GIAO DVC v i SV PHAT TRIEN BEN VCTNG CilA CAC TIEU VirOfNG QUOC ARAB T H 6 N G N H A T (UAE)
Nguyen Xudn Bdch' TOM TAT
Cdc Tieu vucmg quoc Arab thong nhdt (UAE) la quoc gia ndm o bdn ddo Arab thugc khdi GCC' v&i GDP binh qudn ddu ngu&i thugc logi cao nhdt the gicri. UAE trong nhieu ndm qua co gdng chuyen doi nen kinh te phu thugc ddu mo sang nen kinh te phi ddu md vd da dgng hoa. De ldm dugc dieu nay, ngay tir khi lgp quoc, Quoc vuang Sheikh Zayed Bin Sultan At Nahya dd chii trgng gigo due. coi gido due Id nen tdng de phdt trien vd phdt trien ben vimg cua UAE trong tirong Iai Bdi viet sau day tdp trung tim hieu gido due vi sir phdt trien ben virng cua UAE, giiip hieu ro han vi ddt nudc. con ngirdi UAE cUng nhir chien luoc gido due phdt trien nguon nhdn lire vi mgt UAE huy hodng.
Tir khoa: gido dgc, phdt trien ben virng. UAE
Nhgn bdi' 11/11/2019: Phdn bien vd sita chira: 20/11/2019: Duyet ddng: 5/12/2019 1. Tong quan ve UAE Dugc thanh lap ngay 2 thang 12 nam 1971
„, .r-i •>; ~ J u Tl.- U-. sau khi Chinh phti Anh ch4m dilt che dp cai Cac Tieu Vucmg quoc Arab Thong nhat "^, . . , . . , . , , , , , . ^ , ; . . . u- J- A u •• tri bao ho cac quoc gia tren ban dto Arab theo (UAE), nam a phia dong ban dao Arab vm • • ^ "
di$n tich rong 83.600 km% phan dat lien co chung duong bien giai vol Saudi Arabia o phia tay va vol Oman a phia nam, con phan bien giap Vinh Ba Tu 6 phia dong va giap Qatar o phia bac. UAE co vi tri chien luoc nam giira chau A, chau Au va chau Phi.
UAE CO khi hau sa mac nong va kho. Khi hau miia he tir thang 4 den thang 9 nSng nong vdi nhi$t dp to 45 den 50°C. Khi hau miia mat til thang 9 den thang 3 tuong d6i de chiu vol nhi?t dp tir 28-30°C, bu6i tdi hoi se lanh.
Hiep uoc ky nam 1892, UAE la quoc gia quan chii lap hien vol co quan quyen luc cao nhat la Hpi d6ng toi cao 7 tieu vuong bao gom:
Abu Dhabi, Ajman, Dubai, Fujairah, Ras al- Khaimah, Sharjah va Umm al - Quwain, trong do Abu Dhabi la thanh pho 1cm nhat tai UAE va cung la trung tam kinh te, chinh tri ldn nhat nuoc'.
Dan so UAE nam 2018 khoang 9,54 tri?u ngudi^ trong do nam gioi chiem 72% va nii gidi chiJm 28% vdi dp tuoi trung binh la 33,5 tudi, song phJn ldn la ngudi nhap cu dSn tit
• Ti^n si, Vi^n Nghign ciru Chau Phi v^ Trung Dong
Tgp chi nghien ctru c i i i r PHI & TRI vc DOSG SO 12(172) thang 12/2019 •
Nguyen Xuan Bach Giao due vi su" phat then ben vung-.
cac nuac nhu An Dp, Ai Cap, Pakistan.
Phillippine va mgi so nuac khac, chi^m khoang 88% tong dan so, con lai chi khoang 22% dan so la cong dan ciia UAE^.
Islam giao la qu6c giao tai UAE. Theo s6 lieu cua Pew Research Center, tin do islam giao chilm 77% dan so UAE, Kito giao chiem 12%, Hindu giao chiem 4%, Phat giao chiem 2% va cac ton giao khac chiem 1% va khong ton giao giao 1%^^.
