Chinh sach xoa doi giam ngheo
& Thanh pho Ho Chi Minh hien nay
Nguyen Minh Tri
' Tririmg Dai hoc Cong nghe Th^nh ph6 H6 Chi Minh.
Email; [email protected]
Nh§n ngiy 28 thang 6 nam 2019, Chdp nh^n dang ngiy 14 thdng 8 nam 2019.
Tom tat: Hien nay, viec thuc hien chinh sach xoa doi giam ngheo luon dugc Dang va Nha nuoc quan t3m, tro thanh tiung tam trong chien luge phat trien kinh t6 - xa hoi cua dat nuoc. Dac biet, trong hem 30 nam doi mai, cung vai nhung thanh tuu ve Itinh te, thuc hien chinh sach xoa doi giam ngheo a Thanh pli6 H6 Chi Minh (Tp. HCM) da dat dugc nhihig thanh t\m quan trgng. Tuy nhien, vi$c th^c hi?n chinh skh xoa doi giam ngheo a Tp. HCM con nhung han che nhat dinh. Chinh vi vay, viec tiep tuc nghien cmi dl cung c4p them cac can cu khoa hgc cho nhiing quyet sach, nham hoan thien ehinh sach xoa doi giam ngheo a Tp. HCM la viec lam cap thiet hien nay.
Tukhda: Chinh sach, xoa doi giam ngheo, Thanh pho Ho Chi Minh.
Phan lo^i Dganh: Xa hgi hgc
Abstract: The implementation of the policy on poverty reduction, which is always attached importance to by the Party and the State, has become the centte of the countty's socio-economic development shategy. Especially, over the more than 30 years of renovation, along with economic achievements, the implementation in Ho Chi Minh City has reaped important achievements.
However, it still has certain limitations. Therefore, it is now an urgent task to continue the research to provide more scientific bases for policy decisions and improve the poverty reduction policy in the city.
Keywords: Policy, poverty reduction, Ho Chi Minh City.
Sabject classification: Sociology
I.Mftdau
Tp. HCM la mgt trung tam Ion vh kinh te, vSn hoa, khoa hpc - cong nghe, iin moi giao luu qu6c ti, co vi tri chinh tn quan
w 'M^"
trong ciia ca nuoc, dirge Dang va Nha nude tin giao trong trach "Nang cao chat lupng tSng truong va nang lire canh tranh eua kinh th thanh ph6, gin tang tendng kinh th vai phat triSn van hoa, xay dung con nguoi, 67
Khoahgcxahoi VietNam, so II -2019 thirc hien tien bo, cong bang xa hoi, bao ve raoi truang; nang cao phiic lgi xa hpi va chat lugng cuoc song nhan dan. Xay dung Tp. HCM CO chat lugng cuoc s6ng tot, van minh, hien dai, nghia tinh" [4, tr. U 9].
Vcd nhimg chii truong, chinh sach phat trien phu hgp, toe dp tang trucmg kinh tk Clia Thanh pho kha cao trong thai gian qua.
Neu giai doan truoc d5i moi (1976-1985), t6c dp tang GDP binh quan 2,7%/nam, thi trong 30 nam doi mcri (1986-2016) dat muc binh quan 10,7%, gap 1,6 lan binh quan ca nuac va nam 2017 dat 8,25%, gop phan dua Thanh pho tra thanh mot Thanh pho hiSn dai. Tren nen tang nhung thanh tuu dat dugc trong kinh te, Tp. HCM da trien khai, thuc hien chinh sach xoa doi giam ngheo (XDGN) dat nhieu ket qua thiet thuc, bao dam an sinh xa hpi cho nguoi lao dong. Tuy nhien, ben canh nhihig thanh tuu dat dugc trong viec thuc hien chinh sach XDGN a Tp. HCM vSn con nhijug han che nhan dinh nhu hiSu qua giam ngheo thi6u ben vimg, su chenh lech doi song va miic huong thu van hoa giiia nhan dan npi thanh va ngoai thanh cang 1cm, su phan hoa giau ngheo co xu huang tang nhanh...
Di6u do da va dang tac dpng tieu cue din viec thuc hien chinh sach XDGN a Tp.
HCM. Bai vik nay phan tich thuc trang va giai phap thuc hien chinh sach XDGN ben vung 6 Tp. HCM.
