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DAO TIN LANH 0 TAY NGUYEN VA VAN DE OAT RA HIEN NAY
• TS NGUYEN K H A C DlTC Vien Ton gido vd Tin nguong.
Hoc vien Chinh tri quoc gia Ho Chi Minh
• Tdm tdt: Dao Tin Ldnh dUdc du nhdp vdo Tdy Nguyen tii cudi nhiing ndm 20 theky XX.
Hien nay, dao Tin Ldnh da cd dUdc vi tri quan trgng trong ddi song tdn gido d khu viic ndy vd ddp iing dtidc nhu cdu tdn gido, tin ngUdng cua dong bdo cdc ddn tpc Tdy Nguyen.
Tuy nhien, hoat dpng cua dao Tin Ldnh d Tdy Nguyen cdng dang ddt ra nhiing vdn decdn dUdc quan tdm gidi quyit, nhU: tinh trang thieu ndi sinh hoat tdn gido, hoat dpng ldi dung dao Tin Ldnh cua nhiing Itic liidng xdu. Nhdn dien dtidc nhiing van de dang dat ra de Ddng vd Nhd nUdc ta cd dUdc nhiing quyet sdch cho phii hdp.
• Tiikhda: Dao Tin Ldnh, Tdy Nguyen.
D
ao Tin Ldnh chinh thiie dugc du nhdp vao Viet Nam ndm 1911. Cdng viee tmygn gido do Hdi Truyen giao Phuc Am Lien hiep (Christian and Missionary Al- liance - C&MA), td chtic ddn tir Bde My, thuc Men. Sau dd khdng Idu, cdc giao si thudc C&MA da bdt ddu tmygn giao vao vung ddn tdc thidu sd Tdy Nguyen. Dao Tin Ldnh phdn ndo dap iing nhu eau tdn gido, tin ngudng cua ngudi dan, gdp phdn xda bd cdc hii tuc, dua dgn nhiing tign bd vg dao due, ldi sdng... nhung eung tao ra mdt sd phiic tap.1. Tinh hinh dao Tin Lanh of Tay Nguyen hien nay
Sau khi Hdi tiianh Tin Lanh Viet Nam (mien Nam) dupe Nha nude cdng nhdn vdo ndm 2001,
nhat la sau CM tiii sd 01 /2005/CT-TTg, ngdy 4- 2-2005 ciia Thu tudng Chinh phu Vemdtsdcdng tic ddi vdi dao Tin Linh dupe ban hanh, tinh hinh dao Tin Lanh d Tdy Nguyen dign bign theo hudng tich eye; so ngudi theo dao gia tdng nhung khdng dot bien, khdng tao nhiing didm ndng xd hdi. Ddn nam 2015, khu vyc cd 440.149 ngudi theo dao Tin Ldnh'", phdn bd nhu bang (ttang sau).
Ddn ndm 2018, Tay Nguyen cd 600 nghin tin dd theo dao Tm Lanh (450 nghin tin dd la ngudi dan tde tMeu sd), 1.665 diem nhdm (1.300 digm nhdmdddugccdp dang ky), 300 eM hdi, 120 nha thd, nhd nguyen'^'. 18 tpc ngirdi tMeu sd theo dao Tin Ldnh, bao gdm: E De (133.593 ngudi), Gia Rai (82.604). Bah Nar (35.309), K'Ho (74.864),
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THUCTliN - KINH NGHIEMn Tongsotinto
1 2 3 4 5
Oak l i k GakNong Gia Lai Kon Tum LamGong
Tong so
Tin «ongilM DTTS
159.298 54.312 116.730 17.216 92.593
440.149
S o t o d i i t c h l p h a l
155.886 53.255 113.510 16.932 87.433
427.016 NlutM
19 9 18 15 32 93
Mutsir,tniyai»ao
6 8 26 1 52 571
Oiemnhbm
