TAP CHi C O N G THtftfNG
DA DANG THANH PHAN
LOAI THl/C VAT THUOC NGANH NGQC LAN (MAGNOLIOPHYTA) TAI VlTCfN QUOC GIA
PHIA OAC PHIA DEN, TINH CAO BANG
• TRAN VAN HAI - N G U Y I N XUAN NHA - PHAM TH! THANH Hl/dNG
TOM TAT:
Bai bao tnnh bay ve da dang loai thUc vat thuoc nganh Ngpc lan (Magnoliophyta) tai Vifdn quoc gia (VQG) Phia Oac - Phia Den, tinh Cao Bang. Du'a tren kd't qua cac deft nghidn clJu thu'c dia cung vdi cac ket qua nghien cu'u tru'dc day, chung toi da thong ke du'dc nganh Ngoc lan (Magnoliophyta) vdng nay gom 2 Idp, 156 hg, 617 chi, vdi 1.289 loai. 10 ho cd so'loai nhieu nha't, chiem 6,33% tdng s6'ho cua nganh, nhifng laicd s6'loai la 451 loai, chid'm 34,99%; 170 chi, chie'm 27,56% so chi cua nganh Ngoc lan ndi dSy. 10 chi co so' Itfdng loai nhi^u nha't chiem 1,62% tdng so'chi cua nganli vdi 159 loai chiem 12,28%. Co 841 loai thtfc v^tcd ich, chie'm 65,24% tdng so' loai, nhdm co so' Itfdng loai nhieu nha't la nhdm cay lam thud'c vdi 741 loai chiem 57,49%. Theo Sdch do Viet Nam (2007), thtfc vat nganh Ngpc lan ndi day cd 63 loai du'dc ghi nhan vdi 3 loai cS'p ra't nguy ca'p (CR), 21 lodi d ca'p nguy cS'p (EN), 39 loai d cS'p se nguy ca'p (VU).
Tii khoa: Thanh phan loai thtfc vat, nganh Ngpc lan, Phia Oac - Phia Den, Vtfdn qu6'c gia, tinh Cao Bang.
I. Dat va'n d§
Vtfdn quo'c gia Phia Oac - Phia Den dtfOc thanh lap theo Quye't dinh so 57/QD-TTg ngay 11/1/2018 cua Thu ttfdng chinh phu, thupc huyen Nguyen Binh, tinh Cao Bang, c6 dien tich ttf nhiSn 10.593,5 ha, thupc dia ban 5 xa Thanh Cong, Quang Thanh, Phan Thanh, Htfng Dao va thi tra'n Tinh Tiic. VQG Phia Oac - Phia Den dtfOc danh gia la ndi cd tinh da dang sinh hoc cao.
Mac du da cd mot so'ke't qua nghien cu'u ve da dang sinh hpc, nhtfng chtfa cd cdng trinh nghien ctfu nao danh gia ve da dang loai thtfc vat thuoc nganh Nggc lan (Magnoliophyta) cua viing. D^ co
cd s6 khoa hpc cho viec bao ton hieu qua, chiing toi da tien hanh thtfc hien de tai "Nghien cdu da dang thanh phdn loai thuc vdt thudc nganh Ngoc lan (Magnoliophyta) tgi Vudn quoc gia Phia Oac - Phia Den, tinh Cao Bdng".
II. Phi^cfng phap nghidn cii'u
- Phtfdng phap thu mau theo Nguyin Nghia Thin (2007) [1].
- Dinh loai cac lieu ban thtfc vat cua VQG Phia Oac - Phia Den theo Nguydn Tie'n Ban (1997) [2], Nguydn NghTa Thin (1997) 13], Pham Hoang Hp (1999-2000) [4]; http://www.efloras.org (Thtfc vat chi Trung Quo'c) [5].
HdA HOC - CONG NGHE IHITC PHAM
- So sanh mSu vdi cac tieu ban d cac phong tieu ban thtfc vat.