2. Thin: tr^ng thu-c hien chinh sach xda doi giam ngheo or Thanh pho Uh Chi Minh 2.1. Kit qud thuc hien chinh sdch xoa doi gidm ngheo a Tp. Ho Chi Minh Vdi viec duy tri t6c dp tang truang kinh tk kha cao, quy mo kinh tk dugc md rong, tiSm luc kinh tk ngay cang ldn manh da tao
ngudn lire dfii dao dku tu phat trien con ngudi thong qua viec thuc hien chjnh sach XDGN, timg budc mang lai cupc s6ng thiSt thuc, tao di6u kien cho ngudi ngheo thmn gia va thu hudng nhiing thanh tuu phat trien kinh xk - xa hgi d Tp. HCM:
Mgt la, ty 1^ hp ngheo giam nhanh. Xuat phat tir mo hinh thi dilm tai mpt s6 ip a Tp.
HCM (nam 1991) vdi tinh thhn "cdng d6ng gitip ngudi ngheo v6n lam an". Ngay 20 thang 02 nam 1992, Thanh uy Tp. HCM chinh thiic "tuyen chiln" vdi doi ngjieo vdi Quylt dinh Vl vice t6 chuc, triln khai chuang trinh ph4n dau thu hep va timg budc xoa ngheo d nong thon, la chuong trinh kinh tl - xa h6i tdng hgp, co y nghia chiln luge va lau dai. D8 triln khai chuang trinh, Thanh iiy da chpn thi diem d 6 huyen ngoai thanh (Nha Be, Cii Chi, Binh Chanh, Hoc Mon, can Gid, Thu Diic) va cac phudng CO nong nghiep d cac quEin (quSn 8, Binh Thanh, Go Vap va Tan Binh) va budc dau dat dugc ket qua kha quan. Cach lam nhanh chong lan tda ra nhieu dia phuong vdi nhilu each t6 chiic khac nhau va trd thanh mpt trong nhiJng chuong trinh muc tieu qu6c gia (nam 1995) co y nghia kinh te - xa hpi sau sac.
Giai doan 2009-2013, Thanh ph6 da triln khai Chuong trinh Giam ngheo, tang hp kha, vdi miic chuin ngheo dugc nang len nrong duong vdi chuin ngheo cua thi gidi (tieu chi hp ngheo cua Thanh ph6 cd muc thu nhap dudi 12 trieu d6ng/ngudi/nam), trong khi do chuin ngheo cua ca nudc d khu vuc thanh thi nam 2011 la dudi 6 hieu d6ng/ngudi/nam, bSng mot nua so vdi chuSn ngheo ciia Tp. HCM. Qua 5 nam thuc hi?n Chuong trinh Giam ngheo, tang hp kha, t6ng s6 ho ngheo theo tieu chi thu nhap 12 trieu ddng/ngudi/nam giam tir 152.328 hp (nam 2009) xu6ng con 14.000 ho (nam 2013), ty le ho ngheo giam tir
Nguyen Minh Tri 8,4% xuong con 0,71%. Thanh ph6 khong
con hg ngheo theo chujn qu6c gia giai doan 2011-2015 truoe th6i han 2 nam so voi Nghi quyht Dai hpi Dang bp Thanh ph6 ISn ixiasra.
Giai doan 2015-2020, theo phuong phap lijp can ngheo da chieu (thu nhap tir teen 21 triSu d6ng/nguai/nam ihn 28 trieu d6ng/ngu6i/nam, gom 05 chieu ngheo (chiSu thieu hut xa hpi): giao due va dao tao; y th; viec lam va bao hiem xa h6i; dilu kita stag; tihp can thong tin), nhtoi eai thien chat lupng song ciia hp ngheo, vol Nghi quylt s5 15/2015/NQ-HDND ngay 09 thang 12 nam 2015 ciia Hpi dong nhan dan Thanh pho Ve Chuong trinh giam ngheo bin viing ciia Tp. HCM giai doan 2016- 2020 va Quylt dinh s6 58/2015/QD-UBND ngay 31 thang 12 nam 2015 cua Uy ban nhSn dan Thanh pho ve viec ban hanh chuan hg ngheo, hp can ngheo Thanh pho ap dyng giai doan 2016-2020. Theo bao cao Clia Uy ban nhan dan Thanh pho den cu6i nSm 2018, Tp. HCM chi con 104 hp ngheo CO thu nhap trong chuan can ngheo quoc gia, chilm 0,005% so vcji t6ng s6 hp dan thanh phi. Dilu nay ding nghia voi viec Thanh pho da co ban hoan thanh muc tieu idiong con hp ngheo theo chuan quoc gia giai doiin 2016-2020, vl dich truoc thoi han 2 nam [10]. Culi nam 2018, Tp. HCM chi c6n 104 hg ngheo c6 thu nhap teong chuan c?n ngheo quic gia, chilm 0,005% so vol tong sl hO dan thanh phi. Dilu nay dong nghia v6i vi?c thanh phi da co ban hoan thanh nmc tieu khong con hp ngheo theo chuln quic gia giai doan 2016-2020, vl dich huoc thai han 2 nam.
