Mot so nhdn to tac dong den y djnh khdi nghiep cua sinh vien dgi hoc
(Trudng hap sinh vien Dgi hoc Thang Long)
T R U d N G DtyC THAO NGUYEN TRUNG THUY LINH
I ifa tren 397 phie'u khao sat y kien cua sinh vien dang theo bpc tai Trifdng dai hgc Tbang Long, nghien cdu da chi ra y dinh khdi ngbiep cua sinh vien nha trifdng hien nay dang d trung binh vdi 3,66 diem va co 8 nhan td'tae dgng de'n y dinb khdi nghiep cua sinh vien dai hgc Thang Long theo td tit giam dan tvt (1) cam nhan ve tinh kha thi khi khdi nghiep;
(2) tac dgng tif phia nha trifdng; (3) cam nhan nang life ban than vdi khdi nghiep; (4) thai do vdi khdi nghiep; (6) ky vgng ban than vdi khdi nghiep; (6) vd'n tai chinh; (7) chuan mifc niem tin de'n; (8) vd'n the che. Nghien cdu cung de xua't mgt so'gdiy cbinh sach nham thuc d&y y dinh kbdi nghiep cho sinh vien Dai bgc Thang Long trong nhdng nam tdi
Txi k h o a : khdi nghiep, y dinh khdi nghiep, khdi ngbiep sinh vien, sinh vien Dai hgc Thang Long.
1. Gi6i t h i e u
Cung v6i sti phat trien khong ngiing eua phong trao khdi nghi§p b nfl6e ta, so' Ifldng cac doanh nghiep dflde t h a n h lap m6i trong nhflng nam qua cung t a n g rft't n h a n h , nhflng theo tho'ng ke eua GEM thi dp tuoi t r u n g binh cua ngflcii khcJi nghigp tap t r u n g chu ye'u cf 25 — 35 tuoi, r a t it ngflcii khcii nghiep h tip tuoi sinh vien. Trong khi do, khong it cac nghien cflu ve y dinh khcfi nghiep cua sinh vien tai mpt so' trfldng dai hpc Iai cho ke't qua eao, dieu nay eho t h a y eo the co nhflng n h a n to tac dpng lam a n h hfldng t6i y dinh khdi nghiep lam eho no chfla du 16n hay lien tuc de hien thpc hoa t h a n h h a n h vi khcfi nghiep.
Ben eanh do, v6i viec dfldc chu dong trong quan tri, dieu h a n h cae hoat dpng dao tao thi cac trfldng dai hpc ngoai cong lap cung da n h a n h chong thieh nghi khi dfla r a nhflng thay doi trong viec dao tao dinh hfldng flng dung, dao tao gan v6i khcfi nghiep ctia sinh vien, diem hinh nhfl trflcJng Dai hoc T h a n g Long, Dai hpe Dai Nam... qua do giup sinh vien CO dfldc dinh hfl6ng to't hdn, eo moi trflcfng tot hdn cho cac y tfldng khdi nghi§p cua minh. Qua tim hieu, nhom tac gia nh^in
t h a y h nfl6c ta, ehfla eo cong t r i n h nao thflc hien nghien cflu mpt each quy mo va hg tho'ng ve y dinh khdi nghiep cua sinh vien Dai hpc T h a n g Long, vi vay chung t6i tien h a n h nghien cflu nay n h ^ m xay dflng khung ly thuyet, d a n h gia dflcfc thflc t r a n g y dinh khdi nghigp va cac n h a n to' tac dpng de'n y dinh khcfi nghiep cua sinh vien Dai hpc Thang Long de tfl do d l xuat mpt so' gdi y chinh saeh cho viSe khong ngflng thuc d^y y dinh khdi nghiep cua sinh vien dai hpc noi chung va sinh vien Dai hpc T h a n g Long noi rigng.
2 . Ctf soT ly t h u y e t c u a n g h i e n citu.
2.1. Y dinh khdi nghiep
H a u h e t cae n g h i e n cflu ve y dinh khdi nghiep hien n a y dflcfc xay dflng t r e n n e n t a n g 1^ thuye't h a n h vi c6 k e h o a c h (TPB) dfldc khdi xfl6ng bdi Ajzen va cong sti (1975, 1991) khi cho r^ng, h a n h vi cua con ngfldi dflcfc xuat p h a t tfl y dinh cua hp. Dfldi tac dpng cua t h a i dp p h a n flng cua chu, t h e vdi
Tnrong Ehic Thao, TS.; Nguyin Trung Thtiy Linh ThS., Tru&ng dai hoc Thing Long.
