dung mang than kinh nhan tao

359

Tuyen tap cdng trinh Hdi nghi Cffhgc todn qudc Ky niem 30 ndm Vien Cff hge vd 30 nam Tgp chi Cff hoc Hd Ndi, ngiiy 8-9/4/2009

Su' dung mang than kinh nhan tao clio bai toan toi uu phan bo luu luong cac gieng bom ep nuoc va khai thac dau

Nguyen The D u e , P h a n Ngoc T r u n g Viin Ddu khi Viet Nam

Tom tat: Hieu qud ciia phicang phdp khai thdc ddu bdng bam ep nude nhdm duy tri dp sudt phu thude nhieu vdo viec dieu chinh lini liegng cdc gieng bo'm ep vd cdc gieng khai thdc ddu. Bdo cdo trinh bdy nguyen ly dp dung mgng thdn kinh nhdn tgo (Artificigl Neural Network-ANN) kit hgp vdi cdng cu md phdng via cho bdi todn tdi icii heu lugng cdc gieng bom ep nicdc de duy tri dp sudt via cho phep khai thdc ddu.vdi do ngap nicdcthdp nhdt cd the. Kit qud thic nghiem cua phuang phdp cho mgt md vi du dicgc trinh bdy. Nhicng leu diim vd nhicgc diem ciia phicang phdp sic dung mgng thdn kinh nhdn tgo cung dugc phdn tich dua tren ca sd ly thuyet vd kit qud thic nghiem.

1. D a t v a n de

Phuong phap khai thac dau bang bom ep nude nham duy tri ap suat dugc ap dimg rdng rai tren the gidi. Phuong phap nay eung dang dugc sir dung nhu la ky thuat khai thac chii dao eho md dau khi eiia Viet Nam. Hieu qua eiia ky thuat nay ro rang phu thuoc vao viec dieu chinh luu lugng cac gieng khai thac va bom ep hgp ly.

Ddi vdi mdi md (via) dau khai thac deu dupe xay dirng md hinh md phdng dua tren dd cae phuong an phuong an khai thac dau va eae phuong an bom ep (neu cd) dupe tinh toan va xem xet. Cach lam thdng thirdng la thir nghiem cae luu lugng gieng khac nhau sao cho dat dugc muc tieu: giam lugng nude bom ep, tang lugng dau khai thac hay giam mire dp ngap nude. Tuy nhien, each lam 'thir va phat hien ldi' ('trial and error') nay khd ed the tiem can den phuong an thuc su tdi uu theo nghTa nao dd vi sd phuong an ed the tao nen tir to hgp thay doi luu lugng cac giing la vd ciing Idn, dac biet la ddi vdi nhung md ed nhieu gieng bom ep va khai thac. Mot vi du don gian la vdi mdt md cd 20 gieng, neu mdi gieng ta chi cho luu lugng thay doi mpt trong 2 gia trj thi so phuong an cd the tao dugc da la 2 tire xap xi mdt trieu.

Nhugc diim cua each lani 'thu va phat hien ldi' da thue day sir phat trien cua nhung nghien CU'U su dung cac phirong phap toan hoc trong bai toan tdi uu phan bd luu lugng gieng bom ep va khai thac. Cach lam thdng thudng nhat la sir dung cac thuat toan tdi uu boa true tilp eho ham xac dinh qua md hinh md phdng md. Ban chat eiia each lam la lua ehpn mdt mue tieu phii hgp (vi du lugng diu thu dugc hay dp ngap nude san pham) va eae bien dieu khien (luu lugng chit luu cac giing hoac luu lugng diu giing khai thac va luu lugng nude giing bom ep) va giai bai toan tim circ trj cua ham muc tieu:

Q = Q(X):X&^<ZR" (1)

360 Nguyin Thi Diec, Phan Nggc Trung

trong dd:

- Gia trj muc tieu Q la dai lugng can giam thieu (vf du do ngap nude) X = {X^,X^,...,X„ Y eQczR"; Xj la luu lugng ciia giing thii' / Q xac dinh tii' cae dieu kien ap dat len luu lugng gieng

Ham Q[X) dugc xac djnh bdi mo binh md phdng via.