UAE duac biet den ia nen kinh te thi truang phu thuoc vao dau khi, nganh dau khi chiem hon V* GDP cua quoc gia vung Vinh nay. Gan day, UAE co ging chuyen doi sang nen kinh te phi dau khi va da dang hoa ca cau kinh te vai ty trong trong GDP nhu sau: san xuat (12,6%); thuemg mai va khach san (11,4%); bat dgng san (9,1%); xa\ dung (8,6%); giao thong van lai (7,3%); lai chinh va bao hi^m (6,4%)^.. GDP nSm 2018 cua UAE dat 414,18 ty USD (WB 2018). t6c do tang truang kinh t6 la 1,42%, tang 0,79% so vai n5m 2017. GDP binh quan dau nguai nam 2018 la 43.005 USD/nguoi, tang han so vai nam 2017 la 2.680 USD/ngucri^ Theo du doan ciia Quy Tien te Quoc te (Intemational Moneytary Fund - IMF), du tru nSm 2015 cua UAE la 76,8 ty USD se tang len 118,4 ty USD vao nam 2020. Thang du tai khoan vang !ai se tang tir 17.6 ty USD nam 2015 len 33,4 t>
USD vao nam 2020. UAE dugc xep hang nhat trong so cac quoc gia hap dan doi vai dau tu true tiep nuac ngoai a khu vyc Trung Dong va chau Phi. Theo Bao cao NSng suat The gicri ciia IMD, UAE duac xep thu nhal trong khu
\ uc va dung thu 12 irong so 61 quoc gia tren the gioi dugc danh gia ve kha nang quan ly ngu6n luc de tao ra gia trj lau dai. Theo Chi so Kinh te H6i giao Toan clu (GIEI) gom 73 qu6c gia, U-4E nkm trong ba quoc gia hang
dau ve moi truang kinh te Hoi giao lanh mgnh nhal the giai.
Dat dugc nhOng thanh tich nhu \ay. chinh la vi UAE da chu trpng phat trien giao dye coi giao due la chia khoa de phat trien ngay lir khi lap quoc va la nen tang de phat trien ben vung trong tuang Iai.
2. "Phat trien ben virng" va "Giio dye vi sy phat trien ben vfrng"
- "Phdt trien ben vihig":
Nam 1987, trong Bao cao "Tucmg lai chung cua chung ta" ciia Hpi dong The gioi ve Moi trucmg va Phat trien (World Commission on Environment and Development - WCED) cua Lien hpp quoc (LHQ), "phat trien ben v&ng" dupc djnh nghTa" la sy phSt trien ddp ung dupc nhijng yeu cau cua hi?n tai, nhung khong gay trcr ngai cho vi?c dap iing nhu cau cua cac the he mai sau".
Hpi nghj Thupng dinh Tr^i dat ve Moi truang va Phat trien dupc to chuc 6 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil nam 1992 vaHpi nghi Thupng dinh The giai ve Phat trien ben vimg to chuc a Johannesburg, Nam Phi nam 2002 cung xac dinh "phat trien ben vimg" la qua trinh phat trien co su ket hpp chat ch6, hpp Iy va hai hoa giiia 3 mat cua sir phat trien, gom: phat tri^n kinh le (nhdt la tang truang kinh ti), phai tridn xa hpi (nhat la thuc hien tien bg, cong bang x5 hpi; xoa doi giam ngheo va giai quy6t vi§c lam) va bao v? moi truang (nhdt la xir Iy, khac phuc 6 nhilm, phuc hoi va cai thien chat lupng moi truang; phong chong chay va chat pha rimg; khai thac hop Iy va sii dyng ij^t ki?m tai nguyen thien nhien).
Co the noi rang lieu chi de darJi gia su phat trien ben vung la sy tang trucmg kinh ti 6n
Tgp chi nghien cuu CHAU PHI & THLNG DONG SO 12(172) thang 12/2019
Giao due vi sif phat then ben viirig.., Nguyen Xuan Bach
dinh: thyc hien tot tien bp va cong bang xa hpi; khai thac hop ly. sir dung ti6t kiem tai nguyen thien nhien, bao ve va nang cao dupc chat lugng moi truong song.