8 6 Nghiin cOu Kmh tSsd8(495} - ThiH^^^;^
Mdt sd'nhdn td'tdc ffpng ,
hanh vi va sii anh hfldng cua chu^n mflc xa hpi se tao n e n y dinh thflc hien h a n h vi cua eon ngfldi dfldc bi^u hien b a n g ke hoach h a y kha nang mot ngfldi nao do, trong mpt bo'i eanh nh^i't dinh nao dd, se thflc hien h a n h vi (Fishbein and Ajzen, 1975, Ajzen, 1991).
Tfl cd sd ly thuye't cua Ajzen va c6ng sfl, mpt loat eac nghien cflu ve y dinh khdi nghiep da dfldc tien h a n h bdi Mariani va epng sti (2013), Bird (1988), Tubbs va Ekeberg (1991), Souitaris va cong s\l (2007), Huyen (2016), hay cua Ha Kien T a n va cong sti (2018)... Cac nghien cflu nay dfla r a nhiJng quan diem khac n h a u ve y dinh khdi nghiep nhflng tflu chung lai, ho deu k h a n g dinh, y dinh khdi nghiep la t r a n g t h a i ma mpt ca n h a n hfldng den tao dting mpt sfl nghiep kinh doanh mdi cho rieng minh; hp chfla kinh doanh nhflng c6 niem tin la se tao ra mpt doanh nghiep t h a n h cong cua rieng minh.
2.2. Mot so nhdn td'tae dgng tdi y dinh khdi nghiep cua sinh vien
Cd the ed r^'t n h i l u n h a n to tac dpng de'n y dinh khdi nghiep cua sinh vien, nhflng trong nghien cflu nay nhdm tac gia chu ye'u ke thfla tfl mo hinh nghien cflu eua Krueger va c6ng sfl (2000) va tong hdp them 3 n h a n to' khac la "tac dong tfl phia n h a trfldng", "vo'n tai chinh" va "vo'n t h e che" dfldc mot so' tac gia khac de xuat, tfl do dfla r a k h u n g ly thuyet cho viec tigh h a n h nghien cflu nay. Cu th^:
- Nhan td'ky vgng cua ban than vdi kbdi nghiep
Theo Krueger va cong sfl thi, k^ vpng b a n than la nhflng mong muo'n, nhflng hy vpng etia ea nhan ve k h a n a n g ho co t h e thtic hiSn mpt hanh dpng nao do, k j vpng cang cao thi y dinh thflc hien cang ldn Krueger va cong sfl (2000). Mpt loat cac nghiSn cflu khac cua Wenjun Wang va cong sfl (2011), Dinis, (2013), Quang va Cfldng (2017), Le Hieu Hpe va cdng sfl (2018), ciing deu k h a n g dinh ky vpng cua ban t h a n sinh vien cd tac dpng tdi y dinh khdi nghiep cua hp.
- Nhan to'thai dd vdi khdi nghiep Krueger va cong sfl k h a n g dinh thai dp vdi viec khdi nghiep dflde xem nhfl la mfle dp s i n sang khdi nghiep khi cd hpi de'n Krueger va cong sfl (2000). Cac nghien eflu cua Alsos va cong sfl (1993), Shook va cong sfl (2003), Autio va cong sfl (2001), Linan va Chen, (2009), Kolvereid va Isaksen (2006), Nguyen Quoc Nghi va epi>g sti (2018)... cung deu di de'n ke't hxktx r i n g , t h a i dp do'i vdi viec khdi nghiep kinh doanh cd anh hfldng tdi y dinh khdi nghigp ciia sinh vien.
- Nhan to'cam nh&n nang life bin than vdi khdingbiep
Linan va cong sti cho rang, nang Itic ban t h a n cam n h a n la sfl n h a n thflc ve k h a nang thflc hien mot hoat dpng nao dd thdng qua k h a nang thig't lap, duy tri, ki^m soat cae cd hpi Linan va Chen (2009). Krueger va epng sfl (2000) k h a n g d i r h nhflng ca nhan cam n h a n lac q u a n ve nan^^' Iflc cua minh se tti tin hdn trong viec thflc hien cac h a n h vi. Tren cd sd dd, mpt so' nghign eflu eua Brannback va cong sfl (2006), Trfldng Dflc Thao va cdng sfl (2018) cung de cap de'n cam n h a n cua cua sinh vien ve b a n t h a n se quyg't dinh den cac h a n h vi cua ho. Nghien cflu cua Le Hieu Hpc va epng sfl (2018) eung chi r a cam n h a n ve n a n g lilc b a n t h a n ed a n h hfldng tdi y dinh khdi nghigp eua sinh vien.