196 71 100 86 118
1.236
Chi hoi
387 144 302 109 294
234
Ngudn; Ban Tdn giao Chinhphu, nam 2015 Cac to chirc, hf phai dao Tin Lanh
Cac to chiirc, he phai <a t u r n cang nhan v i cap dang ky:
TT Sol
1. H6I thanh Tin Lanh Viet Nam (mien Nam}
2. Hoi thanh Lien hull Co floe Viet Nam 3. GJao hoi Cd 6oc Phuc Lam Viet Nam 4. Hoi thanh Tin Lanh Tnidng lao Viet Nam 5. Giao hpi Bap t i t VietNam
Cactoch
11. Hoi thanh Tin Lanh Thanh khiet Viet Nam 12. Hoi chiing Ngu tuan Viet Nam 13. Lien hiep Toan cau Viet Nam 14. Tin Lanh Dat hila Viet Nam 15. Tin Lanh Bang Christ Viet Nam 16.Tin Lanh Yeu thuang Viet Nam 17. Tin Lanh Toan dien Viet Nam 18. Lien hiepTruyen giao PhiJc Am Viet Nam 19. Giam ly VietNam
20. Tin Lanh Lutheran (SiJ mang Thanh do)
• • • m *Sfesift:
iong tin $6
376.764 2.659 7.460 6.281 2 1 3 9
ic, he phai
1.804 52 91 20 150 106 30 3.356 862 120
rrmgso TT
6. Hoi Truyen giao Ccf ^6c Viet Nam 7. Tong hoi Bap t i t Viet Nam 8. Hoi thanh Phuc Am Ngu tuan Viet Nam 9. hoi thanh Phiic Am Toan ven Viet Nam 10. HOI thanh Mennonite Viet Nam
hua tuoccong n h a n :
,. ... .<
2 1 . Giam ly Lien hiep Vi^t Nam 22. Lien hiep Truyen giao Viet Nam 23. Hgi thanh Phiic Am sii song Viet Nam 24. Lien hi^u Bap t i t Viet Nam 25. Hoi thanh Trudng lao Uen hiep Viet Na 26. Hgi thanh Bap t i t Li&n hiep V i l t Nam 27. Hoi thanh BiJc Chua TrcJi Viet Nam 28.HoithanhPhucAmec(itfcfi 29. Tin Lanh Truyen giao Viet Nam 30. Hgi thanh Truyen giang Phuc Am Viet ^
4 3 8 . 3 6 2 ' " , - • ^ " ' . • ' . , " 1
^ ^ ^ ^
56 \\iang tin do
17.961 121 5.996 175 501
VQ
347 691 24 474 m 223
541 132 462 117 m 8.703
Mik *^
Ngudn: Bao cio tinh hinh dao Tin Lanh dcac tinh Tiy Nguyen nam 2
LYLUAN CHlNHTR!-So 11/2019
M'Ndng (23.284),Xe Ddng (6.473),Vdn Kieu, Ma, H'Mdng, H'Lang, Gie Trieng, Dao, Nung, Tay, Sdn Chi, Cham, S'Tieng, Thai. Hien tai, cd hon 30 td chiic, he phdi dao Tm Lanh ciing tdn tai 6 khu vuc nay.
Cdc td chiic, he phdi dd diroc Nhd nude cdng nhan co ddng tin dd hon ca, nhu: Hdi thdnh Tin Lanh Viet Nam (mien Nam), chiem 87%
tdng sd tin do; Hdi Truyen gido Co ddc Viet Nam, chi^m4,l%.
Thuc Men Chi thi Ve mot sd cong tic ddi vdi dao Tin Linh ndm 2005 cua Thu tudng Chinh phu, d^n nay tmh Mnh dao Tin Ldnh 6 Tdy Nguyen da timg budc dn dinh, hocit ddng tuan thu phdp Mat, ddp ung nhu cau tdn gido cda ngudi dan. Hon 90% tin do duoc sinh boat tdn gido dj do trong cac cM hdi hay diem nhdm;
nhiiu nhd thd, nhd nguyen duoc trung tu, sua chua hay xay mdi; nhi^u muc su, truyen dgo duoc thu phong.