Cach lam nay da dugc nghien ciru rpng rai tren the gidi (vi du xem [l]-[5]) va gan day a Viet Nam (vi du xem [6]-[7]). NhQng ket qua tdi uu hda nhan dupe da chirng to hieu qua cua each lam. Tuy nhien, each sir dung cae phuong phap tdi uu hda true tiep nay khdng de dang thfch li'ng vdi sir thay doi dieu kien ap dat. Cu the la neu luu lugng mdt vai gieng nao khong thi dieu khien ve luu lugng toi uu da nhan dugc, bai toan tdi uu phai giai lai hoan toan tii' dau. Do mpi thuat toan tdi uu deu ddi hdi mpt sd lan gpi ham kha Idn ma mdi lan gpi ham tuong duong vdi mdt lan chay md binh md phdng via, viec phai giai lai bai toan tdi uu tii' dau khi moi lan xuat hien nhung dieu kien ap dat mdi do thuc te la mdt trong nhung yeu diem Idn eiia each lam nay.

Ndi dung bao cao d day trinh bay nhii'ng ket qua budc dau trong cdng viec eiia chiing toi nham thu nghiem mpt each lam khac co the khac phuc nhugc diem ndi tren ciia phuo'ng phap sir dung true tiep cae thuat toan toi uu boa: do la sii' dung mang than kinh nhan tao (Artificial Neutral Network-ANN).

2. M a n g than kinh nhan tao

Mang than kinh nhan tao dugc xem la mpt each thirc tinh toan mdi ma dang dugc sii' dung thanh cdng trong rat nhieu ITnh vuc, nganh nhu tai ehfnh, dugc phim, cdng nghe, dja chat va vat ly. Mang than kinh nhan tao, gidng nhu con ngudi, hpc hdi qua eae vf dii. Chiing sir dung cac tham sd vao-ra trong qua trinh huan luyen (training) d l nhan thirc cac quan he. Sau khi dupe dao tao thanh cong, mang cd thi dugc su' dung dl tinh toan gia trj ciia eae biin ra irng vdi cac gia tri dau vao tuong tu nhung khong nhit thiit gidng vdi nhirng gia trj da sir dung trong qua trinh dao tao. Vdi kha nang nhan biet nhung mii lien he phirc hgp, mang thin kinh nhan tao dang duge nghien ciru su' dung ebo mpt loat cac bai toan phirc tap trong cdng nghiep diu khi (xem [8]). Nhung ap dung ciia mang than kinh nhan tao pho biin nhit la d l xac djnh cae thong sd via (vf du xem [8]-[9]) va dl tii uu mpt boat ddng khai thac nao do (vi du xem [10]-[l 1]). Dir lieu dao tao sir dung trong nhung bai toan cung rit da dang: tir sd lieu thi nghiem, so lieu do dac mo trong qua khii', du lieu tir mo phdng via hoac td hgp eiia chirng.

Mpt mang than kinh nhan tao dac trung bao gdm mpt Idp vao, mdt Idp ra va mpt s6 eae Idp an d giua. Trong nhung dang mang thin kinh nhan tao khac nhau, mang thin kinh nhan tao dan xuoi (Feed-forward Artificial Neural Network) dugc dao tao vdi thuat toan truyin ngugc (back- propagation algorithm) chae chin la dang mang dugc su' dung nhilu nhit hien nay.

Sie dung mgng thdn kinh nhdn tgo cho bdi todn tdi iiv phdn bo lim lugng cdc giing bom ep medc vd khai thdc ddu

2.1. Miing thdn kinh nhdn tiio ddn xuoi Dau vao

Dau vao

361

Dau vao Dau vao

Dau ra Ldp an

T>dp vao

Hinh 1. Luge do mpt mang than kinh nhan tao vdi 3 ldp

Mang than kinh dan xudi (mdt chieu) dupe xap xep thanh nhieu ldp nhu thay tren hinh 1 bao gom nidt ldp vao, mdt ldp ra va mgt hay nhieu ldp an. Mdi Idp chira mdt so mit (con dupe gpi la no ron). Cae no ron trong mdi ldp an va ldp ra dugc dac trung bdi mot ma tran trgng so W , mpt vec to dp lech p , mdt vec to vao £ va mot vee to ra o . Mdi niit trong cac ldp bien an va ldp ra thirc hien lay tdng cae gia trj vao eiia no nhan vdi trpng sd tuong irng, them hang sd dp lech tuong ii'ng va sau dd gia trj ra tai mit nay dugc tfnh bang ap mdt bam ehpn trude (dugc gpi la ham chuyen dang) cho gia trj nhan dupe. Theo each nay cac gia trj vao di qua he thdng mang va chuyen thanh eae gia trj ra. Cae gia tri trj ra sau do dupe so sanh vdi cac gia trj mong muon de dieu chinh cae trpng sd va dp lech. Vdi mang 3 Idp nhu hinh 1, eae gia tri ra khdi mang ed the dugc bieu dien qua cac gia trj vao mang bdi bieu thuc sau:

