MOT SO VI TO Sir, DANH
T A N GTIEU BIEU TRONG SON MON PHAT GIAO TE XUYEN -
BAO KHAM 6 TINH HA NAM
NGUYEN SYHU>^G^'
Tom tdt: Cdc the fie tii nhiing vi To sii, Hoa thiiOng cho tdi nhiing vi Tddi^ Danh tdng da lan luat duy tri, md mang, phdt tnen Sdn mdn, tii do Son mon the hien duac vi tri, vai tro nhM dinh dot vdi sU nghi&p hodng dUOng Phat phdp. Bdi vie't k/idi qudt ve cdc the he truyen ddng vd ToduJc Danh tang Sdn mdn Te Xuyen - Bdo Khdm vd neu vai tro cua mot so'vi To sii, Danh tdng tieu bieu trong Sdn mon ndy dot vdi Dao phdp.
Tu! khoa: To sU Danh tdng; Sdn mdn Phat gido; Sdn mdn Te Xuyen - Bdo Khdm.
Abstract: Masters and leading monks in Te Xuyen - Bao Kham branch of Buddhism have significantly contributed to the development of local Buddhism. This article gave an overview of masters in Te Xuyen - Bao Kham branch of Buddhism and their contributions to the development of Buddhism,
Keywords: Master;guru; Buddhist branch; Te Xuyen - Bao Kham.
Ngdy nhan bdi: 15/3/2019; Ngdy sHa bdi: 10/4/2019; Ngdy duyet ddng bdi: 26/4/2019.
1. Dat van d i
Sdn mdn Te Xuyen - Bao Kham la ndi phat xud't cua nhiiu dang tang tai, nhflng bac Tung lam thach tru cua Phat giao Viet Nam. Cac the' he tfl nhflng vi To sU, Hda thupng cho tdi nhflng vi Td dflc Danh tang da lan Mdt duy tri, md mang, phat trien Sdn mdn; t i do, Sdn mdn the hien dupc vi tri, vai tro nha't dinh doi vdi sfl nghigp hoing dfldng Phat phap. Hay ndi each khac, nhle de'n qua trinh phat trien e i a Sdn mdn Te Xuyen - Bao Kham thi khdng the khdng ke dg'n vai trd e i a cac vi To su va Danh tang ma chu yg'u tap trung vao phai Tang bp - nhflng vi dai dien tieu bieu da ludn gin gifl nin ne'p Sdn mdn, dly manh hoIng dfldng Phat phap va dong hdnh eung vdi nhflng thang t r i m e i a dan tpc.
Q ] NHAN LUC KHOA HOC XA HOI
2. Khai quat ve the hg truyen dang va To dflc Danh tang Sofn mon Te Xuyen - Bao Kham
2.1. Lich dgi To sU, Hoa thUdng tru tri Sdn mdn TeXuyen - Bdo Khdm
Be nhdt Thien td: Nam md Dieu Hanh thdp Hdi Yen Hong An Ma ha Sa mon Tich Vien Tie Te td sU (1790 - 1864). Tieh Vien Tfl Te To sfl la dg nha't Thien td khai Sdn chua T i Xuyen Bao Kham. Su la mdn nhan ddi thfl 40 Thiin phai Lam Te ddng Linh Quang Nguyet Dudng, la de t i nra phap eia Td sU Hai Tam Khoan Hoa - De nhi Thien td chua Hai TMen Hdng An. To sU hp Dd, ngudi xa Hflu Loe, huydn Thfl Tri, tinh Thai Binh.
Be Nhi to: TU Tue thdp, iing vien hdu
" Hoc yien cao hoc Khoa Ton giao hoc. Hoc vien Khoa hoc xa hoi.
sti 5-2019
NGUYEN SY HUNG hoc Chieu Chi Thich Khdng Khong Td sit
(? - 1890). To sfl Chieu Chi, con goi la Thanh Chi, la mon nhan ddi thfl 41 Thien phai Lam Te Linh Quang Nguyet Dfldng thupc Hai phai Hong An. To nm den ddi thfl 2 chtia T^ Xuyen Bao Kham, la de tfl cua To de nh& Tich Vien Tfl Tg', nguyen quan cung qu§ vdi To sfl 6 xa Hflu Loc huyto Thfl Tri tinh Thai Binh, ho Nguyen.
Be tam Thien td: Tinh Quang thdp Ma ha Sa mon PhdTu Thich Hoan Hodn Luat sit Nhuc thdn Bo tdt (1844 - 1926). Sa mon Pho Tu la mdn nhan Thien phai Lam Te Linh Quang Nguyet Dfldng ddi thfl 41, kiem thu mdn nhan Hai phai Hong An va Bao Kham. To sfl ndi ddn ddi thfl 3 chua Bao Kham ho Doan, ngfldi xa Qu^n Phfldng Trung huyen Hai Hau phu Xuan Trfldng tinh Nam Dinh. To Pho' Tu xua't gia theo Thien sfl Chieu Sy d chiia xa Quan Phfldng, xudng toe xong thi len chua Long Dpi vdi Tdn sfl Van Cu roi ve sau nfldng vao to thfl tfl chua Hdng An - tflc To sfl noi den ddi thfl 2 chua Bao Kham:
Hoa thfldng Chieu Chi.
Be Tii td: Huang Vdn thdp - tu Thong Hi§n - Thich Dodn Hdi hieu Minh Diic to SI/(1874 -1958). De Tfl to' Thich Doan Hai la th^ h$ thfl 4 to dinh Te Xuyen, the danh la Dfldng Van Hi^n, que d Mai Xa, huyen Ly NhSn, tinh Ha Nam. Ngai quy y thp gidi vdi Sfl to' De nhi, sau dd tiep tuc nhan dfldc sfl diu d i t cila Hda thfldng Pho' Tu - huynh trfldng cua Ngai, roi Hoa thfldng Nguyen Bieu chua Bd D l (Ha Npi), rdi Hoa thfldng Thanh Hanh chua Vinh Nghiem (Bac Giang).
