Nghien cuu An Dp va Chau A. So 12-2015
HOAT DONG NGOAI GIAO CONG CHUNG
CUA AN DO NHITNG NAM DAU THE KY XXI
Pham Minh Scm * Nguyen Thi Que, Mai Hodi Anh**
~\ Jhung ndm gdn day, cdc quoc gia tren the gi&i ngay cdng quan tdm nhieu hem J. V den nhu cdu sik dung sue mqnh mem de cung co vf the va gia tdng sue hdp ddn cua minh tren dien dan quoc te vd ngoai giao cong chung tra thdnh cong ci^ quan trong trong chinh sdch doi ngoai cua cdc nudc. Co the noi, sue mqnh mem eua mot quoe gia bao gom cdc nguon lue la vdn hoa, gid tri chinh tri va chinh sdch doi ngoai, con ngoai giao eong ehung chinh la co che de chuyen tdi cdc nguon l^c nay. An Do Id ddt nu&c co tiem ndng khd mqnh ve sue manh mem vd dang no lice trien khai hoqt dpng ngoai giao cong ehiing nhdm muc tieu khien cho eong dong quoc te thira nhqn An Dp Id cu&ng quoe dang troi day, eo vai trd vd anh hu&ng quan trpng tren tru&ng quoc te.
Tfl khoa: An D6, siic manh mem, ngo^i giao cong chiing.
1. Cac phuong thirc trien khai ngo^i giao cong chung cua An Dq
- Trao doi vdn hoa vd hpc thudt: An Do CO cac the ch6 ngoai giao cong chiing trong linh vuc trao d6i van hoa va hoc thuat c6
•PGS.TS., Khoa Quan h? quoc xk, Hpc Vi§n Bdo chl
\k Tuyen truydn.
••PGS.TSi&TS., Vi|n Quan h§ qu6c tfi, Hpc vi?n Chlnh trj qu6c gia H6 Chl Minh.
- Nghifin cuu nliy dupc tai trp bai Quy Phit trien khoa hpc vi c6ng ngh? qu6c gia NAFORTED trong de tii nias6V1.2-2012.09.
tham nien. Nam 1950, ngay sau khi dgc lap, Hpi ddng Quan he Van hoa An Dp (Indian Council for Cultural Relations - ICCR) dugc thanh leip. Hien tai, ICCR co 24 trung t3m van hoa a nucrc ngoai va 14 van phong khu v\rc a An DO, sip tdi du dinh thanh lap them 14 trung tam niia 6 Dong va Dong Nam A, chau Au, chau Phi bao gom Bangkok, Kuala Lumpur, Paris, Sao Paulo, Tokyo va Washington'. Cac trung tam nay tap trung
ICCR's Global Presence: Foreign Cultural Centres,
Pham Minh San, Nguyin Thi Ou6, Mai Hoai Anh. Hoqt dpng ngogi giao..
quang ba van hgc, am nhac, miia, yoga cua An Dp, hoac to chiic day tidng Hindu va duy tri lien lac vai NGOs trong cgng dong nguai An dia phuang.
- Kit ndi tri thicc vd nghien euu: ICCR CO nhiem vy ca ban la dam trach \iec trao doi hgc thuat. Hi?n nay, ICCR h6 trg tai chinh cho 2.300 sinh vien nuac ngoai tgi cac truang dai hpc An Do, 675 trong so do dSn tit Afganistan, 500 dan tu cac nuoc chau Phi. S6 hpc bdng con lai gianh cho cac nuac Nam A, chii y^u la Bangladesh, Mauritius va Sri Lanka^. Va nghien ciiu hgc thuat, hang nam, ICCR cung c4p 30 hpc b6ng a cac truang dai hpc An Dp, tai trg chi phi di lgi cho cac "khach tham quan xuat sic" dSn An Dp, tai trg cho 30 hgc gia An Dp vai khoa hpc dai han (2 nam) hoac ngin hgn (3-6 th^g) a cac trucmg dai hgc nudc ngoai, khoang mgt niia trong so do day tieng Hindu va cac ngon ngQ An Do khac. So con lai cho cac hgc gia nghien ciiu hoa binh, quan h? quoc te, lich su An Do.