- Nhan to' cam nban ve tinb kha thi khi khdi ngbiep
Krueger va cong sti (2000) thi cam n h ^ n v l tinh k h a thi cd tae dpng tdi mflc dp mong muo'n va sfl quye't tam thtic hien h a n h vi cua ca nhan. Theo Le Hig'u Hpe va cong sfl (2018) thi cam n h a n v l tinh k h a thi co the dfldc xem la cam n h ^ n ve k h a n a n g thflc hien t h a n h cong hoat dpng khdi nghiep va ed tac dpng trtic tie'p den y dinh khdi nghiep.
- Nhan td'cbuan mdc niem tin Theo Fishbein va Ajzen (1975) va Krueger va cong sfl (2000) thi chuan mflc n i i m tin la n i i m tin ca n h a n cd t i n h chat xa hpi bi chi pho'i bdi nhflng ca n h a n xung quanh. Cac
NghUn cdu Kinh ^sd 8(495) • Thing 8/2019 87
Mot 50 nhan to tdc ddng .
nghien cflu eua Greve va cong sti (2003), Mueller (2006), Alex (2014), Tiang va cong sfl (2012)... cung deu giai thich r&ng ehuan mflc niem tin cd tac dpng tdi y dinh khdi nghiep eua cac ea n h a n .
• Nhan td'tae dgng tif phi'a nha trifdng Nha trfldng la ndi eung cap cho sinh vien nen tang kie'n thflc, ky n a n g khdi nghiep va mdi trfldng ho trd khdi nghiep eho sinh vien.
Ibrahim va epng sti thi npi dung va phfldng p h a p dao tao eua n h a trfldng co anh hfldng tdi y dinh khdi nghiep cua sinh vien Ibrahim va Soufani (2002). Cac nghign cflu cua Souitaris va epng sil (2007), Linan va epng sfl (2011), Rengiah (2013), P h a m Cao To va epng sti (2017)... cung deu nha'n manh tam quan trpng eua giao due dai hoc ed anh hfldng tdi y dinh khdi nghiep ciia sinh vien.
- Nhan td'vd'n tai chinh
Cac nghign eflu etia Fatoki va epng sfl (2010), Ferera va edng sfl (2011) thi vo'n khdng han la yeu to'quye't dinh de'n viec mpt ea n h a n cd khdi nghidp hay khong nhflng nd a n h hfldng r a t ldn de'n qua t r i n h big'n tfl y dinh den h a n h vi khdi nghiep. Cdn Alex (2014), Nguyin Thi Yen va cong sfl (2011), Lfldng Ngpe Minh (2019)... eung xem xet vd'n nhfl la yeu to' khong the thie'u khi nghien cflu y dinh khdi nghiep eua sinh vien, tham chi tac dpng r a t m a n h tdi y dinh khdi nghiep cua sinh vien.
• Nhan td'vd'n the che
Vd'n the chg' dfldc xem nhfl n h a n to' chu chd't cua he sinh t h a i khdi nghiep noi rieng va la yg'u to' quan trpng tac dpng de'n mpi mat cua hoat dpng kinh doanh ndi chung.
Nhieu nghien cflu ve p h a t trien ben vflng da de xua't vd'n the che' nhfl la mot n h a n to' tao sfl khac biet gifla cac nganh, eac quo'c gia, nhfl nghien cflu eua Simpson Simpson (2007), Fujun Shen (2009). Nghign cflu ciia Le The Phiet (2018) ve cai thien he sinh t h a i khdi nghigp nhSm thflc day phong trao khdi nghigp d Viet Nam cung da chi r a vai trd quan trpng cd t i n h quye't dinh ctia vo'n t h e
che dd'i v6i phong trao khdi nghiep " ^ ^ ^ "f * Hay nhfl cae nghign cflu cua Tran Thi Van Anh (2016); Hoang Thi Tfl (2016) d l u k h a n g dinh vai tro eua cd che chinh sach eua chinh phii trong viec kig'n tao moi trfldng he sinh t h a i khdi nghiep va dieu dd cd t h e tac dpng tdi y dinh khdi nghiep cua sinh vien.