- Gido due vi suphdt trien ben virng:
Nhimg y tuang "giao due vi sy phat tridn ben vimg" (Education for Sustainable Development - ESD) ban dau dupc the hien uong Chuang 36 cua Chuang trinh Nghj su 21 tai Hgi nghi v^ Moi trucmg va Phat trien ciia LHQ a Rio de Janeiro, Brazil nam 2002 voi ten gpi "Tang cuang giao due, dao tao va nhan thiic ciia cpng dong". Trong do, chi ra vai tro ciia giao due trong qua trinh tim kiem mgt each thirc phat trien theo huong ton irpng va bao ve moi truang ty nhien, chii trgng lam quan trgng ciia cong tac dinh huong va dinh hucmg lai giao due nhSm ton vinh cac gia iri va hanh vi ton trgng moi trucmg; dong thai vach ra duang loi thyc hien cong tac do. Ngay 20 thang 12 nam 2002, Dai Hpi dong LHQ da nhat tri thong qua Nghj quyet 57/254 ve \iec trien khai Thap ki Giao due vi Sy Phat trien ben vung (Decade of Educalion for Sustainable Development - DESD). bat dau tir ngay I thang 1 nam 2005 duoi su d6ng tai trg cita Chinh phii Nhat Ban va 46 quoc gia khac tren the gicri.
Gido due vl sit phdt trien ben vung (Education for Sustainable Development - ESD) la nham thay doi hanh vi tao nen xa hgi ben viing cho tat ca mgi nguoi tren ca sa ket noi kinh tk xa hgi, moi truong. van hoa ihong qua sy tac dgng lai mpi mat ciia dofi song xa hgi vai myc tieu tich hop cac gia tri phat trien bdn vimg vao trong tal ca cac ITnh vyc hpc tap.
ESD la mgt thd giai ma a do tdt ca mpi nguai deu CO ca hpi dupc hucmg Iai tir giao due. hgc tap cac gia tri, hanh \\ va each song tien toi mpt djong lai ben viing.
Gido due vi su phdt then ben vitng de cap den tat ca cac ITnh N yc nhan \ an, ap dung va tao nen mpt dien mao moi cho the gicri dang tha% doi: qu\en con nguai, hoa binh va an ninh nhan loai, cong bang giai, da dang van hoa va sy hieu biet cac nen van hoa khac nhau. sire khoe. HIV/AIDS, lanh dao, tai nguyen thien nhien, bien doi khi hau, phat trien nong thon, do thj hoa bdn vDng. ph6ng ngira va han che tham hoa, giam doi ngheo, nang cao trach nhiem va kinh te thj truang (Ngu> en Hoang Tri. 2017). ESD mu6n pha bo loi giao due truyen thong nhu: hgc theo mon hpc va ling ho loi hpc ket hpp lien nganh trong ESD; hpc theo gia tri; hpc co tu duy chir khong hpc thuoc long; ticp can da phuang phap. da hinh thirc: tha, kich, \e. tranh luan,..; tham gia vao viec ra quyet djnh; tiep can thong tin dia phuong phii hop van hem thong tin cap quoc gia (Unesco, 2003). Ngoai ra, ESD con nhan manh den the che chinh trj va kinh te. \ 1 du: chat lupng cupe song, dan chii, an sinh toan cdu (NCSE, 2003). Mpt truang hpc ben vimg chinh la truang dat trpng tam tren viec hpc hoi tir cpng dong (Henderson, K. & Tilbury, 2004), trong do, tre con. ngucri Ion va cpng dong giao luu va hpc hoi ciing nhau. Gido due vt su phdt trien ben vung nhan manh den nhung van de xS hpi phuc lap va doi hoi cong dan phai co cac ky nang tu duy phe phan, ky nang hgp tac, tham gia va hanh dgng (Henderson, K. & Tilbury, 2004).
Nhan ihOrc dupc lam quan trpng ciia '"giao due \ i sy phat trien ben vimg", dac biel sau mpt thap ky tnen khai "giao due vi sy phai trien ben vung" cOa LHQ lir nam 2005 den nam 2014. ngay nay "giao due vi sy phattrien ben vimg" (Education for Sustainable Development ESD) la trung lam ciia
Tgp chi nghien cuu CHAV PH\ ATRV^G BoyG so 12(172) thang 12/2019 17
Nguyen Xuan Bach Giao due vi sU phat trien ben vJjng.^
Chuang trinh Nghi sy 2030 vcri 17 muc tieu phat trien ben vimg (Sustainable Development Goals - SDGs) cho giai doan 2015 -2030 . trong do muc tieu 4 va muc lieu 8 nhan manh va de cap den moi lucmg quan giua ••giao due" va "phat trien ben viing".
