KINH DOANH
NGHIEN Cifu CAC GIAI PHAP DE GIAM CHI PHI VAN TAI TRONG
HOAT DONG LOGISTICS
• TANG TH! HANG
TOM TAT:
Cd 5 phffdng thffc vdn tai cd bdn la: DUdng sat, dUdng bd, hang khdng, dUdng thuy va dUdng d'ng. M6i phUdng thffc van tai cd nhifng ddc did'm dich vu vd chi phi khdc nhau. Vdn tai giff vai trd quan trpng va cd tac ddng dd'n hieu qua boat ddng logistics. Vi chi phi van tai la thdnh ph^n quan trpng trong logistics, giam cbi phi van tdi se tac ddng ldn tdi chi phi logistics. Bai vi^*! de c | p de^n td'i ffu hda chi phi logistics dd'i vdi hp thong phan phd'i thff cd'p cua chuoi cung ffng bdn hdng, d6ng thdi phdn tich nhiJng yd'u td' khdc nhau va dffa ra giai phdp dd' giam chi phi vdn tai trong boat dpng logistics.
Tu^ khda: Giam chi pM van tai, hoat dpng logistics, chi phi vdn tai, chi phi logistic.
l.Dgt va'nde
Chi phi van tai hang hda la toan bd cac chi phi trffc tie^p va gian tie'p lien quan tdi hoat dpng van tdi hang hda [8]. Tuy muc dich theo ddi, quan ly hay danh gia cua hoat ddng, chi phi trong van tai hdng hod cd the chia theo cac khoan muc: Chi phi tien Iffdng va cac khodn theo Iffdng; Chi phi nguydn, nhien, vdt lieu; Chi phi bdo dffdng, sffa chfla; Chi phi khd'u hao tdi san cd' dinh. Ngoai ra, cdn cd cac loai phi vd le phi khdc: Phi eau dffdng, phi cau pha; Le phi ben bai; Bao biem bat bupe dd'i vdi phUdng tien van tai; Chi phi khong chinh thffc trong van tdi hay chi phi "md".
Nhffng ye'u to' dnh hffdng den chi phi van tai dffdc de edp trong nhffng nghidn cii'u nhU: He thd'ng dudng bd kem eha't lUdng (cha't lUdng cd sd ha tang dudng bp nhff chieu rpng, dp bang phang.
dp an toan cua ede tuye^n dudng ciing nhU kha ndng chiu tai trpng cua dUdng chffa ddp ffng du nhu eau van tai cua nen kinh te); Gia nhien lidu;
Chay xe tro'ng hang; Cbi phi lao ddng.
Theo nghidn cffu ciia Annika Knutsson (2008), The Future Development of Transportation Costs - A Study for Volvo Logistics: Da ddnh gid ed sd ha tang Id nhan to' quan trpng tbff bai anh hffdng den chi phi van tai. He thd'ng dudng bd kem cha't Iffdng anh hffdng den thdi gian di chuyen vd gay tieu hao nhien lieu van hanh mdy mdc. Gid nhien lieu ed md'i quan he chat che va la nhan td' dnh hudng ldn nhd't de'n chi phi van chuyen.
Theo Gerard De Jong va cdng sff (2010), Thay ddi ve gia nhien lieu ed the anh hffdng trUe tie'p den sd nhien lieu tieu thu, sd km quang dUdng xe di va so' tan ha ng xe ehd.
Trong nghien cffu cua Chaiyot Peetijade va Atbikom Bangviwat (2012), eho thay chay xe trdng hang la mdt ye'u td dien hinh dd'i vdi nganh van tai khid'n ehi phi vdn tai gia tdng vd vd'n de sff dung nhien lieu, nang Iffdng khdng hieu qua.
Nhffng tde gid Supee Teravaninthom and Gael Raballand (2009), da neu chi phi van tai bao gdm cbi phi cd' dinh va ehi phi bie'n ddi vdi ti le 30/70 va ti le 40/60 kbi so sanh nhffng khu vUc khac nhau.