Sau 27 nam thurc hien chuong trinh XBGN nay la chuong teinh giam ngheo ben vitag, Tp. HCM da co 8 lan dilu chinh miic chuan ngheo va hien tieu chuSn hp ngheo Ciia t h ^ phi cao gip hai lln so voi tieu
chuan quic gia, da gop phin quan trpng teong viec dam bao an sinh xa hpi cho ngucfi dan Tp. HCM.
Hai la, chi tieu cho nguoi dan noi chung, nguod ngheo va hp ngheo noi rieng o Tp.
HCM khong ngimg cai thien. Vol viec duy tri t6c dp tang trudng kinh tl kha cao, cimg vol viec thuc hien chinh sach XDGN phii hpp da gop phan nang cao thu nhap va miic song cho nguoi lao dgng teen dia ban Thanh pho, do do nguoi lao dpng, nguoi ngheo da d ^ dupc nang cao trinh dp van hoa, hoan thien ky nang chuyen mon, nghiep vu thieh ling ngay cang tot hon cac nganh nghe frong cac khu che xuat, khu cong nghiep noi rieng va sir phat teiln san xuit xa hgi noi chung. Neu nhu nam 1990 thu nhap binh quan diu nguoi tang tir 552 USD thi din nam 2000 la 1.365 USD va tSng ISn 5.538 USD (2015), cao gip 2,62 lln so vol mirc binh quan chung ciia ca nu6c, gop phan cai thien miic song cua nhan dan Thanh phi. Neu nam 2004 chi tieu binh quan mpt ngucri mgt thang teen toan Thanh phi la 826.800 ding, thi din nam 2010 chi ti6u bmh quan la 2.058.000 dong va din nam 2014 la 2.643.400 ding [1, te.335]. Co thi noi, viSc thuc hi^n chinh sach XDGN 6 Tp. HCM thoi gian qua da gop phin diu tu cho con ngucri phat frien cting nhu thu huong nhiing thanh qua cua tang trucmg kinh tl vi con nguoi, tir do t^io ra c5ng vipc In djnh da gop phin giam ty le thit nghiep qua cac nam, tir 6,48% (2000), xulng 5,9%
(2005) va 4,5% (2015) [4, te.70], ding thai mirc chi tieu sinh boat teong cac hg gia dinh ngay cang dupe cai thien, nam sau cao hon nam truoc gop phan nang cao chat lugng sing, timg buoc dam bao sir cong bang va tiln bp xa hgi, giam din su tach bipt xa hpi.
Ba la, ehi sl phat triln con nguoi (HDI) dugc cai thien. Theo Bao cao cua Chuang frinh Phat triln eiia Lien Hpp Quic
69
Khoa hoc xa hoi Viet Nam, s6 11 - 2019 (UNDP) (2015), HDI ciia Viet Nam nam 2012 la 0,752 (tang 13,56% so vdi nam 1999), trong do, Tp. HCM dung thii hai (sau Ba Ria - Vting Tau) vdi gia tri 0,820.
Chi s6 HDI d Thanh ph6 giai doan 2008- 2012, tang binh quan m6i nam 1,57% gip 1,7 lan so vdi HDI ca nudc. Danh gia thanh tuu tren, UNDP da nhan dinh, Tp. HCM va Da Nang cd gia tri HDI tuong ducmg lin lugt vdi Ba Lan va Croatia [8, tr.36]. Dilu nay minh chiing ro net nhung n6 luc ciia Thanh pho nham hudng d i n mo hinh "tSng trudng vi con ngudi"; dong thdi, chinh sach xda doi giam ngheo tac dpng trd lai tang trudng kinh te gop phan tich liiy de dau tu cho phat trien giao due, y te, dan den eac chi so phan anh nang luc cua con ngudi (bao gom nang luc tai luc, tri luc va the luc) luon dugc nang cao.