Muc lieu 4: Dam bao giao due chat luong, rpng ma va cong bang va nang cao co hgi hgc lap suot dcri cho tat ca mpi ngucri. Cu the, den nam 2030, dam bao rdng tat ca nhiing ngucri di hpc deu ihu duoc kien thirc va cac ky nang can thiet de thiic day phat trien ben vung.
bang each thong qua giao due ve phat trien ben vimg va 161 song ben virng, ve nhan quyen, binh dang giai, thiic day mgt nen van hoa hoa binh va khong bao lyc, cong dan loan cau va danh gia cao sy da dang ve van hoa va dong gop cua van hoa doi voi phat trien ben vimg. Muc tieu 8: Thiic day tang truong kinh te dai han. rpng ma va ben vimg, tao viec lam day dil \'a nSng suat va cong viec tot cho tat ca mpi nguai. Den nam 2020, giam dang ke ly le nguai tre khong co viec lam, khong dugc giao due va dao lao. Den nam 2030, dat dupc viec lam day dii, co nang suat \ a cong viec tit te cho lat ca phu nir va nam gioi. bao gom ca cong viec cho nhirng nguai tre va nhimg ngucri khuyet tat, tra lucmg binh dang cho nhiing cong viec co ciing gia Iri. Thiic da) cac chinh sach dinh huong phat trien de ho trp cac hoat dpng san xuat, tao viec lam tot, kinh doanh, sang tao va doi moi. khuyen khich thanh lap va phat trien cac doanh nghiep vi mo. doanh nghiep \ ira va nho, ihong qua ca viec tiep can cac djch vu tai chinh.
Noi tom lai, diing nhu nhan xet ciia Nguyen Hoang Tri: "Giao due la mpt phan khong the thieu ciia mpt chien lupc phat trien ben \"irng, \ i eon nguai la trung tam cua su phat trien va giao due co the mang lai nhimg
tha\ doi CO ban do cac thach thirc ciia sy ben viing dat ra. ... Giao dye la ca hpi tot nhat giup chiing ta thiic day nhihig gia trj \ a hanh
\ i can thiet cho phat trien ben vitng"'.
3. Giao due vi su phdt trien ben vihig ciia UAE
- Gido dgc bdt bugc tgo nen tdng phdt Ngay tir khi l^p quoc, Quoc vuong Sheikh Zayed Bin Sultan Al Nah\a da chii trgng den giao due de tao nen tang phat Irien UAE, Truac nhOng nam 70 ciia the ky truoc, a UAE khong ton t^i h^ thong giao dye co quan ly, ngucri dan nuac nay chi dupc hpc viel mgt it trong eac lap do eac nha tha Hoi giao mo.
Nhan thirc dupc tam quan trpng ciia giao due doi voi su phat trien ciia quoc gia, Quoc vucmg Zayed la tong thong UEA liic bay gio khi mai 33 tuoi da mo hang loat truong pho thong, mb\ cac giao vien tir cac quoc gia khac den UAE giang day va ban hanh Luat Lien bang so I I/l 972 bat bupc phy huynh va nguoi giam hg hgp phap phai giri con den truang (hay con ggi la Luat Giao due bat bupc). Ke tir do, giao due pho thong bdt bupc doi vai tat ca cong dan UAE. Den nam 1975 ty le bidt chu: 6 UAE da co phan tang len, chidm khoang 53% tong dan so. Ben canh do, UAE cung song song phat trien h? thong truong pho thong tu thuc day hpc theo cac he th6ng giao due ciia Anh, My, Phap, Nga, An Dp va Nhat Ban. 1/3 so truong pho thong day hpc theo chucmg trinh eiia Anh. chiem vi tri thti nhat, tiep theo la giao due pho thong theo chuang trinh ciia M^ va An Do. chidm 15%
