GIANG DAY KHUNG PHAN LOAI THAP PHAN DEWEY:
MOT VAI VAN DE LIEN QUAN
ThS. Bui Ha PhUdng
Khoa ThU vien - Thong tin hpc, trUdng OH KHXH&NV Tp. HCM TdmtSt:
Khung phan loai tiiSp phan Dewey ia mot tong nhiJhg mdn hgc quan tong tong chWdng tinh dao tao nginh Thdng tin - ThW vien d Viet Nam hidn nay. Bai viSt trinh bay mot so ngi dung cxf ban ve DDC dude giang d?y tai Khoa Thw viSn ~ Thdng tin hgc, tru&ng Dal hgc Khoa hocXahdiva Nhan van Tp. Hd Oii Minh (DH KHXH & NV Tp. HCM), phan ti'ch mdt sd thuSn Idi cung nhW nhi/ng kho khan ma giang vien gap phai trong qua trinh giaftg day DDC. Tif dd, tac gia de xuat mot so giai phap nham nang cao hiiu qua giang day DDC.
7'i>'iUioi;ThUvi&i, bang DDC, giang day.
Abstract:
DDC is a core subjed in US education program in Vietnam nowadays. This paper introduces some major contents on DDC that are being taught in LIS faculty of Ho Chi Minh University of Humanities and Social Sciences, analyses some advantages and challenges that lecturers encount&-ed when teaching DDC.
Based on the analysis, the author suggests some solutions for Improving DDC teaching quality.
Keywords: Library, DDC, teaching.
D$t v^n d%
Khung phan lo?i thap phan Dewey la mpt trong nhutig mon hpe b i t bude trong khoi kien thu'c giio due dai hpc tai cae trUdng dao tao chuyen nghiep nganh Thu vien - Thong tin hpc (TV-TTH) tai Viet Nam va tren the gidi hien nay.
Mdn hpc cd thdi lUpng tir 45 den 60 tiet dUpc phan bd kien thire ly thuyet va ren Iuyen ky ning thu'c hanh phan loai tai lieu. Xuat phat tir thUe tiin giing d?y DDC, bai viet de cap den nhutig n$i dung giing day DDC trong ehudng trinh dao t?o. Ben canh nhutig thuan Ipi, bai viet eung neu len mpt sd kho khin ma giing vien (GV) da g i p phii, lim han che phan nao hieu q u i chat lUdng giing dgy ciia GV va hpc t|p ciia sinh vi§n (SV).
Chinh vi V9y, m$t so bien phip khSc phyc dupe phin tich va iftig dyng trong thUc tien se gdp phSn ning cao hi^u q u i q u i trinh giing day DDC.
1. N$i dung giang d^v DDC trong chUtfng trinh gifio dye d^i hpc
vdi die thii DDC la khung phan loai ding cap ve mat cau triie khung va ky hieu phan loai, gom cic bang chinh, bang phu, bang chi muc quan he vdi nhutig quy tac, hudng dan rieng biet khi sir dyng DDC de phan loai tai lieu, nen viee dUa kien thire DDC vao chUdng trinh hpc cho SV cung ed nhutig khie biet cd ban. SU khic biet dd chii yeu la ndi dung va phUdng phap giing day eiia GV, dam bio phii hpp giD^ chUdng trinh hoc, trinh dp nhan thi/c va ITnh hdi tri thUe ciia SV.
Cf mpt sd nUde phit trien tren the gidi, DDC dupc giang day cho hpc sinh bac tieu hpe nhU la mdt ehUdng trinh hudng dan tre em each thUc sir dyng thu vien (TV) de c6 the tU tim dupc tai lieu ma minh can, dy^ tren nhi/ng kien thUe cd ban nhat ve DDC. Npi dung ehii yeu tap trung giing day tong quan ve khung DDC, giiip eho hpc sinh hieu dupe cich to chiTc, sap xep tai lieu trong TV nhu the nao, cich tim dUde tai lieu trong TV.
PhUdng phap giang day cho ddi tUdng ngUdi hpc
d cap dp nay thudng cd yeu to tru'c quan, sinh dpng, ket hdp vdi eac utig dung cdng nghe, villa mang ti'nh chat hpc tap va vii^ ed ti'nh ehift giii tri, phii hdp vdi dae diem lam ly, lira tuoi ciia hpe sinh trong giai doan nay. Mdt so vi du minh hoa cho noi dung va phUdng phap hpc tap nay cd the ke den nhU ban nhac Rap ve cau true DDC day yeu to vui nhdn, tre trung, hoac mpt sd trang web sinh dpng khie.
