KHOA HOC, CONG NGHE VA MOI TRUONG
DINH mm SAN XUAT VU DONG NAM 2011
TS. LE DINH SON TF liimg I ml. .Sd NN va PTNT Hdi Duong
S
AN xuat vu ddng giu vai trd quan trpng trong san xua't ndng nghiep khu vuc ddng bang sdng Hdng ndi chung cung nhu san xuat ndng nghiep tinh Hai Duong. Phat huy nhung uu the ve dieu kien thdi tiet, dat dai, truyen thd'ng canh tac lau ddi eiing vdi kha nang tiep can khoa hpc ky thuat tien bd ap dung vao thuc te san xua't, ndng dan Hai Duong dang tifng budc nang cao hieu qua san xua't cay vu ddng, gdp phan tich cue chuyen ddi co cau cay trdng, lang thu nhap tir san xuat ndng nghiep. De san xuat cay vu ddng nam 2011 dat hieu qua cao, chiing ldi xin dua ra mdt sd ndi dung djnh hudng cay trdng vu Ddng nam 2011 de cac hp ndng dan ciing tham khao.Vu ddng 2010-2011 vifa qua, dien tich san xuat cay vu ddng toan tinh la 22.372 ha, dat 95,2%
so vdi ke hoach (23.500ha) va bSng 94,7% so vdi nam 2010. Mac dii dien tich cd giam chut it so vdi nam trudc, nhung cd the khang dinh day la mdt vu ddng thang loi do nang suat cay trdng cao, gia ban san pham cao, tieu thu de dang, gia tri thu dupc tren mdt don vj dien tich dat cao, tang 43,2% so vdi vu ddng nam trudc (la vu ddng dupc coi la thang Ipi ca ve dien tich, nang suat va gia trj sau nhieu nam khd khan). Theo gia thuc te, gia trj san xuat vu ddng cua tinh nam 2010-2011 dat 1.834,523 ty ddng, tang so vdi vu ddng nam trudc 481,091 ty ddng (tang 35,5%). Gia tri san xuat tren 1 ha
Gidng ngo nep lai MX6 duoc trong khao nghiem a tai xa Nguyen Giap, '^^y^^^'^Ky- Anh: HOA THUAN
tang vu.
Vdi phuong cham hudng vao gia trj lam muc lieu san xua't, tiep tuc duy tri, md rdng, phat then viing san xuat hang hoa tap trung, tren co sd phat huy the manh va kha nang td chirc thuc hien ciia cac dja phuong, toan tinh phan dau san xuat vu ddng 2011-2012 vdi dien tich 22.500 ha, gia trj san xuat dat 1.910ty ddng, binh quan 85 trieu ddng/ha. Trong dd:
-I- Cay mau luong thuc (ngd):
2.500 ha. Nang suat: 48 ta/ha;
+ Cay chat bdt cd cii (Khoai lang); 1.000 ha. Nang suat 110 ta/ha;
+ Cay thuc pham va rau cac loai; 18.800 ha. Nang suat 220 ta/ha;
+ Cay cdng nghiep (Dau gieo trdng dat 82,5 trieu ddng, cao
hon vu ddng nam trudc 24,9 trieu ddng/ha (tang 43,2%). Ndng dan thu nhap cao nen rat phan khdi.
Cho den nay, nhan rd tam quan trpng ciia vu ddng, cac dja phuang tuy theo the manh cay trdng vu ddng deu chii ddng, quyet liet dua giai phap chi dao, hd trp bd tri tang CO cau tra miia sdm, gidng ngan ngay P6 OB, KD18, PC6, HYT108, TH3-3; lam dat, gieo cay vu miia ngay sau khi thu liia xuan vdi tdc dp nhanh, ket thiic sdm... de bd tri thdi vu cay vu ddng, nhat la vu ddng sdm. Toan tinh cd khoang 7.500 ha cay rau mau he thu, 5.000ha liia cay trudc 5/7 (cho thu hoach trudc 5/10), 4.000ha dat bai ngoai de, thuan Ipi de chu ddng trdng cay vu ddng sdm, quay vdng
1 6 \ TAP CHi KHOA HOC, CONG NGHE & MOI TRUONG HAI DUONG So 4 * 8/2011
KHOA HOC, CONG NGHE VA MOI TRUONG
tuong); 200 ha. Nang suat 16 ta/ha.