3 . PhiioTng p h a p n g h i e n cijfu
Tfl cd sd ly thuyet, nhdm tae gia kh4i quat ngn bang hdi gom 41 t h a n g do vdi 3 t h a n g do cho "y dinh khdi nghiep" va 38 t h a n g do likert vdi 5 mfle dp (1- h o a n toan khdng dong y; 2 - it dong y; 3 - ntia dong y, nLta khdng dong y; 4 - dong y; 5 - h o a n toan dong y) dai dien cho 8 n h a n to' tac dpng dg'n y dinh khdi nghigp cua sinh vien. Tie'p theo, nhdm tac gia tig'n h a n h k h a o sat \h.xi va kiem dinh t h a n g do t h i t a t ca deu thda man, do vay, k h a o sat chinh thflc dfldc t i l n h a n h vdi 400 phieu p h a t r a mdt each ng^u nhien tai trfldng Dai hpc T h a n g Long, trong khoang thdi gian tfl t h a n g 4 de'n t h a n g 6 n a m 2019. K i t qua t h u ve 400 phieu, trong dd chi CO 3 phig'u khdng hdp le va 397 phieu hdp le. Cd m l u k h a o s a t du ldn de dam bao dp tin eay khi so' phie'u hdp le ldn hdn 5 lan so' cau hdi trong b a n g hdi (Hair va cong sti, 1998). Dfl lieu sau khi t h u t h a p dflpc xi( ly t r e n p h a n mem SPSS 20 va dfldc mdt sd'ke't qua sau:
S.l. Kei qud phan tich nhdn to khdm phd EFA
Kg't qua p h a n tieh EFA vdi 38 t h a n g do cua eae bie'n ddc lap cho gia tri KMO la 0,836 thda m a n 0,5<KMO<1 va gia tri Sig.=0,000, gia tri la tong phfldng sai trich la 74,388% va Eigenvalues 1,029 > 1 . D i l u nay cho thS^y cac bien t h a n h p h a n cd lign q u a n vdi n h a u va giai thich cho bie'n tong.
K i t qua ma t r a n n h a n to xoay eho cac b i l n nhdm lai t h a n h 8 n h a n to' chinh, cac b i l n dac trflng deu co he so' tai n h a n to ldn hdn 0,5 va dfldc x i p t h a n h 8 n h a n to dai dien cho eac n h a n to' tac dpng de'n y dinh khdi nghiep cua sinh vien Dai hpc T h a n g Long p h u hdp vdi md h i n h ly thuyet nen khong
88 Nghiin aiu Kmh ^sd8(495) - ThU^^^J^^
Mgt so nhan It'tic flong .
loai bo bien nao. Sau khi phan tich EFA, thti ta cac nhan to diidc sSp xep theo bang sau:
BANG 1: Bang quy itcfc cac khai niem va thang do nghien cilu IT
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 S
NhflnUS T^c dflng tir phia nhi tm&ng (TDNT) Cam nhan v^ ti'nh khi thi khi khoi nghifip (TKT) Cam nhan ve nang luc ban than v6i khoi nghiep (NLKN) Thai dfl v6i khtri nghiSp (TDKN)
V«n tii chfnh (NVKN) VSnth£che(VTO Chu^ muc ni^m tin (CMNT)
KJ vong ciia ban than v6i kh6i nghidp (KVKN)
Thang do
TNI, TN2, TN3, TN4, TN5, TN6, TN7, TN8 KTl, KT2, KT3, KT4, KT5, KT6 NLl, NL2, NL3, NL4, NL5 TD1,TD2, TD3,TD4 NV1,NV2,NV3,NV4 TC1,TC2,TC3,TC4 NT1,NT2,NT3,NT4 KV1,KV2,KV3 Khi d6 ham hdi quy dflde viet lai nhfl sau:
YDKN po -I- pl*TDNT -i-' p2*TKT -l- p3*NLKN + p4*TDKN -i- p5*NVKN + p6*VTC + p7*CMNT + p8*KVKN + e
3.2. Kei qud kiem dinh thang do cdc nhdn to tdc dgng
Tiep theo nhdm tac gia tien h a n h kiem dinh t h a n g do dd'i vdi 38 t h a n g do dai dign cho 8 n h a n to' tae dpng dd'n y dinh khdi nghigp cua sinh vien Dai hpc Thang Long, ket qua nhfl sau:
BANG 2: B a n g t o r n t a t h e so' C r o n b a c h ' s A l p h a c u a c a c k h a i n i e m n g h i e n ciJfu TT Biehquan
sit
Tmng binh tiiang do ne'u loai bi£n
Phucmg sai ciia thang do n^u Ioai biSii