/ ⁿ

nh f ni

k = \ / = 1

vdi j = \,...,no (2)

fJ

trong do y la vec to eiia cac bien ra, x la vee ta eiia eae bien vao, eae chi sd tren o chi ldp ra, ehi s6 tren h chi ldp an, no la sd bien ra, nh la sd niit an, ni la sd gia trj vao va f ehi ham chuyin dang. Hai dang ham chuyen dang thdng diing nhat la ham dong nhat

f{x) = x (3) va ham xich ma

/W =

_{\ + e'} 1 ⁽⁴⁾

Quan trpng nhit trong viec xay dung mpt mang than kinh nhan tao la qua trinh huin luyen, trong do mang hpc tir cac bd sd lieu dau vao (tin hieu) va dau ra (phan xa) da co. Thuat toan sir diin<J trong qua trinh huin luyen thirdng diing nhat dugc ggi la thuat toan truyin ngugc.

362 Nguyin Thi Diec, Phan Nggc Trung

2.2. Thuc'it todn truyen ngugc

Thuat toan truyen ngugc duo'c phat trien de dao tao cae mang than kinh nhan tao nhilu ldp vdi mue dich giam thilu sai s i giua gia trj ra (kit qua) cua mang vdi gia trj ra mong muon. Cu thi la tii thilu ham muc tieu dac trung cho sir sai khac giua giua gia tri ra o cua mang va gia trj dung y

•/ = ( y - o y ( y - o ) (5) Vdi luu y ring vec to o va do do / se phu thude vao cac gia trj trgng sd va dp lech eua tat

ea cae nut trong ldp bien, thuat toan dp doc Idn nhat se cho ta cae cdng thue lap sau de hieu chinh cac trpng so va dp lech:

< ( ^ + l) = < W - C ^ (6)

CfWy

pj{k^\)=P";{k)-^jL (V)

trong do k chi budc lap, m la chi so ldp trong mang than kinh nhan tao va ^ la tdc dp dao tao.

Sir dung luat xich, dao ham cua sai sd chuan vdi cac trpng sd va dp lech trong cong thiic (6) va (7) duge tfnh toan nhu sau:

dJ__dj_ds^ „,ds";

^"1 J_ (OS.

sv.; dsj d^v;; ^ dM,^

dJ dJ ds"; „, ds

' - < ^ (9)

df}"; ds"; dp"; •' dp''

vdi ky hieu dp nhay ciia J u'ng vdi sir thay dii ciia gia vao cua ldp m la s'J Do eae gia trj vao mdt Idp m la ham eua cac trpng so va dp lech trong ldp dd:

< ' = I « - ' - f - > ^ ' (10) nen thira s6 thir hai trong v l phai phuong trinh (8) va (9) nhan dugc nhu sau:

ds";

-^-or' (11)

_dw;;

ds";

Jp;

⁽¹²⁾

Sir dung cae phuong trinh (8), (9), (11) va (12), cae phuong trinh (6) va (7) duge vilt lai nhu sau:

Sie dung mgng thdn kinh nhdn tgo cho bdi todn tdi iniphdn bd lini lugng cdc giing bam ep medc vd khai thdc ddu

P";{k+\)=p';(k)-is;

hay dudi dang ma tran la W"'(^ + l)=W"'(/t)-<s"'o P " ' ( ^ + 1 ) = P'"(A:)-<S"'

trong do

m-\

dJ ds"'

dJ dJ dJ ds'l' ds'' ds"

363

(13) (14)

(15) (16)