Nghidn cffu cua trffdng Dai hpc Hofstra, My (2006) eho bie't Chi phi van tai bien (khong sii"
dung container) trung blnh chie'm khoang tff 5%
de'n 10% da giam chi eon khoang 1,5% gid bdn cuasanphamkbisffdimgvdn tdi container. Trong kbi dd ehi phi khai thdc don vi cho van chuyen mdt container gidm ddng ke khi sff dung tau container cd trpng tai Idn thay cho tau trpng tai nhd.
2. ThUc trgng chi phi vgn tdi trong hoat dgng logistics
2.1. Hogt dgng dieu phdi logistics tgi Viet Nam Theo Douglas M. Lambert, tdng ehi phi logistics gdm 6 nhdm ehu ye'u: Chi phi lien quan tdi dich vu khdch hang, chi phi lien quan tdi van tai, chi phi hen quan tdi dff trff, chi phi Hen quan tdi qudn ly kho, chi phi lien quan tdi san xua't, chi phi lien quan tdi giai quye't ddn bang va thdng tin.
Tai Viet Nam, cde boat ddng logistics cd ban difdc chia thanh nhffng nhdm ehffc nang: van tai, cd sd ha tdng, quan ly hang dff trff, thdng tin va lien lac, giao nhdn hang hda vd chffng tff. Cdc doanh nghiep eung cap dich vu van tai ndi dia, van tai qud'c te, cang bien, cang hang khdng, lffu kho bai, quan ly hang hda, giao nhdn. Mot sd' nha cung cd'p dich vu 3PL ldn Eai Viet Nam nhu DHL Logistics, Damco, APL Logistics, Vinafco, Gemadept, Transimex.
Nhffng blnh thffc cua van tai da phffdng thffc (VTDPT) nhu la: Van tai hang khdng / Van tai 6 to; Van tai dUdng sat / Van tdi d td; Van tai dUdng sat / van tdi d td / van tai thuy ndi dia - Vain tai bien - Van tdi dffdng sat / van tai d td / van iai thuy npi dia.
Theo Cong Udc cua Lien hdp qud'c ve chuyen chd hang hoa bang VTDPT qudc te va Quy tac ciia UNCTAD va ICC ve chffng tff VTDPT:
VTDPT la bang boa dffdc van chuyen bang hai hay nhieu phffdng thffc van tai khdc nhau, tren cd sd mdt chffng tff van tdi, mdt chd dp trdch nhi§m ve hang hod trong sud't hanh trinh chuyen chd tif mpt dia diem ndy den mdt dia diem khac.
Theo Nghi dinb 87/ND-CP 2009: "Van tai da phffdng thffc" la viec van chuyen hang hod b^ngit nhd't hai phffdng thffc vdn tai khac nhau iren cd sd mpt hdp ddng van tdi da phffdng thtfc.
Tai Viet Nam, mpt sd cdng ty hien tai cung ca'p dich vu iuu kho va phan phd'i nhU Sotrans, Transimex, Gemadept,...
Cdng thdng quan ndi dia (ICD) la mdt m^t xich trong qud trinh van chuyen da phUdng thffe, eung cap cdc dich vu xff ly, lffu kho tam thdi va thong quan cho hang hda contamerde'nva rdi cang bien.
Cang can cd the la dia diem gom hang, ket no'i he thd'ng dffdng bd vd cdng.