moi chuong trinh trong tong chuang trinh ph6 thong a UAE^
De dua tuoi nghi hpc bat bupc phii hpp hon voi nhieu quoc gia tien tien khac tren thd gioi
Tgp chi nghien eiru o i i i PHI & TRUNG PONG SO 12(172) thing 12/2019
Giao due vi s\f phat trien ben vung.. Nguyen Xuan Bach
Ngi cac UAE da phe chuan mpt luat moi vao thing 7 nam 2012 quy dinh tre em UEA bdt ddu di hpc tir nam Ien 6 tuoi cho den 18 tuoi khi hoan thanh chuang trinh lap 12. De Luat Giao due bat bupc co hieu lyc han, Dieu 14 cua Nghi dinh 820 nam 2014 ciia Chinh phu UAE yeu cau phu huynh hay nguai giam hp hpp phap phai cam ket giii con den truang theo cac dieu khoan cua Nghi dinh nay. Song song voi do, Ngi cac UAE da ban hanh cac chi thi de chuan bi "Chien luge xoa mu chii quoc gia" nhu: Nam 2016 la "nam dpc sach"
dd tao ra mpt the h? dgc tao nen tang xay dung UAE la thli do ciia van hoa va tri thiic. Ben canh do, cac dich vy hgc tai nha, cac trung tam gido dye nguoi lan hay cac trung tam giao dye thudng xuyen cung dupc chii trpng phat trien, chdng han nhu: 6 Abu Dhabi co 77 dia diem cung cap dich vu hpc tai nha... nham phat tridn ky nang, b6 tuc kidn thiic va khcri d^y tidm nang eua cac cong dan UAE khong CO dieu ki?n theo hpc chinh thong diing vai Luat Lien bang s6 29/2006, luat ddu tien cua UAE bao ve quydn cua nguai dan ve nhiing nhu cau dac biet.
Tai UAE, he thdng giao due tir cap trung hgc tro xuong do Bp Giao due Lien bang giam sat, rieng tai tieu vuang quoc Abu Dhabi do Hgi ddng Giao due Abu Dhabi quan ly. Phan lan cac trudng ddu co chuang trinh tieng Arab bdt bugc, hpc sinh tidp thu cac ky nang ca ban ve dpc va vidt, rieng viec hpc kinh Koran cac em dugc ty do lya chpn. Nhieu trudng pho thong dupc trang bi bd bai, san bong da de ren luy?n thd chdt, day la mpt ngi dung quan upng trong chucmg trinh day hpc d UAE nham phat tridn loan di?n van thd my cho hpc sinh. Ngdn ngit giang day trong cac trudng cong la tieng Arab va tidng Anh dugc coi trgng nhu ngdn ngii thli hai. Cac trudng cong do chinh phii cap
kinh phi va mien hpc phi cho cdng dan UAE ke ca hpc dai hgc, trong khi hpc phi tai cdc trudng hpc tu nhan khd cao va co nhieu miie khae nhau. Hpc phi trong cac trudng pho thong phu thugc vao he thong giao dye. Chdng han, hpc re nhat la d eac trudng pho thdng Arab binh thudng: hpc theo he thdng Anh ddt gdn gap ba lan so vdi he thdng An Dp; ldp 12 ddt hem gap hai Ian so vdi hgc ldp 1...
Vdi nhirng no luc do, theo thong ke nam 2012, sd nam di hgc trung binh d UAE dai 8,9 nam, tang 5,3% nam so vdi nam 1980. Trong nam hpc 2013-2014, c6 khoang gdn 1 tri?u hpe sinh phd thdng (910.000 hpc sinh)'. Ty I?
mil chir gan day d ea nam va nii ciia UAE dudi I%'°.
