T H U C H I E N NGHI QUYET D A I H O I X I C O A O A N G V E C O N G T A C LAO D O N G - X A H Q I
H ,01 DONG TIEN LUONG QUOC GIA VIET NAM-
IXAC OINH TIEN Ll/ONG TOI THIEU THEO CO CHE BA BEN
Gyorgy Sziraczhi,
Gidm doc Van phong Td chuc Lao d^ng Quoc le (ILO) lpi Vifl Nam Tai sao th&nh lap Hoi dong t i l n lUdng qudc gia
tai v i d t Nam theo ca chd ba bdn?
Hdi ddng tien lUOng quoc gia dUpc t h i n h l i p theo quy djnh eua Bd luat Lao ddng n3m 2012, Nghi djnh sd 49/2013/NO-CP n g i y 14/5/2013 cda Chinh phu quy djnh chi tidt thi hanh mdt sd didu cua Bd l u i t Lao ddng vd tien laong, Quyet djnh sd 1055/QD-TTg n g l y 03/7/2013 eda Thd tudng Chinh phCi va Quydt dmh sd 1014/QB-LBTBXH ngay 9/7/2013 cua Bd trUdng Bd Lao ddng - Thaong binh va Xa hdi. Day la quydt t l m Idn eda Viet Nam n h i m tidp tue ddi mdi ehinh sach tidn luong theo kinh te thj trudng, phu hpp vdi qua trinh hot nhip, p h i t huy vai trd, sU ddng thuan cda elc bdn dai dien cd quan Chinh phd, ngudi iao ddng v l ngUdi sCfdung lao ddng tham gia vao qua trinh xlc dinh v l didu chinh mUc IUdng tdi thieu vung I p dung trong doanh nghidp.
Ppi ddng tidn luong qudc gia tong cpng cd 15 t h i n h vien: 5 thanh vidn dai dien ngudi lao ddng, 5 thanh vidn dai dien ngudi sU dung lao ddng va 5 t h i n h vien tCr Bd Lao ddng - Thuong binh va Xa hdi (LD-TBXH). Thanh phan tham gia p h i n anh sd lUOng dai dien ngang nhau eho ba ben trong Hdi dong. Su tham gta cua cic dai dien Chinh phu trong H6i ddng sd gidp Chinh phu thuc hidn cam ket duy tri tien lUdng tdj thidu vdi t u d e h I I mdt cO che b l o vd ngudi lao ddng n h l n mUc luong thap nhlt.
ChUe n l n g ehinh eda Hdi ddng Tien lUOng qudc gia I I t u v a n cho Chinh phu vd didu chlnh, cdng bd mUc luong tdi thidu vung. Odng thdi thuc hien nhUng nhidm vu sau:
- Phin tich tinh hinh kinh te - xa hdi, mUc sdng dan c\i de x l c dinh, dU b l o nhu eau sdng tdi thieu cda ngUdi lao ddng v l gia dinh hp; danh g i l tinh hinh thifc hien mUc luong tdi thieu vung, mdc tien luong trdn thj trudng lao ddng va k h i nang chi t r i cua doanh nghidp dd xay dung va khuyen nghi vdi Chinh phd phuong I n tien lUOng toi thieu vung hang nam v l \iSr\q thdi ky.
- Nghien cUu, khuyen nghi vdi Chinh phu mdc laong tdi thieu theo gidi I p dung ddi vdi mdt sd nghe, edng vide khdng thadng xuydn hole l l m vide khdng tron thdi gian.
-Td chUc r l soat, d i n h g i l vide phan vung dja ban I p dung mUc IUdng tdi thieu viJng de khuyen nghj vdi
LE RA MAT
hNGTffiNLirdNG QUOC GIA
; CEEEMOXY OF XATIOXAl WAGE COUNCIL
dng Gyorgy Sziraczki phdi biiu tai Li ra mat Hoi dong tiin luong quoc gia.
Chinh phd dieu chinh, bd sung phan vung dja b i n I p dung mdc lUOng tdi thidu vung.
- Khio sat thue tien, nghidn cdu kinh nghidm nude ngoai de n l n g cao nang lUc va hieu q u i tUvan, khuyen nghj ve tien lUdng tdi thieu.
- Nghien cdu, tU van cac van Ae lidn quan den chinh sach tien lUOng theo ydu cau cda Chinh phu, Thu tudng Chinh phu.