Bdn Id, Tp. HCM da tich cue trien khai nghiem tiic cac quy dinh ve chinh sach ho trg va mien giam hpc phi hpc tap nham h6 trg cho con em hp ngheo di hpc. Mang ludi Hpi khuyen hpc cac cap phat trien rpng rai, gop phan nang cao hieu qua vao viec xay dung xa hoi hpc tap thong qua nhung chuang trinh hpc bong ho trg hpc sinh, sinh vien ngheo hieu hpc, phat trien cac trung tSm cpng dong dap umg yeu cau nang cao dan tri cho mpi ngudi dan gop phan tich cyc vao viec giam hp ngheo tr6n dia ban Thanh ph6; c\i thi, nam 2013 da ho trg cho 32.966 hpc sinh ngheo vdi kinh phi 19,281 ty ddng va giao du toan ngan sach nSm 2014 la 13,435 ty d6ng d l ho trg chi phi hpc tap cho 21.326 hpc sinh theo che dp [5, tr.85]. D6ng thdi, Thanh ph6 con uu tien diu tu, tap trung ddi mdi va nang cip cac CO sd giao due vung ven va cac huyen, phat dpng phong trao giiip d o ddi vdi cac trudng thupc dia ban kho khan d ngoai thanh; thuc hien chinh sach uu dai d6i vdi can bo, giao vien cong tac t ^ cac xa thuc sir kho khan va
chl dp ddi vdi hpc smh, sinh vien thu6c cac d6i tugng chinh sach, bp doi xuit ngfi. Tiep tuc thuc hien Chuong ninh bhih on thi trudng cac mat hang phuc vu mua khai giang nam hpc mdi tren dia ban, nhu tap vd, tui sach, d6ng phuc... gop phin thuc hien cdng bang va tiln bp xa hpi trong qua hinh cong nghiep hoa, hi?n dai hoa Thanh pho.
Ndm Id, khong chi cham lo dilu kien hpc tap cho tre binh thudng, Thanh pho ciing rat quan tam d i n tre ngheo chuyen biet. Ong Le Hoai Nam, Pho Giam d6c Sd Giao due va Dao tao Tp. HCM cho bilt, giao due - dao tao cho tre khuylt tat hien nay, ciing r i t dugc Thanh ph6 quan tSm. D i n nay h i u hit cae quan, huyen cua Thanh phd deu co trudng chuyen biet d l day cho tre hi khuyet tat, phat triln khong binh thudng. Thanh phd dang tiep tuc xay dung va nang cap mpt so trudng chuyen biet nhu trudng chuyen biet Binh Tan, nang cap Trudng Chuyen biet Tuong Lai Quan 5 va Trudng Chuyen biet Anh Duong Quan 12...; Thanh pho dang CO 8 trung tSm ho trg giao d\ic hoa nhap ngudi khuyet tat. Thdi gian tdi, cac trung tam nay se diy manh cdng tac nghien cuu sau ve cac l o ^ khuylt tat d l tii do hudng dan, tu van dua ra cac chuong trinh day phii hgp cho tung loai khuylt tgt cho cac trudng chuyen biet. Ba Trieu Le Khanh, Phd Chii tich Uy ban Mat trgn To quoc Tp. HCM chia se: "Dfii vdi tre khuylt tat, Thanh phd cd nhimg quan tSm rit sat sao bdi n l u khong quan tam thi day se la ganh nang cho xa hpi va con nlu quan tam tot, khich le tot thi se tao ra ngudn nhdn luc tot cho Thanh pho" [9].
Dat dugc nhiing thanh qua tren do: Tp.
HCM da thudng xuyen, nghiem tiic quan triet cac chu truong, chinh sach ciia Dang va Nha nudc v l XDGN vao thuc tiln lam chuyin d6i n h ^ thiic cua he th6ng chinh tri thanh ph6, qua do huy dong siic manh cua
Nguyen Minh Tri cac ting lop nhan dan va siic manh ting
hgp cua he thing chinh tei. Tp. HCM xac dinh chii truong thuc hien chucmg trinh giam ngheo ling ghep vao chuong trinh muc tieu phat triln kinh te, xa h5i dia phucmg. Cac so, nganh thanh phi chil dgng xay dung cac chi tieu, giai phap phii hpp theo timg giai doan va dieu kien dac thii ciia khu vuc dong thai day manh keu gpi cac nha aia tu, cac th^nh phSn kinh te cimg tham gia hi frp cac hp ngheo, hg can ngheo va hg CO thu nhap thap phu hgp voi phuong thiic xa hgi hoa nham lam giam ap ganh n^g cho ngan sach thanh pho. Cimg voi do, j thiic vupt len thoat ngheo, can cu lao ' dgng ciia hg ngheo, hg can ngheo la dpng lire thilt ySu cho sir thanh cong cua chuang I trinh gin ket giiia tang tmong kinh te vol I chinh sach XDGN ciia Thanh pho.