(17)

vdi k'" la sd gia tri dau vao mdi nut tai ldp m (bang sd nut eiia ldp m -1). Vec to dp nhay tren ed the tinh toan theo cdng thirc lan truyen ngirge tire la vee to do nhay tai Idp m eo the tinh duge til' vee to dp nhay tai ldp /w + 1. De nhan dupe cdng tbirc nay, xem xet ma tran Jacobian:

5£"

dz"

ds ^i»+i ds. ^{m + l} ds, ^{m + l} ds'l ^ds';

ds'' ds"

ds;.

ds'-l'

ds'; ds'!; ds'!

ds: ^{,m + ]} ds: ^{m + \} ds: ^.m+]

ds'; ds!;' ^ds';

(18)

Phan tir {i,j) eua ma tran tren ed the dupe bieu dien nhu sau:

ds"

ds",

W/, o, +Pi V i

ds'" " ds"; "

.ir-fe")

ds",

r'/'"(<')

⁽¹⁹⁾

• / i 5 / " ' ( < ) trong do / [Sj )=

ds''

hay ma tran Jacobian (18) trd thanh ds

ds"

trong do

m + l

.= W" 'f{E"') (20)

364 Nguyin Thi Diec. Phan Nggc Trung

,f{s'") =

rk') 0 ,

0 ,/"'k')

0 0

rfc")

(21)

Sii' dung luat xich cua dao ham, cdng thire lien he giua eae vec to do nhay tai cac ldp bien khac nhau co thi nhan duge nhu sau:

dJ

ds'" ds"'

dJ

dz

^=r(s'")(w"-0''T^=rk)(w"-'/•«'""

_dz

m

Do vay cac dp nhay sai s6 eo thi dupe tfnh nguge qua mang tir ldp cudi cimg tdi Idp dau tien. Tai ldp culi eiing / , dp nhay sai sd dupe tinh bang:

, dJ

f

a((y-oy(y-o)) ^[ZU-'^-)'

ds' ds'

- ^ < - ° ' ) | f - ^ ( > - ) ^

⁽²³⁾

= -2{y.-o,)f(s\) hay dudi dang ina tran

s ' = - 2 f ( s ' ) ( y - o ) ⁽²⁴⁾

Tong ket lai, phuong phap truyen ngupc sii' dung trong dao tao mang than kinh nhan tao nhieu Idp gom nhung budc sau: (1) Truyen dan thong tin vao qua mang tii' ldp thir nhat (vao) tdi ldp cuoi cimg. (xem muc 2.1); (2) Tfnh toan vee to sai sd va vee to dp nhay (cdng thire (23)- (24)); (3) Truyen vee dp dp nhay tir ldp cuoi ngupc trd lai (cdng thire (22)) va dong thdi hieu chinh cae trpng so va dp lech ciia cac nut trong tii'ng ldp (cdng thire (13)-(16)).

Mpt tap hgp cac bd so lieu tuong tir (training data) can dugc su dung trong qua trinh dao tao mang. Moi bd so lieu chira cac thong tin vao (tin hieu) va thong tin ra tuong irng. Trong moi chu trinh dao tao, thuat toan su' dung lin lugt tit ea cac bd sd lieu trong tap hgp du lieu dao tao.

Nhieu chu trinh dao tao co thi thue hien tren eiing mpt tap hgp du lieu dao tao. Thdng thudng, sau moi chu trinh dao tao, ngudi ta sir dung mgt tap hgp bd so lieu khac (verifying data) de kiem tra sai so va qua trinh dao tao se kit thiie nlu sai so khong giam nua.

3. Ket qua thii' nghiem

Thu' nghiem phuang phap dimg mang thin kinh nhan tao dupe thirc hien eho mdt via vf du.

De thuan tien cho so saeb vdi cac phuang phap toi uu true tilp, md hinh via vf du d day hoan toan giing nhu da diing trong tai lieu tham khao [6]. Kfch tbude via bing 450 x 450 x 10 nr' duge mo hinh hda vdi 45 x 45 x 1 d ludi. Cac chit luu trong via la diu va nude, vdi cac gia trj

Sic dung mgng thdn kinh nhdn tgo cho bdi todn toi ini phdn bo lini lugng 365 cdc giing bam ep medc vd khai thdc ddu

lien quan den dac tinh ciia chat luu nhu dp nhot, sire cang be mat,y.v...dii'p'c liy theo mpt tep vf Au mail mxsino009.dat eiia phin mlm IMEX (Computer Modeling Group-CMG, 1998). Phan bd do rdng trong toan md dugc eho la ddng nhit vdi gia tri dp rdng tai mpi diim O = 0.2 . Phan bd dp tham dupe gia sir la khdng dong nhit nhu md ta tren Hinh 2.