- Xay dtfng danh luc cac loai dtfa Eren cac dpi khao sat thtfc dia ttf cac nam 2016-2018 va cac tai lieu tham khao. Cac mSu tieu ban dtfdc Itfu lai Phong tidu ban thtfc vSt (HN) cua Vien Sinh thai va Tai nguyen sinh vat.
- Sau khi da cd ten khoa hpc, chiing loi aii dung cac trang website chuyen nganh de kiem tra ve danh phap nhtf: hltp://www.lheplantlisl.org [6];
htlp://wWW.tropicos.org [7] va Danh luc cac loai thtfc vat Viet Nam [8].
- Danh gia gia tri SLf dung ngudn tai nguyen thtfc vat theo V6 Van Chi (20 i 8)[9], Vo Van Chi
& Tran Hop (2000) [10], Tran Hgp (2003) [11], Vidn Dtfdc lieu (2016)[ 12], Nguydn Tie'n Ban (chu bien) &cs.(2003, 2005)18].
- Phtfdng phap danh gia da dang cac taxon thtfc vat theo Nguydn NghTa Thin (2007) [1].
- Tra ctfu cac loai trong Sach dd Viel Nam (2007) [13].
- Nhap dil lieu va phan tich tinh da dang cac [axon bang phan mem Microsoft Access Day la phtfdng phap rat quan trpng va hieu qua de' danh gia da dang thtfc vat vdi so' Itfdng taxon va dtf lieu ldn.
III. Kd't qua nghidn cu'u /. Da dang taxon
Chiing loi da ghi nhan dtfdc 1.289 loai thtfc vat Ihugc nganh Ngpc lan (Magnoliophyta), dtfdc xe'p trong 2 Idp, 158 hg va 617 chi.
l.I. Ty trong giffa hai ldp trong nganh Ngoc lan
He thtfc vat VQG Phia Oac - Phia Den cd ty trong cua Idp Ngoc lan so vdi ldp Hanh dtfdc the hien d (Bang 1). Qua Bang tha'y rang. He ihtfc vat VQG Phia Oac - Phia Den cd ty trpng cua Idp Nggc lan so vdi ldp Hanh luon cao hdn 3, tham chi dat dd'n 5,08 13n. Dieu nay cho tha'y, he thtfc vat ndi day mang tinh cha'l nhiel ddi.
Thtfc vat ldp Ngpc lan (Magnoliopsida) chiem 79,98% tdng sd loai thtfc vat thupc nganh Ngoc lan (Magnoliophyta), con ldp Hanh (Liliopsida) chie'm 20,02% tdng so loai thupc nganh Ngpc lan (Magnoliophyta).
1.2. Da dang hp
De danh gia stf da dang bac ho d he ihtfc vai Ihugc nganh Nggc lan (Magnoliophyta) cua VQG Phia Oac - Phia Den, chiing toi thd'ng kd theo thtf ttf 10 hp nhieu loai nhal (Bang 2). Qua tho'ng ke va xd'p theo thtf Itf giam dan tha'y, hp d vi tri thtf 10 cd 9 chi, vdi 26 loai. Nhtf vay, trong lOhp da dang nha'l d VQG Phia Oac - Phia Den, it nha't mdi hg cung cd 26 loai ltd len.
Qua Bang 2 tha'y ring, 10 hp da dang nha't cua he thtfc vat d VQG Phia Oac - Phia Den mac dti chi chie'm 6,33% tdng so' hp cua loan he, nhtfng lai cd NO'loai la 451 va sdchila 170, chid'm cac tyle ttfdng dng la 34,98% tdng so' loai va 27,56% tdng sd chi thtfc vat nganh Ngoc lan ndi day. Trong so' nhiing hp da dang nhal, phai ke de'n: hp Cdi - Cyperaceae (91 loai), hp Ciic - Asteraceae (74 loai), hg Thau dau - Euphorbiaceae (56 loai), hp Co - Poaceae (44 loai), hg Ca phd - Rubiaceae (38 loai), hg Dau tam - Moraceae (36 loai), hp Ngu gia bi - Araliaceae (30 loai), hp Long nao - Lauraceae (28 loai), hp Hanh - Liliaceae (28 loai), hp Dau - Fabaceae (26 loai). Day deu la nhtfng hp Idn va giau loai cua he thtfc vat Vidt Nam.