Be Ngu td: Chdn ThUc thdp, tU Thong Boan Thich Thien Bdn td sU (1884 1962). Hda thfldng Thich Thien Ban thupc the he thfl 4 to dinh Te Xuyen, the' sds-zoig
danh Hoang Ngpc Thu, que d lang Tfl Mac, huyen Y Yen, tinh Nam Dinh. Ngai thp gidi Sa di tai chua Bd De do Hda thfldng Quang Gia lam Hoa thfldng gidi dan, sau do theo hpc die phap ndi Hoa thfldng Pho' Tu.
Keddng ddi thiC sdu: HUng Ddng thdp - tu Tdm Thieu Thich Hdi Trieu Hoa thuang (1910 - 1982). Hoa thfldng Thich Hai Trieu thupc the he thfl 5 to' dinh Te Xuyen, hp Nguydn, que d xa Hoang Dong, huyen Duy Tien, tinh Ha Nam.
Ke dang diii thii bdy: Nhdn Hoa thdp - tu Diic Hanh - Thich Nguyen Trdc (Thanh Trdc) Hoa thuang (1922 2001). Hoa thfldng Thich Nguyen Trac thupc thd' he thfl 6 to' dinh Te Xuyen, que d xa Hda Lac, huyen Duy Tien, tinh Ha Nam.
Hien nay, Dai dflc Thich Quang Te dang thay mat sdn mdn trong coi chua Te Xuyen - Bao Kham. Dai dflc la de tfl cua Hda thuong Thich Nguyen Trac, thudc the he thfl bay to' dinh Te Xuyen.
2.2. Td diic, Danh tdng San mon Te Xuyen - Bda Khdm
Su td Thich Thdng Tap - phdp hieu Duy Tien - thdp hieu Hoa Binh (1889 - 1976).
Sfl to' Thich Thdng Tap thupc the he thfl 4 to' dinh Te Xuyen, phap tfl to' De tam.
Ngai hp Nguyin, que d xa Mai Xa, huyen Ly Nhan, tinh Ha Nam.
Bai ldo Hoa thUOng Thich Tdm An phdp hieu Tit Tui • thdp hieu Phd Dong (1892 - 1982). Hoa thupng Thich TSm An thupc the he thfl 4 to' dinh Te Xuyen, hpc tro die phap To' Dd tam. Ngai ho Dao, sinh ra trong mpt gia dinh ndng dan ngheo vung que Nam Dinh. Ngai xua't gia tai chua Pho' Quang va tflng theo hpc Hda thupng Thich Khai Quyen trfldc khi thu gidi Cu tuc tai gidi dan Te Xuyen - Bao
NHAN LUG KHOA HOC XAHOI Q
Kham, do Sfl to' Phd' Tu lam Dfldng dau truyen gidi.
Dai ldo Hoa thuang Thich Thong Ban - phdp hieu Nhdn Hoa thdp hiiu Hdi Nhdn (1901 1998). Hda thfldng Thich Thong Ban thuoc the he thfl 4 to' dinh Te Xuyen, hp Dang, la phap tfl To' De tam Thich Phd' Tue.
Dai ldo Hoa thUOng Thich Tri Hdi - tU Thanh Thao thdp hieu Thanh Minh (1906 - 1979). Hda thfldng Thich Tri Hai thupc the he thfl 5 to dinh Te Xuyen, phap tfl Sfl to' Thich Thdng Dung (chua Mai Xa, huyen Ly Nhan, tinh Ha Nam). Hda thfldng thd' danh la Doan Thanh Tao, que d lang Quan Phfldng Trung, huyen Hai Hau, tinh Nam Dinh. Ngai dfldc Sfl cu Thanh Dfldng hfldng dan, chi bao trfldc khi chinh thflc nhap dao dfldi sfl day dd trflc tie'p cua Tdn sU Thich Thong Dung.
Dai ldo Hoa thUOng Thich Tdm Tich - phdp hieu NhU San - thdp hieu Cao Phong (1915 - 2005). Hda thflpng Thich Tam Tich thudc the he thfl 5 to' dinh Te Xuyen, phap tfl Sfl to' Thich Thien Ban. Hda thfldng the danh la Nguyin Dinh Khue, cha me d tai phd' Hpi Binh, tinh Yen Bai (nay la phfldng Hdng Ha, thanh phd Yen Bai, tinh Yen Bai). Ngai tiing theo hoc Hda thflpng Thich Thanh Hanh chua Quan Sfl, Thich Doan Hai chua Te Xuyen, Thich Thidn Ban chua Cao Da (Ly Nhan, Ha Nam), To' Tue Tang chua Quan Sfl.
Dai ldo Hoa thUOng Thich Tdm Nguyen • phdp hieu Tinh Cdn - thdp hieu Nam Binh (1917 1990). Hda thfldng Thich Tam Nguyen la the he thfl 5 to' dinh Te Xuyen, phap tfl sfl td Thich Doan Hai. Hda thfldng the danh la Pham Van Quy, que d xa Binh Nghia, huyen Binh Luc, tinh Ha Nam.
Q NHAN LUC KHOA HOC XAHOI
Sai ldo Hoa thUOng Thich Tdm Bich (Thanh Bich) - phdp hieu Tri Tinh - thdp higu Phuc Thdng (1912 2013). Hda thfldng Thich Thanh Bich la the he thfl 5 To' dinh Te Xuyen, phap tfl Sfl td' Thich Thong Tap. Hda thfldng the danh la Nguyin Quang Bich, qud d xa Mai Xa, huyen Ly Nhan, tinh Ha Nam. Ngai tiJCng theo hpc Hoa Thfldng Thich Thdng Tid'n (To' Thien Phuc) va Hda thfldng Thich Thdng Toan (To'Ba Da).