Hien nay d Viet Nam, DDC edn dUpe giang day nhu mpt khoi dao tao nghiep vy ngan han do mdt sd TV, ed quan thdng tin nhu Thu vien Quoc gia Viet Nam - ddn vi chiu trich nhiem giang day, tap huan eho dpi ngu can bp thU vien (CBTV) thupe cic he thong TV khac nhau trong ea nUdc.
Cic khoi dao tao, tap huan dam bao thUe hien cic mye tieu va npi dung mdn hpc phii hpp vdi tiftig nhdm doi tUdng ngUdi hpe, nham trang bi ky nang sir dung DDC trong qua trinh phan loai tai lieu.
6 cap dai hoc, SV dUdc trang bi kien thii'e tong quan ve khung phan loai DDC eung nhU hinh thanh ky nang thUe hanh va sir dung khung DDC trong phan loai tai lieu, chuan bi cho SV nen tang kien thirc va ky nang phan loai tai lieu sau nay trd thanh cin bd phan loai chuyen nghiep. Hien nay, eac trUdng dai hpe dao tao nganh TV-TTH trong c i nude deu giing day DDC nhu mdt mdn hpc bat bupc. Mpt so trUdng cdn giang day DDC long ghep vdi kien thUe ehung ciia mon Phan loai tai lieu va khung LCC eiia ThU vien Quoc hpi My (trUdng Dai hoc Sai Gdn). Tai Khoa TV-TTH, trUdng OH KHXH&NV Tp. HCM, sau khi SV hpe xong 30 tiet mon Phan loai tai lieu, SV se hpe mon DDC vdi tong so tiet la 45 (tUdng dUdng 3 tin chi). Trong do, npi dung mdn hoc can dat difdc sau 45 tiet day va hpc gom eo: lich sU ciia khung phan loai thap phan Dewey, cac an ban, cau true (bang chinh va bang phu), cac ghi ehii thudng gap trong DDC, cic dau, phan hudng dan, bang ehi myc quan he va cac quy tae lUa chpn ky hieu phan loai (KHPL) trong khung DDC an ban day dii. NhUvay, vdi nhutig npi dung neu tren, SV Ian lUpt di song song ly thuyet va thUe hanh, SV dddc yeu eau phai thUe hanh lien tyc va thudng xuyen trong hau het cae budi hpe.
2. Mpt sfi thuan Idi va kho khan trong giang d^y DDC
2.1. Thuan idi
SW ke thu^ va tidi luy Idnh nghiem thWc tiin ve mat chuyen mon cua giang vien
ThUc te cho thay, Khoa TV-TTH hien nay chi cd mpt GV phy ti-ich giing day DDC. Tuy vay, de cd dUde mpt GV dimg Idp doe lap thi deu phii trai qua qua trinh trau doi va hpe tap tir nhutig GV da di tn/dc, nhutig GV c6 kien thu'c sau rpng, tam huyet vdi nghe va ed kinh nghiem giang day da tniyen dat lai. Trong giai doan nay, GV Idn tuoi da giiip dd, hUdng dan va chia se tan tam doi vdi GV tre, l30 dieu kien cho GV tre cd cd hpi lam quen va cd the dutig Idp dpc lap de giang day mon hpe nay.
Mat khae, ban than GV tre cung hpe tap kinh nghiem tir dpi ngu CBTV c6 kinh nghiem thut tien, ed chuyen mdn sau dang lam viec tai cae TV, trung tam thdng tin (TTTT) ed uy tin. Qua trinh hpc tap nay ddi hdi sU ehii dong ciia chfnh GV tre cung nhu sU giup dd, ho trd eua CBTV ndi GV tfch luy kinh nghiem thUe te. Chfnh vi vay, vai trd ciia qua trinh tfch luy kinh nghiem thUe te trUde khi giang day mdn hpe nay la thUe sU quan trpng va CO y nghTa rat idn doi vdi chat lUdng giang day ciia GV. Hien nay, ban than GV giang day DDC dang cdng t i c tai ThU vien Trung tam trong khau bien muc tai lieu, thdi gian lam viec eo djnh 2 ngay/tuan.