ICCR dang mo rpng chuang trinh nay, cung cdp 49 hpc bong chii yeu a BSc My, chau Au, Dong Nam A^.
Hgi dong Cac van de quoc te cua An Dp (Indian Coxmcil of World Affairs ICWA) dugc thanh lap nam 1943 vai tu c^ch la mgl ca quan tham muu dpc lap.
Hien nay ICWA dugc thira nhan la co vai tro ban xa hpi va dugc cong nhan bdi Dao luat Nghi vi^n nam 2001 nhu "mpt thd chl
http://www.iccrindia.net/foreigncentres.htinl
^ Many Scholarship Schemes of ICCR, http://www.iccrindia.net/scholarshipschemes. html
ICCR Chairs in Foreign Countries, htq)://www.iccrindia.net/chairsJitmI
CO tdm quan trpng quoc gia . Chiic nang chu yeu ciia ICWA la phat trien va ph6 bien nghien ciiu cac vin de d6i ngogi, to chiic seminar, xuat ban tai lieu va mgt tgp chi (India Quarterly). Tu nam 2001, ICWA ky ban ghi nhd vdi 19 the che khac, 3 d An Do, 16 d nudc ngoai gdm Nga, Trung Qudc, Malaysia, Tieu vuang qudc A rap thdng nhat... ICWA cung la thanh viSn ciia Hpi dong Hgp tac an ninh chau A-TBD (CSCAP), td chiic tgo dXhu kien thuan lgi cho ddi thoai kenh II giua cac hpc gia va chinh khach quan tam den an ninh khu vyc cung nhu nghien ciiu ve cac van de co lien quan lan nhau^. Quan trgng nhat, ICWA t6 chiic mpt dien dan co uy tin nai cac nh^
lanh dao, nha ngoai giao va nhiing nhan vat quan trpng dugc mdi din phat bieu.
Truyen thong: An Dp cung c6 h?
thdng truyen thdng nha nudc phat ra nudc ngoai. Ban Ddi ngogi ciia Dai Phat thanh toan An Dp (The Extemal Services of All India Radio) phat bang 27 ngdn ngii den han 100 nudc. Bat diu hogt dgng tii nam 1939 vdi vai tro la phuang tien chdng lgi sy tuyen truyen cua phe phat xit trong khu vyc, sau khi An Do dpc l$p, Dai Phat thanh An Dp (All India Radio - AIR) md r^ng bp phan Ban Ddi ngogi bao gdm phdt thanh bing cac tilng Arap, Baluchi, Burmese, Trung Qudc, Dari, Phap, Indonesia, Nepali, Persian, Nga, Sinhala, Swahili, Tay Tang, Anh va 11 ngdn ngCt An Dp. Bd phan phat thanh tieng nudc ngoai ldn nhat la tieng
ICWA, http://www.icwa.in/
' CSCAP-India Committee is presently involved in projects on cybersecurity and naval cooperation, http://www.cscap.org/index.php?page=study-groups
Nghien Cliu An Do va Chau A. Sd 12-2015 Anh vdi han 8 gid/ngay tren song ngin din
79 nudc, cac bd phan con lgi co pham vi han che han, phat 1 hogc 2 gid nhim vao cac nudc cu the. Muc tieu ciia Ban Ddi ngoai la "truyen dat quan dilm, sy phat trien, chinh sach, van hda, nghe thugt cua An Do" den chau A, chau Phi, Australia, New Zealand va Anh^.
