HQl NGHI CON TRCING HOC QUOC GIA LAN T H U 7 - HA NQI 2011
K^T QUA NGHIEN CLFU CAU TRUC 0 VA SINH C A N H TAO 0
GAN KHU DAN CU" COA LOAl BO XlT HUT MAU
Triatonia rubrofasciata {De Geer, 1773) (Triatomidae: Heteroptera) Cf TO LIEM VA LONG BIEN, H A NOI
Nguyin Thi H^nh, Tru-omg Xuan Lam Nguyin Quang Cu-iyng, Ph^m Huy Phong Vien Sinh thdi vd Tdi nguyen sinh vgt
MdBAU
Tren the gifli cdc lodi bp xit hiit mdu thuflc phdn hp Triatominae thuflc Rediviidae rit dupe quan tam nghien ciru. Cho din nay sfl lupng lodi da dupe ghi nhan Id 139 lodi trong do 111 lodi da dupe mfl td hinh thai vd xdc djnh vimg phan bfl. Nhiiu lodi trong sfl chiing la vector truyin b?nh nguy hiem cho nguoi vd gia sue ciing nhu co chi truyin b^nh ddc biflt nhu Triatoma infestans, Triatoma dimidiata, Trialoma villiceps, Trialoma arlhumeivai, Trialoma eralyrusiformis, Trialoma rubrofasciata, Rhodnius prolixus, Panstrongylus megistus vi Paralrialoma hirsuta [4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10]. d Viflt Nam, cho din nay da co mpt sfl tdc gid trong va ngoai nuo'c cflng bfl cdc cflng trinh nghiSn ciru vi nhom lodi ndy cfl ghi nhan 6 Viflt Nam: Lent vd Wygodzinsky (1979) [12] da ghi nhan 1 lodi Triatoma rubrofasciata vi dd mfl td, minh hpa, Hsiao vd Ren (1981) [11] ghi nhdn va mfl td 1 lodi Triatoma rubrofasciata cfl vimg phan bfl a Trtmg Quflc vd Viflt Nam; Ta Huy Thjnh vd cs. (2002) [3] trong danh sdch cdc lodi cfln triing thu cr VTnh Phuc ciing ghi nhan loai T. rubrofasciata co 6 Vinh Phiic; Truang Xudn Lam (2004) [1] da xdy iipig khoa djnh loai cdc lodi thuflc giflng Triatoma va mfl td hinh thai cua 2 loai Triatoma rubrofasciata va Triatoma bouvieri thu dupe a Tam Ddo (VTnh Phiic). Bdi bao nay trinh bay mpt sfl ket qua nghien ciiu vfl cdu tnic va sinh cdnh t^o o gdn khu dan cu ciia loai bp xit hut mau Triatoma rubrofasciata (De Geer, 1773) a Til Liem vd Long Bien (Ha Nfli).
Cflng trinh ndy dupe svr hfl trp kinh phi ciia de tai dpc lap cap Vi?n Khoa hpc vd Cflng ngh? VietNam ndm 2010 - 2012.
\^T LI$U VA PHU'ONG PHAP NGHlftN CtTU
Dii tupng nghien ciiu: Lodi bp xit hiit mdu Triatoma rubrofasciata (De Geer, 1773).
Dja diim thu mdu: Xd Cfl Nhui - huyen Tu Liem vd khu tap thi Cflng ty May 10, phucmg Sai Dflng, qujin Long Bien, Hd Nfli.
Phuomg phdp thu miu: Sir dung phuang phdp thu miu cua Usinger vd cpng su (1959).
Xii ly phan tich miu v?t theo hudng din ciia Steyskal vd cpng su (1986). Cdc mau bp xit thu dupe trong mSi 6 duac dira vi phan tuii dua tren kich thuflrc mdnh dau, CO the va mdm cdnh.