SWho trd cua Trung tim Thong tin - ThWvien nha trWdng trong qua tinh thi/c hanh phan loai cua sinh vien
Thiic hanh phan loai doi hdi SV phai tiep can true tiep tai lieu, day la mpt nguyen t i e bat bupc, nguyen tac trUc dien trong cdng t i e phan loai.
Nam bat dUdc yeu eau nay, GV da de xuat va dupe sU ho trd tir phfa Trung tam Thdng tin - Thit vien eiia nha trUdng trong viec eung cap tai lieu eho SV thuc hanh moi buoi hpe. Npi dung va so lUdng tai lieu deu dUpe sU ho trd tir CBTV tiTjdc moi budi hpc theo yeu cau eiia GV va yeu c3u cua buoi thUc hanh. Chfnh su ho trp nay giup eho hoat dpng day va hpe da dat dupe mpt so muc
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tiiu va hieu q u i nhat djnh. SV c6 cd hpi tiep can vdl t i l lieu thyt sU, khi g i p phii nhitng van de khd phan kiai, SV d i i i dpng tim den each thufc giai quyS viin dg nhanh chdng, hole la tham khao y Wen cua cic SV trong nhdm, hoic la hoi y kien cua GV de tim dUdc KHPL phii hdp nhat.
2.2. Khd khan Cdng o^ hgc tap con thieu thdn
SV d i i cd dii kha ning sao chup an ban nit gpn 14 de ho trd qui trinh hpc, trong khi npi dung giing day lai liin quan den ifn ban day du.
Hien nay, ThU vien Quoc gia Viet Nam da djch va xuat bin an bin DDC 23 ^ y dii blng tieng Vi|t.
Tuy nhien, viec Khoa trang bj cho tat ea SV an ban dSy dii la dieu khd cd the thUe hien dUde vi ly do kinh phf. Mat khic neu GV chi giing day theo ChUdng trinh va cau true ciia DDC 14 thi ddi khi SV se g i p khd khSn Wii di lam thUe te. De giam thieu b'nh trang g i p kho khan khi SV tham gia thyt tap gii/a khoi v i cudi khoi tai cic TV sir dyng an bin day dii, GV da giang day ea an ban rut gpn, an bin d3y dii va thUe hanh tren an bin riit gpn. Ngoii ra, hien nay mdt sd TV si/ dyng an tiin DDC day dii de phan loai tai lieu, trong khi dd vdi kien thii'e ciia DDC 14 thi SV se khdng the biet cich sir dyng Ifn bin nay nhU the nao trong thuc t§. Vi§c hpc tap va ren Iuyen ky ning sir dyng Sn bin dly dii trong qui trinh lam viee se tdn nhieu thdi gian cung nhU inh hUdng den hieu qui cdng vi$c chung ciia ho^t dpng nghiep vu.
Khd khin niy the hi|n ro ret nhat la SV khdng cd cd hdi thyc hinh m$t s6 bing phy bong DDC day dii. SV khdng the thUe hinh dUde bing 5 (Oin tpc va nhdm qude'gia) va bang 6 (Cac ngon ngQ) vi sU khic biet ve m i t eau true cua bang day dii v i bing nit gpn. Ngoii ra, nhieu npi dung tai ll^u thupe cic chuyen nginh cy the doi khi l^dng dupc ll^t ke diy dii trong bin rut gpn, thay vao dd, cie de t i i niy lai thu^c vao nhiing d% t i i dang d vj trf chd (trong ghi ehu Bao gom - Including note) v i khdng dUdc ph^p thgm cic b-d k^ hieu ciia cic bing phu. Dieu nay ddi khi lim i n h hudng den vi$c nSm ro c i u true khung phan loai DDC lin bin dSy du v i vi tri mpt so de t i i trong khung bting q u i trinh phan to^l cua SV khi hpc
mdn phan loai theo DDC v i qui trinh lim viec sau niy.
Trinh do tieng Anh cua sinh vien con han che Day I i mpt trong nhutig han che thUdng thay doi vdi SV trong q u i trinh hpc Khung phan loai DDC, dac-bi^ trong qua trinh thyt hanh mdn hpc. Ddi vdi ehUdng trinh d i o tao eiia Khoa, SV khong can phii ed trinh dp A tieng Anh trudc khi hpc mdn niy. Mat khic, theo quan s i t tir cae Idp da giing day cho thify, trUdc khi dang ky hpc phan mon hpc nay, khoang hdn 50% SV chu^ ti'ch luy chutig chi tieng Anh trong hpe ky hpe DDC.
