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THANH
P H A NHOA HQC CUA TEVH DAU TU" LA CAY GIAC DE SAI GON (GONIOTHALAMUS GABRIACIANUS (BaiU.) Ast) Of HA TINH
DO NGQC DAI, TRAN DINH THANG Truang Dgi hoc Vinh TRAN MINH HtJH Vien Sinh thdi va Tdi nguyen sinh vat
NGUYEN XUAN DUNG Truang Dgi hoc Khoa hoc tu nhien Chi Giie de (Goniothalamus (Blume) Hook.f & Thoms) la mgt chi Idn fren thf gidi, c6 khoing 160 loii chii yfu phan bd d eac nude nhift ddi Chau A, nude ta cd 19 loii. Hifn nay, tren thi gidi da cd mgt sd cdng frinh nghien cihi vf tirih diu cua mgt so loai thugc chi nay nhu Jantan I. B. vi cdng sy, nghien cun loai G. malayanus da xic djnh eic thanh phan chinh cua tinh diu li la P-selinen (33,6%), viridiflorol (13,1%), epi-globulol (7,7%), (E)-nerolidol (4,4%) va globulol (3,8%o), trong khi vd cua loii G macrophyllus cd thinh phin chinh li terpinen-4-ol (38,8%,). Ahmad A. S. va cdng sy nghien ciru eic loii trong chi Goniothalamus (G. malayanus, G uvariodes, G macrophyllus va G andersonii) xic dinh dugc eic thinh phan hda hgc chinh tir li eiia G. uvariodes va G malayanus la P-eubeben (15,2%,) va P-selinen (33,6%)) con d rf la terpinen-4-ol (39,5%)) vi 1,8-cineol (14,0%)). C5 loii G. andersonii thinh phin hoa hgc chinh a la la guaiol (28,6%)) vi elemol (19,6%)). Con d vd cua loii G. macrophyllus, thinh phan hoa hgc chinh la terpinen-4-ol (38,8%)), 1,8-eineole (18,1%), geranyl axetat (11,1%) vi geraniol (9,7%).
Ahmad F. B. va cgng sy da nghien cuu thinh phan hoa hgc cie bg phan khic li, re, vo ciia loai G. uvariodes, xic dinh dugc cic thanh phan chinh cua l i li P-cubeben (15,2%)), elemol (9,7%), epi-a-eadinol (6,2%), a-mutuolen (4,8%) va (4,8%); vd li P-eudesmol (31,5%,), y-eudesmol (16,0%), hedycaryol (13,6%), a-eudesmol (5,6%) va (Z)-nerolidol (5,2%); rl la terpinen-4-ol (39,5%) vi 1,8-cineole (14,0%).
Trong chuang trinh nghien cuu mgt cich hf thong cua chiing tdi ve mat hoi hgc nhim phuc vu cho vifc tun kiem cie loai tinh dau vi cie boat chit mdi gop phan eho cdng tic dieu tra ca ban nguon tai nguyen thien nhien phong phii cua vimg Bic Trudng Son, Giie df sai gon (G.
gabriacianus (BaiU.) Ast) li doi tugng nghien cuu diu tien cua chiing tdi ve chi nay. Han niiu, sau khi tim kiem tren mang va tra cuu eic tii lifu tham khao, chiing tdi chua thiy cong trmh nao a nude ta va fren the gidi nghien emi ve tinh diu ciy Giie de sai gdn (G. gabriacianus (Baill.) Ast).
I. PHU^ONG PHAP NGHIEN CUtJ
Li cay Giie df sii gdn (Goniothalamus gabriacianus (Baill.) Ast) dugc thu hii d huyfn Thach Ha, Hi TTnh vio thing 5 nam 2006. Tieu bin dugc luu giir tai Khoa Sinh - Trudng Dai hgc Vinh.
Li tuai (3kg) dugc cit nhd va chimg cit bing phuang phip chung cat loi cuon hai nude trong thdi gian 3 gid d ip suit thudng theo tieu chuin Dugc difn Vift Nam. Him lugng tjnh dau li tinh theo nguyen lifu tuoi la 0,15%. Hoa tan l,5mg tinh diu da dugc lam kho bing natrisunfat khan trong 1ml metanol tinh khiit sic ky hoac loai diing eho phan tich ph6.