HQI NGHI C O N T R O N G HQC QUOC GIA LAN THlJ 7 - HA NQI 2011
K£T QUA NGHIEN ctfu vA THAO LU^N
Trong khodng thoi gian tit thdng 4 toi thang 12 ndm 2010, ngoai hai dja diim thu mdu neu tren con co cdc mlu bp xit Ifl te thu dupe tit cdc hp gia dinh thupc cdc qu|n, buyfln cua thanh phfl Hd N§i. So lupng miu thu dupe gim 4 o bp xit hiit mdu, trong do CO 2 6 thuflc dja phan xd Cfl Nhui, Tit Liflm vd 2 fl thuOc khu tap the Cflng ty May 10, Sdi Dflng, Long Bien, Hd Npi. Kit qud nghien cihi ban ddu vi ciu trfic vd sinh canh tao 3 cila loai bp xit hiit mdu Triatoma rubrofasciata (De Greer, 1775) dupe th^
bifln dudi day.
c i u triic vd sinh canh tao i cOa loai bp xit h i t mdu <> xflm 8, C i Nhui, Tir Liem, HdN$i
Ddy la mflt trong nhOng 6 bp xit hiit mdu cfl qiiy mfl tuong doi lom, ndm trong khu VVC bip ciia gia dinh. ThM gian thu tir 19h - 22h ngdy 10/09/2010. Kit qud phdn tich s6 miu thu dupe it ddy dupe trinh bdy trong bdng 1. Kit qud cho thay, 6 bp xit hit mdu nay chira tat ca cdc pha tir hiing, thiiu trimg vdi svr xudt hifln cua tdt cd cdc tufli cho tdi truong thanh. Tflng so mlu thu dupe Id 370 cd thi, trong dd si lupng trumg Id 114 (chiim 30,81%); si thiiu frimg tuoi 1 la 25 cd thi (chiim 6,76%), sfl thiiu trimg tuii 2 la 40 cd thi (chiim 10,81%), sfl thiiu triing tuii 3 Id 54 ca thi (chiim 14,59%), si thiiu trimg tuii 4 Id 33 cd thi (chiim 8,92%), s i thiiu triing tuii 5 la 69 cd thi (chiim 18,65%); si bp xit trudng thdnh la 35 cd thi (chiim 9,46%), trong dd si con cdi la 19, s i con d\ic Id 16, chi sfl gioi tinh la 0,54 (con cai chiim ty le 54%, con con d^c chiem ty le 46%). Trong fl bp xit ndy, giai dojin trimg vd thiiu trimg tuii 1 chiim 40% cho thay day la mflt i bp xit dang trong giai dopi tich tif vd phdt triin.
Bdng 1. Cau triic o cua bf xit hiit mdu or xdm S, Co Nhui, huyf n Tir LiSm, Hd N^i
Cdu trdc t u i i
N = 370 S6 cd thd (con) Tyl^(%)
Trirng (qud) 114 30,81
Thidu trdng
Tuin
25 6,76
T u i i 2 40 10,81
T u i i 3 54 14,59
T u 4 i 4 33 8,92
T u i i 5 69 18,65
T r u i n g thdnh
I
35 9,46
(9)
19 54,29
(.5) 16 46,71 Chi chti: N la so cd thi nghien cim.
Sinh canh t?o 6 bp xit hiit mdu 6 xdm 8, xa Co Nhui la 6 bp xit hut mdu ndy dupe hinh thanh ngay trong mpt hfl gia dinh, thuflc mpt khu virc dan cu dflng due. O bp xit dupe phat triin ngay trong gian bip nhd, di^n tich khodng 3 m^, dfli dien vdi nhd d chinh. Vach bip ghep bdng nhihig tdm go ddn cfl, nhiiu ldp da bong ra tjo thdnh noi trd dn ly tuong cho bp xit hut mau. Sat vdch vd phia bfln trong chiira nhieu ciii, go mvc. Tdm gian phflng trp ciia sinh vien, chat hpp, am thdp, diiu kien ve sinh k^m da trd thmh diflu kipn tflt cho bp xit hiit mdu trong fl phat tdn sang. Nhiiu sinh vien da bj bp xit dflt. Vi?c dpn dep ve sinh trong cdc gian nha trp cho thay, d giat giudng, kfl til quan do c6 nhieu xac Ipt cua thieu trimg bp xit hut mdu Trialoma rubrofasciata.