Chinh vi vay, nhutig SV cd trinh dp tieng Anh han che se gap nhieu khd khan trong qui trinh thUe hanh vdi t i i lieu ngoai van cijng nhU sir dyng an bin DDC tren Web Dewey v i tham khio cic ngudn t i i lieu til Internet. Tir dd, hieu qua chpn lua KHPL phii hpp se khong eao doi vdi SV cd trinh dp tieng Anh han che.
Do vay, giii phip khac phye ddn gian nhat chinh la SV tU ti^u doi, ren Iuyen ky ning ngoai ngCr ciia ban than trong suot qui trinh hpe tap tai trUdng, dae biet la biet cich sir dyng tir dien mdt cich linh hoat, tiet kiem thdi gian. Day la mpt thuc tr^ng chung gay khd khin va lam giam hieu qui hpc tap khdng chi mon hpc nay ma trong ca qui trinh hpc cie mdn hpc khic ciia nginh hpc.
Sinh vien chWa thWc sW chu dgng trong qua trinh hgc tap
Day khdng han la thUc trang rieng eiia viee giang day mdn DDC ma da phan cac mon hpc deu bj t i e dpng bdi tinh trang nay. SV cdn ehUa thuc sU ehii ddng trong qui trinh dpc sach, chuan bj bii hpe, tim kiem thdng tin lien quan den mdn hpe. Theo quan s i t cho tiiay, mpt sd ft SV van mang nang tU tudng hpc de lay diem, hpc de ddi phd, hpe khong vi niem yeu thieh dan den hieu qui mdn hpe ehuS thUe sU cao. Chfnh vi vay, giii phip khac phyc eho tinh trang nay chinh I i GV phai tao dUde dpng lUe hpc eho SV bSng nhieu bien phip khie nhau, trong dd van dung phUdng phip giing day va danh gia ket qui hpc tap phit hdp se gdp phan giiip SV cd each nhin dung din v i nghiem tuc hdn ve mdn hpe. Mat khie, bin than moi SV phii t u ren eho minh y thUc tU hpe
va ed traeh nhiem vdi q u i trinh ti'ch luy kien thi/c ciia minh, dieu nay ddng vai trd quyet dinh den hieu q u i hpc tap ciia SV.
3. Mot s6 bien phap nang cao h i i u qua giang day DDC
3.1. Trang bi an ban DDC day du de thyt hanh
Oe giii quyet dUde khd khan trong thieu thon cong ey hpc tap - bing phan loai DDC day du, ban than GV da tU linh hoat dieu chfnh npi dung thUc hanh bang cich neu len mdt so chii de dUde v i khdng dddc sir dyng bang 5 v i bang 6 de ghep vdi ky hieu ciia bang chfnh. Tuy vay, day ehi I i giai phap tam thdi, ve lau dai, SV van can ed ed hdi dupc tiep can va sir dyng an ban DDC day du trong thUe hanh phan loai. Trong dieu kien han che ve mat kinh phi d i o tao, viec Khoa trang bj cho mdi SV mdt bin sao chup an ban day du I i dieu rat kho thUe hien. Do vay, giai phip kha thi nhat chfnh la GV hUdng d i n eho SV cich thirc lUa ehpn KHPL bang ehUdng trinh phan loai Web Dewey phien ban dung thU (Free Trial trong vdng 30 ngay) de ho trd qua trinh thUe hanh bang 5 va bing 6.
WebOewey
• • ' " • n f - - *
Hinh 1. Giao dien tra cuU cabin KHPL
Giao dien Web Dewey an ban diing thW mien phi
Hinh 2. Giao dien ta cuU nang cao KHPL Vdi giao dien tra cdu KHPL nang cao, Web Dewey cho phep ngUdi sir dyng tra euli VMt hdp vdi eac diem truy cap khae nhau nhU trong tatdi cie trUdng, bang tra, ghi ehii, chi sd phan loai Dewey, bang tieu de chii de eua ThU vien Quoc hdi My (LCSH), hay bang tieu de chu de y hpc aia Thu vien Qude gia Y hpc (MeSH). Web Dewey eung cap nhu'ng thong tin cap nhat eiia an ban DDC mdi nhat va thUdng xuyen nhat. Day chinh la mpt trong nhutig cdng cy hi/u fch doi vdi CBTV, SV hpc tap va ngUdi sir dyng. Do vay, GV can hudng dan SV each sir dung va thUe hinh vdi Web Dewey trong q u i trinh giing day.