Ben canh dd, boat dgng dao Tin lanh tai Tay Nguyen cdn mdt sd van de can giai quyet;
Thiiu nha thd, nha nguyen dip img nhu ciu sinh hoat tdn giio cua ngudi dan
Tay Nguyen hien nay cd ddng ddo tin do dao Tin Lanh, ddc bigt Id ddng bdo DTTS, vdi 600 nghin ngudi, 1.665 didm nhdm, 300 chi hpi, nhung cM cd 120 nha thd, nen rdt thidu noi smh boat tdn giao cho ngudi dan'^'. Nhieu td chu:c, he phdi dao Tm Ldnh phdi td chiic sinh hoat tai nhung dia dilm ngoai co sd thd tu, noi cdng cpng, khdch san, thdm chi Id nha rieng, tir do ddt ra khd khdn cho cM'nh quyen cdc dia phuong trong quan ly xd hdi''". Do dd, viec coi ndi, md rpng, tham chi la xay mdi nha thd, nhd nguyen; mua ban, chuydn nhugng dat dai dl xdy CO sd tdn giao khi chua dugc phep ciia chinh quydn da va dang di§n ra. Trong khi do viec ho trg xay dung noi sinh boat tdn giao cdn
gap nMeu khd khan do thuc Iuc ciia cdc td chiic dao Tm Lanh, ciing nhu khd khdn chung ciia cdc dia phuong'^l
Tinh hinh ph uc tap trong chinh dao Tin Linh Do cd nhieu td chiic, he phdi dao Tin Lanh boat dpng rat khdc nhau, nen tao ra nhung phiic tap trong tinh hinh tdn giao. Cd nhiing nhdm boat ddng dn dinh, tudn thii phdp Mat, tdn trpng su lanh dao quan ly cua Nhd nude, cd ddng gdp cho cdng ddng. Trong khi do, mpt sd nhdm boat ddng khdng dn dinh, thilu Mlu bilt vl phap Mat dan den nhiing vi pham. Mdt sd td chiic, be phai tranh gianh anh hudng, cdng kich ldn nhau dl phat trien tin dd, md rpng dia ban truyen giao gdy nen nhung bdt dn trong cdng ddng, ddc bidt lad viing DTTS.
NMeu td chiic, he phdi chua dugc cdng nhdn.
Cd den 20 td chuc, he phai, vdi hem 18 nghm tm dd chua dupe cdng nhdn'^', cung cd nghia Id bp phan nay hien dang "ngodi vdng quan ly" ciia chinh quydn, tiim an nhiiu nguy co mat trat tu xd hdi. Thi du nhu vu viec "Hdi thdnh Diic Chiia Trdi me" ndm 2018.
Hoat ddng loi dung dao Tin Linh Cac luc lugng xdu thudng xuyen tim mpi cdch Im dung van de tdn gido, trong dd cd dao Tin Ldnh dl gdy rdi xa hpi, chdng pha each mang nuoc ta. Ddc biet, trong bdi cdnh todn cau hda, cdi md trong quan diem, chinh sdch ddi vdi dao Tin Lanh ciia Dang vd Nhd nude;
viec lpi dung dao Tin Ldnh d Tay Nguyen ngay cang manh vd tinh vi.
Hai cudc bao loan chinh tri xay ra tai cdc tinh Tdy Nguyen thdng 2-2001 vd thdng 4-2004 la nhiing trudng hgp diln hinh cho thay am muu va hanh ddng lpi dung dao Tin Lanh, dan tdc cua cdc thd luc phdn dpng. Nghe theo nhiing ldi kich ddng, xiii giuc ciia nhung phdn tii phdn dgng d nuoc ngodi vdi am muu thanh Idp "Nhd
^
THL/CTIEN - KINH NGHIEMnude De ga ddc lap" vd "Tm Lanh De ga"'"' oTdy Nguyen, dimg dau la Ksor Kolc, hang ngan ngudi DTTS tii cdc ban Idng xa xdi, bdng nhung phuong tien thd so, ke ca cdng ndng tiln vl bieu tinh, gdy bao loan 6 cac thdnh phd, thi trdn thudc cdc tmh Gia Lai, Ddk Ldk gay mat trat tu, an todn xdhdi.
Nhimg ndm sau do, cac vu vile phiic tap lien quan den tdn giao, ddn tdc vdn didn ra. Trong sau thdng ddu nam 2006, dd cd khoang 70 vu viec xay ra: Gia Lai 33 vu (chiem 47%); Ddk Ldk
15 vu (21%); Lam Ddng 11 vu (15,7%); Kon Tum 6 vu (8,5%); Ddk Ndng 3 vu (4,3%)t8>.
Gan ddy, iuc lupng FULRO vd "Tin Ldnh De ga cd ddu Meu hoat ddng trd IEU. Tai tinh Gia Lai, nhiing nhan vdt thudc "Tin Lanh De ga"
dling dau vd tuyen truyen cac ta dao, nhu Ta dao Ha Mdn, Thanh Hai Vd thugng su. Bo khap Brdu, gay phiic tap tinh Mnh, tiim an nguy CO gdy nen cac cupc bieu tinh vd bao loan chinh tri.