Bp luat Laoddng mdi nam 2012 quy dinh "Can cU vao nhu eau song tdi thieu cda ngudi lao ddng va gia dinh hp, dieu kien kinh te - xa hdi v l mdc tidn lUdng tren thi trudng lao ddng, Chinh phu cdng bd mdc luong tdi thidu vung tren cO sd khuyen nghj cua Hdi ddng tien lUdng qudc gia".
Vide thanh lap eo che xac djnh tien luong tdi thieu theo CO che ba bdn (Chinh phu, ngudi lao ddng v l ngUdi sd dung lao ddng) tai Viet Nam I I vide thda n h l n tam quan trpng cda vide ngudi lao ddng va ngudi sd dung lao ddng tham gia vao q u i trinh x l c dinh tien luong tdi thieu.
Trong hon 15 nam qua, Chinh phu Viet Nam da ddng vai trd tidn quyet trong vide xac djnh tien laong tdi thieu mac du cac td chCfc eua ngudi lao ddng v l ngudi sd dung lao ddng A\saQ mdi tham van y kien motcdch riing biet. Hdi ddng tien luong qudc gia hien nay hoat ddng dUa tren casdba ben cung dua ra quyet djnh - ngudi lao dong, ngudi sCrdung lao dong vd Chinh phu - va d c mdc tien lUOng tdi thidu vung dUpc thda
TAP CHi LAO D 6 N G V A X A H 6 I - 36 4d0 CtaOl-15/8/2013)
THI/C Hk^N NGHI QUY^t D/U H O I XI C O A O A N G V ^ CdNG T A C I A S UUN(a - 3 U H ^ I
thuan dupe dua trdn co sd thuang luang vd ddm phdn.
Day l i q u i trinh x i y dung v i di ddn ddng t h u i n , m^t ydu td quan trpng gid' eho quan hd lao ddng h l i hda, gidp thde day d l u tU, t i n g trUdng v l p h i t tri^n.
Hdi ddng tidn luong qude gia eung eho phdp d c td ehdc cda ngudi lao ddng v i ngudi sCf dung lao ddng l l m vide mdt d c h chu ddng hon khi x l y dt;ng d c dd x u l t dieu chinh tien lUOng tdi t h i l u , nhufng dd x u l t n l y se p h i n I n h d c nhu c l u v l mdi quan t l m cda t h i n h vien v l d c ddi tUpng chiu I n h hudng trpc tidp bdi tien lUOng tdi thidu. Vd thdng qua thuong IU(?ng, tiin luang tdi thiSu se dupc dieu chlnh tgi mdc phu hpp giup cdn bdng Ipi (ch cua ngudi lao ddng vd ngudi sd dung lao ddng.
Chinh phd ddng vai trd d i e bidt quan trong trong hoat ddng cua Hdi ddng tidn luong Qudc gia. Chinh phd khdng chl la "kidn trdc su vd thd chd" trong vide x i y dUng khudn khd tdng the cho cie eude thuong luong vd tien lUdng m l edn l i e d quan "duaraehuong trinh nghj sU", l i ddn vj
"eung cap thdng tin v l sd lieu tlidng kd" v i l i bdn "dieu phdi, ho trp"
thde day ddi thoai v i thuong lupng.
Ngoai ra, hoat ddng cda Hdi dong tien luong qude gia se cho phep thu thap v l phan tieh sd lieu thdng kd ve tidn luong mdt each hd thdng
hdn, dieu nay cd vai trd rat quan trpng trong vide xac dinh tidn lUOng tdi thieu.
Nhufng thach thufc cor b i n tfoi vdi hoat d o n g cue Hdi tfong t i d n lUtfng qu6c gia
- Hoat ddng eda Hdi ddng ndn tim cich h l i hda hda vdi ydu cau cua Bd LD-TBXH trong ehuln bj dU t h i o Nghi djnh ve mde tien luong tdi thidu vung v i gdi eho cac Bd n g l n h khic de ddng gdp y kien trade khi d c mUc Iuong n l y dUpc quydt djnh.
- Can cd nang lUc thdng kd va p h i n tich de hd tro ddi thoai dUa tren elc can eU khoa hpc.
- Can p h l i thde day vide thUe hien mdc tidn luong tdi thieu vung. Didu n i y ddi hdi p h l i cd hanh ddng t d nhieu phia va hoat ddng hidu q u i eua thanh tra lao ddng.