TrUdng ldo Hoa thuang Thich Tdm Gidc - hieu Uyen Minh - thdp hieu Chdn Binh (1917 1973). Hda thfldng Thich Tam Giac la the he thfl 6 to' dinh T^
Xuyen, phap tfl Hda thfldng Tri Hai. Hda thfldng the danh la Tr^n Van Quy, sinh ra tai Nam Dinh.
Hoa thuong Thich Thanh Hiing (sinh ndm 1952). Hda thudng Thich Thanh Hflng thupc the he thfl 5 to dinh Te Xuyen Bao Kham, dd tfl cua Hda thflpng Thich Tam An. Hda thfldng the danh la Nguyin Van Hiing, que d xa Minh Khai, huyen Hoai Dflc, Ha Npi.
Ngai xuft't gia nam 16 tud'i, den nam 26 tud'i thp gidi Ty kheo. Ngai dfldc tan phong giao pham Hda thupng nam 2012.
Sau khi Dai lao Hda thfldng Thich Tam Bich (Thanh Bich) vien tich nam 2013, hien nay Hda thflpng dang la ngfldi cd vi tri cao nha't trong Son mon.
Hoa thuang Thich Bdo Nghiem - hieu Nguyen Tinh (sinh ndm 1956). Hda thflpng Thich Bao Nghiem thupc the he thfl 6 Son mdn Te Xuyen - Bao Kham, the danh la Dang Minh Chau, sinh ngay 27 thang 12 nam 1956 tai xa Vu Lang, huyen Tien Hai, tinh Thai Binh. Ngai xua't gia nam 15 tud'i, thp gidi Ty kheo nam 20 tufi.
Hda thflpng Thich Bao Nghiem dupc tan siis-zoig
NGUYEN SY HUNG phong giao phlm Thfldng tpa nam 1997,
Hoa thUdng ndm 2012.
3. Vai tro cua mot so vi To sif, Danh tang tieu b i i u trong scto mon Te Xuyen - Bao Kham doi vdd Dao phap
3.1. Cdc vi Td sU, Danh tdng Sdn mon TeXuyen - Bdo Khdm thUdngxuyen quan tdm den cdng cudc khac in, phien dich kinh sdch
Day la vide lam de lUu gifl dao phap, eho nhan gian dUdng thdi va ldp hdu the CO tai lieu tu tap, hpc hdi. Ngay tfl kM Sdn mon mdi dUdc khai sang, Dg nhd't to Sa mdn Tich Vign da khde in kinh "Kim CUdng", "Nhat tung""". Dg nhi td Chieu CM da cho in tiip kinh "Nhdt tung" ma thay Bdn sU chfla hoan tMen, sau dd cdn cho in bp "Long thU", "Trung tri", "Tang hp", "Sa di dai - tieu"*^'. Tie'p ndi ngpn den xien dUdng cMnh phap, De tam td Phd Tu khic in lai bp "Quy nguyen", khde ndi bd
"Trung tri", khac mdi bp "Ty kheo m sao"
cung cac bp "Di Da vien trung", "Tinh dp".
Sau do, Td De tfl Thdng Hien tie'p tuc san khac kinh dien, luat tang nhfl ban 'Thiin Lam Bao Hud'n", "Tang Hp", "Tam Tang", 'Dia Tang" ma To De tam cdn dang lam dang dd.
Tiip tuc sfl ngMep hodng phap ldi sinh, Su td TMch Thdng Tap da sao chep "Tam tang Thanh didn" tai Vidn Vign Ddng Bac Co di Giao hdi khde ban, in d'n lUu hanh.
Dai lao Hda thupng TMch Tam An cung huynh de da chep bd "Hoa NgMgm sd kinh", sao chep "Ph^m Pho Hiin", chep kinh "Dai Bao Tieh" va Mat "Trung Tri", sao chep bp "Ty kheo ni sao", sao chep Mnh "Dai Bao Tich" va "Thflc Xoa gidi ban" di khac ban a'n hanh, sao chep bp
"T^ kheo ni sao". Khi Trung Udng Hpi Thong nhat Viet Nam md trudng Tu hoc
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Phat phap Trung Udng tai chua Quang Ba (Ha Npi), Ngai la ngUdi de xUdng in bp Nhi khda hdp giai, de Tang - Ni ed sach hpc. De'n the he eia Dai lao Hda thupng TMch Tri Hai, nam 1950, Ngai thinh dupc Dai Tang kinh tfl Nhat Ban de bd sung vao Thfl vign Phat giao tai chua Quan Sfl lam tu lieu ngMen cflu dich thuat eho chfl Tang Ni miin Bdc. Hda thupng cdn sang tac va phien dich nMeu tac pham Phat hpc cdn de lai dupe de'n ngay nay, dd la: Nhap Phat nghi tac, Nghi thflc tung niem, Truygn Phat TMch Ca, Phat hpc Ngu Ngon, Kinh Thap TMgn, Kinh Kiin Chinh, Phat hpe Phd thdng, Phat hpe va'n dap,... De'n Hda thfldng TMch Tam Giac, Ngai cd cdng bidn soan va phien dich nMeu tac phdm Phat giao, vd dao.
3.2. Vai tro to Idn cua cdc vi thiin sU ddi vdi viec khai sdng, md mang, phdt trien nhieu ngdi chita, to dinh trong vd ngodi Sdn mon
De nha't td TMch Tfl T i ed cdng trung tu dien bdu, to thep tfldng vang chua T i Xuyen, chua Quan Nhan khiin ddn chung vung Sdn Nam xfla xa gan deu mg'n mp.