De thuc hien muc tieu ke hoach tren, giai phap trpng tam ciia vu ddng nam nay la: Thu hoach nhanh, gpn dien tich tra liia miia sdm, thu liia den dau lam dat trdng vu ddng den dd; ap dung cac bien phap khdng lam dat, lam dat tdi thieu, trdng gdi lua miia - cay vu ddng, lam bau, dd'i vdi cay vu ddng ua am (ngd, bi cac loai, dau tuong...), ke't thiic trudc 5/10; duy tri va phat trien cac viing san xuat hang hoa tap trung, cay trdng cd gia trj kinh te cao; phat huy the manh md rdng dien tich cay rau thuc pham, nhat la cay ua lanh.
Cac giai phap cu the nhu sau;
Dam bao co dCi gidng tdt cho san xuat, da dang hoa cay trdng nhung chii trong dua vao san xuat cac gidng mdi ngan ngay, nang suat chat lupng cao, phii hpp thj trudng.
- Cay ngo: Tap trung sir dung gidng ngd lai cd nang suat cao de san xuat ngd luong thtic (chiem 50% dien tich), dien tich cdn lai (khoang 50%) san xuat ngd gidng va ngd chat lupng cao lam thuc pham. Md rdng dien tich ngd ngan ngay, ngd nep, ngd ngot. Cu the:
Tren dat bai ngoai de, dat thu hoach rau mau he thu chii ddng thdi vu; Diing cac gidng ngd te thudng dai ngay (115-125 ngay) cd nang suat cao nhu LVN10, HQ2000, P848.
Tren chan dat 2 vu liia; Diing cac gidng ngd te thudng cd thdi gian sinh trudng trung va ngan ngay (100-110 ngay) nhu LVN4, LVN 145, C919.
Ngd nep MX10, HN88, Wax 44,48,50, tim deo 926, Victory 924;
ngd ngot nhu Sugar 75, 77, Golden
Sweeter 93... chii ddng bd tri tren ca 2 chan dat, dam bao rai vu de thu hieu qua kinh te cao.
- Cay khoai tay: Sir dung cac gidng chii life nhu Sinora, Solara, Diamant, Aladin, VT2... Md rdng dien tich trdng cac gidng khoai tay nhan gidng trong nudc tif vu xuan bao quan trong kho lanh, khoai tay Trung Qudc sach benh, nhat la cac gidng dap irng dupc yeu cau che bien gan vdi bao tieu san pham.
Diing cii to khdng bj sau benh, ap diing bien phap cat cii de giam chi phi san xuat.
- Cay dau tuong: Trdng cac gidng ngan ngay nhu: DT84, 0T12, 0VN9, 0VN11.
- Rau cac loai: Ngudn hat gidng rau rat phong phii, gia hat gidng khdng cd bien ddng nhieu so vdi nam trudc, cd them mdt sd gidng su hao, bap cai mdi chju nhiet de trdng vu ddng sdm.
Khuyen khich ndng dan trdng cac loai rau cd gia trj kinh te cao va cd thj trudng tieu thu on djnh nhu hanh ta, hanh tay, ca rdt, cu dau, bi xanh, dt, su hao, siip Io... thuc hien da dang hoa cay rau mau cd gia tri kinh te cao de md rdng thj trudng tieu thu, nha't la tieu thu ndi dja.
Day manh san xuat rau qua xuait khau theo hpp ddng, nhait la nhung viing cd tiem nang nhung chua phat huy dupc hoac nhifng dja phuang gia tri san xuat cay vtj ddng cdn dat thap.
