mai triTomg va phat trien ben vilkig
HUQing tflfi nen Kinh te xanh vi muc tieu phat trien ben virng
O NGUYfiN SONG TUNG
Vien Nghiin cicu mdi trudng vd Phdt trien bin vdng
rW^di gian qua, Viet Nam phdt triin kinh te chu yeu dua vdo khai m thdc tdi nguyin, xudt khdu nguyin liiu thd... khii'n cho chdt J^ lucmg mdi trudng ngdy cdng xudng cdp. Trudc thuc trgng trin, chiing ta cdn tdi cdu trde nin kinh tetheo hudng "xanh hda "- phdt trien mdt nin "Kinh ti xanh". Phdt trien cdc ngudn nang lugng mdi vd xdy dirng mdt ngdnh cdng nghiep "carbon thdp" dithdc ddy phdt trien kinh tiphdt triin bin vOng.
Phat tridn Kinh te xanh d Viet Nam
Tiem nang, thfi' manh ciia nudc la la vj tri dja ly ndm trung tdm Chdu A, mdt chau luc dugc danh gia la dang va se phat trie'n nang ddng nha't thd gidi. Thifin nhifin uu dai vdi bd bidn dai, nhidu anh ndng, cd nhidu vjnh, bai bien va dao tuyet dep, noi ndo xa bifi'n thi ed niii rCmg, sdng nudc. Chiing ta cd vung khi hau dac trung nhiet ddi va cdn dn ddi vi thd san vat rd't da dang, phong phii.
Ndn ndng nghifip va cdng nghifip dang phat tridn rd't a'n tugng vdi nhidu san phdm diing trong Top 5 the gidi hoac Top 10 nhu da gidy, may mac, san phdm trang tri ndi thdt... Chung ta cd ndn ehi'nh tri dn djnh, xa hdi than thifin, thudn nhd't va ngudi ddn dn hda. Ddy la nhihig lgi thd ma khdng phai qudc gia nao cung ed duge.
Ndu chung ta bidt ddy nhGng
tidm nang va the' manh dd Ifin vdi hinh anh, ihuong hieu mang gia tri dae trung cua Vifit Nam, sd'ng ddng, ha'p dan thi hieu qua ciia ndn kinh te se rdt ldn.
Tii tdt ca cdc tidm nang va thd manh nhu trfin, Vifit Nam hoan loan cd thd hudng tdi mdt ndn Kinh te xanh. Khdng cd nhidu qud'c gia tren thfi' gidi hdi du cac ye'u td dd cd thd trd thanh mdt ndn Kinh te xanh "cd tdm co" va khdng cd nhidu qud'c gia cd sdn ede lgi thd nhu Vifit Nam.
Cac hoat dong khuyen khich Viet Nam hien cd 88 trifiu ngudi, diing thii 13 trfin the gidi, 30% ddn sd Viet Nam dang sd'ng d dd thj vd tang Ifin 60% vao nam 2050. Didu nay se keo theo nhu cdu tifiu thu nang lugng cua Vifit Nam se rdt eao. Theo tinh loan cua nganh difin, de'n nam 2030 miic tifiu thu difin/ddu ngudi nude ta chi mdi bang 1/2 san lugng difin dugc lieu thu eua Han Qud'c
vao nam 1996. Tuy nhifin, khdng phai vi the ma Viet Nam phat trien bang mgi gia ma se tap trung khuyfi'n khich uu tien phat tridn Kinh te xanh.
Phat tridn kinh te d Viet Nam thdi gian qua dua nhidu vao khai thde tai nguyfin, xuat khdu nguyen lieu thd va so chfi'.
Phat tridn bdn viing mac dii la chu truong ldn nhung chua dugc thuc hifin triet dd. Xu the phat tridn xanh trfin thd gidi md ra eo hdi cho Viet Nam cd thd
"ddn ddu" di thing vao phat tridn Kinh te xanh, song cilng tao ra thdch thiic tut hdu xa hon nfi'u khdng ndm bdt duge co hdi. Viet Nam mdi bat ddu lam quen vdi xu thfi' nay vdi mdt sd it cac du dn nang lugng xanh da dugc tridn khai d dang thir nghifim, Vifit Nam cung dang tie'n hanh dudn 3R (Reduee- giam thidu, Reuse-tai sir dung, Recycle-tai chfi') dugc qud'c td danh gia rat cao.
Tai n g u y d n VQ M d i t r u d n g | Ky2-Thiing 6/2012 4 7
Trong Chie'n lugc phat tridn kinh tc - xa hgi giai doan 2011 2020, Chi'nh phii Vifit Nam nhdn manh chu truong phdt tridn nhanh gdn lifin vdi phdt trifi'n bdn viing, thiic ddy tdng trudng kinh td di ddi vdi thuc hifin tifi'n bd, cdng bang xa hdi va BVMT, vd hifin nay Chinli phu dang ddy manh tifi'n dd xfly dung chicii lugc phat iridn xanh dfi'n nam 2020. '"Ndi ham then chdt cua ndn Kinh id xanh id phai bao ldn dugc thifin nhifin cho cdc thd hfi mai sau, BVMT.
sir dung nhiing ngudn nang lugng sach, giam phu thudc vdo nhifin lieu hda thach...".