Su to cdn cho due chuong chua T i Xuyen vao nam Canh Tud't (1850) (Van bia Bao Kham tU ky niem tien tu cdng dflc (1937), Sa mon Thanh Hdi dflng). De nhi td TMch Khdng Khdng sia sang eac chua Hai Yen, Thuy Ldi, Te Xuyen, Mai Xa (Bao Kham tfl cung Td khoa, Chua T i Xuyen - Bao Kham, Ha Nam) them phan khang trang, be the. De tam td Thich Hoan Hoan trung tu lai canh chua Te Xuyen, due Thanh tflpng Di Da va Bd Tat Quan Am, The CM vao nam Ky S i u (1889), cho dung gac
'11 Bao Kham tU ciing To khoa, Chua Te Xuyen - Kham, Ha Nam,
''> Bao Kham tU ciing To khoa, Tldd
NHAN LUC KHOA HOC XA HOI Q
chuong, sang lap nha Td, trang nghiem lai dd thd; ddng thdi, cd't dflng giang dfldng, phdng tang h i t thay diu hoan hao vao mua Thu nam Canh Ty (1900). Td la ngfldi khai hda cac chua Lfldng Khg, Nga Khg, Tan Hung, Te Cat, Van Xa, Mai Xa. Nam Mau TMn (1928), To TMch TMen Ban khi a'y tru tri chua T i Xuygn da cho trung tu lai Bao dien. Ngoai ra, Ngai cdn trung tu cac chua: Van Thp (1932), Dien Ban (1936), Dd Quan (1942). Nam 1952, De tfl td TMch Doan Hai da lanh dao sdn mdn trung tu to dinh Te' Xuyen thanh mpt tong lam khang trang, quy md nhU ngdy nay cdn lUu lai. Cac chua Tg' Cat, Nam Xa cCmg dupc Ngai td chic trung tu lai canh tri. Sau khi De tfl td vign tich, De ngu to Thich Thien Ban ke' tuc thd'ng lanh sdn mdn Te' Xuygn - Bao Kham. Kg' dang ddi thfl sau TMch Hai Triiu Hda thupng va kg' dang ddi thfl bay TMch Nguyen Trdc Hda thfldng ngoai tru tri chua Tg' Xuyen cdn kiem tru tri chua Tg' Cat, khdng quen ndi tiip truyen thdng cua cae To dg lai.
Su td TMch Thdng Tap tu sia, trang hoang lai ngdi tam bao cac chua TMen Phuc, Sii (Ha Ndi), Hdi Xa (Ha Tay cu).
Khi tru tri tai chua Quoc Sfl, thi xa Hung ygn Dai lao Hda thupng TMch Tam An chu tdm sia sang canh chfla, thu hut nMiu du khach den li Phdt. Den Hda thupng Thich Tri Hai, du d dau, Hda thupng cflng hit long cMnh trang canh chua de nhdn dan co chua khang trang tu hpc. Nam 1954, tuy da't nfldc luc a'y dang cMa cdt hai mien Nam - Bae, hoan canh khd khan vd eung, dac biet Id ve tai cMnh, song Hda thfldng Tri Hai vdn quyg^ tam xay dUng va hoan ta't chua Phat giao Hai Phong (Chfla Nam Hai). Hda thfldng Tri Hai cung la vi tru tri td dinh Bo De hdn 30 nam.
Q NHAN LUC KHOA HOC XA Hdi
Hda thfldng TMch Tam Tieh nhan trpng trach tru tri chua Cao Da, xa Nhan My, huygn hf Nhan, tinh Ha Nam kM Hda thUdng TMch TMen Ban (Td Cao Da) vien tich vao nam 1962. Nam 1979, Hda thUdng TMch Tam Tich dfldc sdn mdn thinh gifl chflc tru t n to dinh Bo Di (TMgn Sdn cd tieh tfl) thudc xa Bd Bi, huyen Gia Lam (nay la phfldng Bd Di, quan Long Bign), Ha Npi khi Hda thfldng Thich Tri Hai vien tich. Nam 1997, Dai lao Hda thfldng TMch Thdng Ban vign tich, Hda thfldng Tam Tich tiep tuc nhan lanh trach nMem Vien c h i td ^ n h Tg' Xuyen - Bao Kham. Dai lao Hda thupng TMch Tam Nguygn khi tai the tflng tru t n chua Vpng Cung (Nam Dinh) va chua ThUdng Ndng (Ha Nam), chu trpng m6 rpng, sia sang canh chua, khig'n cho ddng dao thap phuong biit den. Trong thdi gian lam tru tri chua Vpng Cung, Ngai vdn danh thi gid cung vdi Tang - Ni Son mon T i Xuyen trdng nom to dinh; ddng thdi, gifl chflc t h i tpa chua Bd De d Gia Ldm*^*.
Dd'i vdi Hda thfldng TMch Tam Bich, de ganh vac trpng trach k i td truyen ddng eia Tong phong Lam Te, nam 1960, sau nMiu nam van du hpc dao, Ngai cflng vdi Tdn su la Td Thien Phue trd v i td dinh Hpi Xa, Thudng Tin, Hd Npi - ndi phat tich cua td Tinh Dupe, Hai Quynh, Tich Truyin, Chiiu Khoan, Phd Tinh, d i duy tri dao mach, ndi tiep den thien tong phong eia td NhU Trflng Ldn Giae"'^\ Tai day, Ngai lam Vien e h i To dinh H6i Xa.
Nam 1966, Ngai sang tru tri chua Dau
'^' Thich Dang Bon (1995J T,4'u s^ danh tang Viet Nam the kypC, Thanh hoi Phat giao T h a n h pho' Hg Chi Minh an hanh, tap 1.
•" Bach khoa toan thut md Wikipedia (2018) "Thich Thanh Bich", <https://vi.wikipedia.ore/ wife!/ Tho^
C3%ADch_Thanh_B%C3%ADch>, (28/10/2018)
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NGUYEN SY HUNG (Thanh Dao tfl) de giup nhan dan ve ddi
sdng tin ngfldng, tam linh. Nam 2005, Dflc dg nhi Phap c h i TMch Tam Tich TrUdng sdn mon T i Xuyen - Bao Kham vign tich, Ngai dUdc sdn mon thinh lam TrU&ig sdn mon cho din khi vign tich.