Hoat dpng giao nhan hang nhff la giao nhan hang nguyen container (FCL), giao nhan hdng le (LCL).(Hmhl)
2.2. Chi phi van tdi trong hogt dgng logistics Chi phi logistics bao gdm chi phi van chuyen npi dia va chi phi xe'p dd, lffu kho tai cang - chiem 64% tdng chi phi - cao hdn so vdi chi phi tuan thi quy dinb bao gdm chi phi tuan thu chffng tiT kiem tra chuyen nganh ngoai cffa khau, vd chi phi tudn Hinh 1: Nii<e's Supply Chain
*\ Customer DC or Customer J
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KINH DOANH
thu hdi quan vd cdc cd quan khac tai cffa khau - chiem 36% tdng chi phi. Chi phi xe'p dd va lffu kho tai cang la npi dung chi ldn nha't (39,5%). Ne'u chi tiet hdn, tdng chi phi nhap khau bao gom chi phi tuan thii ve chffng tff kiem tra chuyen ngdnh (25%), chi phi thu tuc hai quan tai cffa khau (11%), chi phi thu tuc cde cd quan khac ngoai hdi quan tai cffa khau (0% - ebi dd'i vdi hang hda khao sat eho Bdo edo Mdi trffdng Kinb doanh 2018), chi phi van chuyen ndi dia (24,5%), va chi phi xdp dd, lUu kho tai cang (39,5%).
Chi tiet ve chi phi xud't khau bang tien cua Viet Nam cho tha'y chi phi logistics cao hdn so vdi ehi phi tuan thu quy dinh. Trong khi chi phf logistics, bao gdm van chuyen npi dia va chi phi xdp dd lffu kho tai cdng, chie'm 63% tdng chi phi bang tien, thi chi phi tudn thu quy dinh, bao gdm tuan thu chffng tff kiem tra chuyen nganh, tuan thu thu tuc hai quan va cdc cd quan khdc ngoai hai quan tai ciia khau chi chie'm 37% tdng chi phi. Xe'p dd va Iffu kho tai cdng la cdng doan td'n tien nha't khi tinh chi phi xua't khau (33%). Ne'u chi tie't hdn, tdng ehi phi xuat khau bao gdm chi phi tudn thu kiem tra chuyen nganh (23%), chi phi thu tuc hai quan (10%), chi phi thu tuc vdi cdc ed quan khac ngoai hai quan (4%), chi phi van ehuydn ndi dia (30%), va chi phi xd'p dd va lffu kho tai cang (33%).
Ngudn: Bdo cdo Mdi trffdng Kinh doanh, Ngdn hang The gidi (2018).
Vdi 95% lUdng container di va den Cai Mep - Thi Vai dUdc van chuyen bang sd lan tff cdc iCD khu vUc TP. Hd Chi Minh. Do cd quy dinb ban che trung chuyen container qua TP. Ho Chi Minh nen cd tdi 40-80% lUu Iffdng hang hda container di vd ddn cdc cang ndi thanh (SPCT, VICT) dffdc van chuyen bdng sd lan tff cdc ICD bd tri tai nffa ben kiacuaTP.Ho Chi Minh.
Cae tuye'n qud'c Id vd dffdng nd'i ddn tdi nhieu ICD cung ddng gop mdt phan vao tinb trang ijn tac chung tai khu vffc TP. Ho Chi Minh. Ngoai ra cdn ed nhffng va'n de ve an todn giao thdng tren cac tuye'n dffdng thuy ndi dia do sd' Iffdng idn sd lan van chuyen container di va de'n cdc edng bien.
Neu cai thien dffdc chd't Iffdng cua he thdng cd sd ha tang tren bp va dffdng thuy ndi dia nay thi se
ndng cao dffdc dang ke hieu qua cua cdc cang cua mien Nam, ciing nhff gidm chi phi boat ddng cho cac hang van tai.
Do mien Bdc thu hut dffdc nhieu boat dpng san xud't hdn nen cd tinh trang ian tac tai cang khu vffc Hdi Phong, tff do dan den viec cdc hdng sdn xua't phai ma't nhieu thdi gian hdn de ehuyen container ddn hang van tai bien. Theo dd, ehi phi hang tdn trff eua CHTH se tang, dae biet la nhffng hang hda can van ehuyen ga'p. Hau qua tUdng tU eung se dien ra vdi tinb trang iJn tac ngay cang tang tren cac tuye'n qud'e Id cua khu vUc TP. Ho Chi Minh ke't nd'i giffa cae cang, ICD, khu vffc san xua't, trung tdm kho van [5].