2.2. NhOng kho khan, thdch thirc trong thtfc hi^n chinh sdch xoa doi gidm ngheo a Thanh pho Ho Chi Minh
Mot la, mac dil thtrc hien chinh sach XDGN thoi gian qua da gop phan cai thien thu nhjp cua nguoi dan Tp. HCM, song nhitog thanh tuu mi chinh sach XDGN mang lai van chua tuong xiing voi vi tri, vai fro, tiem n5ng va the manh eiia Thanh pho, the hien cr sit bit binh ding teong thu nhap giila thu nhap nhom giau nhit va nhom ngheo nhat CO xu huong ngay cang gia tang. Theo so lieu cua Cue thing ke Tp. HCM (2015), nhom 1 (20% nguoi co thu nhap thip nhit) la 1.837.800 dlng/nguoi/thang, tang gap 4,2 lin so vol nam 2004, nhom 5 (20%
npiri CO thu nh?ip cao nhit) la 11.894.600 dong/nguoi/thang, tang gip 4,5 so vdi nam 2004. Hp sl chenh lech thu nhap giiia nhom 1 v^ nh6m 5 co xu huong ngay cang dan ra to 6,2 lin (nSm 2004) len 6,5 lin (2016).
Dieu nay cho thiy, thu nhap binh quSn 6 Tp. HCM giila nhom giau nhit va nhom ngheo nhat khong dupc cai thien ma ngay cang gia tang, mac du, sir <Mnh lech nay a thanh ph6 thap hon eho vol binh quan ciia ca nuoc (chenh lech giira nhdm giau nhit va nhom ngheo nhit nam 2016 khoang 9,7 lin [6, fr.778]). Dilu do da tac dpng din muc tieu phat triln bin vihig cua Tp. HCM.
Hai Id, nhung lpi ich ma tang truong kinh te mang lai chua dugc phan bo deu giura cac tang lop dan cu frong xa hgi, "hi6u qua giam ngheo thilu bin vitag" [4, fr.l04],
"su chenh l?ch doi sing va miic huong th\i van hoa giira nhan dan ngi thanh va ngoai thanh cang Ion" [4, fr.34]. Mac dii thu nhap ciia nguoi dan Thanh pho tang nhanh qua cac nam, nhung van con thap hem so voi cac nuac lan can nhu: Trung Quoc 8.123 USD; Malaysia 9.508 USD, Singapore 52.962 USD [6, te.896-897]... thi vipc tiln gin cac nuac trong khu vuc la rat kho khan, chii ehua de cap den cac Thanh pho Ion teong lan can (ThSm Quyin, Kuala Lumper, Bangkok...).
Ba la, cong tac huy dgng, v ^ dpng nguIn lire co noi, co liic con nang v§ hanh chinh, hieu qua v ^ dpng con ban che, chua thu hiit nhilu nguIn tai trp, giiip d& eia c5ng ding cho cong cupc giam ngheo 6 Tp.
HCM. Cac nguIn lire von tin dung uu dai va tin dung nho phuc vu eho nguoi ngheo, hp ngheo tren dia ban Thanh phi chua dugc thing ke diy du dl co the phan tich, danh gia hi?u qua tac dpng true tilp dli voi hp ngheo; chua co co chl phii hgp nguIn luc vin dl tap tnmg ho tea cac du an giam ngheo trgng dilm, gop phin giam nghto bin vihig.
Bdn Id, hieu qua day nghi, tao vipc lam cho nguoi ngheo chua cao; cong tac tu van huong nghipp, day nghi, chuyin dli nghi con ch?m. Sl lao dOng ngheo du dilu kipn 71
Khoa hoc xa hpi Viet Nam, so 11-2019 di lam viec d nudc ngoai co dieu kien con han che. Qua trinh to chiic, thuc hien gin ket giiia chinh sach kinh te chinh sach giam ngheo giiJa cac nganh, cac cap chua d6ng bp, thieu he thSng theo doi; danh gia hieu qua cua chuang trinh, chinh sach chua that sir hieu qua dan den cong tac giam ngheo thieu tinh ben vung.