- Gido due hu&ng t&iphdt trien ben virng:
Dd hudng tdi cac muc tieu phat tridn ben virng bao gdm: bao v? tai nguyen thien nhien, giam lupng carbon va nang cao nhan thuc
"thiic ddy tu duy va thyc hanh than thi?n vdi moi Irudng" va de chuan bi cho "Tam nhin 2021 ciia UAE", mdt loat eae chucmg trinh, chidn luoc, ke hoach da dugc UAE hoach dinh va trien khai. Cy thd ddu nam 2010, Hgi dong Tdi cao UAE ban hanh "Chien lupc Chinh phli UAE 2011-2013", tiep theo Chucmg trinh "Sang kien Kinh te xanh" theo phucmg cham "mpt nen kinh te xanh cho phat iridn ben viing" da dupc Pho Tong thong, Thii tudng UAE Sheikh Mohammed khdi xudng vao thang I nam 2012, vdi mong mudn UAE se trd thanh trung tam toan cau va la mo hinh thanh cdng ciia nen kinh te xanh nh&m nang cao kha nang canh tranh, dam bao tinh ben viing va bao vg mdi trudng cho cac the hg tuong Iai. Nam 2015, chinh phii UAE da dau lu gdn 81,68 ty USD de thiic day nen kinh te tri thirc nhdm chuan bi cho mpt nen kinh te
Tgp chi nghien cuu CHAU PHI & TRI NG DONG SO 12(172) thang 12/2019
Nguyen Xuan Bach Giao due vi sU phat triwi hen vifng'
UAE khong phu thuoc vao dau mo. Cu the, Bp Khoa hoc. Cong nghe va Sang kien ciia UAE da khoi dong 100 sang kien vcri cac khoan dau tu Ion vao giao due. y le, nang lucmg, giao thong, cac ITnh vuc nhu ngucri may, nang luong mat troi, phat trien so huu tri tue, nghien cuu te bao goc va cong nghe sinh hpc. Hon the niia, tai Hpi nghj UAE a giai dpan hau dau mo dupc to chirc vao cac ngay 30 - 31 thang 1 nam 2016 tai Bab .-\1 Shams 6 Dubai, Chinh phu Lien bang va chinh quyen cac tieu vucmg nhan manh vao nguon luc con nguai, kien thtrc va doi mdi nhSm gop phan da dang hoa nen kinh te ciia UAE trong khi van dam bap tinh ben vung.
Co the noi rhng doi voi UAE, giao due la tru tien quoc gia, chinh vi vay "Chien lupc giao due 2010 - 2020" duoc Bp Giap due UAE (MOE) hoach dinh xay dung bao gom mpt loat cac ke hpach 5 nam nh4m nang cap chdt luong cua he thpng giao due, chii trpng den phucmg phap giang day ciia giao vien va each hpc cua hpc sinh nhu: chucmg trinh hpc thong minh, ma so giao vien mdi, he thong danh gia va cap bang cho giao vien, xem xet lai chuong trinh hpc (day toan. khpa hpc bang ti^ng Anh)... chuong trinh giap due tir mam non den ldp 12 nam de trang bi cho hpc sinh dil trinh dp hpc bat cir trucmg dai hpc nao tren thl gidi cung nhu gia nhap thi tnrong lao dpng toan cau.
Gan day. Noi cac UAE do Hpang than Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktpum phe chuin thue hien kS hpach thanh lap "Md hinh Trudng hpc Emirati" ii chuan bi cho cac ihS he CO kha nang d&i dat tuong lai ciia UAE va hien dugc triSn khai tai 800 trudng cong lap va tu thuc tren toan UAE. Muc dich •Md hinh Trudng hpc Emirati" la de giai quyet cae nhu cau ciia thi trudng viec lam, thong qua
phuong phap giang djy hi?n dji trong nhieu ITnh vuc giao due khac nhau, ciing nhu tap trung vao cac boat dpng giai tri ii dam bao mpi khia canh cua hpc sinh dju dupc chu y phat tri6n d4y dii. Thdng qua \ iec sit dung cdng nghe tien ti jn va phuang phap giang day doi mdi, cac trudng UAE dang thiic iky mdt mdi trudng hpc tap thu hut sinh vien va khuyen khich ho cd nhimg tu duy vupt trpi, ddi mdi ngoai gidi han. Cac trudng hpc d UAE dang dan trd thanh nhthig vi du tuyet vdi vi viec phat triSn cac ky ntag va xay dung tinh each cho hpc sinh trong thdi dai mdi.
Ben canh dd, Chinh phu UAE cung dang nd luc phat trien eac khda hpc nghS hien dai de thu hilt nhiSu sinh vien nhu mpt phan ciia chien luge phat triSn. Trong nhiem vu ChiSn luge TJm nhin 2021 ciia UAE, chinh phu die biet tap trung vao viec phat triSn them nhi6u hpc vien dap tap nghi nhSm dap img nhu elu lap ddng lanh nghd tir cac nganh cdng nghiep.
