« HOP TAC QUOC TE
Dien hat nhan va n^^r su tro giup cua IAEA
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IAEA nhuTng nam qua da giup cac quoc gia dat dUtfc hoac m d rong tiep can nang luong hat nhan. Bang each do, IAEA dang thuc hien nhiem vu dUtfc thong suot trong 6 thap Icy trUdc de tim each thuc day va m d rong dong gop cua nang lUOng nguyen tuT vao hoa binh, suTc khoe va thinh vU'tfng tren toan the gidi.
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en canh viec khang djnh ndng lupng hat nhdn la nguon ndng lucftig quan trpng, an todn cua tuung lai, ong Mikliai Chudakov, Phd long gidm doc kiem trudng phdng Nang lupng hat nhan cua LVEA cung giai thich cac tdc dgng xau cua nang lupng hat nhdn Ign moi trudng va cho rdng, cdc hiem hpa ndy cd the kiem sodt dUpc.Lua chon quan trgng Bon ndm sau su co nghiem trgng lai nhd mdy dien hat nhdn Fukushima Daiichi cua Nhat Bdn, Doi vdi nhieu quoc gia, dien hat nhdn vdn Id mdt lya chpn quan trpng cho sU edi thien an ninh nang lupng vd giam thilu ldc dpng cua gid nhien lieu hoa thach. La mdt nguon dien on djnh trong thdi dai nhu cau dien loan can
Tong Gidm ddc IAEA Yukiya Amano xem xet dia diem xdy dung nhd mdy diin bat nhdn Ninh Thuan
ngdy cdng tang, dien hat nhan se bo sung cho cac nguon nang lupng khde bao gom cd nang lugng ldi tao.
Dien hat nhdn cung vdi thuy dien, dien gid cd lUpng khi thdi nha kinh thap nhal trong toan bp nguon phdt dien, nen nd lign quan chu yeu den gidm nhe cdc tac dpng cua bien d6i khi hdu.
Mgt moi tuung quan rd rdng lien ket gifla ngheo nang lupng vdi ddi ngheo thuc sy. Ndng lupng Id dpng CO cua sy phat trien. Ngay nay, 1,3 ty ngudi khdng dupc tilp can vdi dang ndng lupng hien dai, Mdt ty ngudi thieu sy cham sdc sdc khde thich hpp do ngheo nang lugng vd 2,6 ty ngudi, hpn 1/3 dan so the gidi, vdn dot sinh khoi cho cdc nhu cau nang luung cu bdn.
N A N G L U O N G VIET N A M (s6' 126+127 t h a n g 11+12/2015) EB W
Htfp TAC QUOC Tt ^
Tdng Gidm doc IAEA} a Amano Idm viic vdi Cue Ndng luong nguyin td Viet Nam
Cung vdi moi quan tdm ve dam bao cung cap nang luung va van de khi thdi cacbon, chung ta vdn nhdn dUpc tinh trang sfl dyng nang lupng hien nay Cdc d l dn mdi nh4t cua IAEA td Ihdng 8- 2014 cho thay den nam 2030 cdng suat phat dien hat nhdn se lang tfl 8-88%
(L\EA, 2012), Dieu dd cho thay, Fukushima co the Idm cham sy phdt irien dien hat nhdn nhung nd khdng lam dimg hay dao ngupc xu the sfl dung dien hat nhdn. Su md rgng trong lodn cau viec sd dyng dien hat nhdn dang tiep tyc, dac biet la d chau A, noi dang xdy dung 2/3 trong long so Id phdn flng mdi cua todn the gidi dupc Ign ke hoaeh x% dyng. Trong 30 nudc dang van hdnh nhd mdy dien hat nhan, 13 nudc hoac dang xay dung them cac to mdy mdi hodc dang hodn chinh cac dU an xay dung dang dd. Them 12 nudc nfla dang tich c u e ) % dyng cdc to mdy mdi (IAEA, 2014a).
