NGHlfeN cau-TRAO o d i
GIAI PHAP CHO DOANH NGHIEP VIET NAM PHAT TRIEN BEN V O N G KHI THAM GIA AEC
ThS. NGUYEN ANH MINH *
Cudi nim 2015, Cdngddngkmb tg ASEAN (AEQ chfnh tiiuc dugc thdnh lip vdi mgc tidu binh tiiinhmgtkhu vuckmb tSASEAN dn dinh, tbinb vutfngvi edkbiningcanb tranh cao. Tign trinh bgi nhip khu vtfcdd dang tao ra nhigu ca hgi song cdng cd khdng ft nhung tbichthiicddivdicdngddngdoanbn^gpciaVigtNain. VigcchirdnhOngeahOi, thich tbOe vi dinh gii ding vg thgm^nb cung nhu digm ygu cia dc doanh nghigp Vigt Nam bign nayli vigc lim dn thigt, ddtudded nhimg giii phip tbfeb hgp cho dc doanh n^iigp phit triSn vOngvinghrm tronghinb trinb canh tranh diy khde ligt niy.
1. Ca hfii vd thdeh thdc cda cic doanh ngMgp Vigt Nam kM gia nhgp AEC
a. Vg cohdi
Tiong giai doan 2002 - 2013, nhip dp tang tnidng xuit khau trang binh cua Viet Nam sang ASEAN dat 28,4%/nam vd nhdp khiu dat 27%/ndm. AEC dupc thdnh lap cung dfing nghia vdi vigc tao la mdt thi tradng don nhat khai thdc duoc tdi da cac higp dinh thuong mai tu do (FTA) mang lai, thug sudt luu thdng hdng hda gifla cdc nudc tiong khu viic duoc cdt gidm dan ve 0%. Digu ndy kMgn doanh nghigp Vigt Nam, nhit la doanh nghigp vua va nhd khdng tile chi bfi hep tdm nhm ttong tinh, thdnh phff hay ttong pham vi qudc gia md cdn phdi md tfing hon tdi todn ciu. Die bigt doanh nghigp Vigt Nam se cd thi tiudng Idng Idn ban, cd didu Men giam chi phi, ha gii tiidnh hdng xuit khau, gdp phdn gia tdng ndng luc canh tianh.
Viec xdy dung mfit ASEAN thfing nhit cdn giup cdc nhd ddu tu Idn nhin ASEAN nhu mfit sdn choi chung, d dd cd khoi nguon Itic thfing nhat ddc Met Id ngufin nhdn \\fc cd ky ndng vdi gid cdn tuong ddi id. Mdt khdc, ACE gidp doanh ngMgp Viet Nam cdi thign mdi tradng kinh doanh tu thd tuc hdi quan, thu toe hdnh chinh, cung nhu giup cho qui trinh chuygn giao cong nghg didn la nhanh hon.
b. Vd thich thac
Do chgnh lech ve trinh dfi phdt tridn gifla Vigt Nam vd ASEAN ngn nliin ehung sdc ep eanh ttanh ddi vdi cdc doanh ngMep Viet Nam ngdy cdng gia tdng. Dgc bigt, nghigm ttpng han khi phan ddng cdc doanh nghigp Vigt Nam d quy md viia va nhd, ndng luc canh ttanh ban chd, nguygn vdt ligu, phu tung chd ygu nhip khiu td cdc nudc ttong khu vuc. Cdc doaiih ngMgp
* Trirdng B?i hoc Cdng nghlfp Ha N§i TAP CHf Q U A N LY N H A NUdC - Sd 242 (3/2016)
NGHliN cau-TRAO o d i se phdi dd bd tdi khodng 97% hdng iao
thue quan ddi vdi hdng hda nfii khdi, toe la khodng 97% hang hda ASEAN qua bign gidi cdc nudc cfi mflc thug nhdp khau bdng 0%. Bgn canh dfi, thud quan cua nhieu mat hang dupc cdt gidm nhtmg rdo cin thuimg mai cfi the bi sigt chat hon, sau cdc Mgp djnh thuong mai lai phdt sinh cic ido cdn thuong mai, bien phap phdng vg thuong mai.
Nhflng dtr dn ddu tu mang tinh tign phong vd cfing nghe hodc quy mfi cfi thd bi giam di do ndng suit lao dpng thdp. Theo To chdc Lao ddng Thg gidi (ILO), ndng sudt lao ddng cua Viet Nam thdp nhdt so vdi cac nudc thdnh vign cua Dign ddn Hpp tdc kinh tg chdu A - Thdi Binh Duong (APEC).