Y thirc dupc tinh canh tranh khdc liet cua thd gidi ngay nay, moi nhan vien dju cin tinh nang ddng va thich nghi tdt nen cac trudng hpc d UAE dang ap dung cac ky thuat day va hpc dinh hudng tuang lai dS giup sinh vien ehuan bj tdt ban cho cdng viec sau nay. Theo td Gulf News, nSn giao due d UAE dang phat trien nhanh ehdng vdi su tap trung ngay cang tang vao vi?c lam sao ik ehuong trinh giang day phat triln theo hudng ehuyen nghiep hda
Hien tai, d UAE viec phat triln hoc tap chuyen sau, tac ddng din su ddi mdi duoc quan tam nhilu hem, thay vi nhdi nhet ' kien thirc cho mot bai kiem tra it lien n,,, .«;
, . , . . . . ; ,. '^"MUanden kinh nghiem eupc song lau dai ciia hoc sinh sinh vien. Hpc tap ehuyin tir tap trung • ' giao vien sang l4y hpc sinh lam trpng tam • phuong phap cd ndi trd nghe chuyin sang h tap tieh hgp, img dung cdng ngh? thong tin v' Tgp chi nghien ciru CHAU PHI & TRUNG DONG SO 12(172) thang 12/201Q
Gi30 due vi stf phat trien ben vutig.. Nguyen Xuan Bach
Intemet vao trai nghiem hoc tap eiia hgc sinh.
Nhd Slf tiln bp ciia cdng nghe, cae trudng hpe a UAE cd the nJm liy cae edng cu sang tap va tuong tae de khuyen khich hpe sinh, sinh vien tilp thu cac ky nSng ky thuat sd hihi ich cho tuong lai.
Kit qua la nen giao due d UAE dugc xep hang kha tdt tren toan cau. Giao due dai hpc UAE dugc xay dung tren co sd he thong qude tl vdi chucmg trinh giang day dugc danh gia la tiln bp, bam sat thue tl va trang bi cho ngudi hgc hanh trang thich nghi vol nen kinh tl toan ciu dang cd nhieu thay ddi manh me.
Vi thl bing dai hge eiia UAE dugc cdng nhan a tit ca cae nude tren the gidi va cd chi sd kilm dinh chit lugng cao. UAE cd ba trudng dai hgc cdng va 130 dai hpc tu dugc kiem djnh chit lupng. Xet ve ty le nhap hpc dai hpc, UAE thupe vao loai cao nhit thl gidi vdi 95%
ntt sinh va 80% nam sinh vao dai hpc". Xet ve QS Rankings, cae dai hpe xip hang dau tai lien bang va cao tren the gidi la Dai hpc Cac Tilu vuong qudc Arab Thdng nhat (xep hang 421/430 toan eiu), Dai hpc Khalifa (xip hang 441/450 tpan ciu), Dai hgc My tai Sharjah (xip hang 431/440) va Dai hgc Sharjah (xip h?ng 551/600).
Hudng din phat triln ben virng, tien bd va lgi ich cho con ngudi, bing viec nang cao chat lupng ngudn nhan luc va thuc day nhvhig phat kiln thyc tiln thdng qua doi mdi sang tao va cong nghf tdi tan, nam 2017. UAE dua "tri tu? nhan tap" (Artificial Intelligence - AI) trd thanh chiln luge qudc gia im tien va thdng qua Chiln luge Tri tue Nhan tao 2031 ciia UAE. Viee ehinh thirc thanh lap Dai hgc Tri tu? Nhan tap Mphammad Bin Zayed (MBZUAI) vdi cac chuang trinh dao tao Thac
sT Khoa hpc (2 aim) va Tien sT (4 niim) trong 3 ITnh vuc .\I phat trien nhanh nhat hi?n na>' nhu; may hpc (machine learning), thi giae may tinh (computer vision, va xir ly ngdn ngO tu nhien (natural language processing) tai thanh phd Masdar, trung tam cdng nghe xanh cua UAE la hanh dpng cu the the hien tinh than tien phpng eua UAE trpng viic phat trien khpa hge cdng nghe - mpt ITnh v\rc trpng su da dang boa ma UAE tich cue md rgng ngoai diu md. Theo bao eao ciia td chirc Oxfprd Insights, U.AE hien dang dimg thir 19 tren the gidi ve mirc dp san sang.