Hinh 2. Phan bd trudng dp tham va vj tri eae gieng eiia via

Md dupe gia sir boat ddng vdi chin gieng bom ep (Oil den 091) va bdn gieng khai thac (OIP den 04P) vdi vi trf cac gieng eiing dupe ehi ra tren hinh 2. Tdng lugng chat luu khai thac duge gia sir la do yeu cau san xuat phai bang 111 m^/ngdy (met khdi trong mdt ngay dem).

Tong lugng nude bom ep eung duge gia su' phai dat tdi mdt gia trj nao do do yeu eau giu ap suat via (vf dii d day cung cho bang 111 m^ I ngdy vdi gia thiet md ndng nen anh hudng sir khac nhau ciia dp nen luu the dau va nude la khdng dang ke). Cung gia thiet rang che dp lam viec chua tdi uu (che dp tham khao) tuo'ng ung vdi mpt che dp ma khdi lugng khai thac va khoi luong bom ep dupe chia deu eho cac gieng. Bai toan dupe dat ra la: Gia su mo da boat ddng dugc mpt nam, hay xac dinh lai luu lugng lam viec hgp ly eiia eae gieng trong nam tiep theo sao cho do ngap nude san pham dau khai thac cuoi ky la it nhat.

Budc diu tien d l giai quyet bai toan la xay dung i-agtmang than kinh nhan tao vdi dau vao la 13 gia trj luu lugng lam viec eiia cac gieng va dau ra la gia trj phan tram nude san pham cudi ky. c i u triic mang dugc lua ehpn trong thir nghiem nay gom 3 ldp: Idp vao co 13 mit, ldp giua (ldp an) cd 7 nut va Idp ra ed 1 mit.

Tap hgp du lieu dao tao va kiem djnh mang nhan duge tir ket qua mo hinh md phdng via.

Phin mlm IMEX dugc su' dung trong md phong d day. D l xay dung nhung du lieu nay, 130 lan md phdng so duge thuc hien vdi cae gia tri luu lugng lam viec gieng bien doi ngiu nhien va muc dp ngap nude cuoi ky ung vdi mdi lan md phong duge trfeh xuat. Ket qua nhan dugc la 130 bp so lieu vdi mdi bd sd lieu ehii'a 13 gia tri vao va 1 gia tri ra tuong irng. Trong 130 bd so lieu, chimg tdi sir dung 100 bd so lieu lam so lieu dao tao va giir lai 30 bd so lieu (ehpn ngiu

366 Nguyin Thi Diec, Phan Nggc Trung

nhien) lam so lieu kilin dinh xac dinh dilu kien dirng khi sai sd khdng giam nua. Sau khi mang thin kinh nhan tao da nhan dupe, thuat toan xip xi ngiu nhien xao trdn ddng thdi vdi gia thiit cac gia tri luu lugng giing duge gia thiit tfnh tron don vi (^n? ) dupe su dung de nhan dupe Idi giai tdi uu. Phan bd luu lugng toi uu dugc thiy tren bang 1 eiing vdi phan bd luu lugng cu (chi dp tham khao). Bang 1 eho thiy su khac nhau khong dang kl v l luu lugng lam viec cae giing khai thac d chi dp tdi uu hda so vdi ehi dp tham khao. Trong khi dd, sir khac biet vl luu lugng ciia cae gieng bom ep la Idn hon.

Bang 1. Phan b l luu lugng cac giing d che dp tham khao va che dp tdi uu hda Ten gieng

'OIP' '02P' '03P' '04P' 'Oil' '021' '031' '041' '051' '061' '071' '081' '091'

San lugng khai thac hay luu lugng bom ep (mVday) Che dp tham khao

27.75 27.75 27.75 27.75 12.33 12.33 12-.33 12.33 12.33 12.33 12.33 12.33 12.33

Che dp tdi uu 28.00 27.00 30.00 26.00 8.00 8.00 9.00 9.00 24.00 13.00 11.00 10.00 19.00

Sir khac nhau ve gia trj ham mue tieu (mire dp ngap nude) giua chi dp toi uu hda va che do tham khao eo the dugc thiy trong Hinh 3. Tir Hinh 3, cd thi thiy duac sir cai thien ro ret vl mire dp ngap nude: inii'c dp ngap nude cuoi ky eua chi dp tham khao gin 12%, trong khi chi cdn khoang hon 6% trong ehi dp tii uu hda.