Ndm la, viec kiem tra, danh gia cong nhan hp ngheo mdi, ho ngheo phat sinh va hp thoat ngheo mot so dia phuang chua diing qui trinh, cdn mang tinh ca ne, sg va cham; co dia phuong chua kien quyet xu ly doi vdi hp ngheo ludi lao dpng, y lai chinh sach trg giiip ciia nha nudc; dpi ngu can bp lam cong tac giam ngheo con thieu va yeu nang luc.
Nguyen nhan cua nhiing han che tren la do: (1) Vdi lpi the ve tao viec lam va thu nhap, Tp. HCM trd thanh dilm dSn hap dan cho dan cu cac dia phuong trong ca nudc, miic dp tang dan co hpc cao (binh quan 6,7%/nam) [6, tr.l02] din din tinh trang qua tai trong viec thuc hien chinh sach XDGN cho ngudi lao dong. Phin ldn ddn ngheo, ngudi lao ddng nhap cu dang sinh s6ng, lam viec tai Thanh pho co noi d, viec iam chua 6n dinh, nen chuang trinh giam ngheo d Thanh pho chua co dieu kien hd trg cham lo diy dii; (2) Sir tde dpng ciia kinh tl thi trudng ciing vdi khung hoang kinh tl thi gidi, mot s6 vira thoat ngheo l^i roi vao lai tinh trang ngheo do that bai trong viec muu sinh, thi trudng lao dpng thay d6i hay gap phai mot tai nan, benh tat gi do din vdi gia dinh hp; (3) Viec trien khai chinh sach, chuang trinh giai quyet mdi quan he giua tang trudng kinh tl vdi chinh sach giam ngheo cdn bit cap do nhilu sd - nganh cung tien hanh din den ch6ng cheo vl d6i tugng, ngu6n luc phan tan; (4) Cong tac tuyen truyin van dgng t?i dia phuang chua dugc quan tam day manh
thudng xuyen, sau rpng, va cong tac van dpng tao quy xoa ddi giam ngheo chua mang lai kit qua tuong xiing vdi tiem nang thi manh ciia thanh ph6 ldn vdi tu each la trung t§m kinh tl cua dit nudc. Cong tac theo doi, giam sat, danh gia hieu qua chuong trinh con ylu.
3. Giai phap thirc hien chinh sich xda ddi giam ngheo b^n vung 6" Thanh pho Ho Chi Minh
Vdi tde dp tang trudng kinh te on dmh, Thanh phd luon quan tam din thuc hien chinh sdch XDGN phii hgp vdi trinh d$
phat triln kinh tl, t?L0 siic lan toa trong ck nudc, gop phin thuc hien chinh sach an sinh xa hpi dat nhieu ket qua thiet thuc.
Dang bp Tp. HCM lin thii X dk xac djnh nhipm vu chinh sdch XBGN theo hudng
"da d?ing hda cac ngudn luc va phuong thirc thuc hien chuong trinh giam hp ngheo, nang hp kha theo hudng phat huy ngudn luc, kit hgp trg giiip cpng d6ng, tang kha nang tiep can ciia ngudi ngheo doi vdi cac dich vu xa hpi ca ban" [3, tr.57], d6ng thdi
"trg luc giiip hd ngheo, ngudi ngheo giam ngheo bin vung" [4, tr.l40]. Dl hoan thanh nhiem vu nay, Tp. HCM cin tap trung vao mpt so giai phap sau:
Mgt Id, can phai quylt liet dua muc tieu giam ngheo da chieu vao npi dung chiln luge phat triln kinh tl - xa hpi ciia Thanh ph6. Chi d^o qudn, huyen xay dung kl hoach chi tilt phat triln kinh tl - xa hpi hang nam theo lp trinh cu thi vdi nhirng giai phap thilt thuc, sat nhu ciu trg giiip cua ngudi ngheo vdi dilu kien cu thi cua tirng quan, huyen, tranh ddt chay giai doan.