He &6 tucmg quan vdi bien t6ag
He &6 Cronbach's Alpha neii loai bieil Nhan 16' 1: tic dflng tif phi'a nha tru&ng (TDNT) (0=0.951)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
TDNTl TDNT2 TDNT3 TDNT4 TDNT5 TDNT6 TDNT7 TDNT8
16,10 16,04 16,15 16,17 16,11 16,12 16,16 16,16
46,243 47,319 45,858 46,301 46,948 45,518 46,814 45,122
0,820 0,807 0,853 0,755 0,837 0,852 0,782 0,849
0,944 0,945 0,942 0,949 0,943 0,942 0,947 0,942 Nhan t3 2: cam nhto vj tinh kha thi khi khcri nghiep (TKT) (0=0,901)
I 2 3 x4 5 6
TKTl TKT2 TKT3 TKT4 TKT5 TKT6
14,68 14,64 14,61 14,61 14,75 14,63
18,057 18,978 18,774 18,179 18,690 19,956
0,710 0,739 0,775 0,738 0,720 0,721
0,888 0,882 0,877 0,882 0,885 0,886 Nhan tfl 3: cam nhan v^ nang lire ban than vdi khcri nghigp (NLKN) (0=0,882)
1 2 3 4 5
NLKNl NLKN2 NLKN3 NLKN4 NLKN5
16,40 16,49 16,45 16,45 16,44
10,236 9,680 9,915 10,410 10,489
0,735 0,757 0,722 0,707 0,666
0,853 0,847 0,856 0,859 0,868
Nghiin cdu Kinh tdsS8(495) • Thing 8/2019 8 9
Mdt sjf nhan te'tic fldng ,
TT Bi&iquan sit
l^ung binh Ifaang do ndij loai bieb
Fhudng sai ciia tliang do neu Ioai bi&i
He s ^ tuong quan vdi bi& t ^ g
He stf Cronbach's A l p h a n f t i l o 3 i i ! s ! _ Nhan tfl 4: thai dfl v(5i khcri nghidp (TDKN) (0=0,880) ^
1 2 3 4
TDKNl TDKN2 TDKN3 TDKN4
12,33 12,23 12,33 12,32
4,519 4,709 4,298 4,437
0,725 0,738 0,773 0,728
0,852 0,848 0,833 0,851 Nhan t« 5; von tai chi'nh (NVKN) (0=0,876)
1 2 3 4
NVKNl NVKN2 NVKN3 NVKN4
11,05 10,94 11,03 10,95
9,134 8,578 8,386 8,171
0,634 0,757 0,750 0,794
0,879 0,832 0,834 0,816 Nhan tfl 6: vfln tai chinh ( V T Q (0=0,884)
1 2 3 4
VTCl VTC2 VTC3 VTC4
11,21 11,31 11,13 11,14
5,871 6,314 5,956 6,104
0,781 0,701 0,774 0,735
0,838 0,869 0,841 0,856 Nhan lfl 7: chuin muc niim tin (CMNT) (0=0,858)
1 2 3 4
CMNTl CMNT2 CMNT3 CMNT4
11,80 12,02 11,76 11,94
6,808 5,505 6,223 5,822
0,618 0,768 0,747 1 0,696
0,853 0,792 0,804 0,824 Nhan tfl 8: ky vong ciia ban than vdi khdi nghidp (KVKN) (0=0,858)
I
1 ^
3 KVl KV2 KV38,35 8,24 8,13
2,784 2,853 2,983
0,752 0,729 0,711
0,779 0,801 0,818 Ngudn: K^t qua xii ]•$ s6 li^u trfin phSn m^m SPSS.
K i t qua kiem dinh cho thay, he sd' Cronbach's Alpha cua ca 8 n h a n td' d l u ldn hdn 0,8 va he so' tfldng quan b i l n tong eua cac thang do d l u Idn hdn 0,3 ngn khdng loai hd them bie'n nao, cac t h a n g do la phfl hdp de cd the tien h a n h cac p h a n tich tiep theo.
5. Thijec t r a n g c a c n h a n t o t a c d o n g d e n y d i n h khcii n g h i e p c u a s i n h v i e n Dai h o c T h a n g L o n g
5.1. Kei qud thong ke mo td cdc nhan to tdc dgng de'n y dinh khdi nghiep cua sinh vien Dai hgc Thdng Long Bang 8 thong kg mo ta thflc t r a n g danh gia
cua sinh vien Dai hpc T h a n g Long ve cac n h a n td'tae dpng tdi y dinh khdi nghidp. Ket qua cho th&'y, cac sinh vien Dai hpc Thang Long ed cam nhS,n n a n g Itlc ban t h a n v l khdi nghiep d mflc cao, hp cung cd thai dp phan flng tich ctic vdi viec khdi nghigp va ky vpng cao vao viec khdi nghiep... Nhflng hp lai cam tha'y vide khdi nghiep kho k h a thi vi cac tac ddng tfl phia n h a trfldng cdn d mfle tha'p.
