l khdng hUdng din ve thyc hign d i m l quy hogeh dd thj lim". Vdi vide lap d c do an theo phUdng phap quy hogch ehl thj thi phin Idn d c do an quy hogch dd thj duoc iap trong thdi ky nay dupc danh gia chung I I chat lUpng thIp, khdng gan vdi nhu d u sfl dyng cung nhu ngudn lye thuc hi$n v l thieu tinh kha thi_
Tfl finh hinh thyc t l trong cdng tic quIn ly tgi Viet Nam, tiep d n xu hudng quIn ly dd thj cua ^ e gidi va d c nude trong khu vt/c, tflng budc khac phuc nhflng thilu sdt trong cdng tic lap do I n quy hogch dd thj, trong giai dogn hidn nay. Lull Quy hogeh dd thi d l dupc Nhi nude ban hlnh ngly 17/06/2009 v l eo hieu lue thi hanh tis ngly 01/01/2010 la mdt bUdc ten mdi quan trpng eho cdng tic quIn ly quy hogch xly dflng dd tN. Theo do, yeu d u ddi vdi quy hogch dd thj 11: cy t h i h d djnh hUdng quy hogeh tong the he thmg dd thj qudc gia va d e quy hogch vflng lien quan; phfl hpp vdi myc lieu cua chien lUdc, quy hogch tong the phit trien kinh t l - x l hdi, qudc phdng, an ninh; blo dim tinh thong nhat vdi quy hoach phit triln d c nglnh trong phgm vi dd thi;. hli hoa gifla 1^ ch quoc gia, cdng ddng v l d nhan; dip flng dUdc ydu d u thyc te va phfl hpp vdi xu the phat trien cua dd thj;_ phat trien hli hoa gifla d c khu vvte trong dd thj;_ Trong giai doan nly, ngoai he thong d c do I n quy hogch do thj, Quy djnh quIn ly theo do I n dupc duyet... cong tic I I P d6 an quy hogch dd thi d n lap them Quy che Quan ly quy hogch kiln tnic dd thj quy djnh vipe thyc thi quy hoach nhU: To chflc thuc hidn quy hogch dd thi; quIn ly phit trien dd thj;. quy djnh die thfl v l quIn ly va kiem s d t phat trien dd thj; quy dmh v l trich
nhiem cua cP quan nha nude, to chflc, d nhin trong viec to chflc thyc hien quy hogch dd ttij v l quIn ly phit trien dd thj Nhu vay, trong giai dogn hien nay, yeu d u ddi vdi viec t o chflc" dflpe neu cy t h i trong ndi dung yeu d u ddi vdi quy hogch dd thi, yeu d u vdi vile tao lap° dupc the hien rd rang hPn trong Quy che QuIn ly quy hogch kien tnic dd thj. Hdn nOa, theo du thao Lugt Quy hogch (Lugt Quy hogch phat triln hay Lull Quy hogch long the) dang dUPe Bd Ke hogch v l Dau tU d l xul't, cdng tie lap quy hogch ndi chung d n gin vdi d e giai phap ke hogch phat triln theo quy hogch 11 d c phuong an huy ddng ngudn Iflc d l thUc hien cac dU I n Uu tidn diu tu theo quy hoach, gan vdi chuong trinh phat tnln theo quy hogeh la d c muc tidu, nhidm vu va giai phap dong bd de phat tnln d e nglnh trong quy hogeh d l dUpc duyet,-
Oo dd, tnsng cdng tic lap dd an quy hoaeh dd thi hien nay can xae djnh "quy hogch dd thj la mdt qui trinh' bao gdm: viec t d ehfle - kilm s d t vide xay dflng dd ttij - the hien d c chi fieu kinh l l , xa hdi, mdi tn/dng. sfl dung dat dd ttii,_' va d vide tao lip - hinh thlnh dd thj - hudng din to chflc thuc hien de dat dfl0c trang thli quy hogch dupc djnh hudng", khi lap do an quy hogch do thj d n luu y bam sat ndi dung quy djnh lip hudng dan, to chflc thyc hidn dmh hudng quy hoaeh nhU Quy che quan ly Ouy hoach Kien true dd thi da neu trong Lugt Quy hogch dd thj. Cd nhu vly, d c do I n quy hogch dd thi se trd thlnh mdt edng eu quIn ly die Iflc dap flng dly du yeu d u v l vide t o chflc' v l tao lap' d c khu chflc ning dd ttij cua cd quan quIn ly dd thi trong chi dao. dieu hanh phat trien kinh te - xa hdi gan vdi phit triln dd ttij.