Chi dao quylt liet cac quan, huyen ra soat phan loai hp ngheo, can ngheo mot each
Nguyen Minh Tri khach quan, chinh xac de co bien phap ho
trg thich hgp. Ra soat, sua doi, b6 sung he thflng cac chinh sach giam ngheo theo huong khoi day y chi vuon len ciia ngudi ngheo. TiSp tuc doi mdi tu duy va phuang phap tilp can do ludng ngheo da chilu, xay dung cac chinh sach giam ngheo va phuong phap da chieu, trong do cac ehinh sach h6 trg giam ngheo can gan vdi chinh sach thuc dSy tang tfudng kinh te, cac chinh sach ho trg "giam ngheo bin viing".
Hai Id, cham lo hpc chii va hpc nghi cua cac doi tugng thupc hp ngheo va hp can ngheo. Thuc hien chu truong chung ciia Thanh pho, nhieu quan, huyen da tap trung dSu tu cho vi^c hpc chu va hpc nghe cho doi tucmg hp ngheo bang nhieu hinh thiic, nhir dam bao thuc hien day du, kip thdi chinh sach mien, giam hpc phi va cac khoan dong gop CO sd vat chat cho hpc sinh cac cap hoc, bac hpc; tang hpc bdng cho hpc suih ngheo; van dpng cac to chiic xa hpi, t6 chiic chinh tri-xa hpi va cac manh thudng quan ho trg sach vd, quan ao, phuong tien di lEii... nham han che den miic thap nhat tinh trang hpc sinh bd hpc vi ngheo. Doi voi lao dpng trong dp tudi nhung chua co dugc dao tao nghi thi cin tap trung van dgng, tu van cho cac em hpc nghe, mien giam hpc phi hpc nghi va ho trg them sinh hoat phi de cac em yen tam hpc nghe. Tir sir ho trg hit siic thilt thuc nay, nhilu hp ngheo da quan tam hem viec cho con em minh hpc chii, hpc nghi din nai den chon, tao CO hpi chpn lua viec iam phii hgp, co thu nh4p 6n dinh, gitip gia dinh thoat ngheo ben viing.
Ba Id, thuc hien chuang trinh, du an tao dieu kien cho ngudi ngheo nang cao nang lyc thi trudng va da dang hoa sinh ke phii flop vdi dac thu ciia Thanh phd, va tap
^"^g cho cac quan huyen ngoai thanh ngheo nhit va sd dung ngu6n kinh phi tir
ngan sach dia phuong dk thuc hien, d6ng thdi nang cao chuan ngheo kip thdi, phu hgp vdi tilm lire kinh tl cua Thanh ph6 trong qua trmh phat triln. Han 25 nam (1991-2017), thuc hien chinh sach giam ngheo d Thanh phi cd thi khing dinh, viec ctmg cap tin dung cho ngudi ngheo la bien phap dugc sir dung rpng rai dl h6 trp cho cac hp san xuat, tu tao viec iam. Do do, thdi gian tdi Thanh pho can tilp tuc gin cho vay von vdi hudng din hp ngheo each iam an theo hudng dilu chinh co ciu vay von nganh nghe co hi$u qua nhu Quy trg von cho ngudi lao dpng tu t^o viec lam (CEF); Quy chuong trinh XDGN cita thanh pho; Ngan hang phuc vu ngudi ngheo... Thanh pho tiep tuc ho trg tiep cho nhiing hp mdi thoat ngheo trong thdi gian nhat dinh, phii hgp giiip cac hp ngheo dn dinh cupc song; thue hien che dp uu dai va cham lo cho ngudi ngheo theo siic huy dpng tir nhieu nguon vdn, ngu6n quy khac nhau Clia cac co quan, don vi, mat tran va cac doan thi chinh tri - xa hpi, cac t l chiic xa hpi - nghi nghipp d thanh phd.
Bon Id, day nhanh chuyin dich co cau kinh tl nong nghi?p gin vdi xay dyng nong thon mdi nham cai thien ddi song, ndng cao trinh dp van hoa ciia nhan dan d khu vuc ngOEii thanh, nong thon, von la noi CO ty le hp ngheo eao nhat d Thanh ph6. Tilp tuc hoan thien co che, chinh sach chuyin dich co cau cay trong, vat nuoi, thiiy san theo hudng nong nghiep cdng nghe cao, san xuit tap trung t^o ra nhiing nong san chu luc ctia thanh phd vdi kh6i lugng hang hda ldn, phii hgp dilu kien dd thi.