Ngodi la, vdi viec diy manh to do hda thuong mai ngi khdi, hdng ido thug quan vd pM thug quan giiia cdc nudc thdnh vign AEC se dan hi xda bd, san phim xuat khau cda Vigt Nam se phdi ddi mat vdi sii eanh ttanh cua hdng hda to cdc nutic khdc, ddc bigt la hdng nhdp khau to cdc nudc ddi tdc md Vigt Nam da cdng cdc nudc thdnh vign ASEAN ky kdt Higp dinh Thuong mai thiic Men cam kgt gidm thud sudt ddi voi cdc sin pham nhdp khau.
Tiong khi cdn rat nhigu thdeh thdc ke ttgn, bin thdn cdc doanh ngMgp Viet Nam cung cdn nhieu han chg, ttong dd phdi kd ddn nhu:
- Chira tdn dung dupc Igi ich cua inter- net de tdi uu hfia Igi ich dganh ngMep: ndm 2011, cd xdp xi 5% dnanh ngMgp Viet Nam biet sd dimg Intemet Marketing hay chi pM qudng cio tien intemet (chidm khoang 0,5% tffng ngin sich qudng eao)... Didu ndy eho thdy, cdc doanh nghigp Vigt Nam chua quan tdm dgn Intemet Maiketing dd phuong thflc ndy gidp tidt kigm den 90%
cM phi maiketmg.
- Ngdnh cfing nghigp hfi ttp ttong nudc van phu thudc dgn 80% vao nguyen heu nhdp khau vd ty Ig ndi dia hda linh kign cua Viet Nam mdi chi bdng mdt nda so vdi cdc nudc ttong khu vuc.
- Quan Ui doanh ngMep chua dat dugc su chuygn nghiep, cdn ygu kem ttong nhigu mdng. Vg qudn ly tdng ttudng: xdy dtmg muc tieu dita tign dii bdo lac quan, thinh lap qui nhidu cdng ty con, chd ttgng kinh doanh da ngdnh thay vi higu qua, dfii hdi ngudn luc qud Idn so vdi ndng lire huy ddng vdn.
- Cdc doanh ngMgp ttong nudc tMgu sir hen ket hop tdc vdi nhau ddn ddn chua tao dupc sdc canh tianh vd bao vg thi tiudng ttong nuiic.
2. Nhflng thg chg, chlnh sdch dd dugc thvrc Mgn
Trade nhflng khfi khdn vd thach thuc dd, Vigt Nam cung dd ban hdnh nMgu the chd, chinh sach nhim tao thudn Ipi cho ede doanh nghigp tiong nudc vdng vdng hon ttong tidn tiinh hgi nhdp khu vtrc.
Theo cam kdt cdt giam thug cda Vigt Nam ttong Higp dinh Thucmg mai hang hda ASEAN (ATIGA), Vigt Nam se cdt giam thudvg 0% cho tit ca cdc mat hdng tiao ddi ttong ASE/VN (ngoai tm cdc mat hdng ttong danh muc loai tid chung) vdi Id trinh cho hau hdt cdc ddng thud Id ttong ndm 2015 vd 7% dfing thue cfln lai cho tfli ndm 2018. Vd, hai quan dign td Id mdt nfli dung quan ttgng dang dupe thuc hign nhdm Men thuc hoa cac muc tieu tign.Viec thtic hign thd tiic hai quan dien td d Vigt Nam ve co bdn dd dat dupc cdc muc tigu, nhu nil ngdn thdi gian thdng quan vd gidm cdc yeu can vfi cdc gidy td kg khai. Vigt Nam cdng dang xdy dung chuang ttinh "Mdt cda qudc gia"
(Vietnam's National Single Window
TAP CHf Q U A N LY NHA NadC - Sd 242 (3/2016)
B
N G H I E N cau-TRAO o d i
VNSW) nhdm tao thudn Ipi tdi da chp thucmg mai.