Truing lao Hda thupng TMch Tam Giac la chu xUdng va vdn dpng thap phUdng tin hflu phat tam cung dudng, xay dUng chua Vinh NgMem. Hoa thupng TMch Bao NgMgm la mot trong nhflng ngfldi thanh lap va CO nMeu cdng hien cho Phat giao Ha Tinh. Dfldi sfl lanh dao trflc tid'p e i a Hoa thupng, cong tac Phat sU da dupc trien khai ddng bp va xuydn sud't. Tinh den nay, Phat giao Ha Tinh ed gan 75 vi Tang Ni dang sinh hoat, hoat dpng ton giao tai eac chua trgn dia ban tinh.
3.3. Cdc vi To sU, Danh tdng cua Sdn mdn Te Xuyen - Bdo Khdm deu Id nhiing vi cao tdng, sudt ddi gia gin phdm hanh, dOe cao dao trgng
De nha't to Tich Vien dupc ca ngdi la vi to sU "Thd Phat tinh ngMem, sdm thiin toi tung thay lau thdng; Phung dao chuygn can, dudi hoa tren hodng deu tha thiet"'''. Dg nhi td Chiiu Chi dupc ngdi ca la "xu^t gia thud di chom, tu hanh dac dao, tinh trdi sang lang, dflc hanh kiem toan", "TMen vign mfldi khoa thi tam, chin; Kim eUdng bdn qua gifl hai, ba. Bdn chung tfla may un vi; Lai qua vang tieng hoi han"'^'. De tam td Phd Tu dUpc ca tung
"dao hpc uyen tham, cay kim hat cai hieu cd". De tfl td Thdng Hien sau thdi gian theo thi gia To Nguyen Bieu 6 chua Bd Be (Gia Lam, Ha Npi) va theo Hda thflpng Thanh Hanh d td dinh Vinh NgMem (Bdc Giang) tham hpc, Ngai trd v i que nhd tru tri chua T i Cat tiep Tang dp chung, giao hoa thien tin thap phUdng, ddng thdi trd
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giao T6 Phd Tu truyin phap, gifl ky eflong td dinh T i Xuygn. Nam Binh Dan (1926), Hda thfldng Phd Tu vien tich, Ngai dflpc Sdn mdn suy tdn lam De tfl td Te Xuygn - Bao Kham. Ngai thfldng dupe chu Tang tdn vinh ngoi c h i Ha trong cac khda an cU tai td dinh, hoac co nam tai chua Quan Sfl (Ha Npi). Ngai kiem Mdn chflc Chanh Chi giang. Trong cae trai hpi Idn, Ngai dfldc cung thinh Thflpng tda Chflng minh'^'. Dg ngu to Thdng Doan thud eon tai t h i do dao hanh hdn ngUdi ngn thu hut thien tin khdp ndi ve quy y. Tang - Ni e^u phap tham hpc hang tram ngUdi. Ngai phu ta Hda thfldng Doan Hai (Td T i Cat) duy tri ne nip to dinh Te Xuygn. Roi khi tiep nd'i Su td Doan Hai lam trUdng sdn mdn Tg' Xuyen Bao Kham, Ngdi lam chi cac khda Ha tai day. Hda thfldng Tfl Tue, nhd trinh dp Nho hpc gidi, chfl vig't tdt, tinh cdn than, can mSn, ngoai viee cham lo phuc vu tin ngUdng, Ngai da quy tu hang tram Tang - Ni trong tinh ve md trUdng day hpc. Ngdi chu trpng tdi mon ludt hpc, lo cho Phat phap mai sau thieu Mat, ky eUdng long leo. Vdi cUdng vi giao pham cao ca'p Mc ba'y gid, Ngai da cung quy Hda thupng Thich Tri Dp, TMch Die Nhuan va cU si Tam Minh - Le Dinh Tham cheo lai eon thuyin Phat giao vUdt qua khd khan trd ngai thdi ky chiin tranh danh pha mien Bdc. Thdi gian nay tuy khong md dupe trudng cMnh quy, song chU Tang Ni sinh vdn din theo hpe vdi Ngai, ke ca nhflng nam giac My leo thang danh pha ac liet mien Bac'^"'.
Tie'p de'n la Hoa thudng Thanh Thao -
'•'^ Bao Kham tii ciing T6] khoa, Tldd.
'«' Bao Kham t u ciing To khoa, Tldd.
'^> Thich Dong Bon (1995), Sdd.
" ° ' Thich Dong Bon (1995), Sdd, tap 2.
NHAN LUC KHOA HOC XA H H Q
TMch Tri Hai, nam 1934, khi v i a 29 tudi, tu nhdn tha'y cd trach nMem vdi Phat phap dfldng thdi, can phai cha'n hflng va phat trien sdu rpng Phat giao d mien Bac, Ngai eung mot sd Tang Ni Phat t i cd uy tin, dao tam dflpc todn the Phat t i mdi dflng ra tiip nhan va to chflc chua Quan Sfl (Ha Npi) lam Tru sd Trung Udng va chinh thflc thanh lap Hpi Bdc Ky Phat Giao lam cd sd phap ly eho viec phuc vu chanh phap. Nam 1936, Ngai dflng ra tai thig't lai toan bp ngoi chua Quan Sfl vdi quy md va kie^n true mdi; dong thdi, td chflc dai li suy tdn Dai lao Hda thupng Vinh NgMem Ign ngoi TMen gia Phap chi va lap trudng Tang hpe dat tai chua Bd Di (Gia Lam, Ha Ndi) bgn bd sdng Hdng.