Sie dung mgng thdn kinh nhcin tgo cho bdi todn tdi leuphdn bo lint lugng cdc giing bom ep nude vd khcn thcic ddu

367

12,0

365 438 511 584

Thoi gian (ngay)

657 730

-Che do toi uu hoa -Che do tham khao

Hinh 3. Bien thien muc dp ngap nude theo thdi gian tuong irng vdi che dp toi uu hoa va che dp tham khao

Vdi mdt tdng lugng chat luu khai thac khdng doi cho toan md, viec giam iniie dp ngap nude ddng nghTa vdi viec tang lugng dau khai thac. Cac Hinh 4 va Hinh 5 eho thiy bilu dd theo thdi gian eiia tdng luu lugng dau khai thac va tdng luu lugng nude trong san pham. Tir cac hinh 4 va 5 cd the thay dugc su tang luu lupng dau va su giam luu lugng nude san pham trong hau het eae thdi diem trong thdi gian tdi uu, dac biet ve cudi thdi ky tdi uu hda, khi ma che do lam viec tdi uu hda bat dau phat huy tae dung.

115.0

E 110.0

105.0

100.0

95.0

^. -^; _{:\ \}

N.

N • v .

>»

s

^ >. _{v .}

V

•^

^ • V [

365 438 511 584

Thoi gian (ngay) Che do toi uu hoa Che do tham khao

657 730

Hinh 4. Biin thien tdng luu lugng dau khai thac theo thdi gian tuong irng vdi che dd tdi uu hda va che dd tham khao

368 Nguyin Thi Dire, Phan Nggc Trung

14,0

511 584 Thoi gian (ngay)

730

-Clie do toi uu ''• Che do tham khao i

Hinh 5. Bien thien tong luu lugng nude trong san pham theo thdi gian tuong irng vdi che do tdi uu hda va che dp quy chieu

4. So sanh phuong phap sii' dung A N N voi p h u o n g phap sir dung cac thuat toan toi uu true tiep

Ket qua thir nghiem md ta tren eho thay hieu qua eua phuong phap su' dung ANN. Ban chat eua phuong phap sir dung ANN la khdng thuc hien ap dung cac thuat toan tdi uu boa trirc tiep len ham Q = Q\X] xac djnh bdimd hinh via trong phuong trinh (1) ma xay dung mpt mang than kinh nhan tao dupe huan luyen de nhan eae tin hieu vao X - {X^,X2,...,X„)' (luu lupng gieng) va cho tin hieu ra Q (miic dp ngap nude).

Tham khao tai lieu [6], trong do phuong phap true tilp vdi 7 thuat toan toi uu hda khac nhau duge ap dung ebo cimg mdt bai toan vdi ciing mpt sd lan gpi ham cho thay phuong phap sir dung ANN cho hieu qua tuong duong: cu thi la gia trj ham tdi uu bing 6.29% nhan dupe vdi phuong phap sir dung ANN trong khi nim trong khoang 5.31%) tdi 10.78% tiiy theo phirong phap toi uu true tilp khac nhau. So sanh dinh lugng ndi tren cho thiy phuong phap sir dung ANN CO the dimg trong viec giai quyet cae bai toan toi uu luu lugng bom ep va khai thac thay the cho cae phuong phap toi uu true tilp. Mae dii tdc do thu nhd ham muc tieu khi sii dung ANN CO ve chain hon mdt mpt ehiit so vdi vai phuang phap tdi uu trirc tilp, nhung co thi thay 6uac:

Sir dung ANN thich hgp hon trong trudng hgp cd qua nhieu dilu kien ap dat len luu lupng lam viec eiia eae giing lam eho miln xac djnh cua ham (1) khong lien tuc va do do eo the lam mdt s i phirong phap toi uu true tilp khong hpi tu.