Tu nam 2000, An Dp xem xet lai cac cdng cu ngoai giao cdng chiing truyin thdng va dua ra nhilu sang kiln mdi, mpt sd trong do dugc dilu phdi bdi Bd Ngoai giao, sd con lai bdi cac co quan khac cua chinh phli. Nam ndi dung mdi trong ngoai giao cdng chung ciia An Do dac biet co y nghta 1^: 1) Cd ging nim bit dugc ngudi An Dp d nudc ngoai; 2) Cd ging tao dung su gan ket vdi lgi ich kinh doanh d nudc ngoai; 3) Thyc hien Chuang trinh vi^n trg va phat trien nudc ngoai; 4) SCr dung cac sy kien ldn de quang ba "thuang hieu dan tdc"
An Do; 5) Sii dung truyen thdng xa hpi mdi de nam bat khan gia tre. Tat ca nhiing npi dung nay bao gdm nd lyc xay dyng cac phuang tien gay anh hudng den cong chiing nudc ngoai bang viec thiet lap cac thi che khac vdi kieu ICCR hoac ICWA va truyen thdng truyen thdng d viec sii dung truyen thdng mdi nham vao toan bp cdng chiing trong nudc hoac cdng chiing nudc ngoai va mdt sd nhdm muc tieu khac.
Cdc ca quan chii yiu la cong tdc ngoai giao cong chung:
Nam 2004, An Do thanh ldp Bd Cac vin dl ngudi An Dp d nudc ngoai (Minisry of Overseas Indian Affairs MOIA).
MOIA ra ddi vdi tham vgng la ca quan nang ddng va phan iing nhanh han the che truyen thdng theo phuang cham "nang ddng, tre trung, tuong tac, hien dai"', tiep can vdi dgc trung kieu quan ly ciia cac the che Tay Au. Nhiem vu ciia MOIA la "tao dieu kien thuan lgi cho tat ca cac van de lien quan den ngudi An Do d nudc ngoai"^
Chinh phli liSn bang dau tu dang ke vao MOIA, ngan sach cho MOIA tang tu 1,6 trieu USD nam 2004-05 len 17 trieu USD nam 2009-2010^. Viec tang ngan sach cho MOIA la da chi phi cho quang cao, seminar, hpi nghj bao gdm hdi nghi Pravasi Bharatiya Divas (ngay ciia An Dp d nudc ngoai) hang nam do MOIA td chiic phdi hgp vdi chinh quyan Delhi va Lien minh Cong nghifp An Do. Cac hpi nghi nay nham lien ket cac chinh khach lien bang va cac bang vdi dai dien tu cac cdng ddng Do Thai gdc An bao gdm doanh nhan, cac lanh dao van hda va cac hpc gia.
MOIA cung con nhilu sang kiln khac.
Nam 2006, Bp phgn Tu each cdng dan An Do d nudc ngoai (OIC) dugc thiinh lap, tren thyc tl, md rgng din ca nhung ngudi cd ngudn gdc An Dp sdng d nudc ngoai co visa thudng tni vao An Dp. Nam 2008, MOIA thanh lap dich vu "Tracing Your
* AIR Extemal Services Division, http://www.aIIindiaradio.org/extemaI.html
An Overview, http://moia.gov.in/services.aspx?niaimd^
MOIA, Mandate, http://www.moia.gov.in/services.aspx'7idl=8&idp=8&m
ainid=6
For the MOIA budget, http://moia.gov.in/writereaddata/pdf7budget_graph09-' lO.pdf
Pham Minh San, Nguyin Thi Qui Mai Hoai Anh. Hoat idng ngogi giao..
Roots" (Theo ngu6n g6c cua ban) de tro gidp nhung nguM thuoc cpng d6ng Do Thdi quan tam dta pha h? cua ho va xay dvng m6i quan he cua hp a An Dp. Ben canh do, MOIA con thuc hien nhieu chucmg trinh nhu "Know India Program"
(Chuong Uinh tim hieu An Dp) trong 3 tuin nham vao nhihig nguoi liia tuoi tit 18- 26; chuong trmh hpc b6ng cho 100 sinh vien Do Thai din hpc tap tai cac tmcmg dai hpc ciia An Dp...