Ngai eung cd kg' hoach trung tu khu danh lam True Lam Yen Ti. Tiic thay, cac cdng viee dang tien hanh thi phai dinh ehi vi nam 1945 - 1946, mpt nan ddi ghg gdm lan tran khdp mien Bae'"'. Trong hpc ehung va cac khda ha bay gid, Dai lao Hda thupng TMch Tdm Tich ludn dflpe c i gifl chflc Chanh Duy Na. Ngdi tflng lam Gidi sfl rdi Hda thfldng Dan dau cho nhiiu gidi ddn nhU: Dai gidi dan chua Quan Sfl nam 1953; Dai gidi dan chua T i Xuyen nam 1955; Dai gidi dan chua Phat a'n nam 1957; Dai gidi dan chua Than Quang nam 1959; Dai gidi dan chua Ba Da nam 1976; Dai gidi dan chua Quan Sfl nam 1978. Tfl nam 1981, Thanh hpi Phat giao Ha Npi diu eung thinh Ngai lam Dan dau Hoa thupng. Ngoai cUdng vi la thl,y Hda thupng cac gidi dan, Ngai da truyen thu Tam quy, Ngu gidi. Bo tat gidi cho hang ngan Phat t i thu do va cac tinh, thanh khac.
Hda thfldng Thich Tam Nguygn khi 18 tudi, eon dang theo hpc tai hai Phat hpc
dudng ehua Quan Sfl vd chua Bd D i (Ha Npi) nhflng Ngai da to ra la mpt hpc Tdng dao hanh, tinh ta'n tu hanh. Khi ddng tru tri tai chua Vpng Cung (Nam Dinh) cung vdi Hda thupng Thich Tam Thdng, Ngai cung cac Tang hflu tiep tuc sfl nghiep hoang hda ldi sanh ma cac chu To da day cong xay ddp. Ngai md trfldng day Tang - Ni hau tig'n tu hpe va truyin giang Phat phap eho thap phfldng tin hflu. Ngai thfldng lanh nhiem vu giang sfl trong cac khda ha va chu ha nhiiu ndm tai trfldng ha chua Ca d Nam Dinh.
Ngai cdn dupe mdi lam Dan dau Hda thfldng, Yet Ma, Giao Thp tai nhieu gidi dan tai dia phUdng. Tdng ldp Tang - Ni trung, ha, tpa tai tinh Nam Ha Men nay, hdu h i t la hpe dd, gidi t i do chinh Ngai day bao<^'>.
Hda thUdng Thich Tam Bich (Thanh Bich) sau thdi gian 22 nam theo thdy van du hpc dao, vdo nam 1940, Ngai da trd v i ngdi ehua Sii, Bdc Ninh (Gia Lam, Ha Npi ngay nay) chuyen tdm edng phu tu tap Thien - Tinh song tu. Ngay ngay "Nha't nhat ba't tac, nha't nhat ba't thUe", hanh hanh "Thieu due tri tue", thue tap an co day, ndm ben rdm, sdm khuya den sach, rdng ra trai qua 20 ndm ma khdng h i ngUng nghi. Ta'm gUdng sang dao hanh tu hdnh d'y, ngUdi dan S i i eho den hdm nay vdn h i t ldi ca ngdi va tu hao manh da't qud hUdng e i a hp da cd nhflng bac hiin nhan dao hanh dflng chan de eho dan lang hpc noi gUdng sang. Trudng lao Hda thupng cung la ngoi Thdy Hda thupng, thay A Xa Lg dang dan truyin trao gidi chau tug menh
" " Thich Dong Bon (1995), Sdd, tap l . '"* Thich Dong B6'n (1995), Sdd, t a p 1.
Q NHAN LUC KHOA HOC XA HOI
SO 5-2019
NGUYEN SY HUNG cho hang nghin gidi t i Ha Tay, Ha Ndi,
Ha Nam, la ngdi dudng c h i nhieu nam cua Ha trfldng Mai Xa, Hpi Xa, Md Lao cung nhiiu trUdng ha khac trong va ngoai thanh phd Ha Ndi de lam khuon miu cho hpe ehung noi theo*^^'.
Ve Trudng lao Hda thUdng Thich Tam Giac, tfl ra't sdm, khi chi mdi thp gidi Sa di luc 17 tudi, Ngai da dflpc cac To Te Xuyen, T i Cat, Trung Hau, Hfldng Tieh va Tue Tang rd't yeu thfldng. Nhd Ngai CO san can ban Nho hpc hStp thu dflpe trong gia dinh, lai dupe Hda thupng Tri Hai day cong huan giao va cac Td dn can bao ban, dSn du, ndn v i mat giao ly vd thuyen hanh, Ngai dupe coi la hang tan tiin kha dung, cd nhieu trien vpng trong tUdng lai, lam tru cot cho tda nha Phat giao. Nam 1937, sau khi tot nghiep 16p Trung dang Phat hpc tai trUdng Bd D i thupc huyen Gia Ldm, tinh Bdc Ninh, Ngai dupc cdc To cho ddng dan thp Ty kheo gidi, Mc dd Ngdi trdn 20 tudi*^*'. Tfl do, hang nam efl vao mua kiet ha an efl tai chua Quan Sfl, Ngai diu dfldc c i gifl chflc Duy Na, mpt chflc vu quan trpng trong tha't chic tung lam. Sau chin nam tu hpc tai Nhat, Ngai da tdt nghiep Dai hoc Phat phap tai Tokyo, nhan bdng Tien si Xa hpi hpe, Tien si Triet hpe DSng Phuong va Tam dang huyin dai tai vign Nhu dao KODOKAN. Nam 1962, hai vi trci ve nude hoang phap.