Trong thue te ludn luon xuat hien nhung dilu kien ap dat mdi eho chi dp lam viec gieng lam ldi giai tdi uu cu khong cdn thich hgp. Trong trudng hgp do, cd thi nhanh chdng sir dung ANN da CO de nhan dupe Idi giai mdi trong khi phai lam lai tii' diu nlu sir dung true tilp cae thuat toan toi uu.

Sie dung mgng thdn kinh nhdn tgo cho bdi todn tdi mi phdn bd heu lugng 369 cdc giing bom ep nude vd khai thdc ddu

5. K e t l u a n

Mdt h u d n g giai quyet bai toan tdi uu phan bd luu lugng gieng b o m ep va gieng khai thac sir diing A N N ket h g p vdi cdng cu md phdng via da dugc nghien ciru. Thir nghiem p h u o n g phap cho mdt via vi du cho thay h u d n g sir dung ANN nhan dupe nhiing k i t qua tuong d u o n g vdi viec sir dung true tiep cae thuat toan tdi uu. Trong khi dd, nguyen ly eiia p h u o n g phap sir dung A N N lam cho nd de dang hon trong viec dap irng eae dieu kien thue te phire tap. Ket qua nghien ciru budc dau nay eho thay kha nang sir dung A N N vao thuc t l tinh toan t h i i t k l khai thac md d i u khi.

L o i c a m o n

Cong trinh d u g c hoan thanh vdi su tai trg ciia Quy phat trien khoa hpc va cdng nghe qudc gia.

T a i lieu t h a m k h a o

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[2] Virnovsky, G. A. (1991). "Water Flooding Stratery Design Using Optimal Control Theory", Proceeding of the 6-th European Symposium on Improved Oil Recovery, Stavanger, Norway, pp.

437-446.

[3] Sudaryanto, B.; Yortos, Y. C. (2000). "Optimization of Fluid Front Dynamics in Porous Media using Rate Control. 1 Equal Mobility Fluids". Physics of Fluid, Vol. 12, pp. 1656-1670.

[4] Sudaryanto, B., Yortos, Y. C. (2001). "Optimization of Displacement in Porous Media Using Rates Control". SPE paper 71509, Society of Petroleum Engineers.

[5] Dolle, N. ,Brouwer; D.R. and Jansen, J.D. (2002). "Dynamic Optimization of Water Flooding with Multiple Injectors and Producers using Optimal Control Theory" 16th International Conference on Computational Methods in Water Resoiirse, Delft, 2002.

[6] Nguyin Thi Dire, Duong Ngoc Hai, Nguyin Minh Toan, Nguyen Van IJt (2007). "Danh gia hieu qua ciia mot s6 thuat toan t i i uu truySn thing cho bai toan toi uu phan bo luu lirgng bom ep nuoc va khai thac diu'' Tuyin tap cdng trinh Hdi nghi khoa hoc Ca hoc Thiiy khi todn quoc ndm 2007, Hue, 26-28/7/2007, pp. 111-125.

[7] Nguyin Thi Dire, Duong, Ngoc Hai, Nguyin Minh Toan, Hoang Van Quy (2008). "Ap dung thuat toan tii uu trong xac dinh luu lugng ho'p ly cac giing khai thac va bam ep" Tuyin tap bdo cdo Hdi nghi KHCN "Viin Dau khi Viet Nam: 30 ndm hdi nhap vd phdt triin", NXB Klioa hoc va Ky thuat, HaNoi, 2008, pp. 844-849.

[8] Aminzadeh, F.-(2005). "Applicadons of AI and soft computing for challenging problems in the oil industry". Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering, Vol. 47, 2005, pp. 5 - 1 4 .

[9] Lim J. S. (2005). "Reservoir properties determination using fuzzy logic and neural networks from well data in offshore Korea". Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering, Vol. 49, pp. 182- 192.

[10] Aminian K.; Ameri S. (2005). "Application of artificial neural networks for reservoir characterization with limited data". Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering, Vol. 49, pp.

2 1 2 - 2 2 2 .

[ I I ] Nikravesh M. et al. (1996), "Neural Networks for Field-Wise Waterflood Management in Low Permeability Fractured Oil Reservoir". SPE 35721.

[12] Mohaghegh S.'D. (2005), "A new methodology for identification of best practices in the oil gas industry, using intelligent system". Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering, Vol. 49, pp. 2 3 9 - 260.