3.2. Xay dtfng thW vien thu'c h^nh hS trp man hoc
ThUe te eho thay, yeu eau nganh hpc deu phan bd thdi lUpng danh eho SV thUc hinh, lim bai tap va tU hpe ddi vdi hau het cic mdn hpc chuyen nganh nhU mdn Bien muc mo t i , Omh tir khoa, Phan loai tai lieu, Bien muc chu de, T6m tat, ehu giai, tong Iuan, Thu vien so, v.v... dong dd bao gom mon Khung phan loai thSp phan Dewey. Ddi vdi SV bac dai hpe ciia Khoa TV-TTH, trUdng DH KHXH&NV TP. HCM, SV viia hpc I*
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thuyet, vii^ d u ^ phan bo thcfi gian thUc hinh tai Idp, t u hpc v i tham quan, di khao sat thUc te tai cic TV, TTTT theo yeu (3u ciia GV. Ben canh, SV cdn phii tham gia thUc tap gii/a khoi vdi thdi lUpng 2 tin chi (tUdng dulfng 3 tuan) vao nim hpc thir ba ciia moi khoi hpc. Trong nam hpc thu' ba, SV cung dude Khoa to chi/c di thUe tap thUe te t?i mdt vai TV, TTTT trong pham vi c i nude.
E)en nim thi/ 4, SV thUc tap cuo\ khoi vdi thdi lUpng la 7 tin chf trong khoing 7 tuln tai eac TV, TTTT tr§n dja ban thanh pho. Day la eic bUdc chuan bj tudng doi vCihg chac cho SV dan lam quen vdi mdi trUdng thUe te tai cic TV, TTTT trUdc khi trd thinh CBTV sau nay. Giai doan niy doi hoi SV phii biet van dyng nhutig kien thu'c, ky ning thyt hanh mdn DDC da dUpe hpc tai trUdng de xit ly nhiihg van de nghiep vu trong thUe te.
Trong dieu kien hien nay, xay dutig TV thUc hinh dinh cho SV khoa TV-Tm tai tn/dng OH KHXH&NV Tp. HCM ndi rieng, mpt sd ed sd dao tao nginh ndi chung la md hinh TV hihj fch cho qui trinh ren Iuyen ky nang thUc hanh va kha ning irng xU vdi dieu kien thUe te ddi vdi SV. De thu'c hien dupe giii phip nay, mdt sd yeu cau can Uiiet de tien hanh xay dung TV thUc hanh bao gQm:
- Kinh phi: Khoa cd the huy ddng nguon kinh phi tit phfa cic to chiTc tir thien, tir nha trUdng v i kinh phi quyen gdp eiia dpi ngu GV trong va ngoai Khoa. CUu SV cic khoi dang lam viee tai cac to chUc khac nhau eung la nguon quyen gdp quy hoat dpng eiia TV.
• Cdsdha ^ng, cdng nghe thdng tin: Oe xay di/ng md hinh nay, cic ed sd dao tao cd the kien nghj nhi trUdng ho trp ve viee bo tri phdng 6c, trang thiet bj tuy thuOc vao dieu kien cu the cua tirng trUdng. Ben canh, TV cung cd the sir dung cic phin mem ma nguon md mien phi. Ngoai ra, Khoa cSn chii dpng tao lap mdi quan he giii^ nha cung cip phan mem TV de dUde sif dyng mien phi phin mem ciia chinh cic nhi cung cap dd.
Day cung I i ho^t dpng cd Ipi cho chfnh nha cung e3p phin m§m trong ho^t dpng quang b i thudng hieu, sin phim ciia minh den ngUdi su' dyng.