Dieu nay p h a n a n h tot thflc t l giao diic dai hpc Vigt Nam ndi chung va Dai hpc Thang Long ndi rigng khi ma ndi dung cac chfldng trinh dao tao cdn n a n g tinh 1;^ thuye't
9 0 Nghiin cdu Kinh tesS8(495) • ThAii^^J^
Mdt so nhan td'tdc Ogng
phfldng phap giang day cd' dien, thie'u mdi trfldng hd trp khdi nghiep...
B A N G 3: B a n g t h o n g k e m o t a c a c n h a n t o t a c d o n g d e n y d i n h khdri n g h i e p c u a s i n h v i e n Dai h o c T h a n g L o n g
TT 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Nhan ttf K^ vong ciia ban than vdi khdi nghidp Thai dfl vdi khdi nghidp
Cam nhan nang iuc ban than vdi khoi nghidp (3am nhan vd tinh kha thi khi khdi nghidp Chuin muc nidm tin
Tic dflng tft piiia nha tmdng Vfl'n tai chi'nh Vfln Ihi chd
N 397 397 397 397 397 397 397 397
Trung binh 4,12 4,10 4.11 2,93 3,96 2,31 3,67 3,73
Do Idch chuin 0,928 0,807 0,951 1,045 0,956 1,121 1,120 0,935 Ngudn: Ket qua xft Ij* sO' lieu tren phin m^m SPSS.
5.2. Mvic do vd ehieu hiidng tdc dgng cua cdc nhan to den y dinh khdi nghiep cua sinh vien Bai hgc Thdng Long K i t qua p h a n tich so' lieu eho tha'y, thflc trang y dinh khdi nghiep cua sinh vidn Dai hpc Thang Long hien n a y dang d mflc tfldng dd'i cao vdi gia tri t r u n g binh n h a n td' dat 3.66 diem. Kg't qua n a y n h i n c h u n g k h a p h u BANG 4: Thiic t r a n g
hdp vdi mdt sd' nghien cflu v l y dinh khdi nghiep ciia sinh vien tai mot so' trfldng dai hpc cua Viet N a m cua cac tac gia khac, nhflng cung chinh vi thg' ma can phai nghien cflu cae tac dpng ctia cac n h a n to' d i n y dinh khdi nghiep, bdi vi thflc te cho thay so' Ifldng sinh vidn khdi nghiep d nfldc ta lai khong cao.
y d i n h khdi n g h i e p
Ban mufln tid thanh mflt doanh nhan trong cucmg Iai Ban CO ^ chi ldn vd vide khdi siJl doanh nghidp cua rienf minh trong tucmg Iai
Ban lim tit ca de tao lap va duy tii doanh nghidp ciia minh trcmg tucmg lai
TB
N 397 397
397 397
GTNN 1 1
I GTLN
5 5
5 . TB 3,81 3,70
3,49 3,67
DO lech chuin 0,739 0,650
0,676 .p,688 Ngudn: Kft qua \xt ly s6' Yttu. trtn ph^n m^m SPSS.
De danh gia mflc dp tac dpng cua cac n h a n td' den y dinh khdi n g h i e p eua sinh vien Dai hpe T h a n g Long, n h d m tac gia tig'n h a n h p h a n tieh sfl phti t h u d e eua "y dinh khdi nghiep" cua sinh vien n h a trfldng vao eac bie'n dpc lap da neu. T r o n g
BANG 5: B a n g k e t q u a h o i q u y
n g h i e n cflu n a y , n h o m tac gia t i n h gia tri cua bie'n p h u thudc va cae bien ddc lap t r o n g mo h i n h dfldc theo gia t r i t r u n g binh da t i n h d i n t r p n g so' cua eac q u a n s a t (factor score). K e t q u a p h a n tich hoi quy dfldc t h e hien nhfl sau:
Model I
R 0,715"
He stf x i c dinh R ' 0,511
R* hidu ciiinh 0,501
Sai stf chuin cua udc luong 0,70674021
Durbm-Watson 1,888 a. Predictors: (Constant), KVKN, CMNT, VTC, TDKN. NVKN, NLKN. TKT, TDNT
b. Dependent Variable: YDKN
Ngudn: Kft qua \\t Iy s6' liSu trfin p h ^ m^m SPSS.