2. Mot so kien nghj de xuat
Dl ndng cao hieu qua cdng tdc tdn gido vd cdng tac ddi vdi Tin Ldnh, ddc biet Id thuc Men hieu qua Luat Tin ngudng, tdn gido d Tdy Nguyen, trong thdi gian tdi chiing ta can tap trung ldm tdt nhiing nhiem vu sau:
Motli, tiip tuc tuyen truyen, quan triet chu tntang, chinh sach tdn giao cua Dang, Nhi nude trong cin bd, dang vien va nhan din
Tu khi thuc hiln dudng ldi ddi mdi ddt nude din nay. Dang va Nha nude da cd nhiing quan dilm, chinh sdch ddi mdi vl tdn giao, tin ngudng. Nhiing quan diem, chinh sdch do da di vdo cudc sdng, dap ung nhu cdu tdn gido, tin ngudng cua nhdn ddn vd gdp phdn vao su phdt triln chung cua ddt nude. Nghi quyit Trung uong 7 khda IX vl cdng tac tdn giao chi rd: "Tm ngudng, tdn giao la nhu cau dnh than cua mpt
bd phdn nhdn dan, dang vd se tdn tai cung dan tdc trong qua trinh xay dung chu ngMa xd hdi d nude ta"'^'.
Ludt Tin ngudng, tdn giao do Nhd nude ta ban hdnh nam 2016 khdng dmh: "1. Moi ngudi cd quyen tu do tin ngudng, tdn giao, theo hoac khdng theo mdt tdn gido nao.
2. Mdi ngudi cd quyin bay td niem tin tin ngudng, tdn gido; thuc hdnh 11 ngM tin ngudng, tdn giao; tham gia 11 hdi; hpc tap vd thuc hanh giao ly, gido Mat tdn gido"'"".
Ddi vdi dao Tin Lanh, chii truong, chinh sach ddi mdi cua Dang vd Nha nude duoc the hiln thdng qua Chi thi sd: 01/2005/CT-TTg, ngdy 4-2-2005 ve mpt sd cdng tdc ddi vdi dao Tin Ldnh ciia Thii tudng Chinh phu. Theo dd, chung ta tiing budc binh thudng hda hoat dpng cua dao Tm Ldnh d nuoc ta, ddc biet la d viing dan tpc tMlu sd Tdy Nguyen va Tdy Bdc. Cdn tiep tuc dugc tuyen truyen, qudn triet dl nang cao nhan thiic vl tdn gido, vl dao Tin Lanh cho can bp, dang vien, nhat la can bd ldm cdng tdc tdn gido, chiic sac, tin dd tdn gido va nhan dan.
Haila, quan tim xay dung ddi ngu can bdlam cdng tic tdn giio
O nhieu noi thudc Tay Nguyen hiln nay, dpi ngu cdn bd ldm cdng tdc tdn gido thilu ve sd lupng, bau hit chua dupe ddo tao co ban vl cdng tdc tdn giao, lam ban che viec giai quyit nhiing cdng viec lien quan den tdn gido va dao Tm Lanh. Thuc te cho thay da sd cdn bp, cdng cbiic khdng muon lam cdng tac tdn gido vi nhiem vu nay khd khan, phiic tap. Vi vay, viec tang cudng ciing cd, xay dung ddi ngu can bd lam cdng tac tdn giao la ylu cau cap thilt.
Dang, Nha nude va eac dia phuong trong khu vuc cdn tiip tuc cham lo xay dung dpi ngii cdn bd ldm cdng tac tdn gido. Cu the la thdng qua ddo tao, bdi dudng, ren Myen can bd trong thue
LYLUAN CHlNHTR!-5611/2019
m
tien; ddng thdi quan tam cMnh sdch ddi ngd, kl ca ddng vien khen thudng. Muc tieu Id cd dugc dpi ngu cdn bd lam cdng tac tdn gido cd ndng luc cdng tdc tdt, ndm chdc phap Mat vd am hieu vl tdn gido. Day la dieu kien tiln quyet bao dam ldm cho chinh sdch, phdp Mat ddi mdi vl tdn gido ciia Dang, Nha nude di vao cudc sdng trin ca nude, cung nhu 6 Tay Nguyen.