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sic ky khi (GC): Dugc thye hifn tren may Agilent Technologies HP 6890N Plus gin vao detecta FID cua hang Agilent Technologies, My. Cgt sac ky HP-5MS vdi chieu dii 30m, dudng kinh frong (ID) = 0,25mm, lap phim mdng 0,25pm da dugc sir dung. DiSu kifn phin tich nhu cong bd trong eac bai bio trudc diy ciia chiing tdi. Khi mang H2. Nhift do buong bam mau (KT thuat chuang trinh nhift dg-PTV) 250°C. Nhift do Detecta 260°C. Chuang trinh nbilTdg budng dieu nhiet: 60° C (2min), tang 4''C/min eho den 220°C, dimg d nhiet dg niy frong 10 min.
Sac ky khi-khoipho (GC/MS): Vifc phin tich dinh tinh dugc thye hifn fren he thong thilt bi sic ky khi va phd ky lien hgp GC/MS cua hang Agilent Technologies HP 6890N. Agilent Technologies HP 6890N/ HP 5973 MSD dugc lip vdi cgt tach mao quin va van hanh sic ky nhu d tren vdi He lam khi mang.
Vifc xic nhan eic ciu tu dugc thye hifn bing each so sinh cie dir kifn pho MS ciia chiing vdi ph6 chuan da dugc cdng bd ed trong thu vifn Willey/Chemstation HP. Trong mgt so trudng hgp dugc kiem tra bang cie chit trong tinh dau da biet hoic chit chuin.
n . KET QUA NGHIEN CUTJ
1. Mo ta va phan bo cay Giac de sai gdn
Cay bui nhd, cao l-4m. Cinh non liic dau ed long, ve sau nhin. Li thudn hinh mie nguge, CO (8)13-18(22) X (2,5)3-5(6,5)cm, chdp fri hoic hoi ed mui, gde li trdn hay gin trdn, ci hai mit dSu khong cd ldng; gan ben rit md; cudng li dai 5-8mm. Hoa thudng mgc dan dgc d nich li, cuong ngin 5-6mm, d goc cuong mang 5-6 li bic nhd. Li dii hinh trii xoan, dai 5-6mm, d mit ngoai hai eo ldng. Cinh hoa diy; nhiing ehiee ngoai hinh mie rgng, ed 12-14 x 5-6cm, ci hai mat deu c6 ldng; cinh hoa trong hinh biu due, dai 7-9mm. Nhi nhieu, chi nhi ngin. Bau khong CO long, vdi ngin; num nbyy hinh pheu. Noan 1-2. Phan qui nhin, hinh frii xoan; cudng phan qua ngin, vo qua rat mdng. Hat mdng, mau xam.
Sinh thii: Cay ra hoa thing 12-5, cd qui thing 6-11. Mgc rii ric trong rimg vimg nui dit, tren dg cao 100-800m.
T'han bo: Quing Tn, D i Ning, Quing Nam, Khanh Hoa, Ninh Thuan, Kon Tum, Gia Lai, Dak Lik, Tiy Ninh, Binh Ducmg, Dong Nai, thanh pho Ho Chi Minh, Bi Ria-Vung Tau, Kien Giang, Nghf An. Cdn ed d Trung Qude (Hii Nam), Lao, Campuchia.
2. Thanh phan hda hgc cua tinh dau cay Giac de sai gdn
Nghien cim thinh phin hda hgc eiia tinh diu li cay Giie dS sai gdn (Goniothalamus gabriacianus (Baill.) Ast) d Hi TTnh bing phuang phip sic ky khi (GC) va sic ky khi khoi phd (GC/MS), han 50 hgp chit dugc tich ra tir tinh diu, frong dd da xic dinh dugc 35 hgp chit, chiem den 99,4%o cua tdng ham lugng tinh diu. Thinh phin chinh ciia tinh dau la a-pinen (44,5%), P-pinen (22,1%,) va P-phellandren (12,0%o) chiem 78,6%. Cie ciu tir khic it ban li a- phellandren (4,7%), p-myrcen (3,4%,), (E)-P-ocimen (2,8%), bicyclogermacren (2,5%,), P- caryophyllen (1,5%,) va y-terpinen (1,2%) (bing 1). Cie chat edn lai phin Idn cd ham lugng tir 0,1% din 0,9%.
Hau het cie loii thugc chi Giie de (Goniothalamus) deu c6 chii-a tinh diu hoic huang tham, song ham lugng va dianb phin hda hgc ciia tinh diu d moi loii thudng khic nhau. Day la nguon tai nguyen cd the dugc khai thic dl img dyng trong cie nginh y dugc trgng Urong lai.