- Cac hd ndng dan can chii ddng kiem tra, phan loai va tiep tuc bao quan tdt toan bd lupng gidng da chuan bj tir trudc nhu hanh, tdi, khoai tay. Chu ddng mua hat gidng sdm, nhat la gidng nhap ndi cay vu ddng sdm (cai bap, su hao, hanh tay) de tranh bj ep gia khi khan gidng ...
- Cac Cdng ty gidng chu ddng lien he, chuan bj ngudn gidng theo nhu cau ciia ndng dan va can cir vao ke hoach nay, dam bao dii sd lupng, chat lupng va san sang cung ung cho ndng dan, nha't la khoai tay do ddi hdi lupng gidng Idn va ngudn cung du bao la khd khan.
Ve thdi vu gieo trong:
Liia miia 2011 thu hoach tap trung 5-25/10 (mpi nam 25/9- 10/10), vu ddng tren chan dait 2 vu liia cham khoang 10 ngay so vdi binh thudng, can ap dung bien phap tang bdn kali, thao nudc... de thu hoach sdm liia miia khoang 5 ngay; ap dung bien phap khdng lam da't, lam bau, lam dat tdi thieu, trdng gdi ddi vdi cay ua am; dung gidng ngan ngay; thuc hien "sang liia, chieu cay vu ddng" de dam bao khung thdi vu thich hpp cho tirng loai cay vu ddng.
Tren chan da't bai ngoai de, chan trdng cay rau mau he thu chii ddng uu tien gieo trdng cay ua am, cay vu ddng sdm, trdng cang sdm cang tdt.
+ Cay ngo: Tren dat bai ngoai de, dat thu hoach rau mau he thu can tranh thu nudc riit, thu hoach rau dau khan truang de gieo ngd sdm trudc 20/9.
Ngd tren da't 2 vu liia; Phai lam ngd bau, trdng gdi, gieo hat trudc 25/9, cham nhat 5/10. Vdi ngd nep, ngd ngpt sir dung b^p tuoi la chinh nen thdi gian trdng den thu ngan chi khoang 60 ngay, cd the mudn gieo hon den 10-15/10.
+ Khoai tay: La cay trdng phii hop vdi vu mudn, la cay trdng thich hpp de md rdng dien tich trong vu ddng nam nay, thdi vu keo dai tif 15/10-15/11 nen tap trung trdng
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TAP CHi KHOA HOC, CONG NGHE & MOI TRUONG HAI DUONG So 4 * 8/2011 . 17
KHOA HOC, CONG NGHE VA MOI TRUONG
sdc ca phai tuan thii diing quy trinh ky thuat tif mdi trudng sd'ng (nude ao sach, khdng ban, khdng bj d nhiem) den khau thirc an, cho ca an cung phai theo diing thdi gian quy djnh, phai thudng xuyen theo ddi qua trinh sinh trudng ciia dan ca de phat hien nhung benh thudng gap ma dua ra nhifng bien phap phdng benh kjp thdi. Khi thu hoach xong ca, can thao nudc sach ao, rac vdi bdt tif 15-20 ngay thi mdi dupe bit dau nudi lifa ca tiep theo.
Gia dinh dng vdi md hinh nudi ca gidng la dja chi tin cay eua ba con ndng dan khap noi trong huyen, tinh va mdt sd tinh ngoai nhu: Ha Ndi, Hung Yen cung tim
den mua. Ca thjt thudng thu hoach vao thang 3, thang 11, thi trudng chii yeu la cac tu thuang trong huyen den mua.
Trai qua hon 10 nam lam nghe nudi ca gidng, dng Thiet da tich luy dupc nhieu kien thifc va kinh nghiem quy trong viec nudi ca.
Vdi vdn ky thuat va kinh nghiem ay, dng khdng ehi lam giau cho gia dinh minh, ma cdn giup dd cac hd ndng dan trong xa, trong huyen va cac noi khac den hpc hdi kinh nghiem nudi ca cung nhu cung cap gidng ca td't cho ba con ndng dan. Da ed rat nhieu ca nhan va tap the den tham quan hpc hdi md hinh ciia gia dinh dng.