Nghiin cdU Kinh tdsd8(495) • Thing 8/2019 9 1
Mpt sA'nhdn 16'tic ddng ,
Ket qua p h a n tieh hoi quy eho tha'y he so' xae dinh R^ = 0,511, dieu n a y ndi ldn dp thich hpp cua md hinh dat 51,1%. De kiem dinh dp phu hdp cua md hinh hoi quy tong the, c^n xem xet gia tri tho'ng ke F trong bang phan
ti'ch phfldng sai ANOVA. Theo bang 6, gia t n F = 50,603, v6i mfle y nghia Sig. = O-^O*^ *^
0,05, budc dau cho tha'y md hinh hdi^ quy tuyen tinh phu hdp vdi t a p dfl lieu va cd t ^ - svf dung dfldc.
) the
Mfl binh
1
Hdi quy Phin du Total
BANG 6; Ket qua
Ttfng c i c binh phuung 202,201 193,799 396,000
phan tich phifcing sai ANOVA
B a c t u d o ( d f ) 8 388 396
Phuong sai 25,275
0,499 F 50,603
Sig.
0,000"
a. Dependent Variable- YDKN
b. Predictors: (Constant), KVKN, CMNT, VTC, TDKN, NVKN, NLKN, TKT, TDNT Ngudn: Kfi't qua xu ]y sO' lieu trfin ph^ mim SPSS, He so* phdng dai phfldng sai VIF t h u dfldc
trong bang 7 eua cae n h a n to' d l u bang 1 va hd sd' ham h6i quy B vdi he sd' Beta chu^n hda d l u bang n h a u la do phfldng phap tinh cac gia tri theo gia tri t r u n g binh ed trpng sd'
thi cac dfl lidu khi chay hoi quy deu da dfldc chuan hda trfldc, tfl do, cd the ke't lulln rang, mo hinh hoi quy khdng vi p h a m hign tfldng da cong tuyen, tflc la eae bien dpc lap cd tfldng quan chat che vdi n h a u .
BANG 7: K^t q u a p h a n t i c h h o i q u y d a b i e n
1 (Constant)
TDNT TKT NLKN TDICN NVKN VTC CMNT KVKN
He stf chua chuin hda B
6.632E-0I6 0,396 0,442 0,226 0,154 0,178 0,052 0,136 0,176
Sai stf chuin 0,035 0,036 0,036 0,036 0,036 0,036 0,036 0,036 0,036
He stf da chuin hda Beta
0,396 0,442 0,226 0,154 0,178 0,052 0,136 0,176
t
0,000 11,156 12,433 6,357 4,332 5,025 1,465 3,824 4,959
Sig.
1,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,144 0,000 0,000
Thtfng ke cflng tuy&i D o c h i p nhan
1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1.000
VIF
1,000 1,000 1,000 I,00O 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 a. Dependent Variable: YDKN
Ngudn: Kdt qua xit ly sd lieu trdn phan mdm SPSS Tii kfi't qua phan tich hoi quy ta co:
YDKN = 0,396*TDNT + 0,442*TKT + 0,226*NLKN + 0,164*TDKN + 0,178*NVKN + 0,052*VTC + 0,136*CMNT + 0,176*KVKN + 6,632E-016
Mo h i n h t r e n giai thich tjucjc 50,1% (R"
hieu chinh = 0,501), sil t h a y ddi ciia "y dinh khfli nghiep" cua sinh vien Dai hgc T h a n g Long la do cac bien doc lllp trong m6 h i n h tao ra, con lai 49,9% sil t h a y ddi ciia "^ dinh
92 NghiSn cOu Kinh tSsd 8(495) • Thing eJZ019
Mdt so nhdn to tac flong ...