Nganh van tai dudng bd Phan ldn cdc DVDVKV deu ebo bidt cbi phi van tai dffdng bp cua Vidt Nam eao hdn Trung Qud'c, An Dp, Malaixia, Thai Lan. Ddng thdi, cha't lUdng van tai dudng bp cua Viet Nam cung bi cho la tha'p bdn so vdi An Dp, Thdi Lan, va chi tffdng dffdng vdi Trung Qud'c, Malaixia. Vidt Nam chffa cd hang van tai xuyen Viet, trong khi hau bet cdc hang van tdi cdn cd quy md nhd va sff dung phffdng tien cii, thieu bao dffdng. Thai dp eua ldi xe nhln chung cdn chffa td't. De dap ffng yeu cau cua khaeh hang, mdt sd' DVDVKV da phai dau tU dpi xe van tai rieng. (Hinh 2)
Cbi phi nhien lieu phu thude vao hieu suat sff dung nhien lieu cua xe tai va sd' km xe chay. Xe chay tuyen ngdn (nhU myen Ha Ndi - Hai Phdng) thudng di chuyen 5.000 km mdi thdng trong khi xe chay tuye'n ddi hdn nbu tuye'n Ha Npi-TP. Ho Cbi Minh cd qudng dffdng di chuyen la 10.000 km mdi thang. Hieu sud't sff dung nhien lieu phu thupc vao tai trpng cua xe [7]. (Bang 1)
5 muc chi phi hang dau cua cdc ddn vi van tai Id ehi phi xang dau, cau dffdng, chi phi khdng chinh thffc, lai sua't va lUdng tra cho lai xe. Chi phi xang dau la ydu td'chi phi quan trpng nhat eua cdc ddn Vl van tai bang hda. chie'm ty trpng cao nha't trong tdng chi phi. Do chi phi xang dau lien quan trffc tie'p ddn trpng tai cua xe, nen can tdp trung cai thien thiet ke' ddng cd xe tdi trong tffdng lai de dam bao hieu sua't sff dung nhien lieu eao hdn.
Nhffng ITnh vffc cd the cai thien khae la han che
Hinh 2: Trung tam phan phoi
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Bang 1. Cac muc chi phi chu ctio't cija dcfn vi kinh doanh djch vu van chuyen hang h6a bdng xe tar
Chi phi kha bien
Chi phi cddinh
Thu nhap tnidc thu§', tra lai va kha'u hao
Chi phi nhi6n lieu Chi phi cau dudng Phi mai id Phu cap lai xe Phi kid'm dmh
Phi duy tu bao dudng dudng bp/ phi siidung dUdng bd Luong CO dmh tra cho lai xe
Luong cua nhan vien hanh chinh TiSn thue van phong Chi phi bao hiem Chi phi bao dudng Chi phi lai Khau hao Ghi phi cd hoi Thue
tac nghen giao thdng va giam thdi gian xe chd tren dffdng de giam Iffdng nhien lieu tieu hao v6 ich khi xe khdng the di chuyen [7].
Hien tai, van chuyen hang hda ddng container bdng sd lan cdn han chd do cdng sud't cdc tuyen dUdng thuy con tha'p va chi ddp ffng dffdc cac tau cd kich c3 nho. Tren 50% h%
thdng cang dffdng thuy npi dia tren toan qud'e la cang loai 3, chi cd the ddp ffng cac tau cd tai trpng 100-300 DWT. Dieu nay da ban che d^u tff tiif khu vffc tu nhdn vdo cai tiiien thiet ke sd lan, nang eao nSng Iffc tai container cua tdu va duy tri sd Iffdng it cdc cang hang container cd du trang thiet bi xff ly hang hda phii hdp tai cdc cang sdng [7].