UAE dat tham vgng sS san sinh mgt luc lugng lao ddng thl he mdi khdng chi biet tdi diu md ma phai ed tu duy khoa hpc. Dau tu vao con ngudi chinh la hudng di ciia nude nay trong ky nguyen hau dau md. Neu nhu nam 1997, chi cdng cho giao due ciia UAE chi chilm 5,0237% tdng ngan sach'^ thi nhting nam gin day, chi cdng cho giao due ciia UAE gip nhilu lin, cu thl nam 2017 la 2,78 ty USD, chilm 20,94% tdng ngan sach chinh phu; 2018: 2,83 ty USD, ehilm khoang 20,23% tdng ngan sach chlnh phu; nam 2019;
2,79 tS USD, chilm 17% tdng ngan sach chinh phil. Theo Hang Thdng tin WAM cda UAE, trong thap ky tdi, AI sS dugc sir dyng nham tae ddng den chuyen ddi nen kinh te toan ciu, vdi udc tinh, din nam 2030, AI cd thl ddng gdp gin 16 nghin ty USD cho nen kinh tl toan ciu va 14% cho GDP ciia UAE - la nai cd ddng gdp GDP ldn nhit a Trung Dong". Dimg nhu nhirng gi ma Qudc vucmg Zayed, ngudi sang lap ra qude gia UAE ndi
"Giao due ngudi dan la tai san quy gia. Chiing toi ty hao la qudc gia cd giao dye bdi chi cd thdng qua tri thitc va khoa hgc, chiing ta mdi md ra chan trdi eiia tuang lai huy hoang".
Tgp chl nghien ciru CHAU PHI &. TRI SC DONG SO 12(172) thang 12/2019
Nguyen Xuan Bach Giao due vi sU phat then beri^QSJ:-.
Chd thieh:
' Dai sijquan Viet Nam tai UAE
• UAE Population Statistics.lnfographic. Globalniediainsight.com
•' Thong ke cua Lien Hgp Quoc nam 2017
* Pew Research Centers Religion & Public Life Project: United Arab Emirates. Retrieced "^1 September 2013.
' UAE's economic sectors, nation sencyclopedia.com
^ Solieukinhte.com, GDP ciia UAE va GDP/ngircri ciia UAE
' Giao sir Nguyen Hoang Tri - Chii tjch Uy ban MAB Viet Nam, Giao dgc vi phat trien b£n viJng - mpt each nhin mai, 28/11/2017, http://mabvietnam.com,
* Tran Hau, UAE c6 phucmg phap giao due tot hang dau th6 giai, Giao dgc va Thcri dai, 27/11/2018 ' MOE, govemment.ae
'° Sustainable Development Goals of UAE, govemment.ae.
" Tran Hau, UAEco phucmg phap giao due tot hang dau th^ gioi, Giao due vaThai d^i, 27/11/2018 '- UNESCO Institute of Statistics
'^ Anh Thu. UAE Thanh Lap Dai Hpc Tri Tu? Nhan T90 Dau Tien Tren Th6 Giai, Tin tuc kinh te hang ngay, 25/10/2019
Tai lieu tham khao
1. Tran Hau. UAE c6 phucmg phap giao due t6t hang diiu the giai, Giao dgc va Thoi dai, 27/11/2018 2. Giao su Nguyen Hoang Tri - Chu tjch U\ ban MAB Viet Nam, Giao due vi phat tri^n bSn virng - mot each minh mai, 28/11/2017, http://mabvietnam.com
3. Thu Minh, UAE thanh l§p Dai hpc Tri tu? Nhan tao dau tien tren th6 giai, Bao The giai&Viet Nam 23/10/2019.
4. Minh Khue. Tham vpng ciia UAE khi thanh lap Dai hpc Tri tu? Nhan tao, Canh sat toan cau online 28/10/2019.
5. ACTVET, Department of Education and Knowledge, Ministry of Education, United Arab Emirates School Inspection Framework
6. Dina O.Faidi. How Might Education Policy in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) Support Education for Sustainable Development Programme"^. Working Papers Series: Intemational and Global Issues f
Research. No 2016/5, December 2016. "'' 7. Ministry of Education, The Ministry of Education Strategy 2010-2020 Aiming at Accomplisl "
Score of 10/10 in All of Its Initiatives. ^ " " ^ ^