- Op/ ngu c^n bg thW v/$n; De duy tri dui?c
hoat ddng ciia md hinh TV thut hinh can c6 nguon nhan li/e thyt hien. Nham dam bio muc tieu eiia mo hinh nay, TV cd the sir dyng chinh nguon nhan lUe tai Khoa - dd chfnh la dpi ngu GV chuyen nganh trong Khoa. Day I i dpi ngu GV chju traeh nhiem giing day eae phan mdn. Vi du, trong qua trinh day tiiUe hinh, GV chfnh la ngUdi hudng dan trUe tiep cho SV thUe hinh. Song song dd, GV se dinh g i i tn/c tiep dUpe ky nang lam Viec, ren Iuyen cae ky nang trong qui trinh lam viec tai TV vdi vai trd la GV phy trach phan mdn de danh gii trUe tiep dddc hieu qui tiep thu ciia SV ddi vdi bii giing va ky nang van dyng ly Iuan vao q u i ijinh lam viec thyt te. Vdi vai trd I i nha tuyen dung lao dpng tupng lai, GV cung cd the dUng d gdc dp ddi hdi eiia nha tuyen dung d ^ vdi SV sau khi tot nghiep, de xem xet nhi/ng dieu kien, yeu rau can thiet tir nha tuyen dyng lao dong. Tir dd, GV de xuat, ddng gdp y kien dieu chinh ehUdng trinh dao tao, phUdng phap giang day phii hdp khdng chi mdn DDC ma edn cic mdn hpc khac trong chUdng trinh dao tao. Ngoai ra, doi ngu GV dang trong giai doan la trp giing, hoc vien cao hpe, SV tinh nguyen cijng dUde xem la dpi ngij eong t i c vien lau dai tai TV thUc hinh.
- Von tai lieu: TrUdc mat, Khoa TV-TTH tai cic cd sd dao tao ed the tan dyng nguon tai lieu npi sinh tai Khoa nhU quyen gop, bieu, tang tU cie GV trong Khoa. Mat khic, TV thUc hinh cd the thu thap nguon tai lieu xam tir cic cong trinh nghien cUu khoa hpe eae cap ciia GV, de tai nghien euli khoa hpe eiia SV, Iuan van thac si ciia cie hpc vien cao hpc va eae nguon tai lieu tir eae to chUc tir thien, cae TV, TTTT Idn trong v i ngoai nude. Tham ehi, chfnh nguon tai lieu thanh ly tU cac TV, TTTT cung la mpt nguon lUc thdng tin quan trpng doi vdi viec phye vy eae mon hoc nhU To ehu'c, bio quin tai lieu de SV cd each nhin nhan thUe te nhat gii/a ly Iuan va thuc tien.
NhU vay, vdi TV thUe hinh nay, SV vira ed cd hpi tiep can va lim viec trUe tiep vdi tai lieu, phan loai t i i lieu, van dung kien thirc vao qui trinh hinh thanh ky ning thUc hanh phan loai, vira cd ed hpi tiep can hoan chinh cie khau doan trong bien mye t i i lieu ndi rieng v i trong van hanh eiia
3.3. Van dung linh hoat mdt sff i^u'dttg phap trong giang d^y DDC
Ngoai cic phUdng phap giang day cd ban nhU thuyet trinh neu van de, GV truyen dat va SV finh hpi kien thufc chii ddng, ed sU chuan bj tir trUdc khi den Idp thi GV cdn cd tiie van dung th§m mot sd phUdng phip giing day tu'dng ddi hieu qua khic. Ket q u i da dUde kiem chutig qua kinh nghiem giang day ca nhan.
- PhWdng phap dong vai: Trong hoat dpng idp hpc, GV thudng van dung nhieu phUdng phip giang day khic nhau, nham phat huy tdi da hieu qui hpe tap va giang day. Vdi c i d i giing day truyen thong khi GV ddng vai trd trung tam thi hien nay each day nay doi khi khdng cdn phii hdp.
Chinh vi vay, vdi kinh nghiem giang day ca nhan eho thay, viee tao ed hdi cho SV dutig tren bye giing - ddng vai I i ngUdi dieu phdi hoat ddng Idp hpe - da giup cho hoat dpng day va hpc trd nen cd tinh thir thich hdn. Mot sd SV se ghi ket qua phan loai len bing, sau do mpt SV dUdc GV chi djnh bat ky se phan tich ket q u i , tham khao y kien eiia cie SV khic va chon ra ket qua chinh xic va phii hpp nhat. Vdi phUdng phap nay, SV se dat dupe mpt so hieu utig nhu sau: thd nhat, SV hieu rd hdn each thii'e, quy trinh de phan loai tai lieu hieu qua va chinh xae nhat; thi/hai, SV cd the ren dUdc ky ning ndi trUde dam ddng, giup SV tU tin hdn khi dien dat van de; thif ba, SV se cd cd hpi the hien dupc khi nang phan tich, nhan djnh va dinh gii van de dong vai va trong qui trinh phan loai t i i lieu. Ro rang, nhi/ng Idi ich tren deu giup SV cd the t u tin hdn sau khi ra trUdng.