Chat Iffdng ciia Iffc Iffdng lao dpng u-ong nude ciia cdc hang van tai dffdc
258 So 14-Thdng6/2020
KINH DOANH
ddnh gid d mffc tren trung binh. Nhffng hang vdn tai cho bidt Viet Nam cdn thieu ddi ngii quan ly, gidm dd'c didu hanh cd kinb nghiem ve chudi cung ffng va linh vffc kho van de du sffe thay the cho cdc nhan vien ngffdi nUdc ngoai.
Cde doanh nghiep dich vu logistics (LSP) eua Viet Nam phan Idn dang cung cap cac dieh vu chi phi thd'p va chat Iffdng thd'p, nen chffa the canh tranh vdi cde ddi thu qud'c te. Hau he't deu la cac doanh nghiep (DN) eo quy mo nhd, han chd ve kha nang tie'p can vdn va thieu nhdn Iffc dffdc dao tao day du, Chi co mdt vai ngoai le la cdc DN logistics phuc vu DN FDI ldn, diUdng la DN lien doanh d Vidt Nam de tan dung kinh nghiem qudc te va dap ffng ddi hoi eao eua cdc hang van tdi ve chd't Iffdng vd dich vu tin eay. Nang Iffe canh tranh vd hieu sua't tdng the cdn ye'u va thie'u eua cac LSP dffdc the hien ct cdc mang linh vffc khdc nhau.
Van tai dffdng bp la linh vffc dffa vao tdi san nhieu nhd't, dang dd'i mat vdi nhffng bd't cap ldn ve hieu sud't: Khodng 30% thdi lUdng chay xe Id chay khong tai, theo Bdo cdo eua World Bank ve cbi phi logistics nam 2015. Linh vUc dUdng thuy npi dia:
quy md sd lan binh quan d Vidt Nam la 100 td'n trong tai, cdn nhd so vdi 2.400 tan d Tay Au la ndi cd linh vffc van tai dffdng thuy phdt trien. Nguydn nhdn la do thie'u nang Iffc dtu tu va phdt trien, chu yeu do han che' ve tiep can vd'n [4].
3. Giai phap giam chi phi van tai trong boat dong logistics
3.1. Qudn ly chiphivgn tdi Van tai bang dudng bo
De khac phuc tinh trang sff dung xe tai cd nho lam cho lUdng xe tai tren cdc tuydn dffdng tang len, gia tang tinh frang tac nghen giao thdng tten cdc tuydn ra vao cde cang nam sdu ttong thanh phd va de giam nhiJng khodn chi phi kha bidn cin tiet kidm nhien lieu cua xe bang cdch tang quy md, hien dai hda phUdng tien (xe tai mdi vdi trpng tai ldn hdn va chi phi bdo dffdng tha'p hdn), can nang cao hieu qua khai thdc de gidm tinb bang xe chay khdng hang.
Khi vdn chuyen dUde nhieu hang hda hdn vdi sd' Iffdng xe it hdn, cd did lam tang doanh thu.
Van tdi bang dudng thuy ndi dia
Van tai dffdng thuy chie'm khoang 17,1% tdng
lffdng hang hda trong nffdc cua Viet Nam, cbiem khoang 18,9% khd'i Iffdng hang bda luan ehuyen (tinh ca lUdng td'n va trpng tai). So sdnh vdi cdc loai hinh van tai khdc, van tai dffdng thuy cd ffu diem la cd thd van chuyen vdi khd'i Iffdng ra't ldn. Cu the, mdt sa lan nho cd the vdn chuyen bang 25 xe tdi chay tten dffdng bd. Gia effde van tai thuy chi bang 1/2 de'n 1/3 gid cua van tai dffdng bp. Van tai ven bien va van tdi dudng thuy ndi dia (VTDTND) dam nhdn khodng 3/4 trong tdng khd'i Iffdng luan chuydn npi dia. Ddy la ty trpng ra't cao theo tieu chuan qud'c te va cd nhieu thudn ldi xet ve gdc dp cbi phi van tai va chi phi cdng ddng [2].