3.4. Vai tro cua cdc vi To sU, Danh tdng Sdn mdn Te Xuyen Bdo Khdm trong hoat dpng ngoai giao Phdt gido
Dg ngu td Thien Ban la Trudng phai doan Phat giao din y i t kie'n C h i tieh Ho Chi Minh tai P h i C h i tieh vao nam Mau Tuat (1958). Hda thUdng Tam An t i n g dUdc c i Idm Trudng doan giao pham cao Sii 5-2019
ca'p sang Trung Qudc dU hdi nghi do Hpi Phat giao chau A td chflc, de i n g hd miin Nam Viet Nam cho'ng My - Diem vao nam 1963. Ngai cdn cd ddng gdp quan trpng trong viee md rpng quan he, giao luu vdi quy Hda thUdng mien Nam va Phat giao qud'e te. Cac ndm 1970, 1972, 1974, Ngai cung Hda thupng TM'ch Tri Dp, Thich Ddn Hau, Thich Thien Hao du hpi nghi Phat giao chau A vi hoa binh (ABCP) tai Mdng Cd va Lign Xd. Ngai la thanh vien tieh cfle e i a Hdi Phat giao ABCP tai cac Hpi nghi. Ngai da tham ludn nhieu va'n de bao vg hda binh trgn tinh than giao ly dflc Phat"^'. K i dg'n, Hda thupng Tri Hai tiip ndi truyen thd'ng chinh phap e i a cae vi Td sU, ndm 1937 - 1938, Ngai md cuoc cong du sang Trung Hoa trong hai thdng de tham khao Tam Tang kinh didn va tig'p xuc eac vi Cao tang nhU Thai Hu Dai Sfl... dg hpe hoi kinh nghiem cung nhu phfldng phap td chflc, chi dao tfl cac vi nay. Cuoi nam 1938, Ngai lai van du sang Lao, Thai Lan, lap ehi hdi Phat giao Viet kiiu Hai ngoai va dat quan he Phdt sfl vdi Phat giao cua hai nfldc nay. Ndm 1953, vdi muc dich tiip tuc ddo tao Tang tai va trao ddi van hda vdi cdc nfldc trong to chflc Phat giao t h i gidi, Ngdi cung cae Hda thupng khac, dUdi danh nghia Tong hpi va Giao hpi d i c i mdt sd chU Tang sang du hpc d Nhat Ban, Tich Lan vd An Dp"^'. Nam 2008, Hda thupng TMch Bao Nghigm dupc T h i tudng Chinh p h i c i lam i y vien Ban Diiu phdi Dai li Phat
''^' Bach khoa toan t h a mO Wikipedia (2018) "Thich T h a n h Bich", <https://vi.wikipedia.org /wiki/ Th% C3
%ADch_Thanh_B%C3%ADch>, (28/10/2018)
<'^i Thich Dong Bon (1995), Sdd, tap 1.
"^' Thich Dong Bon (1995), Sdd, tap 2.
<^«» Thich Dong Bon (1995), Sdd, tap 1.
NHAN LUC KHOA HOC X A H H Q
dan Lien Hdp Qudc tai Viet Nam. Tfl nam 2009, Hoa thupng Thich Bao Nghiem ludn la TrUdng phai doan Dai bieu e i a Giao hdi Phat giao Viet Nam di hodng phap tai cac nUde chau Au.
3.5. Cdc vi thien sU Sdn mdn Te Xuyen - Bdo Khdm luon gia nhang chiic vu, vi tri quan trpng cua cdc td chdc gido hpi Phdt gido trong sud't chieu ddi lich sii
Ndm 1951, De tfl td Doan Hai e i a Sdn mdn Te Xuyen - Bao Kham dupc dai hpi eung thinh lam Chflng minh Dao sfl Hpi Phat giao Thdng nha't Vigt Nam. Vi tri nay sau dd cung dupc De ngu to Thien Ban dam nhiem. Kg' dang ddi thfl bay Nguygn Trac Hda thfldng tflng gifl efldng vi Trfldng ban Tri sfl Giao hpi Phat giao tinh Ha Nam. Dai lao Hda thfldng Tam An dflpc mdi tham gia Ban Tri sfl Trung Udng Hpi Phat giao khi Hdi nay mdi ra ddi vao Mc hda binh lap lai b miin Bdc ndm Mau Tuat (1958). Qua de'n cac nhidm ky sau, Ngai dUde c i gifl chflc vu Phd Hpi trudng kiem tru tri chua Quan Sfl (Ha Npi). Dai lao Hoa thupng Thdng Ban tflng la thanh vien Hdi dong Chflng minh Giao hpi Phat giao Viet Nam, Trfldng ban Tri sfl Gido hpi Phat giao Viet Nam tinh Ha Nam.
Nam 1951, Tdng Hpi Phat Giao Viet Nam dupe thdnh lap. Sau tap doan Phat giao suy tdn Hda thUdng Tri Hai lam De nha't Phd Hpi chi. De'n ndm 1952, Giao hpi Tang gia Toan quoc dUdc thanh ldp tai chua Quan Sfl (Ha Npi) nham thdng nha't Phat giao toan quoc. Dai hpi da suy c i To Tue Tang len ngdi Thflpng t h i va bau Hoa thfldng Tri Hai lam Tri sfl Trudng. Nam 1958, Hpi Phat giao Thdng nha't Viet Nam ra ddi tai mien Bdc, Hda thupng Tam Tieh e i a Spn mdn T i Xuyen Q ] NHAN LUfC KHOA HOC XAHOI
Bao Kham trd thanh i y vign Trung Udng Hdi. Cung trong ndm 1958, Hda thupng Tam Tich dupe Dflc Thupng thu Tue Tang chi dinh Ngai lam giam tU Tung Lam Quan Sfl. Nam 1972, Ngai lam Trfldng ban Nghi lg Trung fldng Hpi Phat giao Thd'ng nhd't Viet Nam. Tfl nam 1976 den nam 1981, Ngai la i y vign Thudng true Trung Udng Hpi. Nam 1984, Ngai gifl chflc vu Chanh Thfl ky Hpi ddng Chflng minh Giao hpi Phdt giao Viet Nam; ddng thdi, lam Trfldng ban Tri sfl kigm Trfldng ban Tdng sfl Thanh hpi Phat giao Ha Npi cho den thang 09 nam 2002. Thang 11 nam 1992, tai Dai hdi Dai bieu Phat giao toan qudc lan t h i III (nhigm ky 1992 1997), Hda thflpng Tam Tich dupe Dai hpi suy tdn lam Phd Phap e h i kigm Chanh ThU ky Hpi ddng Chflng minh Giao hpi Phat giao Viet Nam. Thang 11 nam 1997, tai Dai hdi dai biiu Phat giao toan qud'e lan thfl IV (nhidm ky 1997 - 2002) cung nhU Dai hpi Idn thfl V (nhiem ky 2002 - 2007), toan thg Dai hpi da suy tdn Dai lao Hda thfldng Thich Tam Tich len ngdi vi Phap c h i Hpi ddng Chflng minh Giao hdi Phat giao Viet Nam.