N5m 2006, Bp Ngoai giao An Dp thanh l?p Bp phan Ngoai giao cong chiing (Public Diplomacy Division) nhim tang cuong doi thoai giira An Dp va thS gioi. Muc tieu chu y§u cua ngoai giao cong chung An Dp la giai thich nhimg quyet dinh chinh sach doi ngoai cua An Dp, quang ba hinh anh tich c\rc ciia An Dp ciing nhu thu hiit cac hpc gia, cac CO quan tham muu, gidi truyen thpng tham gia cac ho?t dpng cua minh. Tii thang 1/2014, Vu Ngo^i giao cdng chung sap nhap voi Vu Quang ba doi ngoai (Extemal Publicity Division) thupe Bp Ngogi giao An Dp'"-
Trpng diem cua ngoai giao cong chiing An Dp la truyen dgt ly do ton tai nhiing quyet sdch doi ngoai cua An Dp cung nhu khic sau diu an An Dp theo each truySn thdng tren pham vi toan cau thong qua phim anh, sach, tai lieu... Nhimg n6 luc ngoai giao cong chung cua An Dp g6m 2 linh vuc chinh: 1) Ngogi giao cong chung nhim vao cac nucrc khu vyc Nam A va chau Phi bao gom vien trp nuoc ngoai, cac
'" Indian Ocean Region Still a Blur on MEA Map, The New Indian Express, January 19,2014
chuong trinh phat trien va trp giiip ky thugt; 2) Ngogi giao cong chung tren phgm vi toan ciu, chu yeu nham vao gidi tinh hoa xa hpi, kinh doanh phuang Tay.
- Ngogi giao ky thuat so: Ben canh My, Anh (nhiing nuoc di diu trong viec de ra va thuc hien ngoai giaa ky thuat so), An Dp cung dupc danh gia la mpt trong nhihig qu6c gia khd ntog dpng trong viec th^c hien ngogi giao ky thujt s6 (vol nhflng ten gpi nhu cyber diplomacy, digital diplomacy hay e-diplamacy)... An Dp la nuoc c6 nen cong ngh? thong tin co ban, vifc ling dyng cong ngh? thong tin phat trien tuong doi nhanh va dieu nay co the dupc coi la mpt trong nhihig n^n tang de nhimg nha ISnh dao nganh ngogi giao nuac nay thiic diy nSn ngoai giao ky thugt so.
Cimg vdi nhiing sang ki6n gSy dnh hucmg den du lu$n giai tinh hoa, An Dp bit diu kham phd kha nang intemet, dgc bi?t la cong ngh? mgng 2.0. Viec md tai khodn Twitter va trang Facebook la vi du dien hinh nhat ve s\r chuyen dich nay. Co gdng dang ke la vi?c cai thien website cda chinh phu An Dp. Nhgn thirc rang, MOIA la ciia ngp lien lgc diu tien khi nhieu ngudi den vdi chinh phii An Dp, website ciia MOIA cdng phu va d6 su dung han website cua cdc bp khdc. Dd cflng la nai ii cdc ca quan An Dp d nudc ngoai, dac bi?t d cdc nudc phuang Tay va cac hdi ddng kinh doanh thiic day thuang mai va diu tu. BO Ngogi giao An Dp (MEA) da ldp ra hin mpt bO phgn phy trdch thiic ddy ngogi giao ky thudt sd vd thiic thi nhidu sdng kidn. Bdn cgnh dd, cdc cdng ty mgnh nhdt vd linh vyc cdng
Nghien ciiu An D6 va Chau A. S6 12 - 2015 ngh? th6ng tin va truyen thong cung cac ky