VI vay, can khuyen khich phdt trien VTDTND va vdn tai dUdng thuy ven bidn, da dang hda nhiJng binh thffc van tai khdc nhau, giam lUu Iffdng van tai hang hda bang dffdng bd, tff do giam chi phi van tai.
Van tdi daphudng thdc
Theo Nidn giam thdng ke 2014, ty le khd'i Iffdng hdng bda van tai da phffdng thffe cua cd nffde la:
Dffdng bo: 76,7%; Dffdng sdng: 17,4%; Dudng bien:
5,2%; Dffdng sat: 0,7%; va Hang khong: 0,0%.
Hang bda dUdc van chuyen trong cdc container dat tieu chuan ISO cd the thudn tien xdp dd giffa xe taiva tau.
Viec gan ket cac phffdng thffc van tai thanh chudi van tai cd the ke't hdp ffu the'cua tffng pbUdng thffc: Vdn tdi bp (tinh linh boat, kha nang ke't nd'i, tan sua't van tai lien tuc), van tai bien (vdi khd'i Iffdng Idn, quang dudng dai, qua nhieu chdu luc), vdn tai hang khdng (dat dUdc sU nhanh ehdng, ket nd'i vdi nhieu khu vUc khde nhau), vdn tai dffdng thuy ndi dia va dffdng sat (chi phi van tai tha'p, kha nang chuyen chd ldn). Tff do giam lffu Iffdng van tai hang hda bang dffdng bp, giam mffe dp d nhidm mdi trffdng, giam tac nghen giao thdng, dac biet d nhffng nut cd cbai tren mang Iffdi vdn tai va lam gidmehiphi van tai.
3.2. Phdt trien trung tdm logistics
d Nhat Ban, Vffdng qud'c Anh, viec lap ndn nhffng trung tdm tap ke't hang hda do thi da giup giam thdi gian giao hang, chi phi giao bang, tinb trang tae nghen va tdc dpng tieu cffc den mdi bffdng.
Ci Viet Nam. de hd trd cho viec phat trien cdc trung tdm logistics can tap trung thu hut dau tU vao
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cdc KCN, chu trong phdt trien san xud't tao ngudn hang XNK. Vdi cac dich vu cang can va dich vu gid tri gia tdng tai cdc trung tdm logistics, ed the thu hut dpi xe tai hien dang di qua cdc cang can.
Sff ke't hdp giffa nhffng trung tdm logistics vd trung tdm tap ke't bang hda dd tbi se giup giam tac nghen d nhffng nut kinh td trpng diem d Viet Nam, tff do nang cao hieu qua hoat ddng giao nhan hang hda va tang hidu sud't van tdi, gdp phan lam giam chi phi van tai.
3.3. Qudn tri nhdn lUc trong hogt d^ng logistics Theo nghien cihi vd nhdn Iffc hoat dpng trong nganh logistics cua Dffc, cd cau lao ddng trong nganh dieh vu logistics bao gdm: Van tai: 30%; Kho bai va xijf ly hang hda: 46%; Quan ly nha nffdc: 7%;
Lao ddng gian tid^p (chu DN, kd' todn, van phdng,...): 17%.
Tff thffc trang nhan lUc tai cac doanh nghiep logistics Viet Nam cho tha'y, lao dpng lam viec tai cac doanh nghiep van tai dudng sat, dffdng bd va dudng d'ng chidm ty trpng eao nhd't vdi 60,1% tdng so' lao dpng dang lam viee trong nganh logistics.
Tiep dd la lao ddng trong ITnh vUc kho bai va cdc hoat ddng hd trd van tai (32,51%); van tdi dUdng thuy (5,06%); bffu chinh va chuyen phdt (2,31%).
Lao dong trong linh vffe van tdi hang khdng chiem ty trpng tha'p nha't la 0,02% [2].