Den Hda thupng Tam Nguyen, Ngai t i n g la Chflng minh Ban Tri sfl Giao h6i Phat giao Viet Nam tinh Nam Dinh. Vi Hda thfldng Tam Bich, khi Tang sai, Dflc Trfldng lao da trai qua nhiiu trpng trach trong giao hpi nhfl: Chanh Ban Dai dign Phat giao huyen Thflpng Tin; Trfldng Ban Tri sU Phat giao tinh Ha Tay; Higu trudng Trudng trung cap Phat hpc Ha Tay; Chflng minh Ban Tri su Giao hpi Phat giao Viet Nam thanh phd Ha Npi;
i y vien Hpi ddng Tri sfl; Thanh vign Hpi dong Chflng minh Giao hpi Phat giao
SO 5-2019
NGUYEN SY HUNG Viet Nam. Dac biet, tai dai hpi dai bieu
Phat giao toan qudc Idn thfl VII nam 2012, toan t h i dai hpi da nha't tam suy ton Trflcing lao Hoa thflpng Ign ngoi: Phd Phap c h i kigm Giam Mat Hdi ddng Chflng minh Giao hdi Phat giao Viet Nam. Dau xuan 2012, Thanh hpi Phat giao Ha Ndi ciing Sdn mdn long trpng td chic dai le khanh thp 100 tuoi cua Hda thUdng. vao thdi diem dd, Trfldng lao la Hoa thupng cao nidn bac nha't trong Giao hpi Phat giao Viet Nam cdn tru t h i . Nam 1964, Giao hpi Phdt giao Viet Nam Tho'ng nha't dupe thanh lap, Hda thUdng Thich Tam Giac dfldc c i gifl chflc vu Tong vu trfldng Tdng vu Tai chinh va dUdc bdu lam Chanh dai dien miin Vinh NgMem - mot mien danh cho ddng bao Phat t i Bdc Vidt di efl vao Nam. Cung vdi do, ngay 01/7/1964, Ngai dfldc Gido hpi uy c i dam trach chflc vu Giam ddc Nha Tuyen uy Phat giao.
Hien nay, Hda thfldng Thich Bao Nghiem la Phd C h i tich Hpi ddng Tri sU kigm Trudng ban Hodng phap Trung Udng Giao hpi Phat giao Viet Nam, TruSng Ban Tri sfl Giao hpi Phat giao Vigt Nam thanh phd Ha Npi, Trudng Ban Tri sfl Giao hdi Phat giao Viet Nam tinh Ha Tinh. Hda thfldng Thich Thanh Hung la uy vign Hpi ddng Tri sU Giao hpi Phat giao Viet Nam, Ching minh Ban Hudng ddn Phdt t i Trung Udng, TrUdng Ban Tri sU Phat giao quan Hoan Kie'm, Ha Npi.
4. Kit l u a n
Trong qua trinh hinh thanh va phat trien triin e i a Sdn mon Te Xuyen - Bao Kham ndi rieng, cae Sdn mon khac d Viet Nam ndi chung, nhflng vi tu si Phdt giao
81(5-2919
la nhflng chu the quan trpng, trflc tie'p trong va'n de gin gifl, duy tri va tie'p ndi phap phai, nen nep gia phong ma cac vi Td sfl di trUde de lai. Su ddng gdp cho Sdn mdn e i a minh, cho Phat giao Viet Nam e i a cac vi Td sU, Danh tang Sdn mon T i Xuyen - Bao Kham la khdng the p h i nhan va da dupc chflng minh trong thflc t i lich s i . Thdi gian tdi, cdn cd phfldng hudng thiet thflc de phat huy vai trd cua eac vi tang, ni trong Son mdn khdng chi dd'i vdi Dao phdp ma cdn dd'i vdi ca Dan tpc va xa hpi.
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO
1. Bdo Khdm tUcung To khoa, Chua Te Xuyen - Bao Kham, Ha Nam.
2. Vdn bia Bdo Khdm tfl ky niem tien tu cdng dflc (1937), Sa mdn Thanh Hai dflng.
3. Thich Ddng Bdn (1995), Tieu sti danh tdng Viet Nam the ky XX, Thanh hpi Phat giao thanh pho Hd Chi Minh an hanh, tap 1.
4. Bdch khoa todn thU md Wikipedia (2018) "TMch Thanh Bich', <https://vi.
wikipedia.org/wiki/Th%C3%ADeh_Thanh_
B%C3%ADch>, (28/10/2018).
5. Thich Ddng Bon (1995), Tieu sit danh tdng Viet Nam the ky XX, Thanh hpi Phat giao thdnh phd Ho Chi Minh a'n hanh, tap 2.
6. Bdch khoa todn thU md Wikipedia (2018) "Thich Tam Tich", <https://vi.
wikipedia.org/wikin'h%C3%ADch_T%C3
%A2m_T%El%BB%8Bch>, (28/10/2018).
NHAN LUC KHOA HOC XAHOI Q