Vifit N;im cd thd bdi ddu phdt trifiu kinh tc xanh vdi ITnh vuc san xud't ndng nghifip - vd'n dang Id uu thd cua Viet Nam trfin thj Irudng thd gidi. Bdng each qu\ hoach Iai quy md trdng Ilia, tang cudng sir dung nhirng san phdm thud'c bao ve thuc vat thdn thien vdi mdi irudng. Chi'nh phii Viet Nam cdn cd nhiing chi'nh sach manh me hon trong viec thiic ddy va khuyfi'n khich phat trifi'n san xudt difin gid va dien mat trdi va ddn ddn dua cdng nghifip nang lugng sach ddng vai trd chii dao trong nganh nang lugng. Cdng nghfi iing diing trong khai thdc nhifin Ueu hda thach vd difin hat nhdn khdng nfin dugc dat thanh trgng tdm trong tuong lai bdi su hiiu ban va ydu td riii ro cua nd. Vi vay, Viet Nam nfin ddu tu cho cac ngudn nang lugng tai lao vi day la mdt trong nhiing cdeh giup giai quyfi't vd'n de tang nhu cdu nang lugng. Rifing trong ITnh vuc nang lugng, hifin Viet Nam se danh nhidu uu dai dac bifit vd vd'n ddu tU, thufi', phi, ha tdng
ddt dai, hd trg gid difin... cho cdc nhd doanh nghifip ddu tu vao phdt tridn nang lugng sach.
Mgt so khuyen n^hj chinh siich
Thd nhd't, kinh nghifim cho ihd'y phai iridn Kinh id xanh Id mdt qua trinh Idu dai, thdm chi trudc mdi chua thd dem lai Igi I'ch. nfin cac nudc ddu cd chifi'n lugc phdt tridn xanh dai han gdn vdi chie'n luoc pli:ii tridn chung, kfi't hop clAii tu Idn ciiii Chi'nh phu. Do dd, Kd hoach tdng Ihd ve phdi irifi'n kinh td - xa hdi cdn:
Philn anh dugc muc tifiu va chie'n lugc phat iridn chung ciia ndn kmh td vdi nhiing uu lifin danh cho nhiing nganh ed anh hudng ddc bifit quan trgng tdi tinh trang viec lam vd GDP, ddng ihcrt tao ra lgi ich mdi trudng dang kd va rd rfit. Cdc ITnh vuc theo thii tu uu tien cd thd la phat tridn ndng nghifip ben viing, xdy dung he thdng giao thdng bfin viing xdy dung cac tda nha hifiu qua, khai thdc, sir dung ngudn nang lugng lai tao, san xuat va quan Iy sii dung ngudn nude sach, dd ihj hda, xdy dimg co so ha ldng sinh thdi va phat tridn du ljch. Tdp imng ngdn sach ddu tu cho cac khu vuc kinh td theo quy hoach phdt tridn.
Thic hai, didu chinh va xa\
dung he thd'ng ludt phap phCi hgp vdi ldp quan qud'c gia va phij hgp vdi thdng Ifi qud'c td theo xu hudng phdt trien Kinh te xanh. Hfi thd'ng phap ly todn difin vd cu thd se la eo sd td't cho vifie dua ra cdc chinh sdch quan Iy phat tridn kinh te phu hgp d eac cd'p, cac nganh. Vd viee nay, hgc hdi kinh nghifim cua cac nudc di trudc Id didu rd't can thifi't.
Thd ba, tdn dung cdc gdi kich thich kinh tdde ddu tucho ede khu vuc Kinh te xanh va tai CO ed'u ndn kinh id. Bdn canh dd, Chi'nh phii cdn cd nhiing bifin phdp chi'nh sdch nhdm thu hiit ddu tu lir khu viSc tu nhdn, khu vue nudc ngoai, hd trg v6 ky thudt cung nhu tai chfnh tu- cdng ddng qudc id cho eac khu vuc Kinh id xanh.
Thd tic. bfin eanh viec c6 ehinh sdch hd trg va khuydn khich khu vuc lu nhdn ddu tu vao cac nganh, ITnh vuc Kinh id xanh. cdn quydt lifil hon trong vifie BVMT, dua chi phi bao ve va khdi phuc mdi irudng vao cdn dd'i linh loan khi quyfi'l djnh ddu tu. Quy hoach hoae phfi duyfil cac du an ddu tu phat trie'n. Tdng bude ndng cao cac lifiu chudn cdng nghfi, mdi irudng, ddng thdi tang cudng quan ly chuydn giao vd nhdp khdu cdng nghfi, nhd't la khi mdt sd nudc tranh thu co hdi lai ccr cau kinh te dd di chuyfin cdng nghfi lac hdu va gdy d nhifim mdi trudng ra ngoai (thep, xi mang, hda ehd't dde hai...).
Thd nam. tang cudng ddu tU vao boat ddng nghifin cihi va phat tridn (R&D), dac bifit id cac nghifin ciiu thudc cdc hnh vuc cdng nghfi sinh hgc, cdng nghfi sinh khdi, nang lugng thay thd.
Mat khac, Chinh phu can dua ra cac chi'nh sach khuye'n khfch boat ddng hgp tac qud'e tfi' trong nghifin ciiu va phat tridn, tidp nhan eac cdng nghe hien dai ciia cac qud'c gia tren the gidi. Chii trgng dao tao ngudn nhdn luc ddp ling duge nhu cdu lao ddng, ca vd sd lugng, ehd't lugng, d cac khu vuc kinh te dugc md rdng va cde nganh mdi phdt tridn ciia ndn Kinh te xanh.B
4 8 Toi nguyen vd M6i truong | Kjf 2-Thing 6/2012