Dong thdi, Vigt Nam cflng nfi Mc don gidn hda hg thfing cdc giiy phep, gidy ehiing nhdn, bao gfim giay phep xudt khdu, nhdp khau, gidy chiing nhan xudt xd hdng hda (Ceitilicate of Origm - C/0), giay chdng nhdn ve sinh kidm dich, gidy chdng nhgn an todn thitc phdm thd Mgn qua he thfing eCoSys (he thdng xin cdp C/0 qua mang) cung nhu viec cap phep nhdp khau tu dpng. Nhdm hudng tdi to da hda dich vu, Viet Nam cung d i tidn hanh sda ddi mfit sfi Mat lidn quan, nhu: Luit Diu tu, Luit Thuang mai, Luit Doanh nghigp vd ban hdnh nhidu nghi dinh, vdn bdn hudng ddn cdc Mat ndy.
Mat khdc cflng dd chd ttpng sua doi vd ban hdnh mdi cdc ehinh sdch dd thtrc Mgn cic cam kgt ttong timg nganh cu thd, didn hinh Id ttong cdc ngdnh dich vu phdn phoi, ngdn hdng, bdo Mem, chiing kiiodn, vign thdng dg phd hpp vdi cdc cam kdt tteng hiep dinh khung ASEAN vg dich vu (AFAS) cimg nhu Hiep dmh chung vg thuong mai dich vu (CJATS). Ddi vdi cdc nganh uu tign, gfim: y tg, du lich, logistics, e-ASEAN vd hang khfing. Viet Nam cung dd tudn thu nghigm tdc cdc cam kgt vd tich cue tham gia vdo cdc Mgp dinh Ugn quan. Hign tai, Vigt Nam dupc ddnh gid Id mdt tiong nhiing nudc cd Ludt canh tianh khd todn dign dp dung cho cd ngn kinh tg vd cfi cdc CO quan gidm sdt thuc hign Mat ndy cdng vdi In-dfi-ne-xi-a, Xinh-ga-po vd Thdi Lan...
3. Mfit sff gidi phip cho cdc doanh n ^ g p Vigt Nam
Tha nhat, cae doanh nghigp Viet Nam muffn phdt trien d quffc gia khic thi vigc tMch nghi dupc vod timg dia phuong cua nudc sd tai la lat quan ttpng, dn dd ngn
Mgu dupc phong tuc tap qudn, ndn van hda • cda it nhit mgt ttong 9 nudc ASEAN cdn lai, hgc tip ngdn ngfl, tfi chdc cdc cupc tM tim Mdu vd ASEAN.
Thuhai, can md igng dp bap phd phuc Igi xa hdi, ttong dd cfi ca chg bdo Mdm thdt nghigp tign todn qufic. Bien phdp ndy se gop phin gidm bdt nhflng tdc ddng cua chuydn dich co cdu vd hfi trg ngudi lao dpng chuygn sang lam vigc d cdc ngdnh vdi ndng suit cao hon.
Tha ba, chu ttpng ndng cap trinh dg ngufin nhdn luc Mfin Id ygu cau quan ttpng de cfi thg canh ttanh ducrc vdi cdc doanh nghiep nudc ngodi cd trinh dp phit trien cao hon.
Tha tu, cic hg thfing thucmg Iupng tdp thg mdi cimg dang Id mgt ygu cdu bde tUdt dd tao la mfii tradng kinh doanh ben vung hem. Didu nay gdp phdn bdo dam idng, tdng nang suit lao ddng di kem tign luong cao ban vi didu kign lam vigc tdt hon, ddng thdi ddm bdo mpt thj trudng nfii dia vflng m^nh.
Tbu nam, can eai tMen cfing tie bdo ve nhdm lao dflng di cu va cdc hg thdng phuc vu viec cdng nhdn ky ndng cua hg, dac biet Id d nhflng nganh nghd ma tiong dd cdc Iao ddng vdi ky ndng thip va trang binh chidm ty lg cao, nhu Unh vuc xdy dimgO
Til ligu tbam khio:
1. Ha Van HOL Tham gia Cdng ddng Kinh ti ASEAN va nhdng tic ding ddn thuangmaiqudc td cua Vigt Nam. Truong Dai hpc Kinh tg • D?i hpc Quffc gia Ha Npi.
2. NguySn Due Thanh. Viet Nam va AEC 2015. http://wwvir.diesaigontimes.vn
3. NguySn Quoc Trudng, NguySn The Cuong. Cpng ddng kinh te ASEAN - Cabqi vi thich thuc ddi vdi Viet Nam. https://»rww.
Unkedin.com, ngay 07/11/2015.
TAP CHl Q U A N LY N H A NadC - sd 242 (3/2016)