khdi nghiep" eua sinh vidn Dai hpe T h a n g Long dfldc giai thich bdi cac n h a n to' k h a c ngoai mo hinh va sai so* n g a u nhien. Trong dd, ca 8 n h a n to' deu tac dpng t h u a n chieu vdi "y dinh khdi nghiep" cua sinh vien Dai hpc Thang Long va theo mflc dp giam d a n tfl cao nha't la n h a n td' "Cam n h a n v l tinh k h a thi khi khdi nghiep" vdi he so' P2=0,442 va d mflc y nghia a<0,01; thfl h a i la n h a n to' "tac dpng tfl phia n h a trfldng" vdi he so' pl=0,396 va d mflc y nghia a<0,01; thfl ba la n h a n td'
"cam n h a n nang Iflc b a n t h a n vdi khdi nghiep" vdi he sd' ^3=0,226 va d mflc y nghia a<0,01; thfl tfl la n h a n to' "voh tai ehinh" vdi he so |35=0,178 va d mflc y nghia a<0,01; thfl nam la n h a n to' "ky vpng b a n t h a n vdi khdi nghiep" vdi he so' P8=0,176 va d mflc y nghia a<0,01; thfl sau la n h a n td' "thai dd vdi khdi nghiep" vdi he so' P4=0,154 va d mflc y n g h i a oc<0.01; thfl bay la n h a n td'"ehu^n mflc n i i m tin" vdi he so P7=0,136 va d mflc y nghia a<0,01; tha'p nha't va thfl t a m la n h ^ n to'
"vo'n the che" vdi he sd' P6=0,052 va d mflc y nghia a<0,15. Nhfl vay, cd t h e t h a y 2 n h a n to' ma sinh vien Dai hpc T h a n g Long d a n h gia thflc trang hien nay dang t h a p . Hp eho rang trfldng dai hpe chfla t r a n g bi cho hp dfldc n h i l u kie'n thflc, ky n a n g de khdi nghiep, vi t h i hp d a n h gia thtfp t i n h k h a thi;
ne^u khdi nghiep thi 2 n h a n to' nay lai tac dpng r a t manh d i n y dinh khdi nghiep cua hp. Ben canh dd, nguon vd'n tai chfnh d a n h cho khdi nghidp khdng p h a i nhSn to' tac dpng manh nha't de'n y dinh khdi nghiep cua sinh vign Dai hpc T h a n g Long cung nhfl niem tin ve sfl t h a n h cdng ma xa hdi d a t vao hp, hay nhflng va'n d l lien q u a n de'n t h e c h i se khdng tac dpng nhieu den y dinh khdi nghiep eua hp.
6. K e t l u a n v a h a m y c h i n h s a c h Qua viec he thong hda va p h a n tich cac cdng trinh nghien cflu cua cac tac gia d trong va ngoai nfldc ve y dinh khdi nghiep cua sinh vien, nghien cflu n a y da lap l u a n va chi r a cd 08 n h a n to tac ddng tdi y dinh khdi nghiep cua sinh vien Dai hpc T h a n g
Long va dflpc sap xe'p theo thfl tfl giam dan tfl: (1) cam n h a n ve t i n h k h a thi khi khdi nghiep; (2) tae ddng tfl phia n h a trfldng; (3) cam n h a n n a n g Iflc b a n t h a n vdi khdi nghiep; (4) vd'n tai chi'nh; (5) ky vpng b a n t h a n vdi khdi nghiep; (6) t h a i dp vdi khdi nghigp; (7) c h u a n mtic n i i m tin; (8) vd'n the che. Tfl k i t qua nay, nghien cflu d l xuat mdt sd' gdi y chinh sach de thflc day y dinh khdi nghiep cua sinh vien Dai hpc Thang Long ndi rieng va sinh vien dai hpe ngoai cdng lap d Viet Nam noi chung trong thdi gian tdi:
Mgt la can d i l u ehinh npi dung chfldng trinh dao tao trong cae n h a trfldng vdi viec trien k h a i dao tao ve khdi nghiep cho sinh vien va cac mon bd trd.
Hai la cai tie'n phfldng phap giang day theo dinh hfldng flng dung, khuyd'n khich sinh vien t r i n h bay, giang vign hfldng dan va chia se kinh nghiem thflc te'.
Ba la to' ehflc cac cupc thi ve y tfldng khdi nghiep cua sinh vien trong cac n h a trfldng.
Bd'n la t h a n h lap b a n chuygn trach hd trd sinh vien khdi nghiep de tie'p nhSn eae y tfldng, trd giflp d a n h gia tinh k h a thi, hfldng d i n lap dti an, hfldng d i n keu gpi vd'n cho sinh vien...
Nam la t h a n h lap cae cau lac bp nhfl "nha doanh nghiep tre", "vfldn fldm khdi nghiep"...
de tao mdi trfldng sinh hoat khdi nghiep cho sinh vien.
Sau la tao cac quy ho trd khdi nghiep cho sinh vien, keu gpi dau tfl, ho trd vdn ban d^u cho cac dfl an khdi nghiep./.
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Ngay nhan bai: 14-6-2019 Ngay nhan ban siia: 28-6-2019 Ng^y duyet dSng: 18-7-2019
Nghiin cOU Kinh tdsd 8(495) • Thing 8/2019 95