SOS
HQI NGHI CON T R O N G HQC QUOC GIA tAN THCf 7 - H A NQI 2011
ciu t r i e vd sinh cdnh t?o o cua bp xft h i t mdu Triatoma rubrofasciata d xflm 3, C i Nhui, Tir Liflm, Hd N$l
Ddy la mflt 6 bp xit hit mdu cd quy mfl rdt ldn, ndm trong kho chia cui cua m0t hfl gia dinh t?i xdm 3, xa Cfl Nhui. Thdi gian thu miu tit 8h - 12h ngdy 20/09/2010. Sfl lupng miu thu dupe Id 1342 cd thi, frong dd ttimg 275 qud (chiim 20.49%); thiiu frung tuii 1: 658 cd thi (chiim 49,03%), thiiu trung tuii 2: 143 cd thi (chiiin 10,65%), thiiu triing tail 3: 81 ca thi (chiim 6,04%), thiiu trimg tufli 4: 61 cd thi (chiim 4,51%), thiiu triing mii 5: 44 cd thi (chiim 3,28%); ting si bp xit truomg thdnh Id 80 cd thi (chiim 5,96%) frong dd cd 20 con cdi (25%) vd 60 con due (chiim 75%) (bang 2).
Bdng 2. c i u true 6 cua bp xit h i t mdu Triatoma rubrofasciata ir xdm 3, Co Nhui, Tir Li6m, Ha Npi.
N = 1342 S6 cd thd (con) T}IS(%)
Trimg (qud) 275 20,49
Thilu triing T u i l l
658 49,03
T u i i 2 143 10,65
T u i i 3 81 6,04
T u i i 4 61 4,61
T u i i 5 44 3,28
Truwng thdnh
•z 80 5,96
(9)
20 25,00
0)
60 75,00 Ghi chti: N Id so ca thi nghien cihi.
Day Id mpt i bp xit hut mdu cd day du cdc pha phdt due tir tning cho tfli trudiig thanh, frong dfl tning vd thiiu trung tuii 1 chiim ty 1? ldn xdp xi 70% thanh phin cau fruc cua i. Ty Ifl (%) pha tring va thiiu trimg tufli nhfl (tuii 1) rdt cao cbo thay ddy la mpt fl cd qudn thi bp xit dang d giai dojn phat triin va tich luy si luang theo xu huflmg di len. Ti Ifl cdc con huflmg thdnh cdi thip, chi chiim 25% (chi si gifli tinh 0,25) cd thi do nhiiu nguyin nhdn, ttong dd hai nguyfln nhan chu yiu theo ching tfli Id: Cdc cd thfl huomg thdnh cdi thoi gian Iflt xdc cham hon cdc cd thi truomg thdnh due, cdc con cdi cfl nhu ciu phdt tan, bay di tim vat mii va chfl de friing cdp thiit hom cdc con diic. Chinh vi vdy diiu ndy din tdi viflc si lupng cdc con truflmg thdnh cdi ttong fl it hem cdc con fruflmg thdnh dvrc.
Sinh cdnh tao o bp xit hut mdu d xflm 3, xa Ci Nhui, huyen Tit Liem, Ha Nfli la kho chia cii, noi phat hi$n 6 bp xit hut mau neu tren nguySn la mflt gian bep h?p chi khodng 4 - 5 m^, cd tudng xdy vd Ipp Fibro xi mdng. Phia trong gian bip nay chit day cac bfl cui, bao cii vyn, chdn ban, ^ i gay, than tfl ong, cdc bao frdu... Thdi gian tich liiy cua kho chua cui nay theo gia chi cho biit Id 2 ndm, vi vdy ben frong kho, ngoai cii vyn cdn cd thflm nhiiu rdc, gie vyn do chuflt tha vao. Mfli tru&ng khu dan cu d xdm 3, xa Cfl Nhui khd sjch sfl, gpn gdng, duomg ngo diu dfl be tflng, cflng rdnh dupe ngdm hda vd kho chua cii ndy trd thdnh noi tru ngu ly tuomg cho chuflt, ban dflng hanh cia bp xit hit mdu.
s i lupng bp xit hit mdu thu dupe d day ngdy 20/09/2010 la rdt ldn (> 1300 cd thi) nhung thvic ra chi chiim mflt phdn nhd frong ting si quin thi bp xit t?i ddy vi trudc dd 2 ngdy, 2 xe cii dd dupe chd di chfl khdc, kem theo do Id nhihig con bp xit hit mdu ndu minh frong cdc bd cii vd hdng h^m cd the khdc phdt tdn sang nhd xung quanh. Ngodi ra,
HQI NGHI C O N TRCING HQC QUQC GIA LAN THtf 7 - HA NQI 2011
si lupng cdc cd thi con l?ii trong cdc bao cii vyn, rdc rudi md chung tfli khflng thi thu xui, phdi chi dao cho gia chu thieu hiy cd thi len tfli vdi nghin con theo udc tmh.