1.3. Da dang chi
Cac chi da dang nha't cua nganh Ngpc lan (Magnoliophyta) ciia VQG Phia Oac - Phia Den cho tha'y 10 chi nay chid'm 1,62% tdng so'chi vdi tdng so loai la 159, chie'm 12,28% tdng sd loai thtfc vat nganh Ngpc lan d day. Kd't qua dtfOc trinh bay d Bang 3.
2. Tdi nguyen thiic vqt co ich
Tren cd sd dieu tra, lap danh luc thtfc vat nganh Nggc lan (Magnoliophyta) d VQG Phia Oac - Phia Den ciing nhtf tham khao tai lieu.
Bdng 1. Ty trong cua idp Ngoc Ion (Magnoliopsida) so vdi I6p Hanh (Liliopsida)
Tentaxon Magnoliopsida Liliopsida Magnoliophyta
Ty 1$ Magnoliopsida / Liliopsida Loai 1031 258 1289
4.
Tyle(%) 79,98 20,02 100,0 30
Chi 508 109 617
Tyl§(%) 82,33 17,67 100,0 4,66
Ho 132 26 158
Tyi$(%) 83,64 16,46 100,0 5,08
So 19-Thang 10/2019 331
TAP CHl CONC THIfdNG
Bang 2. Miidi lio da dgng nha't cua nganh Ngoc Ion (IVIagnoliophyta) tai VQG Phia oac - Phia Den
TT 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
T@n Idioa hpc Cyperaceae Asteraceae Euphorbiaceae Poaceae Rubiaceae Moraceae Araliaceae Lauraceae Liliaceae Fabaceae
TSn Vi^t Nam Coi Cue Thau d^u Co Ca phe Dau lam Ngu gia bi Long nao Hanh Gau 10 ho da it?ng nhat (6,33% so (IR)
S&ioai 91 74 56 44 38 36 30 28 28 26 451
%
7,06 5,74 4,34 3,41 2,95 2,79 2,33 2,17 2,17 2,02 34,98
Sochi 10 41 28 29 16 7 8 8 9 14 170
%
1,62 6,65 4,54 4,70 2,59 1,13 1,30 1,30 1,46 2,27 27,56
Bang 3. Mad! chi da dqng nhat cua ngdnh Ngoc Ion (Magnoliophyta) tgi VQG Phia Ode - Phia Den TT
1.
2, 3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9 10.
Ten chi Carex Ficus Fimbristylis Ardisia Rubus Scleria Scheffiera Strobiianthes Begonia Ilex 10 chi da dang nhat (1
Ho Cyperaceae Moraceae Cyperaceae Myrsinaceae Rosaceae Cyperaceae Araliaceae Acanthaceae Begoniaceae Aquifoliaceae 62% tdng so chi)
Soioai 33 25 19 13 13 13 12 11 10 10 159
%
2,56 1,94 1,47 1,01 1,01 1,01 0,93 0,85 0,78 0,78 12.28
chiing tdi da tho'ng ke dtfdc trong tdng sd 1.289 loai Ihtfc vat thupc nganh Ngpc lan, cd 841 loai Ihtfc vat cd cdng dung, chie'm 65,24% tdng so' loai. Ke't qua ve gia tri siJ dung tai nguyen thtfc vat cua he thtfc val VQG Phia Oac - Phia Den dtfdc ghi nhan trong Bang 4.