su tre nang dpng, nhiet huyet cung dugc huy dpng d^ h6 trg cho viec phat trien ngogi giao ky thuat s6 a An Dp. Nganh ngoai giao An Dp dang diy manh vi^c su dyng cac mgng xa hpi nhu Twitter, Facebook, YouTube va cac mang truyen thong xa h5i khac de phuc vu cho cong vi?c vai trpng tam la duy tri m6i lien he thucmg xuyen voi th6 gioi. Mpt s6 linh vi^c cong tac chu yiu ciia nganh ngogi giao An Dp da duac 16n ke hogch de iing dung ngoai giao ky thugt so. Chang hgn, trong cong tac lanh sir, Bp Ngoai giao An D$ da khai dpng mpt iing dyng di?n thogi thong minh giiip ngucri dung truy egp thong tin ve tinh trgng hp chieu ciing nhu m^t s6 thu tue lien quan den l§inh su khac; lap dien dan cho phep cac nhk ngoai giao nuac nay tham gia cac cuoc thao lugn tu do nhxmg dupc bao mat npi b0 de dua ra cac y kien c6 gia trj tham khao ve cac van de chinh sach doi ngogi. Ben canh do, cac tap chi ciia nganh nhu India Perspectives, in phSm hang diu ciia Bp dupc in vai 14 ngon ngO nudc ngoai va luu hanh trong ca quan dai difn, Cling CO mpt phien ban ky thugt s6, cho phep dgc gia truy egp cr bat cii dau. Y tuong Icm hon se la cung cap cac an pham ngo^i thu vi6n va de dang truy c|ip tir cdc ipad, may tinh xdeh tay, may tinh bang, dien thoai thong minh... cua nguai diing quan tam. An D$ ciing len ke hoach xay d\mg mgt ca scr dir lieu ky thuat so ciia cac hi?p ucre va hi?p dinh ma nudc nay da ky ket vdi cac nudc khdc tii trudc dSn nay. Bp phgn phap che vk eac dieu udc cua Bp da
chuin bj sin sang mgt co sd dfi lieu cung cip cac thdng tin chi tilt theo ke hogeh nay.
An Do cung khuySn khich cdc dai sii qudn va lanh sy quan d nudc ngodi thilt lgp su hien dien ciia minh tren Facebook.
- Thong qua hoqt dpng cua lanh dqo quoc gia: Hogt dpng ngogi giao cong chiing cua An D6 xon dugc ddy mgnh thdng qua hogt ddng ciia ca nhan cdc nhd lanh dao qu6c gia. Cu thi nhit la hogt dgng ciia Thli tudng Narendra Modi.
Ong Modi bit ddu lam Thu tudng tii nam 2014 vdi mgt s:y biit phd manh me cdc hogt d0ng ngoai giao. Ong dd tdng cudng cdc cam kdt ciia An Dp vdi ede nudc ldng gilng, c6 ging giai quyet cac tranh chap lanh tho vdi Bangladesh; tien hdnh hang loat ede chuyin tham song phucmg vdi Trung Qudc, Nhdt Ban va M^; tham dir tich cue cac dien dan da phuang, nhdt Id ede cudc hpp BRICS, G-20 va Dai hdi ddng Lien hgp qudc.
Tuy nhien, dng Modi nhdn thdy, nin ngoai giao ciia An DO vln xhn tgi nhilu gidi hgn, d^c bi?t trong bdi canh nen tdng thi che yiu kem d An DO. Bg Ngogi giao An Dg cd mOt dOi ngii edn bO nhd be ddi vdi mOt quoc gia ed tham vgng toan cdu, khodng 900 ngudi, chi tuang duang vdi cua New Zealand (cd 4,4 triSu dan) hay Singapore (5,3 trieu), trong khi My co khodng 15.000 va Trung Qudc cd khoang 5.000 can bO ngoai giao. Trong khi dd, An Dp lgi cd ngudn siic mgnh mIm vdi rit nhieu tilm ndng nhu Bollywood, Yoga, Phat gido va mOt truyin thdng triit hpc
Pham Minh Son. Nguyin Thi Qui Mai Hoai Anh. Hogt dpng ngogi giao..
phong phu; cd nhihig nha tri thirc tim c8 th^ gidi tir Amartya Sen tdi Salman Rushdie va cd mdt cpng ddng ngudi An rdng khip, giau cd va ngdy cang tham chinh d cdc trung tam chinh tti va kinh te cua the gidi...
Nhdm gdp phin khdc phuc nhihig yeu kem cua ngoai giao cdng chiing, Thu tudng Modi da thyc hien mdt loat cdc bien phdp.
Diu tiSn, dng da lien tyc tidp can vdi cdng ddng ngudi An Dp (cd tdi 25 trieu ngudi) ttong cac chuydn tham chinh d nudc ngoai.