- Tang cudng n l n g lpc ky t h u i t elc td ehdc eua ngudi lao ddng v l ngudi lao ddng de hp cd the tham gia mdt d c h hidu q u i v i o hoat ddng cOa Hdi ddng.
IMot so can n h i c b o sung de Hoi d d n g t i 4 n lUcmg quoc gia hoat dong hieu q u i
Ai nhdn mdc tien luang toi thieu: moi lien hi gida tien luang toi thiiu vd tien luang trung blnh?
Tidn luong tdi thidu tai Viet Nam cd xu hadng dapc sCf dung n h u I I "tidn lUdng cd b i n " (hole "tidn luong tham khio") dd tinh eac mtfc tidn luong khae nhau eho d c nhdm lao ddng k h i c nhau. CIc mdc tien lUdng n l y cdn dupc sif dung l l m cdsd tinh t o l n trong hd thdng an sinh xa hdi v l khu vue cdng. Tuy nhidn, thpc td n l y h o i c eieh h i l u nhU v l y vd tien luong t6l thidu n g i y e i n g ft phd bidn hon tai Vidt Nam, d i e biet I I khi vide didu chlnh tidn luong tdi thidu cda khu vifc s i n x u l t kinh doanh d i duoc t i e h ra khdi vide dieu ehinh tidn lUdng trong khu vde cdng trong bdi cinh ndn kinh td thi trudng dang n g i y e i n g p h i t tridn.
Tidn luong tdi thidu thudng dapc eoi ll"mUc luong sln"theo dd tidn luong khdng dupe t r i t h l p hdn mifc nly. Vdi cieh tidp c i n n l y tidn lUOng tdi thieu ehd ydu cd lidn quan tdi nhdm lao dpng ydu the n h l t v i c6 ehUc n l n g cung d p mdt mUc sdng tdi thidu cho ho, trong khi dd ngudi lao ddng hudng mdc luang trung binh tren thi trudng TlEu CHl Q U Y £ T D I N H M U C L U O N G T d i T H i f U (Khuydn n g h l s6 135
ciia ILO)
Khi quyet djnh mijrc liTcmg t6\ I h i j u cin p h i i liAi y l d i ciic tt£u IhiiTc sau, ciing vdri c i c tieu thOrc k h i c :
a) Nhu c i u cua ngirjri lao d d n g v i gia dinh ho;
b) MUc lifcAig chung t r o n g c i nu'drc;
c) Chi phf sinh hoat vjk c i c thay 66\ ve chi p h i sinh hoat;
d) Cic phiic Iol an sinh x& h 6 l ;
e) Mi}c sdng ti/omg quan c&a c i c nhom xa hoi k h i c ; f) Cic y£u t d kinh ti, bao g d m c i c i c yeu cau p h i t t r i l n k i n h ti;
nang suat v i k h i n i n g dat dUcrc h o i c duy t r i t ^ 1^ vide l i m cao.
si thuang lupng tien luang vdi ngudi sO dung lao ddng thong qua thuang luang tdp the hodc thuang luang cd nhdn.
Tiiu thde xdc dinh tien luang toi thiiu:
Nhidm vu quan trpng cua Hdi ddng phli cu the hda v l dat dupc si^
ddng t h u i n vd danh muc nhUng tieu thUc ap dung d3 x i e djnh tidn luong tdi thieu n h i m d i m b l o tinh nhat q u i n v i ddng bd trong vide didu chlnh tidn luong t6i thieu.
Tren thuc te, cd ba tieu thde r i t quan trpng bao gdm:
- Chi phi sinh hoat tdi thieu (hole ngudng ngheo ddt) p h i n anh thay ddi cua g i l c l sinh hoat (vi du, CPI)
-Tien luong trung binh - N i n g suat lao ddng
Chinh phd v i elc ddi tac xa hdi c i n p h l i thong n h l t vd each tinh chi phi sinh hoat tdi thieu. Oiy la mdt trong ele ndi dung hoat ddng can p h l i ddpc Hdi ddng du tidn h l n g d l u de eie phien hpp thUong lupng ed the dien ra dUa tren eo sd thdng tin day du.
€>ai dien cua ngUdi lao ddng vd ngUdi sddung lao dgng cdn dupc tdp hudn di cd the xdy dung c i c ly Id/
d e de xuat thuydt phuc ve tidn luong tdi thi^u va tham gia mdt elch hieu qua hon vao cac phidn hop thuong lupng t h l t . •
TAP CHf LAO D O N G V A X A H O I - S6 460 (tCr 01-15/8/2013)