Ba la, phit buy ddng gdp cua dao Tin Lanh cho phit triin vdng ddng bio DTTS
Dao Tin Lanh la tdn giao cai each hien dai, rdt quan tdm vd cd ddng gdp tich cue cho xd hdi, dieu ndy thi Men rdt rd d nhiing nude cd ddng tin dd dao Tin Ldnh, nhu: My, Diic, Han Qudc, tham chi la Trung Qudc tnrdc ddy.
6 nude ta, trong thdi ky trude ndm 1975, dao Tin Lanh da ed ddng gdp tich eve cho boat ddng giao due, y tl, tu thiln nhdn dao thdng qua nhiiu trudng hpc, benh vien. 6 Tay Nguyin, Hpi thanh Tin Lanh Viet Nam (miln Nam) da thdnh Idp Benh viln Phong ndm 1951 d Budn Me Thudt; Benh vien Tin Lanh Da Lat nam 1959, va nam 1960 mot benh viln da khoa dugc xay dung d Pleiku. Din ndm 1975, Hdi Thdnh dd cd 5 benh vien va Chan y vien. Cdc td chiic dao Tin Lanh khac, nhu: Gido hdi Co ddc Phuc ldm, Hgi Truyin gido Co ddc, Gido hdi Bap tit cung dd cd nhung boat ddng xd hdi thiet thuc.
Hien nay, cdc td chiic dao Tin Lanh tich cue tham gia cdc boat ddng xd hdi, tir thiln, nhdn dao gdp phdn thuc hien an sinh xa hdi, nhir giao due, y tl, xda ddi giam ngheo, ciiu trg khan cap, tang xe ldn cho ngudi khuyet tat. Tuy nhien, nhung kit qua ndy chua tuong xiing vdi khd ndng ddng gdp ciia hg.
Mdt trong nhiing chu truong rat mdi ciia Dang vd Nha nude id phat huy ngudn luc ciia cdc tdn giao ddng gdp cho xa hdi, vi vdy vile
phdt huy ddng gdp cua dao Tin Lanh cho sir phat trien ciia Tay Nguyen, noi cd rdt ddng ddo ddng bdo DTTS theo dao la rat can thiet O
(1) Sd lieu nay do cac dnh thdng ke bao cao. Sd lupng tin dd ndy it hem so vdi thuc te, vi cd mot bp phdn dang kl lin dd thudc cac td chiic dao Tin Lanh chua dugc cdng nhdn, md cac tinh chua thdng k& duoc. Sd ngudi theo dao Tm Lanh 6 Tay Nguyen hien tai khoang 600 nghin.
(2) Thdng tin tu Ban Ton gido Chinh phii.
(3) Sd tin dd dao Tin Lanh d khu vuc Men da tang gan 10 lan, trong kM d6 sd nha thd lai giam di gdn 1/2 do ylu td lich sii.
(4) Xem: Nguyen IChdc Dtic: Mpt sd vdn dl vi dao Tin Lanh d Viet Nam, Nxb Ly ludn Chinh Ui, Ha Ndi, 2018, n:.93.
(5) Xem Vu Thi Thu Ha [Chu bien): Gia tri va chiic nang ciia Tin Lanh trong viing ddn tdc thieu sd 6 Viet Nam Men nay, Nxb Khoa hpc xa hpi. Ha Npi, 2018,U.173.
(6) Trong ca nuoc, hien cd hon 70 td chiic, he phai hay nhdm Tin Lanh chua dugc cdng nhan voi sd luong khoang 200 ngMn ngudi.
(7) Cai ggi la "Tin Lanh De ga" la mpt td chiic chinh tri phan ddng duoc tuyen truyin d Tdy Nguyen nam 1999.
(8) Xem: Doan Trieu Long: Dao Tin Lanh 6 mien TrungTay Nguyen, Nxb Chinh tri Qudc gia. Ha Ndi, 2013, tr.205.
(9) DCSVN: Van kien hpi nghi lan thubayBan Chdp hanh Tmng uong khda IX, Nxb Chinh tri qudc gia, Ha Npi, 2003, U.488.
(10) Ban Tdn gido CMnh phii: Tdi lieu gidi thieu Luat tin nguong, tdn giao, Nxb Tdn gido, Ha Ndi, 2017,tr.l0.