Ngoai 30 nudc da sfl dung dien hat nhdn, cung cd titng do nudc dang quan tdm den bo sung dien hat nhan vao td hpp nguon dign cua hg. IAEA khong co gang tdc dgng den quyet dinh dd nhung khi mgt nudc thanh vien cua IAEA di theo con dudng do, IAEA se sdn sdng giup dd (L\EA, 2014a), Tuung lai cua
dign hat nhan cd lign quan den tuong lai nang lupng. Nhflng nhan to m ^ dang d cdc giai doan phdt triln khac nhau, mac du phan ldn dang can nhac chua cd mpt quylt dinh tam quIc gia thi da cd hai nudc la cac Tieu vuong quoc A rap vd Belarus xdy dyng nhd may dien hat nhan dau tien cda hp.
Bon nam sau th^m hoa hat nhan Fukushima, 30 nudc van tiep tuc suf dung dien hat nhan.
KhoSng 11% sdn lUtfng dien the gidi do 44016 phdn flng dang hoat dong cung cap. Tren toan the g i ^ co 68 Id phdn uTng dang dfltfc xay dung va cd xu the ngay cang tang han con so nay.
Nhiitng doi mdi
Tren ihyc te, bat ky mgt chuong trinh dien hat nhdn nao cung yeu cau mgt sy qui hoaeh vd chuan bi l^ ludng cung nhu mdt su dau lu Idn ve thdi gian va nhdn luc. Sy co Fukishima cung nhac nhd ve tinh an todn, v^n de song cdn de phdt trien tupng lai cua dien hat nhan.
Cac nudc Ihdnh vign IAEA da phdn flng nhanh chdng vdi sy co fukushima bang each nhat tri thdng qua Ke hoaeh
Hdnh ddng cda IAEA ve An toan H^
nhan (LVEA, 2011) nham xem xet 1^
mgt cdch nghiem khac hang loatlfe d l ky thuat san xuat dien hat nhan, Til cdng tac quan ly sy c6 nghigm trpng den truyin thdng, tfl cdng tdc c h u ^ bi va flng phd khan cap den phdi triln va nghien cflu dupc tdng cudng, cac nudc thdnh vien dang tap trung vao cdc bdi hgc kinh nghigm tfl cdc vu sit CO de edi thien an loan hat nhdn mot cdch todn dien.
Sau Fukushima, ngodi viec nang cao ani toan trong cdc Id hien tai, cdc tien bo cdng nghe cung dang dupc tien hdnh de lam cho dien hat nhan an todn hun ra hieu qua hon. Phdn flng t^ng ht^ hat nhdn, cdc Id phan flng nhanh, chu trinh nhign lieu khep kfn cd the md rdng viec sd dyng nguon tai nguyen cua chung ta hang ngan nam. Cdc Id nho \i vfla (SMR) cd the giai quylt cdc ygu c k ve dien ludi vd van dh vln Idn. Hien nay tren the gidi da cd 45 SMR doi mdi trong cac nudc n h u Achentina,Trui^
Quoc, An Dp, Nga (L\EA 2014), IAEA dang trg giup cac nudc thanh vien bao gom cd nhflng nhdn to mdi, cac nudc dd cd kinh nghiem ve dien hat nhdn trong viec thiet lap co cau qui pham vd phdp ly thich hpp, cung c ^ kiln thflc xay dyng, chuung trinh hoat dpng nha may dien hat nhan, khdi ddng va van hdnh an loan cdc Id phan flng hat nhdn. IAEA cung xdy dimg cac dgu chu^n an todn hat nhdn vd hudng dan an ninh hat nhan. Cac phdi doan chuyen gia cda IAEA giup cac nudc thanh vign trong mdt loat cac linh vuc bao g6m khai thdc md uran, an toan, an ninh cho nha mdy va cac thiet bi hat nhdn, cung nhu "ddng cfla" nha may dien hat nhan vd quan ly chat thai phdng xa.
XUAN THANH Ngu6n:Mikbai Chudakov, "Nuclear power after Fukusbiam:IAEA projec- tions ", Harvard College Review ofEn- vironmet &Socierty
EE N A N G L J O N G VIET N A M (so 126+127 t h a n g 11+12/2015)