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Thanh phan hoa hgc cua tinh dau la cay Giac de sai gdn (Goniothalamus gabriacianus (BaUI.) Ast) d Ha Tinh
Bang]
TT 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34- 35
Hgp chat a-thujen
a-pinen Camphen Sabinen P-pinen P-myrcen a-pbellandren 5-3-caren a-terpinen p-cymen P-phellandren (Z)-P-ocimen (E)-P-ocimen Y-terpinen Terpinolen Linalool Alloocimen terpinen-4-oI Bicycloelemen a-cubeben neryl acetat a-copaen geranyl acetat p-elemen a-gurjunen P-caryophyllen Aromadendren a-humulen Ishwaran y-gurjunen germacren D p-selinen Bicyclogermacren (E,E)-a-famesen 5-cadinen
KI 929 939 953 976 980 990 1006 1013 1016 1024 1028 1043 1052 1061 1090 1100 1111 1167 1327 1351 1362 1376 I38I 1391 1412 1419 1445 1454 1467 1477 1480 I486 1494 1508 1525
%FID 0,4 44,5
0,8 0,4 22,1
3,4 4,7 0,2 0,1 0,3 12,0
0,3 2,8 1,2 0,4 vet vet I .
0,2 vet vet 0,1 0,4 vet 0,1 0,1 1,5 vet 0,3 0,3 vet vet 0,1 2,5 0,2 vet
Ghi chu: vet < 0,1; KI = Kovats index (chi so Kovats).
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HI. KET LUAN
Him lugng tinh dau li cay Giie de sai gon (Goniothalamus gabriacianus (Baill.) Ast) d Hi . TTnh la 0,15%, theo him lugng tuai.
Thanh phan hda hgc eiia tinh dau tir li cay Giie de sai gdn (Goniothalamus gabriacianus (Baill.) Ast) d Ha TTnh gdm 35 hgp chit, chiem din 99,4% ciia ting ham lugng tinh diu. Cic hgp chat chinh cua tinh diu li a-pinen (44,5%), P-pinen (22,1%,) vi P-phellandren (12,0%) ehilm 78,6 %.
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO
1. Adams R. P., 2001: Identification of Essential Oil Components by Gas Chromatography/
Quadmpole Mass Spectrometry. Allured Publishing Corp, Carol Stream, IL.
2. Ahmad A. S., I. Jantan, F. Ahmad, 2005: Acta Horticulturae, 677: 27-36.
3. Ahmad F. B., I. B. Jantan, 2003: Flav. Fragr. J., 18(2): 128-130.
4. Nguyen Tien Ban, 2000: Thye vat chi Vift Nam, Tap I: Hg Na (Annonaceae). NXB. KH
& KT, Ha Ndi.
5. Boyom F. F., R. H. A. ZoIIo, C. Menut, G. Lamaty, J. M. Bessiere, 1996: Flav. Fragr.
J., 11:333-338.
6. Heller S. R., G. W. A. Milne, 1978, 1980, 1983: EPA/NIH Mass Specfral Data Base, U.S.
Government Printing Office, Washington DC.
7. Jantan L B., F. B. Ahmad, 2002: Flav. Fragr. J., 17(5): 372-374.
8. Jantan L B., F. B. Ahmad, L. B. Din, 2005: J. Essent. Oil Res., 17(2): 181-183.
9. Joulain D. W., A. Koenig, 1998: The Atlas of Spectral Data of Sesquiterpene Hydrocarbons, E. B'. Yerlag, Hamburg.
lO.Stenhagen E., S. Abrahamsson, F. W McLafferty, 1974: Registry of Mass Spectral Data.
Wiley. New York.
11 .Swigar A. A., R. M. Siverstein, 1981: Monoterpenens, Aldrich, Milwaukee.
^2.Takhtajan A. L., 1997: Diversity and Classification of Flowering Plants, New York, Columbia University Press.
13. Vietnamese Pharmacopoeia, 1997: Medical Publishing House, Hanoi, Vietnam.
C H E M I C A L C O M P O S I T I O N O F T H E ESSENTIAL O I L OF
GONIOTHALAMUS GABRIACIANUS (BaiU.) Ast F R O M H A T I N H PROVINCE DO NGOC DAI, TRAN DINH THANG, TRAN MINH HOI
SUMMARY
The leaf oil of Goniothalamus gabriacianus (Baill.) Ast collected from Ha Tinh provmce in May 2006 was isolated by steam disfiUation with oil yield of 0.15% and analyzed by Capillary GC and GC/MS.
Thirty five components have been identified accountmg for more than 99.4% of the oil. The major constituents of this oil appeared to be a-pinene (44.5%o), p-pinene (22.1%) and p- phellandrene (12.0). Predommant minor compounds included a-phellandrene (4.7%), P- myrcene (3.4%), (E)-P-ocunene (2.8%), bicyclogermacrene (2.5%), P-earyopbyllenc (1.5%) and y-terpinene (1.2%,).
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