Sd dl o bp xit nay cd si lupng Ifln tfli vdi nghm ca thi vi chung dupe hinh thdnh frong kho chira cii da 2 nam khflng dupe dpn dpp, thdo dd ma chi chit them vdo.
c i u true vd sinh cdnh t?o i bp xit hut mdu of khu t?p the Cong ty May 10, Sdi s i n g . Long Bifln, Ha N$i
Khac voi hai 6 bp xit hit mdu thu dupe t?i xa Co Nhui, 6 bp xit t?i tang 3, khu t|p thi Cflng ty May 10 dupe bd con cu tru tai ddy thu tbjp ngay 18/10/2010 khi dpn d?p m$t gian phong nhfl difln tich khoang 6 m^ dung lam noi chia cii vd cdc d i dung cii, it gia tri.
S3 lupng ca thi bp xit hit mdu thu duac d ddy la 219 ca thi, frong dd chi yiu id trudng thdnh 83 cd thi (chiim 37,90%) va thiiu frying tufli ldn (tuoi 4: 14 cd thi (chiim 6,39%), tuii 5: 31 ca thi (chiim 14,16%), giai doan friing ngudi ddn khflng phdt hi$n dupe, cdn giai doan thiiu frimg tuii nhfl (Uifli 1,2, 3) thi si lupng cd thi thu dupe rit it: 2, 3 vd 3 cd thi, chiim ty le hrong ung Id 0,91%, 1,37%, 1,37%. Trong si 83 cd thi frudng thanh thu dupe, si cd thi cai Id 32 (chiim 38,55%), con si cd thi due la 51 (chiim 61,45%). Nhu vdy, chi si gioi tinh cia 6 bp xit nay xip xi 0,39 (bdng 3).
Bdng 3. Cau true 6 cua bp xit hut mdu Triatoma rubrofasciata or khu t | p the Cflng ty May 10, Sdi Bong, Long Bi£n, Hd N$i
Tdng 3 N = 219 Tdngi N = 465
S6 c^ thi (con) Tyl$(%) S i cd thi (con)
Tyl$(%) Triang
(qud) 0 0,00
85 18,28
Thilu trCing
Tuin
2 0,91
53 11,40
T u i i 2 3 1,37
83 17,85
T u i i 3 3 1,37
45 6,68
T u i i 4 14 6,39
28 6,02
T u i i 5 31 14,16
51 10,97
T r u i n g thdnh
I.
83 37,90
120 25,81
(9)
32 38,55
53 44,17
(<J1 51 61,45
67 55,83 Ghi chii: N la sd ca thi nghiin cim.
Sinh cdnh tjo 6 bp xit hit mdu d ting 3 khu t|p thi Cflng ty May 10 Id khu nhd 3 tdng, dupe xdy difag tu nhthig ndm 70 cia thi ky trudc. Dac tnmg cia khu nhd nay Id bao gflm nhiing gian phdng nhfl, chdt h?p, frdn thip. Diiu kipn kinh te vd sinh boat ciia cu dan d day khflng cao, phin lom cac hp gia dinh s i dyng bip than t i ong di dim niu vd hiu nhu nha ndo cung tich trii gfl, cii di s i dyng dan. Viflc tich ttU cui, go frong m$t gian phdng chat hep, hdu nhu khflng cd dnh sdng, cia chinh cung it khi md... lam cho kho chira cui cung cdc vdt dyng cu frd thdnh nai tri in rdt tit cho chupt vd lip xit hut mdu.