Nam Id. tk chdc bp may lam cong tac giam ngheo ddng bp va bo tri can bp chuyen mon co tam huyet, co tinh than trach nhi?m va nang l\rc phu hgp dl triln khai thirc hien chuong trinh den t£in khu 73
Khoa hpc xa hgi Viet Nam, sl 11-2019 pho; kien tri gin bo, sau sat voi nguoi ngheo. Chii y tl chiic dilu tea, phiic tra, nam ehae thuc trang ngheo doi ciia timg dia phuang co so, thiu hiiu hoan canh eugc sing va qua teinh ehuyin biln cu thi cua timg nguoi ngheo, h5 ngheo. Tir do eo CO so phan tich, danh gia, xac dinh muc tieu, nhi$m vu va teiln khai eac chinh sach trg giiip, cham lo hg ngheg, ngucri ngheo thi^t thuc va hieu qua.
Sdu Id, tang cuong thong tin, tuyen truyen cac chuong trinh tuyin chpn lao dpng di lam viec tai cac thi truang nuoc ngoai de nguoi lao dpng co thong tin tim hieu, lira chpn va de nang cao nang lire bao ve ban than truoc nhilu thong tin dang tai tren eac mang xa hpi, eiia cac to chiie, ea nhan khong co chire nang de true loi bat chinh.
4. Kit lu^n
Nin kinh tl Viet Nam noi chung va Tp.
HCM noi rieng da lira chpn mo hinh la phai tang truang bao teum, vi muc tiSu
"dan giau, nuoc manh, dan chu, cong bang, van minh". Thcri gian qua, mjc dii da djt dupc mpt sl thanh tuu trong viec thirc hipn chinh sach XDGN. Tuy nhien, vl co ban, chinh sach XDGN o Tp. HCM chua dat dupe tinh bao trum din dii tugng ngheo, chua dam bao diy dii doi sing vat chit va tinh thin cho nguoi ngheo. Vipc thvc hipn tit nhihig giai phap teen se gop phan tim ra hudng di diing din trong vi$c thuc hipn chinh sach XDGN bin vilng vi mgt Tp.
HCM c6 chit lugng sing tot, van minh, hien dai, nghia tinh.
Tai lieu tham khao
[1] Cue Th6ng kS T h M i ph6 H6 Chi Mil* (^O")' Nien gidm thdng ke Thanh pho Hi CU Minh 2016, Nxb Thanh nien, Tp. H6 Chl Minh.
[2] Cue Th6ng ke Thinh ph6 M Chl Minh (2018), Nim giam ThSng ke Thimh phi Hi Clii Minh 20/ 7, Nxb Thanh niin, Tp. Ho Chi Minh.
[3] Dang bo Thiinh pho H 6 CM Minh (2010), Kon kien Bgi hqi dgi biiu ian ihii X, Tp. Ho Chl Minh.
[4] Dang b6 Thiinh ph6 H6 Chl Minh (2015), Van kien Dgi hpi 3ai biiu idn thic X, Tp. H6_ Chl Minh.
[5] Thinh iiy Thanh ph6 H6 Chl Minh (2016), Nhiing van di chii yiu ciia Vdn kien Dgi hoi Ddng bg Thdnh phi H6 Chi Minh lin thit X, nhiem kf 2011-2020, Nxb. TSng h(ip Thinh pho H6 Chl Minh.
[6] T6ng c\ic Thong ke (2018), Nien gidm thing ke Viel Nam nim 2017, Nxb Thong ke, Hi N6i.
[7] Oy ban Nhan din Thinh pho H 6 Chi Minh (2018), fido cdo kinh ti - vdn hoa - xd hqi thanh phi nam 2018, nhiem vu. gidi phdp Irpng nam 20JP, ngiy 28/12.
[8] UNDP (2016), Bio cdo Quic gia vi phdt triin con ngu&i nam 2015 vi -Tdng truang vi con nguai-, Nxb Khoa hpc x i hQi, H i Ngi.
[9] https://baotintuc.vn/giao.duc/nhung-diem- sang-cua-nganh-giao-duc-thanh-pho-ho-chi- minh-20170818075606400.htni, tray c}p ngiy 28-7-2019
[ 10] http://tuyengiao.vn/thanh-pho.ho-chi-minh- van-minh-hien-dai-nghia-tinh/thanh-pho-ho- ehi-minh-va-cu-hich-giam-ngheo-bc„-v„„g.
ve-dich-som-117990, tray cjp ngiy j g . , . ^ ^ , .