Trongsdl.289loai thtfc vat d VQG Phia Oac - Phia Den, chung ldi da thd'ng ke dtfdc 841 loai cd cong dung (chie'm 65,24% long so' loai). Tronj
dd, nhdm cay lam thudc cd 741 loai, chie'm 57,49%; nhdm c3y gd cd 104 loai, chid'm 8,07%, nhdm cay lam canh cd 80 loai, chiem 6,21%; nhdm cay CO phan an dtfdc cd 77 loai, chie'm 5,97%; nhdm cay lam rau cd 115 loai, chie'm 8,92; nhdm cay lam Ihtfc an cho ddng val cd 42 loai, chid'm 3,26%;
nhdm cay dd' nhupm cd 26 loai, chie'm 2,02%; nhom cay lam spi co 18 loai, chie'm 1,40%; nhdm cay chtfa linh dau cd 17 loai, chid'm 1,32%.
IV. Ket luan
Kd't qua nghien ctfu da dang he thtfc vat tai VQG Phia OSc - Phia Den, chiing toi da ghi nhan dtfdc 1.289 loai thupc 617 chi, 158 hg trong nganh Ngpc lan (Magnoliophyta). Ty trpng Ciia ldp Ngpc lan so vdi Idp Hanh trong nganh Moc lan ludn cao hdn 3, tham chi dat de'n 5,08. Dieu nay cho tha'y, he thtfc vat ngi d^y mang tinh chat nhidt ddi. Da dang bac dtfdi nganh: Mtfdi hp cd so' loai da dang nha'l, chie'm 6,33% long so' hp cua nganh Nggc lan, nhiftig lai cd so'loai la 451 loai va so'chi la 170, chid'm cac ty Id ttfdng tfng la 34,98% tdng sd loai va 27,56%
tdng sd chi trong nganh Nggc lan ndi day.
Da thd'ng ke dtfdc trong long so' 1.289 loai g thtfc vat nganh Ngpc lan (Magnoliophyta) cd 841
HdA HOC-CONG NGHE THI/C PHAM
Bdng 4. Gid tri sis dung cua ngudn tdi nguyin thUc vq! ngdnh Ngpc lan (Magnoliophyta)
tai VQG Phia Ode - Phia Den Cdng dung
Lam thuoc Cay go' Cay lam rau Cay lam canh Cay CO phan an duoc Cay lam thOc an dflng vat Cay de nhuom Cay lay sdi Cay chLla tinh dau
Tong so
S£fioai 741 104 116 80 77 42 26 18 17 841
Sochi 399
73 92 74 57 32 24 13 13 573
Scf ho 135 44 55 31 32 16 16 7 9 139
Soiap 2 1 2 2 2 2 1 2 2 2
loai thtfc vat cd cong dung, chidm 65,24% tdng so' loai Trong do, nhdm cSy lam thud'c chie'm 57,49%, nhdm cay gd chie'm 8,07%, nhdm cay lam canh chid'm 6,21%; nhdm cay cd phan an dtfdc chie'm 5,97%; nhdm cSy l^m rau chie'm 8,92; nhdm cSy lam thtfc an cho ddng val chid'm 3,26%; nhdm cay de nhudm chie'm 2,02%; nhdm cSy lam sdi chie'm 1,40%, nhdm cay chtfa tinh dau chid'm 1,32%.
63 loai dtfdc ghi nhan cd Irong Sach do Vidt Nam (2007), trong dd 3 loai d thtf hang CR (ra't nguy ca'p), 21 loai d thtf hang EN (nguy ca'p) vh. 39 loai d thtf hang VU (se nguy cap) •
Ldi cdm cfn:
Cdc tdc gid xin chdn thdnh cdm cfn de tdi VAST 04.08/18-19 dd tdi trcf kinh phi thUc hien nghien ciiu nay, stf hd tret td dif dn "Tiem ndng sinh hoc cua nguyen li^u sinh hoc d Viet Nam " - md sd VONOOI.08/18-19. B^n canh do, chung toi bdy to long biet an tdi Ban quan ly, cdn bg kiim lam Khu BTTNPhia Ode - Phia Ben, tinh Cao Bang, nay la VQG Phia Ode - Phia Ben dd tao dieu kien thudn lcfi trong qud trinh nghien ctfu.