T?i ting 1 khu t?ip thi Cflng ty May 10 frong thdi gian tit 9 - 14h ngdy 19/10/2010 si mau thu duac tu kho chua cii ndy la 465 ca thi frong dd pha tning Id 85 (chiem 18,28%), thiiu frung hioi 1 la 53 cd thi (chiim 11,40%), thiiu htng tufli 2 Id 83 cd thi (chiem 17,85%), thiiu tiling hifli 3 la 45 cd thi (chiim 6,68%), thiiu ttilng tail 4 Id 28 cd thi 810
HQI NGHI C(SN T R C I N G HQC QUQC GIA tAN T H t j 7 - H A NQI 2011
(chiim 6,02%), thiiu trimg tuii 5 la 51 cd thi (chiim 10,97%); bp xit trudng thdnh cd 120 con (chiim 25,81%), frong dd si con cdi Id 53 con (chiim 44,17%), con due la 67 con (chiim 55,83%). Vfli thdnh phin cau fruc 6 nhu tten, t^ le cac con truflmg thanh rdt Iflm, pha trimg vd thiiu frung tuii 1, tuii 2 cung cfl sfl lupng cd the cao cho thiy 6 bp xit d ddy la mflt i dang phdt ttiin vd tang nhanh vi si lupng. Sfl cac con frudng thdnh l<im thic ddy qua trinh phdt tdn ra xung quanh cia 6 bp xit hut mdu ndy (bang 3).
Voi vj tri Id gim ciu thanp ting 1 cia mflt khu tap thi 3 ting cu ky da dupe xay dyng tu nhOng ndm 70 cia the ky trudc, diiu kifln sinh ho^t, mfli tru&ng rit im thip, them vao do hfl thflng cing rdnh thodt nude xuing cip trim frpng, cdc thiing rdc, nuiic g^o chira thic dn thira tgo dieu kifln cho chuflt sinh song nay nd rat nhieu. Dien tich kho chia cii dudi gim cdu thang chi khodng 3 - 4 m^ chdt ddy nhiing d i dimg bdng go dd hdng, thdm chi cd vd dua khfl, gidy bdo, vfl bao xi mdng ttd thdnh nai tri ngy cia chupt trong ca khu nhd. Trong kho chia cii, khflng cfl dnh sdng, cia rdt it khi md ra. Ngodi chuflt, gian nhd, gian dat vd mflt sfl lupng nhfl nhfln, bp xit hit mau hiu nhu khong gdp bit eu kS thu ty nhien nao vi vgy si luang qudn thi bp xit o ddy ttong diiu kifln rat thudn lpi vi nhiflt dp, am dfl, thuc dn da khflng ngimg tdng Ifln, tich ty vd phdt tan ra mfli tru&ng xung quanh.
K E T L U ^
Tai c i Nhui, Tu Lifltn, Ha Npi ciu trtic fl d xdm 8 vdi ty le cdc ca the d tuoi 1 la cao nhit chiim 30,81%, tufli 5 la chiim 18,65%. Ty Ifl cdi chiim 54,29%. Ddy Id 6 dang ttong giai doan tich ty va phat triin. Ciu fric 6 d xdm 3 vdi t^i Ifl ca thi tuii 1 Id cao nhit chiim 49,03%, ty 1$ cdi chiim 25,00%. Day Id i dang frong giai doan phat triin vd phdt tdn,
Tai Long Bifln, Hd Nfli, ciu true o ciia bp xit hit mdu cd ty lp cd thi trudng thdnh cao tuomg irng 25,81 - 37,9%. Ddy la 6 dang frong giai dogn phdt triin va phdt tan.
So lupng quin thi cia cac fl bp xit hit mau phu thupc vdo thdi gian hinh thanh va tich tu d nhiing kho chia cii, db cu lau ngay khdng dupe don dep, dieu dfl cfl nghTa Id 6 vdt chu in djnh va lau dai thi cd si lupng qudn thi Iflm va ngupc Isii.
TAI Lifu THAM KHAO
1. Truong Xudn Lam, 2004. Hai lodi bp xit hut mdu thuflc giflng _7r/atoffia laporte, 1832 (Heteroptera: Reduviidae: Triatominae) duoc ghi nhan d Vuon Quic gia Tam Ddo. T?p chi Sinh hpc. Si 26 (3 A): 73 - 77.