Ong Pham Van Tinh, Chi cue
trudng Chi cue Thuy San Hai Duong cho biet; Dd'i vdi viec nudi ca gidng dieu quan trpng la nam vung ky thuat mdi eho hieu qua cao. Khi ndi ve cac md hinh nudi ca thanh cdng, dng Tinh danh gia md hinh nudi ea gidng tai hd gia dinh dng Pham Quang Thiet la mdt trong nhung md hinh ndi bat trong tinh ve ifng dung tien bd khoa hpc, lam giau tif nghe nudi ca.
Tif thuc te tim hieu md hinh nudi ea cd hieu qua kinh te cao, chiing tdi khuyen cao ba eon ed nhu cau mua ca gidng va hpc hdi kinh nghiem nudi ca lien he vdi dng Pham Quang Thiet, dien thoai; 0915271571 •
Djnh huOTig...
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tren dien tich thu hoach liia miia trung de cho nang sua't cao va giam ap luc ve dat dai, thdi vu. Can hudng dan ndng dan binh tinh, trdng diing thdi vu (khdng trdng qua sdm) de dam bao nang suat va hieu qua san xuat.
-I- Rau dau can chi dao tang vu ddng sdm nen trdng, rai vu de tranh khiing hoang thifa liic chinh vu lam giam hieu qua kinh te.
- Cac cay trdng khac cd co cau gidng va Ijch thdi vu kem theo ke hoach nay.
Ve cac bien phap ky thuat khac:
- Md rdng ky thuat lam bau, trdng gdi, trdng khdng lam dat, lam dat tdi thieu cho cay ua am ngd, bi, dua, dau tuong.,.. de dam bao thdi vu va giam cdng lao ddng.
Odi vdi cay ngd: 100% dien tich
ngd tren dat liia phai lam bau trudc khi trdng tif 7-10 ngay theo kich thudc bau tif 7-10 cm, bau phai dupc trdn lan, phan chudng hoai muc de keo dai thdi gian sinh trudng td't tren bau. Ngd lam bau khi trdng can dam bao mat dp (1.800 cay/sao trd len), dieu chinh hudng la de phat huy uu the eiia cdng nghe nay.
- Chu ddng lien he, hpp ddng sdm, huy ddng, tan dung sire keo, may phay da't de lam dat nhanh phuc vu cho gieo trdng kjp thdi vu.
- Chuan bj, kiem tra, chii ddng tudi, tieu nudc de dap ifng nhu cau ciia cay trdng, de cd phupng an tieu thoat nudc dau vu va tru nudc tudi trong thdi diem khd hanh.
- Tang cudng dau tu phan bdn, bdn dii lupng, can dd'i NPK (nha't la kali) de nang cao chat lupng san pha'm, Khuyen khich sir dung phan huu CO, phan hdn hpp NPK, phan vi sinh, phan qua la, thudc tru sau
sinh hpc... de nang cao nang suat, chat lupng va an toan ve sinh thuc pham cay vu ddng.
- Dd'i vdi cay khoai tay: Can chii ddng chuan bj phan chudng u muc, da't bdt, nguyen lieu de ap dung bien phap cat cii (vdi bdt, xi mang), xir ly cii gidng trudc khi trdng (bang cac chat khir triing va kich thich) de han che mam benh va nang cao chat lupng gidng), de nghj cae don vj cung ifng gidng chuan bj vat tu va cdng nghe kem theo, hudng dan ndng dan xir ly eu gidng.
Vu ddng la vu san xuat chinh, mang lai hieu qua cao va tang thu nhap cho ndng dan, vdi su quan tam chi dao va chinh sach hd trp eiia tinh, su quyet tam trien khai thuc hien ciia nganh ndng nghiep, ciia cac dja phuang va ciia ba con ndng dan, tinh ta se thue hien thing loi ke hoach san xuat vu ddng 2011-2012«
30> TAP CHi KHOA HOC, CONG NGHE & MOI TRUONG HAI DUONG So 4 * 8/2011