Vi dy, dng keu gpi cdng ddng An kidu d My hdy "Ndi vdng tay va phuc vy nudc me An Dp" ii giup tdng cudng hinh anh qudc te cua An Dp cflng nhu khuydn khich diu tu tryc tiSp nudc ngoai; dng cung gui thdng di$p tuong ty tdi ngudi An Dp d nudc ngodi tgi Nhgt Bdn vd Austtalia. Cimg vdi dd, dng Modi bit diu cap nhdt viec truyen tdi thdng di$p ciia qudc gia vdi mong mudn ldm ndi bgt each An Dp ket ndi giua lich sir cd xua vd hi?n dgi de hdi sinh hinh dnh quoc te cua dit nudc. Thu tudng Modi cung thudng xuyen sir dung ngogi giao ky thudt s6 thdng qua cdc mang xa hpi nhu Twitter, Facebook, YouTube, Tumblr, Linkedin, Pinterest, vd StumbleUpon. Co the thdy, sir dyng phuong tien truyen thdng xa hpi de khuech truang cdc chuydn di nudc ngoai cho phep Thu tudng Modi khic hpa minh nhu la mdt chinh khach qudc td, lam sdng lgi nidm tir hdo vd Nhan hieu An Dp va thu hut diu tu.
2. Nhihig sang kien trong ngoai giao cdng chung
Vy Ngoai giao cdng chung (hidn tgi la Vy Qudng bd ddi ngogi) dd tich cue qudng bd hinh anh cua An Dp ra nudc ngoai, cd ging "gay thien cdm vd dnh hudng den cdc CO quan tham muu, cac trudng dai hpc, gidi truydn thdng va cac chuyen gia de hp hieu bidt nhieu han vd quan diem cua chinh phii vdi nhiing van de quan ttpng". Hoat dpng nay cdn dupc tra giup bdi Hpi ddng Quan he van hda An Dp (ICCR), cdng cy xuat sic ciia ngoai giao vdn hda. Bp Thdng tin va Phdt thanh truyen hinh ciing hd trp sdng kidn ngoai giao cdng chiing thdng qua chien lupc truyen thdng ve "hpp tac qudc te ttong ITrih vyc truyen thdng dai chiing, phun anh, phat thanh truydn hinh". Ngodi ra, nhieu ca quan chinh phii khac cung thyc Men cac chuang trinh quang ba hinh dnh cua An Dp d nudc ngodi va tham gia ngogi giao cdng chung cd hinh thirc ddc lap vd tap the.
Nhidu sdng kien hay do chinh phii An Dp dua ra de tham gia vdo chidn dich ngogi giao cdng chung hieu qua nham thiic day Ipi ich cua An Dp. Dd la chuang trinh
"Pravasi Bharatiya Divas" va "Know India" dgc biet nham vao cpng ddng ngudi Do Thdi gdc An DO. Cdc chucmg ttinh nhu
"Pravasi Bharatiya Divas" vd "Know India" thanh cdng ldn vdi so lupng cac dodn dgi bieu tham gia ngay cang tdng qua cdc nam.
Cac sang kidn khdc bao gdm xuit bdn, phim tdi lieu va cdc su kipn vdn hda dd cdp ddn mpi mat ddi sdng An Dp. Mpt dn pham phd bidn la tgp chi "India perspective"
dupc xuit ban bing 17 ngdn ngii vd phdt
Nghien ciru An Dp va Chdu A. Sd 12-2015 hanh tten 150 qudc gia tten thd gidi, qudng
bd di san vdn hda phong phli cua An Dp, mdt xa hdi da nguyen phirc hop va mdt nen kinh te ddy sire sdng. Vu Ngogi giao cdng chung cflng kdt hpp vdi cdc trudng dai hpc, cac CO quan tham muu, cdc td chiic nghien cim Idn trong nudc va qudc td td chiic cac hpi thdo, hdi nghi vdi cdc chu dd vd An Dp, tidp ddn cac dodn dgi bieu tir cdc nudc, cdc td chirc nhim cung cip cho hp nhflng thdng tin ve An Dd; td chirc cdc bdi giang va cac sy kien khdc d An Dp vdi myc tieu cung cd nhdn thirc sdu sac hem ve chinh sach ddi ngogi cua An Dp"
Ngodi ra, cdc phai dodn ngoai giao cua An Dp thudng xuyen td chiic cdc festival phim, dm nhgc d nudc sd tai. An Dp cdn tdng cudng tap trung vdo cdng chung nudc ngoai, dau tu vdo ngoai giao cdng chung 2.0 dd thuc day giao tiep 2 each thiic truydn dgt trong dd nhdn manh vao vide "nghe"
cdng chimg nudc ngoai hem la "ke".