Ngudn nhdn Iffc cd chuyen mon va ky ndng cao la nhan to' quan trpng de boat dpng logistics dat hieu qua, tao nen sff thanh cdng cua cdc doanh nghidp logistics, vi the ngffdi lao dong trong linh vffe lidn quan can dffdc dao tao & cap nhat kie'n thffc chuyen nganh ve quan tri chudi cung ffng, cdc qui dinh phdp ly ve kinh doanh dich vu logistics &
VTDPT, he thd'ng thdng tin logistics, an toan giao thdng, dao dffc nghe nghiep cua dpi ngu ldi xe.
3.4. Lien kei doanh nghifp dich vu logistics Theo Hiep hpi Doanh nghiep dich vu Logistics Viet Nam (VLA), td'c dp phdt trien cua nganh logistics d ViSt Nam nhffng nam gan day dat khoang 14% - 16%, vdi quy md khodng 40 - 42 ty USD/ nam. Tham gia thi trffdng logistics gom khoang 3.000 doanh nghiep trong nude vd khoang 25 tap dodn giao nhan bang dau the gidi kinh doanh dUdi nhieu hinh thtfc. Hien nay. nhieu doanh nghiep eung cap dich vu logistics xuyen qud'c gia dang boat dpng tai Viet Nam, nhU: DHL, FedEx, Maersk Logistics, APL Logistics, CJ Logistics, KMTC Logistics...[2].
Day la mdi trffdng kinh doanh thudn ldi de doanh nghiep Viet Nam tham gia cung cd'p djch vu logistics, tdng cffdng lien ket, hdp tdc, trao ddi kie'n thtfc gitfa cdc doanh nghiep trong va ngoai nffdc; Ap dung cdng nghe thdng tin de quan ly, giam sat hang hda trong qud trinh van tai.
4. Ke't luan
Vdi vai trd la cau nd'i bd trd boat dpng thUdng mai, van tai hien dai can phai ddp tfng nhffng yeu eau phtfc tap hdn eua thi trUdng van tai ndi dja va qud'c td, dd la sff ket nd'i qua trinh van chuyen thanh chuoi van tai gan kdt vdi boat d^ng logistics.
Chi phi van tai chiem ty le ldn trong chi phi logistics. Chi phi van tdi con bao gdm ehi phi cd dinh va ehi phi khd bie'n. O Viet Nam, chi phi nay chie'm tdi gan 60% tdng cbi phi logistics, phan ldn hang hda dffdc van tai bdng dffdng bd (khodng 77% tdng Iffdng hdng) [7]. Bai vie't da de cap de'n thffc trang chi phi van tai trong hoat dpng logistics, tff dd dua ra giai phdp giam cbi phi van tai nhdm td'i ffu hda chi phi logistics dd'i vdi chuoi cung tfng •
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO:
1. Bd Cdng ThUdng (2017). Bdo cdo Logistics Viet Nam 2017. NXB Cong ThUdng.
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Ngay nMn bai: 4/5/2020
Ngay phan bi^n danh gia va sufa chiJa: 8/5/2020 Ngay cha'p nhjn dang bai: 12/5/2020 Thong tin tdc gid:
TANG THI HANG
Khoa Kinh t§'va Quan tri Kinh doanh Trifcfng Dgii hpc Hai Phong
SOLUTIONS FOR REDUCING TRANSPORT COSTS IN LOGISTICS OPERATIONS
• TANG THI HANG
Faculty of Economics and Business Administration Hal Phong University
ABSTRACT:
Five most common modes of transport are railways, roadways, ainvays. waterways and pipelines. Each mode of transport lias different features of service and cost. Transport plays an important role and affect significantly logistics perfonnance. As transport costs are an iraportanl component of logistics cost, reducing transport costs would greatly lower this kind of cost. This paper is about the optimization of logistics costs for the supply chain's secondary distribution system. It also analyzes various factors and proposes soluUons to reduce transportation costs in logistics operations.
Keywords: Reduce transportation cost, logistics operation, transportation cost, logistics cost.
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