2. Nguyen Ngpc Thira, Hodng Kiim, 1979. Xu ly si liflu frong'diiu tta co bdn, NXB. Khoa hpc va KJ thudt: 1 -211.
3. Ta Huy Thjnh vd cs., 2002. Hpi nghj Con trung hpc toan quic (ldn thii 4). NXB. Ndng nghiep: 443 - 446.
4. Brasil RP, Silva AR da 1983. Triatoraine vectors of Trypanosoma cruzi like trypanosomes in urban areas of Sao Luiz, Maianhao, Brasil. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 77: 568.
5. Brasil RP 1986. Observations on the feeding habitats of Triatoma rubrofasciata (Hemiptera: Reduviidae). Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 80: 349.
6. Cai, W., Zhou, Y. & Lu, J., 2001. Textbook Series for 21" Centary. Ent Sin. 1 (1): 111 -116.
7. Carcavallo R.U., Galindez Girfln 1., Jurberg J., Galvdo C, Lent H.,1997. Pictorial keys for tribes, genera and species for the subfamily Triatominae, m: Carcavallo R.U., Galindez
HQI NGHI C O N T R C I N G HQC QUQC GIA LAN THCf 7 - HA NQI 2011
Girdn I., Jurberg J., Lent H (Eds.), Atlas of Chagas disease vectors in the Americas, Vol I Fiocniz, Rio de Janeiro, 1997: 107 - 244.
8. Christiane Weirauch, 2003. Glandular Areas Associated with the Male Genitalia in Trialoma rubrofasciata (Triatominae, Reduviidae, Hemiptera) and other Reduviidae. Mem Inst Oswaldo Craz, Rio de Janeiro, Vol. 98 (6): 773 - 776.
9. Dias E, Neves O, 1943. Determinacao da infeccao namral por Schizolrypanum em Trialoma rubrofasciata no Estado de Pemambuco. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 39: 331 - 334.
10. Fuentes FB, Coura JR, Ferreira LF 1971. Observacoes sobre o Trialoma rubrofasciata (De Geer, 1773) no estado da Guanabara. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 5: 47 - 53.
11. Hsiao, T. - Y. & S. - Z. Ren 1981. Reduviidae, pp. 390 - 538. In: Hsiao el ai, A handbook for the determination ofthe Chinese Hemiptera - Heteroptera (II). Science Press, Beijing (in Chmese with English summary).
12. Lent H., Wygodzmsky P., 1979. Revision ofthe Triatominae (Hemiptera, Reduviidae), and their significance as vectors of Chagas disease, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist (1979) 163:127 - 520.
*Tbdm djnh khoa hpc: PGS.TS. Mai P h i Qui^ - V i | n Smh thdi va Tdi nguyen sinh vjt.
SUIUIIVIARY
PROVISIONAL RESULTS ON T H E S T R U C T U R E A N D T H E H A B I T A T CREATING S H E L T E R S O F SUCKING BLOOD STINK - B U G S Triatoma rubrofasciata (De Geer, 1773)
(Triatomidae: Heteroptera) IN T U LIEM A N D L O N G B I E N , H A NOI Nguyen Thi Hanh, Truong Xuan Lam Nguyen Quang Cuong, Pham Huy Phong Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources
This article presents provisional data on the structure and the habitat creating shelters of 5uc1<ing blood stink bugs Triatoma rubrofasciata (De Geer, 1773) (Triatomidae: Heteroptera) In Co Nhue - Tu Liem and Sai Dong - Long Bien, Hanoi.
The members of Individuals of Triatoma rubrofasciata collected In the village N° - 8 and village N " - 3 (Co Nhue - Tu Liem) are 370 and 1342, respetively. Among of them, eggs and fifth Instar nymphs took Ihe approxymale rales of 40 and 70 percentage, respetively. It showed that there were 2 populations of sucking blood stink - bugs which were In Ihe stage of accumulating and developing two shelters in Sai Dong (Long Bien district) with 219 (at Ihe second floor) and 465 (at the grouns floor) individuals, respectively. The numbers of fifth instar nymphs and adults indicated that they were two shelters of sucking blood stink - bugs.
The size of the populations of Triatoma rubrofasciata depended on the time of formation and accumulation at the shelters when the lime was longer the numbers was bigger and vice versa.
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