3. Ket lu^n
Ngoai giao cdng chiing la chien lupc khd mdi ddi vdi chinh phu An Dp, nhung tim quan trpng cua nd ngay cang ldn khi nd trd thanh cdng cu quydn luc mem sdng cdn cua An Dp. Khdng nhumg the, ngogi giao cdng chiing cdn la cdng cy chinh sdch ddi ngogi quan trpng duac sii dyng dd tang cudng dnh hudng cua An Dp trdn the gidi, duy tri thd lyc cua An Dp trong quan he qudc te. Ngogi giao cdng chung cung hda nhgp vdo qud trinh hogch djnh chinh sdch
'' Govemment of India, Ministry of Extemal Affairs,
Public Diplomacy Division, Iittp://indiandiplomacy,i[i/AboutUs.aspx#p3
ddi ngoai ciia An Dp de hinh thanh ndn mpt chien lupc toan didn vd chdt che. Vi vdy, ngogi giao cdng chiing khdng thd den sau md nd cin thiet phdi cd mat d tit cd cdc khdu ttong qud ttinh hogch dinh chinh sdch ddi ngogi. De An Dp trd thanh cudng qudc tten thd gidi, chinh phu An Dp cin khai thdc mpi ngudn siic mgnh mdm md ngogi giao cdng chung la mdt phan quan trpng ttong dd.
Mgc du cdn mdt sd hgn che, nhung ngogi giao cdng chiing hi$n van la cdng cu ca bdn trong chinh sdch ddi ngogi ciia chinh phii An Dd nhdm tdng cudng quydn luc vd dnh hudng tren the gidi. Ngogi giao cdng chiing khdng hodn todn la hoat ddng cdng bd nhflng sd lieu vd An Dp. Nd cung khdng chi dimg d vide kd Id chi tidt sy tdng trudng kinh te, tiem ndng cdng nghidp va nhiing thdnh tich ddn chu ciia dit nudc.
Ngoai giao cdng chiing An Dp tap trung vdo ddi thogi vdi edng chiing nudc ngoai;
trpng tdm la su cin thidt phdi "truydn dgt cd chidn lupc". Do vgy, ngogi giao cdng chiing can cd su hieu bidt nhidu hon vd hpp tac, loi ich tap thd va cam kdt vdi cdc ddn tpc khac. Ngoai giao cdng chung khdng chi hgn chd d tuydn truydn, phdi nhin xa hem va bao hdm ddi thoai giiia cdc ndn vdn hda.
Vdi nhgn thiic nhu vdy, chinh phu An Dp dang su dyng ngogi giao cdng chung m0t each tir tir, vOng chdc dd thiic diy loi ich chinh sdeh ddi ngoai ciia minh trdn thd gidi.
Tai lifu tham khao
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Phgm Minh Son, Nguyen Thi Qud, Mai Hoai Anh. Hogt dgng ngogi giao...
2. J. N. Dixit (2004), Makers of India's Foreign Policy: Raja Ram Mohun Roy to Yashwant Sinha, New Dellii; HarperCollins India.
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Lessons for the Conduct of Indian Foreign Policy, India and the World, IPCS, Vol. 2522, No 1,2008.
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17, Issue 2&3, April-September, 2010.
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lO.Ritambhara, On Indian Public Diplomacy, http://www.e- ir.info/20I3/04/30/on-indian-public-diploniacy/