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO:
1. NguySn NghTa Thin, Cac phuang phdp nghien ciiu thuc vat. Nxb. Dai hoc Qudc gia Ha Noi, Ha Noi, 2007.
2. Nguyin TiS'n Ban, Cam nang tra ciiu va nhan biet cdc ho thUc vat hat kin d Viet Nam. Nxb Nong nghiep, Ha Noi, 1997.
3. NguySn NghTa Thin, Cdm nang nghien ciiu da dang sinh vat, Nxb. Nong nghiep, Ha Noi, 1997.
4. Pham Hoang Ho, Cdy co Viet Nam (3 quyin), Nxb Tre, Thdnh pho Ho Chi Mmh, 1999-2000 5. http./Zwww.efloras org
6 httpV/www.theplanllist.org 7. http://www.tropicos.org
8. NguySn Tien Bdn (chii biSn) va cs, Danh luc cac lodi thuc vdt Viet Nam, tdp 2, 3, Nxb Nong nghiep. Hd Not.
2003-2005.
9. Vo Van Chi, Tic dien cay thuoc Viet Nam, tdp 1, 2, Nxb. Y hoc. Ha Noi, 2018.
10. Vo Van Chi, Trdn Hap, Cdy co co ich, Nxb. Gido due, 2000
11. Trdn Hap, Tdi nguySn cdy gS Viet Nam, Nxb. Nong nghiep, TP. Ho Chi Mmh, 2003.
12. ViSn Duoc lieu, Danh luc cdy thuoc Viet Nam. Nxb. Khoa hoc vd ky thudt, 2016.
13. Bo Khoa hoc va Cong nghe, ViSn Khoa hoc vd Cong nghe Viet Nam, Sdch do Viet Nam, phdn 11 - Thuc vat, Nxb. Khoa hoc tU nhien vd cong nghe, Hd Noi, 2007.
So 19-Thang 10/2019 333
TAP CHi CONG THIfdNG
Ngay nhan bai: 22/9/2019
Ngay phan bien danh gia va sufa chffa: 2/10/2019 Ngay chap nh3n dang bai: 12/10/2019
Thong fin tdc gid:
1. NCS. TRAN VAN HAI
Vidn Han lam Khoa hpc va Cdng nghe Vi^t Nam
Hpc vi^n Khoa hoc va Cong nghe, Vidn Han lam Khoa hoc va Cong nghe Vidt Nam 2. ThS. NGUYEN XUAN NHA
Khoa Quan ly nha ntfdc ve Xa hpi, Hpc vien Hanh chinh Quo'c gia 3. ThS. PHAM THI THANH HlTONG
Khoa Quan ly nha ntfdc \i Xa hpi, Hgc vien Hanh chinh Qud'c gia
STUDY ON THE DIVERSITY OF MAGNOLIOPHYTA IN PHIA OAC - PHIA DEN NATIONAL PARK,
CAO BANG PROVINCE
• Ph.D's student TRAN VAN HAI Graduate University of Science and Teclinoiogy Vietnam Academy of Science ond Technology
• IVlaster. NGUYEN XUAN NHA Focuity of State Management of Social Affairs
Notional Academy of Public Administration
• Master. PHAM THI THANH HUONG Faculty of State Management of Social Affairs
Nationol Academy of Public Administrotion
ABSTRACT:
This article is to present the diversity of Magnoliophyta m Phia Oac - Phia Den National Park, Cao Bang Province. There are 1.289 species belonging to 617 genera and 158 families of Magnoliophyta in this national park. The Magnoliopsida/Liliopsida rate is 4.00 in species, 4.66 in genera and 5.08 in families respectively. Ten families are the most diverse families representing 6.33% of the total of famihes, 27,56% of the total of genera and 34.98% of the species. There were 841 useful plant species, 63 species are listed in Vietnam Red Data Book (part 2. Plants. 2007), there are 03 species in critically endangered (CR), 21 species in endangered category (EN) and 39 species in vulnerable category (VU).
Keywords: Plant diversity, Magnoliophyta, Phia Oac - Phia Den, National Park, Cao Bang Province.