- PhWdng phap lam viec nhdm: Ket q u i ciia qui trinh phan loai la KHPL. Moi SV khi phan ioai thudng ed nhiJtig quan diem khae nhau ve mpt t i i lieu hoac mot chii de c6 hai hoac nhieu ky hieu khie nhau nam r i i ric trong khung. Van de quan trpng chfnh la SV can thdng nhat va tim ra mdt
\Wa chpn phii hpp va tdi Uu nhat. 6 pham vi mpt TV, sau khi ra trUdng, thdi quen trao doi thdng tin khi phan loai nhiitig tai lieu khd, cd ehii de phiic tap ciia SV se giup fch rat nhieu trong viec lUa chon KHPL phii hdp, nham giam thieu toi da sU thieu thdng nhat trong qua trinh phan loai t i i lieu, trinh trUdng hpp mpt tai lieu nhUng lai cd nhieu
KHPL khic nhau v i sy khac bi#t qua Idn d i n den tinh tiang nhieu tin va mat tin khi tim kiem.
3.4. Xac ainh hinh thu'c danh gia mdn hoc phu h^
DDC la mpt mon hpc cd ti'nh chat ky thuat thUe hanh cao, ddi hdi SV sau Wii hpe xong phai cd kha ning phan loai t i i lieu. Do do, ben canh viec SV n§m 3Mc mot so ly thuyet cd ban i ^ khung DDC, thi viec SV cd the lu^ ehpn KHPL nhtf the nao va GV cd the danh g i i dUde SV cd thut sU hieu rd khung phan loai nay hay khong tiii tijy tiiupe vao hinh thu'c tiii ciia mSi GV ti'ong bjtig trUdng d i o tao khic nhau. Qua trinh danh gia mdn hpc ddi hdi phai t r i i qua qua trinh hpe tap ciia SV ket hdp vdi cac phUdng thire danh gia khic nhau. Ddi vdi danh g i i q u i trinh, SV phai d i m bio hoin thanh mpt sd yeu cau ciia GV nhiT SV phii tham dU Idp toi thieu 80% so vdi tong thdi lUdng mdn hpe va khdng dUdc phep vSng trong eic buoi thUe hanh, thai dd hpc tap ciia SV qua viec ddng gdp y kien, phat bi^u xiy dUng bai, ky nang dat cau hdi phii hdp, tham gia thao lu§n nhdm, bai tap thUc hanh ca nhan va hoan thanh bai thi giO^ ky. Vdi bai thi giu^ ky, y€u c3u SV hoin thanh 50% ly thuyet (trac nghiem) va 50%
bai tap thUc hanh tai idp. NhU vay, qua ea qua trinh lam viec eiia SV, bUde dau GV cd th^ danh gia dupe hieu q u i hpe tap ciia SV qua tong dl^m thi giu'a ky (la diem cong trung binh ciia tat ea cac hoat dpng ma SV da tham gia).
Vdi hinh thUc thi cudi ky, mdt so GV cd theap dyng hinh thUc thi viet, van dap, tieu Iuan, v.v...
Moi hinh thu'c thi deu ed ud nhupe diem khac nhau, phu thupe vao quan diem ciia moi GV. Tuy nhien, theo kinh nghiem ban than v i kinh nghiim eiia cic GV da giang day DDC tai Khoa thi hinh thi/c thi van dap cudi ky I i tUdng ddi phu hdp va hieu qua. Cy the, qua hinh thu'c thi van dip (02 GV dat cau hdi, moi SV Ian lUdt t r i Idi) thi GV c6 the danh g i i dUde kha ning hieu bii thUc si/aia moi SV, phan biet dUdc su khac biet giOa cac nhdm SV khic nhau v i mite do tiep thu bii, l<ha nang thUe hanh ciia tutig SV sau khi ket thuc mfin hpc.
NhU vay, vdi cich thi/c dinh g i i nay, GV sS
36
nh^n d i ^ v i phin b i ^ dUdc cic nhdm SV thudc cac binh dp khic nhau va diiu chinh phudng phip t n j ^ dat v i giing d ^ mpt cich linh hoat va phii hdp cho cic khoa hpc ke ti€p. PhUdng phip giing d ^ phii hdp v i phuUng thu'c dinh g i i I i hai trong sd nhi@u yeu to tao nen ehft lupng giing d^y DDC ndi riSng, giing day dai hpc ndi Chung.
Nhin chung, vdi nhffng thuan Idi neu tren, hoat ddng giing day DDC ciing da dat dUdc mdt sd kSt qui nhit djnh. Tuy nhien, dieu can thiet d^
c i GV va SV ciing nS lUc I i khic phue mot sd khd khin trong qua trinh hpc tap v i giing day nhim dam bio hoin thien nhutig mue tieu ciia mdn hpc not rilng va ning cao chat ludng d i o tao dpi ngu CBTV trong tUdng lai.
T A I U e U THAM KHAO 1. Cao ding SU pham Ha Npi. Khung chUdng trinh dao t^o: Nganh ThU vien - Thdng tin hpe.
http://www.cdsphanoi.edu.vn.
t . D91 hpe Sal G6n. ChUcfng trinh dao tao.
http://www.nsl.hcmus.edu.vn/greenstone/eollect/ht dhsg/lndex/assoc/HASH7425.dir/doc.pdf.
3.0^1 hpc KHXH&NV Hi Npi. Khung chUdng trinh dio t^o trinh d$ dai hpe nginh Thdng tin hoc.
http://tuyenslnh. ussh .edu. vn/prog ra m/thong-ti n- hoc/khung-chuong-trinh.
4. http://www.dewey.org/webdewey/standard Search.html.
5. NguySn Trung T h i n h . Sifdijng Web Dewey 2.0 trong phin loai tai lieu.
http://vletnamlib.net/chuyen-mon-nghiep-vu/bien- muc-xu-ly/su-dung-web-dewey-2-O-trong-phan-loai- tai-lieu.
(Ngiiy (o^ so?n nh$n bai: 23/10/2013; Ngay phin t^n dinh gia: 24/01/2014; Ngay chap nhan dSng: 8/4/2014)
THUVIEN sd...
Tiip theo trang 25 thi§n v i phit trien ThW wen so thi nhieu thu vien Viet Nam chu^ iitig dung may ti'nh va dai bp phin bat dau x i y dutig ThW vien dien tu".
Dieu niy I i he q u i eiia viec nhan thut ve gia trj ciia chuan hoa - hdi nhap chUa dung, m i dien hinh nhat I i chUdng trinh va chat lUdng dao tao nganh TT-TV khdng d i p utig dUdc y§u rau phit trien nguon nhan lUe de xay dytig thU vien hiSn dai nhim bat kjp nhjp phit trien vdi cdng dong the gidi.
TAI UEU THAM KHAO 1. Nguyen Minh Hi@p. Of sd khoa hgc thong tin va thwvidn. - Tp. Ho Chi Minh : Giao dye, 2008.
2. Reitz, Joan M. Dictionary lor Library and Information Science. - Westport, Connecticut : Libranes Unlimited, 2004.
3. Rhino, Art. Using Open Source Systems for Digital Libraries. - Westport, Connecticut ; Libraries Unlimited, 2004.
4. Rowley, Jennifer. TTie Electonic Library:
Fourth Edition of Computer for Library. - London : Library Association, 1998.
5. Rubin, Richard. Foundations of Library and Information Science. - New Yori< : Neal-Sehuman Publisher, 2004.
6. Witten, Ian va Bainbridge, David. Hoiv to Build a Digital Library. - New York : Morgan Kaufman, 2003.
7. Xcvortxov, V.V. ThW vien hgc dai eWdng. - Phan 1: Nhutig cd sd ly thuyet eiia Thu vien hpe / Nguyen Thi Thu djch. - H.: Van hoi - Thong tin, 2004.
(Ngay toa soan nhan bai: 30/10/2013; Ngay phan bien danh gia: 05/12/2013; Ngay chap nhin dang: 8/4/2014)
